孔子在(zai)《易(yi)傳》中曾經反復申述《周易(yi)》的三(san)材之(zhi)道(dao)，如《系辭傳》說:

“《易》 之(zhi)為(wei)書(shu)也(ye)，廣大悉備。有天(tian)道(dao)焉(yan)，有人(ren)道(dao)焉(yan)，有地道(dao)焉(yan)，兼三(san)材而(er)兩之(zhi)，故六(liu)(liu)(liu)。六(liu)(liu)(liu)者非它也(ye)，三(san)材之(zhi)道(dao)也(ye)。”《說(shuo)卦(gua)傳》 說(shuo):“ 昔者圣人(ren)之(zhi)作《易》也(ye),將以(yi)順性命之(zhi)理，是以(yi)立(li)(li)天(tian)之(zhi)道(dao)日(ri)陰(yin)與(yu)陽，立(li)(li)地之(zhi)道(dao)日(ri)柔與(yu)剛，立(li)(li)人(ren)之(zhi)道(dao)曰仁與(yu)義(yi)，兼三(san)材而(er)兩之(zhi)，故《易》 六(liu)(liu)(liu)畫而(er)成卦(gua)。分陰(yin)分陽,迭用柔剛，故《易》 六(liu)(liu)(liu)位而(er)成章。”《系辭傳》還說(shuo):

“六(liu)交之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動，三極之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)(dao)也(ye)。”《倜易(yi)》 雖然(ran)博大精深(shen)，但概言之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)無非就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)三材之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)(dao)，“一(yi)陰(yin)一(yi)陽之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)謂道(dao)(dao)”。而其實質(zhi)內容確是(shi)(shi)(shi)講“性命(ming)(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)理(li)(li)(li)(li)”的,所以(yi)(yi)《系辭傳》說(shuo):“ 《易(yi)》與天(tian)(tian)地準(zhun)， 故(gu)能彌綸天(tian)(tian)地之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)(dao)，仰以(yi)(yi)觀于天(tian)(tian)文(wen)，俯以(yi)(yi)察于地理(li)(li)(li)(li)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)故(gu)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)幽明之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)故(gu)，原始反終，故(gu)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)死(si)(si)生(sheng)(sheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)說(shuo)。精氣為物，游(you)魂為變，是(shi)(shi)(shi)故(gu)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)鬼神之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)情狀。”“性 命(ming)(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)理(li)(li)(li)(li)”就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)“死(si)(si)生(sheng)(sheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)說(shuo)”，怎樣才能知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)(dao)生(sheng)(sheng)物的“性命(ming)(ming)”“死(si)(si)生(sheng)(sheng) ”呢?孔(kong)子說(shuo)“樂(le)天(tian)(tian)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)命(ming)(ming)”。對天(tian)(tian)道(dao)(dao)感興趣，孜孜不倦地研究天(tian)(tian)道(dao)(dao)，就(jiu)能獲(huo)得“性命(ming)(ming)”“死(si)(si)生(sheng)(sheng)”的道(dao)(dao)理(li)(li)(li)(li)。而這正是(shi)(shi)(shi)中醫學的核心內容，即中醫的“天(tian)(tian)人合一(yi)”觀。如《素問.氣交變大論》說(shuo):夫道(dao)(dao)者，上知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)天(tian)(tian)文(wen)，下知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地理(li)(li)(li)(li)，中知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人事(shi)，可以(yi)(yi)長久。又說(shuo):位天(tian)(tian)者，天(tian)(tian)文(wen)也(ye);位地者，地理(li)(li)(li)(li)也(ye);通于人氣之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)變化者,人事(shi)也(ye)。

其具體應用如《素問. 陰(yin)陽應象(xiang)大論》說:“惟賢人 上配(pei)天(tian)以養(yang)頭，下象(xiang)地以養(yang)足，中傍人事以養(yang)五臟(zang)。”靈樞.邪客》 說:

天(tian)(tian)(tian)圓(yuan)(yuan)地(di)方(fang)(fang)，人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)頭(tou)圓(yuan)(yuan)足(zu)方(fang)(fang)以應(ying)之;天(tian)(tian)(tian)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)日(ri)月(yue)，人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)兩目(mu);地(di)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)九州(zhou)，人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)九竅;天(tian)(tian)(tian)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)風(feng)雨，人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)喜怒(nu);天(tian)(tian)(tian)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)雷電，人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)音聲(sheng);天(tian)(tian)(tian)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)四時，人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)四肢;天(tian)(tian)(tian)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)五音，人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)五臟;天(tian)(tian)(tian)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)六(liu)律,人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)六(liu)腑;天(tian)(tian)(tian)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)冬夏，人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)寒熱;天(tian)(tian)(tian)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)十(shi)(shi)日(ri)，人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)手十(shi)(shi)指(zhi);辰有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)十(shi)(shi)二，人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)足(zu)十(shi)(shi)指(zhi)、莖垂以應(ying)之，女子(zi)不足(zu)二節(jie)，以抱人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)形;天(tian)(tian)(tian)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)陰陽(yang)，人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)夫(fu)妻;歲有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)三(san)百(bai)六(liu)十(shi)(shi)五日(ri)，人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)三(san)百(bai)六(liu)十(shi)(shi)五節(jie)”;地(di)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)高(gao)山，人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)肩膝;地(di)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)深谷，人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)腋胭;地(di)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)十(shi)(shi)二經(jing)水，人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)十(shi)(shi)二經(jing)脈(mo);地(di)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)泉脈(mo)，人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)衛氣(qi);地(di)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)草(cao)莫，人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)毫毛;天(tian)(tian)(tian)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)晝夜，人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)臥起;天(tian)(tian)(tian)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)列星，人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)牙齒;地(di)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)小山，人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)小節(jie);地(di)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)山石(shi)，人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)高(gao)骨;地(di)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)林木，人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)募筋;地(di)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)聚邑，人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)胭肉;歲有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)十(shi)(shi)二月(yue)，人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)十(shi)(shi)二節(jie);地(di)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)四時不生(sheng)草(cao)，人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)無子(zi)，此人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)與天(tian)(tian)(tian)地(di)相應(ying)者也。

三才之道(dao)在脈法中也(ye)(ye)有應(ying)用，如(ru)《索問三部九候論》說:三候者(zhe)，有天(tian)有地有人也(ye)(ye)。....

上部天，兩額之動脈(mo);

上部地(di)，兩頰之動脈;

上部人，耳前之動脈。

中部天，手太陰也;

中部地，手陽明也;

中部人，手少陰也。

下部天，足厥陰也;

下部地，足(zu)少陰也;下部人，足(zu)太(tai)陰也。

人身這三部九候之脈(mo)，又與五(wu)臟系統(tong)各個部位(wei)有相應關(guan)聯。

下部之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)“天以(yi)(yi)候肝，地(di)以(yi)(yi)候腎(shen)，人以(yi)(yi)候脾胃之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)氣”;中部之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)“天以(yi)(yi)候肺，地(di)以(yi)(yi)候胸中之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)氣，人以(yi)(yi)候心”;上部之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)“天以(yi)(yi)候頭角之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)氣，地(di)以(yi)(yi)候口齒(chi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)氣，人以(yi)(yi)候耳目(mu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)氣”。這也是我建立《中醫外感(gan)三部六經說(shuo)(shuo)》的根據之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一。 孔子三才之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道說(shuo)(shuo)貫穿于整個中醫學(xue)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中，就不(bu)一敘(xu)述了。

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