邱祖,邱處機(1148~1227),全真道龍門派的創始人,字通密,登州棲霞(今屬山東)人,是全真道北七真人之一,師承王重陽。《小周天歌訣》是他的一首丹訣力作,用通俗語言闡述了丹道功夫中百日筑基的丹訣隱秘,對于道教丹道內丹術的修(xiu)煉者(zhe)而言是極(ji)具指導意(yi)義的。
極靜而動兮一(yi)陽來復,藥(yao)產神(shen)知兮妙訣通靈。
微陽初生兮(xi)嫩而勿采,藥物堅實兮(xi)十五光盈(ying)。
時當急(ji)采兮(xi)莫教錯過,久(jiu)而望之兮(xi)采之無成。
氣馳于外者(zhe)神亦馳外,神返于根者(zhe)氣方回根。
氣日將盡兮采封侯足,子(zi)時起火兮須要分(fen)明。
如何云火(huo)兮后天呼吸,如何用火(huo)兮呼降吸升。
用火(huo)(huo)玄妙兮如無似有,行火(huo)(huo)鼎內(nei)兮息劾真(zhen)人(ren)。
火須(xu)有(you)候兮數息出入,名(ming)為刻漏(lou)兮用定時辰。
自子至(zhi)已兮(xi)六陽用九,三十六息兮(xi)采取進升。
自午至亥兮(xi)六陰用六,二十四息兮(xi)退(tui)降煉烹。
卯陽沐浴兮陽光宜熄,酉陰(yin)沐浴兮陰(yin)符宜停(ting)。
不(bu)降(jiang)不(bu)升兮(xi)沐浴景象,較之大周(zhou)兮(xi)略具微形。
周天(tian)三(san)百(bai)兮除卯酉(you)(you)數,三(san)百(bai)六(liu)十兮連(lian)卯酉(you)(you)名。
再(zai)加(jia)五度(du)兮(xi)四分之一,以(yi)象閨余虧周天一巡。
復(fu)歸于靜兮依然沐浴,神凝(ning)旡穴兮再候陽生。
行(xing)之(zhi)即久兮(xi)(xi)精返為(wei)氣,回風宜止兮(xi)(xi)百日(ri)功靈。
六根聚動兮七曰口訣,大周功起兮再問迷津(jin)。
一、極靜而動兮,一陽來復。藥產神知兮,妙訣通靈。
道教仙術小周天(tian)功(gong)夫,是(shi)從(cong)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)生(sheng)下(xia)手的(de)(de)。而(er)(er)(er)(er)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)須極靜(jing)(jing)(jing)而(er)(er)(er)(er)生(sheng),只有極靜(jing)(jing)(jing)所(suo)生(sheng)之陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang),水源才清(qing),惟清(qing)才真。所(suo)以(yi)真陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)乃(nai)是(shi)靜(jing)(jing)(jing)極而(er)(er)(er)(er)動(dong)(dong)所(suo)生(sheng)之陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)。柳華(hua)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)在(zai)《金仙證論》中(zhong)講:“金丹(dan)大道,從(cong)靜(jing)(jing)(jing)而(er)(er)(er)(er)入,至(zhi)動(dong)(dong)而(er)(er)(er)(er)取。”“靜(jing)(jing)(jing)者,靜(jing)(jing)(jing)其性(xing)也。性(xing)能虛靜(jing)(jing)(jing),塵念(nian)(nian)不生(sheng),則(ze)真陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)自(zi)(zi)動(dong)(dong)。動(dong)(dong)者,非心動(dong)(dong),是(shi)炁(qi)之動(dong)(dong)也”。性(xing)靜(jing)(jing)(jing)炁(qi)動(dong)(dong),一(yi)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)始生(sheng)。這種現象,在(zai)丹(dan)修中(zhong)是(shi)用十二辟卦來表示火(huo)候。一(yi)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)起(qi)于復卦,陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)極而(er)(er)(er)(er)后(hou)陰生(sheng),故謂之“一(yi)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)來復”,此即人身(shen)冬至(zhi)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)生(sheng)之時,也叫“活子(zi)時”。其特點是(shi)在(zai)虛極靜(jing)(jing)(jing)篤中(zhong)產生(sheng)先天(tian)炁(qi)以(yi)沖動(dong)(dong)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)關,外腎無念(nian)(nian)而(er)(er)(er)(er)舉,為身(shen)中(zhong)一(yi)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)始生(sheng)的(de)(de)征兆。這不是(shi)自(zi)(zi)然界的(de)(de)天(tian)時,是(shi)人身(shen)真炁(qi)自(zi)(zi)動(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)人時。《道書》云(yun):“下(xia)手立(li)丹(dan)基,休(xiu)將子(zi)午(wu)推,靜(jing)(jing)(jing)中(zhong)才一(yi)動(dong)(dong),便是(shi)癸生(sheng)時。”炁(qi)(qi)動即(ji)有(you)神(shen)動,這就是伍(wu)沖(chong)虛講的(de)“神(shen)炁(qi)(qi)同動”之(zhi)(zhi)說(shuo)。實際(ji)上“元(yuan)炁(qi)(qi)發動之(zhi)(zhi)機”即(ji)“元(yuan)神(shen)妙覺之(zhi)(zhi)機”,所以“藥(yao)產”必然(ran)會“神(shen)知”的(de)。即(ji)使是在濃睡之(zhi)(zhi)時,也會有(you)知。夏(xia)云峰說(shuo):“自(zi)然(ran)時節夢里(li)也教(jiao)知。”神(shen)能覺之(zhi)(zhi)則可配合炁(qi)(qi)動之(zhi)(zhi)機,將其收回炁(qi)(qi)穴(xue),然(ran)后再行身中之(zhi)(zhi)妙運(yun)。這就是以呼吸之(zhi)(zhi)氣(qi)而留戀(lian)神(shen)炁(qi)(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)法,使神(shen)炁(qi)(qi)同行同往而不離(li)散,則可行小周天之(zhi)(zhi)功了。故曰:“妙訣(jue)通靈(ling)。”二、微陽初生兮,嫩而勿采;藥物堅實兮,十五光盈。時當急采兮,莫教錯過,久而望遠兮,采之無成。一陽(yang)(yang)初(chu)生,炁微不(bu)(bu)可起火。王沐在(zai)《內(nei)丹養生功法指要(yao)》一書中(zhong)講:“蓋一陽(yang)(yang)始生,《易經》謂(wei)(wei)之(zhi)復卦(gua),此(ci)活子時至矣。但初(chu)爻(yao)之(zhi)顯象(xiang)力微,不(bu)(bu)可起火。必須(xu)先‘采(cai)而歸源’,加以(yi)溫養,靜函片時,待(dai)其復動(dong),謂(wei)(wei)之(zhi)臨卦(gua),(二候)(地澤臨)。即《慧命經》所謂(wei)(wei)‘二候采(cai)牟尼(ni)’也。”然(ran)后(hou)再等待(dai)之(zhi),久(jiu)則藥物堅(jian)實,如月之(zhi)“十(shi)五光盈(ying)”也。此(ci)時地天泰卦(gua),上三陰(yin)下(xia)三陽(yang)(yang),彼此(ci)平(ping)(ping)衡,真鉛八兩,真汞半(ban)斤,陰(yin)陽(yang)(yang)平(ping)(ping)衡,正采(cai)取之(zhi)時也。外腎(shen)初(chu)輕舉(ju),繼(ji)高舉(ju),后(hou)堅(jian)實,當急(ji)采(cai)之(zhi),不(bu)(bu)可錯(cuo)過(guo)(guo)。如果錯(cuo)過(guo)(guo)此(ci)時機,就(jiu)如《悟真篇》講的“金逢望(wang)后(hou)不(bu)(bu)堪(kan)嘗”了。久(jiu)是(shi)堅(jian)久(jiu)之(zhi)意(yi),望(wang)日(ri)月圓(yuan)是(shi)十(shi)五光盈(ying),到(dao)十(shi)六、十(shi)七(qi)、十(shi)八,就(jiu)離望(wang)日(ri)愈(yu)來愈(yu)遠,“老(lao)而炁散”,不(bu)(bu)可用也,用之(zhi)也不(bu)(bu)能成(cheng)丹。故曰(yue):“采(cai)之(zhi)無成(cheng)。”
三、炁馳于外者,神亦馳外;神返于根者,炁亦歸根。炁日將盡兮,采封候足。子時起火兮,須要分明。當(dang)行功(gong)入靜至無知(zhi)覺的(de)“忘我”境界之時(shi),真炁(qi)(qi)(qi)在靜極中自動(dong)向(xiang)外(wai)發泄,這就是(shi)“炁(qi)(qi)(qi)馳(chi)于(yu)外(wai)”之時(shi)了。此時(shi)神(shen)亦隨(sui)之馳(chi)外(wai)并(bing)阻止其向(xiang)外(wai)發泄,然后起呼吸之氣(qi)(qi)以采回炁(qi)(qi)(qi)穴(xue)。這就是(shi)“神(shen)返(fan)(fan)于(yu)根”之功(gong),用(yong)呼吸氣(qi)(qi)以斂藏(zang)神(shen)炁(qi)(qi)(qi),則真炁(qi)(qi)(qi)也隨(sui)神(shen)而(er)返(fan)(fan)回炁(qi)(qi)(qi)根。這個(ge)采(cai)取過程,正如《大成捷要(yao)》講的:采(cai)時之(zhi)呼(hu)(hu)吸(xi)是“吸(xi)則有心,呼(hu)(hu)出(chu)無意,心力(li)提起,目光射(she)是,一絲(si)不掛,萬(wan)緣皆空,是用(yong)吸(xi)不用(yong)呼(hu)(hu),而呼(hu)(hu)是后隨而已。或(huo)十(shi)息,或(huo)數十(shi)息,以外腎消縮凈盡(jin)為止,陽物絕(jue)無動機(ji),謂之(zhi)采(cai)藥歸爐(lu)”。待真炁采(cai)盡(jin)之(zhi)后,再(zai)用(yong)意封閉。所謂封閉,即是“閉塞耳目口三關(guan),凝神(shen)聚炁以溫養(yang)之(zhi)義(yi)”。采(cai)封之(zhi)后,待陽炁充足,即可(ke)子時起火了。玉芝(zhi)書曰:“凡煉(lian)丹隨(sui)子(zi)(zi)時(shi)(shi)炁(qi)生(sheng)而(er)起火(huo),則(ze)火(huo)力方(fang)全。余時(shi)(shi)起火(huo)不得,無(wu)藥(yao)故也。”“有(you)藥(yao)方(fang)能(neng)造化生(sheng)”。所(suo)以陳泥丸(wan)講:“十二時(shi)(shi)辰(chen)須認(ren)子(zi)(zi)。”這個“子(zi)(zi)”就是(shi)“月之(zhi)(zhi)圓(yuan)存乎口訣,時(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)子(zi)(zi)妙在心傳”之(zhi)(zhi)“子(zi)(zi)”。月圓(yuan)是(shi)指陽(yang)光盛滿(man),比喻(yu)陽(yang)炁(qi)發生(sheng)之(zhi)(zhi)盛,可采取煉(lian)之(zhi)(zhi)而(er)成丹。采藥(yao)是(shi)子(zi)(zi)時(shi)(shi)火(huo)之(zhi)(zhi)前的事,此時(shi)(shi)起火(huo)是(shi)指“子(zi)(zi)時(shi)(shi)火(huo)之(zhi)(zhi)事”,故謂“當令”。隨(sui)后有(you)炁(qi)動之(zhi)(zhi)機者(zhe)則(ze)“周天(tian)武火(huo)自此而(er)運(yun)”,所(suo)以“子(zi)(zi)時(shi)(shi)起火(huo),須要分明”。四、復歸于靜兮,依然沐浴。神凝燕穴合,再候陽生。行之既久兮,精返為炁。回風宜止兮,百日功靈。六根震動兮,七日口訣,大周功起兮,再問迷津。小(xiao)周(zhou)天(tian)運行(xing)一周(zhou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后,陽(yang)(yang)炁得(de)補(bu)(bu)復純靜矣。此時(shi)仍行(xing)沐浴(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)功(gong),使神凝氣穴,再候陽(yang)(yang)生(sheng)。伍沖(chong)虛在(zai)《仙佛合(he)宗語錄》中(zhong)講:補(bu)(bu)精(jing)(jing)補(bu)(bu)炁“必俟靜而自(zi)動,又(you)得(de)陽(yang)(yang)炁發動之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)機,為可補(bu)(bu)陽(yang)(yang)炁者(zhe)。總(zong)是要補(bu)(bu),必要再生(sheng),再補(bu)(bu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)理”。如(ru)此行(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)既久(jiu),精(jing)(jing)盡化炁。這(zhe)就(jiu)是仙術煉(lian)精(jing)(jing)化炁中(zhong)的百日(ri)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)功(gong)。待功(gong)滿之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)日(ri),止火景(jing)到(如(ru)陽(yang)(yang)光三現),即可止火。此時(shi)就(jiu)不(bu)再用(yong)回風混合(he)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)功(gong)了。久(jiu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),待大(da)藥生(sheng)時(shi),就(jiu)會有六根(gen)震動之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)象(xiang)。即丹田火熾、兩腎湯煎(jian)、耳(er)后風生(sheng)、眼吐金光、身涌鼻搐(chu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)景(jing),此乃(nai)得(de)大(da)藥之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)兆也,然(ran)后用(yong)七日(ri)采(cai)工以采(cai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。這(zhe)時(shi)就(jiu)進入大(da)周(zhou)天(tian)煉(lian)炁化神階段了,然(ran)后再向先輩(bei)們(men)請教(jiao)吧!
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