上善若(ruo)水章第八

        上(shang)善(shan)(shan)(shan)若水，水善(shan)(shan)(shan)利(li)萬(wan)物而不爭(zheng)(zheng)，處眾人之所惡，故幾(ji)于道。居善(shan)(shan)(shan)地，心善(shan)(shan)(shan)淵，與善(shan)(shan)(shan)仁(ren)，言善(shan)(shan)(shan)信，正善(shan)(shan)(shan)治，事善(shan)(shan)(shan)能(neng)，動善(shan)(shan)(shan)時。夫唯(wei)不爭(zheng)(zheng)，故無(wu)尤。

  ;      此章要人修道若(ruo)水(shui)(shui)。水(shui)(shui)乃無(wu)心之(zhi)物。“善”字，百福之(zhi)根(gen)。上善底(di)，無(wu)事不(bu)無(wu)規(gui)矩，諸事無(wu)外感應。水(shui)(shui)滋物，無(wu)容心，人所(suo)惡底(di)污穢之(zhi)地，而水(shui)(shui)不(bu)爭(zheng)。內功(gong)用水(shui)(shui)而若(ruo)水(shui)(shui)，如是故，不(bu)爭(zheng)者(zhe)等人，可幾近于(yu)至道也。

        下七句有兩說(shuo)。外說(shuo)，人(ren)(ren)能(neng)(neng)持善(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)擇善(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)(di)而地(di)(di)(di)善(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)也(ye)。人(ren)(ren)善(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)(di)善(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)，豈身不(bu)(bu)(bu)安乎？心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)存(cun)善(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)而心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)公，一(yi)公，心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)淵(yuan)于海，而無(wu)(wu)(wu)物不(bu)(bu)(bu)容。心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)善(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)方能(neng)(neng)人(ren)(ren)善(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)(di)善(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)。七句中(zhong)在“心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)”字，“與善(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)仁(ren)”。他本改作(zuo)此“人(ren)(ren)”字看，（即將“與善(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)仁(ren)”改作(zuo)“與善(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)人(ren)(ren)”）吾不(bu)(bu)(bu)然與？普(pu)也(ye)，心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)存(cun)善(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)，無(wu)(wu)(wu)處不(bu)(bu)(bu)普(pu)。普(pu)與善(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)，無(wu)(wu)(wu)處不(bu)(bu)(bu)仁(ren)，作(zuo)“人(ren)(ren)”字，便輕了。言(yan)“善(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)信(xin)”，心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)存(cun)善(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)，出言(yan)必(bi)善(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)；心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)存(cun)善(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)，為政(zheng)必(bi)化(hua)而治矣，百姓無(wu)(wu)(wu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)瞻仰(yang)；心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)存(cun)善(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)，作(zuo)事無(wu)(wu)(wu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)中(zhong)節(jie)；心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)存(cun)善(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)，有道則(ze)見（現），無(wu)(wu)(wu)道則(ze)隱，一(yi)動無(wu)(wu)(wu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)合時。如此，夫惟(wei)若(ruo)水之不(bu)(bu)(bu)爭，故無(wu)(wu)(wu)尤。居善(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)(di)則(ze)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)安，心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)善(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)淵(yuan)則(ze)神定(ding)，與善(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)仁(ren)則(ze)義(yi)存(cun)，言(yan)善(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)信(xin)則(ze)立志(zhi)，政(zheng)善(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)治則(ze)化(hua)普(pu)，事善(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)能(neng)(neng)則(ze)無(wu)(wu)(wu)惑，動善(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)時則(ze)天命(ming)知。若(ruo)是，可近(jin)于道矣。此外說(shuo)也(ye)。

        內說(shuo)，心(xin)正(zheng)意誠(cheng)，即是“善”字總領(ling)。水(shui)是圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)通(tong)底，修道(dao)如(ru)水(shui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)通(tong)，正(zheng)誠(cheng)、圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)通(tong)，無(wu)道(dao)不(bu)(bu)成(cheng)。水(shui)乃養命之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)源，水(shui)升火降，聚則(ze)結(jie)為金液，散則(ze)無(wu)處不(bu)(bu)周(zhou)，如(ru)滋(zi)養萬物一般，雖污穢(hui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所，無(wu)不(bu)(bu)沾之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。地乃絳宅(zhai)，一善，則(ze)身外(wai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)身，處而(er)(er)安之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。存正(zheng)誠(cheng)，則(ze)心(xin)淵而(er)(er)冥(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)；存正(zheng)誠(cheng)，則(ze)意外(wai)意，周(zhou)流用之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)而(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)窮；存正(zheng)誠(cheng)，我(wo)(wo)(wo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)魂魄不(bu)(bu)為我(wo)(wo)(wo)治，合之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)而(er)(er)成(cheng)真種(zhong)子，一有性(xing)中景象，乃吾身之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事也(ye)。惟我(wo)(wo)(wo)能(neng)知，他(ta)人(ren)安能(neng)？存正(zheng)誠(cheng)，入于冥(ming)忘，性(xing)發(fa)而(er)(er)后動，方(fang)知命歸根，此其時也(ye)。要(yao)圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)通(tong)若(ruo)(ruo)水(shui)，可動則(ze)動，可靜則(ze)靜，善能(neng)正(zheng)誠(cheng)圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)通(tong)，動靜方(fang)得(de)隨時，無(wu)人(ren)無(wu)我(wo)(wo)(wo)，安得(de)有爭？夫惟不(bu)(bu)爭，幾成(cheng)于道(dao)，故無(wu)尤。無(wu)尤若(ruo)(ruo)水(shui)，方(fang)能(neng)上善，方(fang)得(de)如(ru)此，信道(dao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)浮(fu)矣(yi)。

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