恒,就是持久(jiu),經(jing)常(chang)之(zhi)意(yi)。養生保健不(bu)僅要方法合(he)適,而且要經(jing)常(chang)堅持不(bu)懈地(di)努力,才能不(bu)斷改善體質。只有(you)(you)持之(zhi)以恒地(di)進行(xing)調攝,才能達(da)到目的(de)。其大要有(you)(you)以下三(san)點:
在(zai)人(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)一生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)中(zhong),各種因素都會(hui)影響最終(zhong)壽限(xian),因此,養(yang)(yang)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)必須貫穿人(ren)(ren)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)自(zi)始至終(zhong)。中(zhong)國古代(dai)養(yang)(yang)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)家非常(chang)重視整體養(yang)(yang)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)法。金元時期著名醫家劉(liu)(liu)完(wan)素提出(chu)人(ren)(ren)一生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)“養(yang)(yang)、治(zhi)、保(bao)(bao)、延(yan)(yan)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)攝生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)思想(xiang)。明代(dai)張景(jing)岳(yue)特別強調胎(tai)孕養(yang)(yang)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)保(bao)(bao)健(jian)(jian)和中(zhong)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)調理(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)重要性(xing)。張氏在(zai)《類經》中(zhong)指(zhi)(zhi)出(chu):“凡寡欲(yu)而(er)得(de)之男(nan)女,貴而(er)壽,多欲(yu)而(er)得(de)之男(nan)女,濁而(er)夭(yao)”。告誡為(wei)(wei)人(ren)(ren)父母者生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)命(ming)出(chu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)之前常(chang)為(wei)(wei)一生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)壽夭(yao)強弱(ruo)(ruo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)決(jue)定性(xing)時期,應(ying)當(dang)高(gao)度重視節欲(yu)節飲,以(yi)保(bao)(bao)全(quan)精血,造福后代(dai)。劉(liu)(liu)完(wan)素在(zai)《素問·病(bing)機氣宜(yi)保(bao)(bao)命(ming)集》指(zhi)(zhi)出(chu):“人(ren)(ren)欲(yu)抗御(yu)早衰,盡終(zhong)天(tian)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),應(ying)從小入手(shou),荀(xun)能注重攝養(yang)(yang),可(ke)收(shou)防微杜漸之功”。根(gen)(gen)(gen)據少年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)理(li)(li)(li)特點,劉(liu)(liu)氏提出(chu)“其(qi)(qi)(qi)治(zhi)之之道(dao)(dao)(dao),節飲食(shi),適(shi)寒暑,宜(yi)防微杜漸,用(yong)養(yang)(yang)性(xing)之藥(yao),以(yi)全(quan)其(qi)(qi)(qi)真(zhen)”。張景(jing)岳(yue)主張小兒多要補腎(shen),通過后天(tian)作用(yong)補先天(tian)不足。保(bao)(bao)全(quan)真(zhen)元對中(zhong)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)健(jian)(jian)壯(zhuang),有重要意義。人(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)成年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)時期是一生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)興旺(wang)階段,據此特點,劉(liu)(liu)完(wan)素認為(wei)(wei):“其(qi)(qi)(qi)治(zhi)之之道(dao)(dao)(dao),辨八邪,分勞佚,宜(yi)治(zhi)病(bing)之藥(yao),當(dang)減其(qi)(qi)(qi)毒,以(yi)全(quan)其(qi)(qi)(qi)真(zhen)”。這種“減毒”預防傷(shang)正思想(xiang),對于(yu)抗御(yu)早衰具有很要作用(yong)。張景(jing)岳(yue)更強調指(zhi)(zhi)出(chu):“人(ren)(ren)于(yu)中(zhong)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)左右(you),當(dang)大為(wei)(wei)修(xiu)理(li)(li)(li)一番,則再振根(gen)(gen)(gen)基,尚余(yu)強半”。通過中(zhong)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)調理(li)(li)(li)修(xiu)整,為(wei)(wei)進入老年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)期做好準(zhun)備。人(ren)(ren)到老年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)理(li)(li)(li)功能開始衰退。故劉(liu)(liu)完(wan)素指(zhi)(zhi)出(chu):“其(qi)(qi)(qi)治(zhi)之之道(dao)(dao)(dao)順神養(yang)(yang)精,調腑和臟,行內恤(xu)外護”,旨在(zai)內養(yang)(yang)精、氣、神,外避六淫之邪,保(bao)(bao)其(qi)(qi)(qi)正氣,濟其(qi)(qi)(qi)衰弱(ruo)(ruo)。對于(yu)高(gao)齡之人(ren)(ren),可(ke)視其(qi)(qi)(qi)陰陽(yang)氣血之虛實,有針(zhen)對性(xing)地采(cai)取保(bao)(bao)健(jian)(jian)措施。劉(liu)(liu)完(wan)素指(zhi)(zhi)出(chu):“其(qi)(qi)(qi)治(zhi)之之道(dao)(dao)(dao),餐精華,處奧(ao)庭,燮理(li)(li)(li)陰陽(yang),周流和氣,宜(yi)延(yan)(yan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)之藥(yao),以(yi)全(quan)其(qi)(qi)(qi)真(zhen)”(《素問·病(bing)機氣宜(yi)保(bao)(bao)命(ming)集》)。根(gen)(gen)(gen)據高(gao)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)之生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)理(li)(li)(li)特點,適(shi)當(dang)鍛煉,輔以(yi)藥(yao)養(yang)(yang)和食(shi)養(yang)(yang),有益(yi)于(yu)延(yan)(yan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)益(yi)壽。古人(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)這種整體養(yang)(yang)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)思想(xiang)比較符合現代(dai)對人(ren)(ren)體生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)命(ming)和養(yang)(yang)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)認識。
中醫養生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)保健(jian)的方法(fa)很多。要(yao)根據自己各(ge)方面的情況,合理(li)選擇。選定之(zhi)后,就要(yao)專(zhuan)一(yi)、精練(lian),切忌見異思遷,朝(chao)秦(qin)暮楚(chu)。因為每一(yi)種功(gong)法(fa)都有(you)自身的規律,專(zhuan)一(yi)精練(lian)能(neng)強化(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)命(ming)(ming)運動的節律,提高生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)命(ming)(ming)運動的有(you)序(xu)化(hua)程(cheng)度(du)。如果同時練(lian)幾種功(gong)法(fa),對每一(yi)種功(gong)法(fa)都學不深(shen)遠,則(ze)起不到健(jian)身作用(yong),而且(qie)各(ge)種功(gong)法(fa)的規律不完全相同,互有(you)干擾,會影響生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)命(ming)(ming)活動的有(you)序(xu)化(hua),身體健(jian)康水平不可(ke)能(neng)提高。
古人云,藥無(wu)(wu)貴賤(jian),中病(bing)者(zhe)良;法(fa)無(wu)(wu)優劣,契機(ji)者(zhe)妙。練(lian)功要(yao)想有益健(jian)康,就(jiu)得(de)遵循(xun)各種功法(fa)的自身(shen)(shen)(shen)規律,循(xun)序漸進,堅持不懈,專心(xin)(xin)致志去(qu)練(lian),不可(ke)急于求(qiu)成,練(lian)得(de)過(guo)多過(guo)猛。只要(yao)樹(shu)立正確態度,做到(dao)“三心(xin)(xin)”,即信心(xin)(xin)、專心(xin)(xin)、恒心(xin)(xin),掌握正確的方法(fa),勤學(xue)苦練(lian),細心(xin)(xin)體會(hui),一定能取得(de)強身(shen)(shen)(shen)健(jian)身(shen)(shen)(shen)的效果。
提倡養生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)化(hua),就是(shi)要積(ji)極主動(dong)地把養生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)方(fang)(fang)法溶化(hua)在日常(chang)(chang)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)的(de)各個方(fang)(fang)面。因(yin)為作(zuo)、息、坐、臥、衣、食、住(zhu)、行等等,必須符(fu)合人體生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)理特點、自然和(he)社(she)會的(de)規律,才(cai)能給(gei)我們的(de)工作(zuo)、學(xue)習和(he)健康帶來更(geng)多的(de)益處(chu)(chu)。總之(zhi)(zhi),養生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)是(shi)人類之(zhi)(zhi)需,社(she)會之(zhi)(zhi)需,日常(chang)(chang)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)中處(chu)(chu)處(chu)(chu)都可(ke)以(yi)養生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),只要把養生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)保健的(de)思想深深扎根生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)之(zhi)(zhi)中,掌握(wo)健身(shen)方(fang)(fang)法,就可(ke)做到防病健身(shen),祛(qu)病延年,提高健康水平(ping)。
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上(shang)一篇(pian): 道醫(yi)中醫(yi)養生(sheng)學第三章第五(wu)節 形神合(he)一···