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呂祖《道德經》釋義第二十八章

德玄 2024-10-31 10:54:19

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第二十八

        知(zhi)(zhi)其(qi)雄,守(shou)其(qi)雌(ci),為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)天(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)溪,為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)天(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)溪,常(chang)(chang)德不離(li),復歸于(yu)嬰兒;知(zhi)(zhi)其(qi)白(bai),守(shou)其(qi)黑,為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)天(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)式(shi),為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)天(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)式(shi),常(chang)(chang)德不忒(te),復歸于(yu)無極;知(zhi)(zhi)其(qi)榮,守(shou)其(qi)辱,為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)天(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)谷(gu),為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)天(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)谷(gu),常(chang)(chang)德乃足,復歸于(yu)樸(pu)。樸(pu)散則為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)器,圣人用之(zhi),則為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)官長,故(gu)大(da)智不割。

        此章(zhang)何意?要人守道,分理陰陽。

        何為(wei)(wei)“知(zhi)其(qi)(qi)雄(xiong),守其(qi)(qi)雌(ci)”?雄(xiong)是陰(yin)中陽生(sheng),雌(ci)乃先天(tian)一氣(qi)。知(zhi)而不采,謂之“知(zhi)其(qi)(qi)雄(xiong)”;守而自(zi)(zi)來,謂之“守其(qi)(qi)雌(ci)”。何為(wei)(wei)“為(wei)(wei)天(tian)下(xia)(xia)溪”?分理陰(yin)陽,則天(tian)下(xia)(xia)柔(rou)和(he),溪乃淳也,天(tian)下(xia)(xia)淳,陰(yin)陽自(zi)(zi)然分理。天(tian)下(xia)(xia),指一身而言,一身無(wu)為(wei)(wei),常德不離(li)。德者道也,人(ren)本清虛,清虛陰(yin)升,清虛陽降,陰(yin)升陽降,其(qi)(qi)德乃長,真常不離(li),反與(yu)嬰兒同體。嬰兒者,氣(qi)未(wei)定,五臟未(wei)全,皆(jie)虛空也。

        人(ren)能(neng)無(wu)五臟(zang)者,方能(neng)“知(zhi)其(qi)白(bai)(bai)”而(er)(er)“守其(qi)黑”也,以(yi)嬰兒為(wei)天下抱道之(zhi)式。人(ren)能(neng)如嬰兒,觸物(wu)不(bu)著,見境無(wu)情,“為(wei)天下式”者,真常之(zhi)德無(wu)差忒矣。道得淳化,反歸于無(wu)極,而(er)(er)合太虛之(zhi)無(wu)為(wei),知(zhi)其(qi)白(bai)(bai),不(bu)若(ruo)守黑,白(bai)(bai)能(neng)易(yi)染,而(er)(er)黑無(wu)著,靜到白(bai)(bai)時(shi)(shi),如月返晦(hui),到晦(hui)時(shi)(shi),收斂之(zhi)象也。

        “知其(qi)(qi)榮(rong)”,榮(rong)則有(you)害,不(bu)(bu)如常(chang)守其(qi)(qi)辱,辱心一存,萬事無不(bu)(bu)可作。“為天下(xia)谷”,谷者,虛其(qi)(qi)中(zhong)。一身常(chang)能虛中(zhong),“為天下(xia)谷”,此之謂(wei)也。

        “常(chang)德乃足”,中(zhong)能常(chang)白,其道常(chang)存,道存,而反歸于(yu)樸(pu),樸(pu)者,全(quan)完(wan)之(zhi)(zhi)器。樸(pu)散而成器,散者分其樸(pu),而圣人用之(zhi)(zhi),圣人能守(shou)(shou)中(zhong)精一(yi)(yi),則純一(yi)(yi)而不(bu)雜(za),為(wei)天下管轄,統天下之(zhi)(zhi)民歸于(yu)一(yi)(yi)國,聚(ju)萬成一(yi)(yi),淳化無(wu)(wu)為(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)國,分理(li)(li)陰(yin)陽(yang),五行之(zhi)(zhi)造化,歸于(yu)一(yi)(yi)統,則大之(zhi)(zhi)而不(bu)割也。一(yi)(yi)身純陽(yang),分理(li)(li)陰(yin)陽(yang),其煉而成體,豈能割乎?知雄守(shou)(shou)雌,以(yi)柔治(zhi)剛之(zhi)(zhi)意也。太上教人,無(wu)(wu)為(wei)化淳,聽生(sheng)化之(zhi)(zhi)自然,不(bu)假勉強也。

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