古稱風(feng)(feng)、癆、臌(gu)、膈為四大難癥,而中(zhong)(zhong)風(feng)(feng)居(ju)其首焉。可見中(zhong)(zhong)風(feng)(feng)一病自古以(yi)(yi)來即難治(zhi)療,歷代醫(yi)家無(wu)不究心(xin)于斯癥。唐(tang)宋(song)以(yi)(yi)前,每以(yi)(yi)“內虛邪中(zhong)(zhong)”立(li)論,多主外風(feng)(feng)學說,及(ji)至(zhi)金(jin)元,則(ze)內風(feng)(feng)之論出而醫(yi)家多宗之。其問(wen)劉河問(wen)主“心(xin)火暴盛,”李東垣倡“正氣自虛”,朱丹溪(xi)持“濕痰生熱”。而明·張景(jing)岳又作“非風(feng)(feng)”之說,以(yi)(yi)內虛積損立(li)論,而明·李中(zhong)(zhong)梓,則(ze)將卒中(zhong)(zhong)分為閉、脫二(er)證。
時至清代,溫病大家(jia)葉天(tian)士(shi)經過(guo)深入之理論研究及長期臨床觀察,闡明(ming)中(zhong)風之病因病機為(wei)“精血耗(hao)損,水不涵木”而致“肝陽偏亢,內風時起。”并創用“滋(zi)液熄(xi)風,補陰潛陽”治法,開養陰柔(rou)肝、清熱熄(xi)風以治本病之先河。
中風患者(zhe)經治(zhi)療后病(bing)勢(shi)漸(jian)衰,正(zheng)氣稍復(fu),危象已解而(er)后遺肢(zhi)體不遂,舌強語蹇(jian),筋(jin)脈拘急或(huo)弛縱不收等(deng)癥者(zhe),看(kan)似漸(jian)趨向愈,實則漸(jian)成頑疾。當此之(zhi)時(shi),務宜不失(shi)時(shi)機,速投對證恰當之(zhi)藥,則多(duo)能緩(huan)緩(huan)康復(fu),若仍失(shi)治(zhi)、誤治(zhi),則難免抱(bao)疾終(zhong)生,病(bing)愈無日(ri)矣。是故醫家于斯時(shi)之(zhi)決(jue)策(ce),對患者(zhe)之(zhi)預后,至(zhi)關(guan)重要,治(zhi)療之(zhi)或(huo)成或(huo)敗全系于斯。
中(zhong)風偏(pian)癱之(zhi)(zhi)治(zhi)療(liao)法(fa)則,歷代名賢各有(you)獨到之(zhi)(zhi)見(jian)解心得,且經千百年之(zhi)(zhi)實踐總(zong)結,已積累許多寶貴經驗。其(qi)中(zhong)余深契(qi)于(yu)胡(hu)念(nian)庵與葉天士兩位(wei)昔(xi)賢之(zhi)(zhi)說。胡(hu)念(nian)庵在(zai)《醫家心法(fa)》評語中(zhong)曰(yue):“其(qi)大要和(he)其(qi)陰陽(yang),調其(qi)氣(qi)血,或(huo)有(you)兼證,隨所現而(er)治(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi),或(huo)溫(wen),或(huo)清(qing),或(huo)補(bu),或(huo)散,以(yi)無(wu)失其(qi)宜為貴。”而(er)清(qing)代溫(wen)病(bing)大家葉天士則以(yi)“益氣(qi)血、清(qing)痰火、通經絡”為大法(fa)。胡(hu)葉二賢之(zhi)(zhi)論,認識相近,議論平允,可(ke)為治(zhi)療(liao)斯癥之(zhi)(zhi)準繩。
世傳高效驗(yan)方,以《醫學(xue)衷中參西錄》之(zhi)鎮(zhen)肝熄風湯(tang)及《醫林改(gai)錯》之(zhi)補陽(yang)(yang)還(huan)五湯(tang)最(zui)為著名(ming)。前(qian)者用(yong)治(zhi)陰虛陽(yang)(yang)亢,氣逆火升之(zhi)證,于此姑置(zhi)不論。
清(qing)代王清(qing)任著《醫林改錯》,專(zhuan)主氣(qi)虛血(xue)瘀立說,立補(bu)陽(yang)還五湯以(yi)治偏枯。此方(fang)一出后世醫家靡不(bu)樂從。殊不(bu)知偏癱(tan)一癥(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)病(bing)(bing)因病(bing)(bing)機常(chang)常(chang)錯綜(zong)復雜,固不(bu)可用(yong)一方(fang)統治偏癱(tan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)病(bing)(bing)。仍宜辨證(zheng)求因,審(shen)因論治。再就補(bu)陽(yang)還五湯本身而(er)論,方(fang)中黃(huang)(huang)芪(qi)用(yong)量(liang)特重,黃(huang)(huang)芪(qi)有(you)補(bu)氣(qi)升(sheng)陽(yang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)功。而(er)內虛暗風(feng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人,多(duo)由肝陽(yang)肝火(huo)為(wei)其主因,又常(chang)兼(jian)肝腎虧損,或有(you)痰(tan)熱內戀(lian)。若營衛空(kong)疏者,易(yi)兼(jian)外(wai)風(feng)襲人。雖中風(feng)以(yi)后,多(duo)數患者陽(yang)升(sheng)火(huo)逆之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)勢漸減,但一經(jing)引動則死灰(hui)易(yi)于(yu)復燃(ran)。所慮黃(huang)(huang)芪(qi)大劑服用(yong),其溫燥之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)性(xing)易(yi)傷(shang)肝腎之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)陰。其補(bu)氣(qi)而(er)兼(jian)升(sheng)陽(yang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng),易(yi)助肝陽(yang)亢(kang)逆之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)勢,或致木(mu)火(huo)升(sheng)騰。其氣(qi)盛而(er)不(bu)疏易(yi)使痰(tan)熱阻(zu)滯(zhi)。故補(bu)陽(yang)還五湯并不(bu)適(shi)用(yong)所有(you)中風(feng)后遺癥(zheng)病(bing)(bing)人。此方(fang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)適(shi)應證(zheng)候(hou)惟(wei)以(yi)氣(qi)虛為(wei)主而(er)稍(shao)兼(jian)血(xue)絡瘀阻(zu)者。
若氣(qi)(qi)虛而兼(jian)痰熱(re),宜佐消(xiao)痰清熱(re);氣(qi)(qi)虛而火盛(sheng),宜參降火泄(xie)熱(re);惟氣(qi)(qi)虛而兼(jian)肝腎(shen)虧(kui)損(sun)(sun)者,不可早投(tou)滋膩血(xue)藥,蓋(gai)卒仆大勢(shi)雖衰,而五(wu)臟(zang)六腑,經(jing)絡隧道,陰陽氣(qi)(qi)血(xue)及四肢百骸之(zhi)(zhi)功能,尚在復蘇之(zhi)(zhi)初,其力甚微,而于氣(qi)(qi)虛之(zhi)(zhi)人尤然。若滋膩浪投(tou),則扼其生生之(zhi)(zhi)氣(qi)(qi),難免(mian)不致夭傷也。必待(dai)元氣(qi)(qi)漸(jian)充,中土消(xiao)導運化(hua)之(zhi)(zhi)力已能勝任,始(shi)可漸(jian)漸(jian)加入。若其證(zheng)不以(yi)氣(qi)(qi)虛為主(zhu),而是肝腎(shen)虧(kui)損(sun)(sun),或肝陽上亢,或痰熱(re)內戀等證(zheng)型(xing)者,則不在此(ci)例。
余于(yu)臨證問,細察(cha)病(bing)者(zhe)之(zhi)(zhi)脈證,氣(qi)虛者(zhe)委實(shi)不少,而(er)血虛,陰虛,確有所遜,是以知(zhi)王清任之(zhi)(zhi)偏重補氣(qi)立論,自有臨床依(yi)據。然氣(qi)虛之(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)偏于(yu)中(zhong)氣(qi)虛而(er)兼(jian)痰滯熱郁(yu)者(zhe)居多(duo),故明代孫(sun)文垣于(yu)其醫案中(zhong)屢用六(liu)君子(zi)湯或四君子(zi)湯加減化裁,而(er)競全功。
基于上述認(ren)識,余自(zi)(zi)制偏枯健(jian)全湯,以治中(zhong)風(feng)(feng)偏癱中(zhong)氣(qi)(qi)虛而兼痰熱、風(feng)(feng)邪阻絡者,方中(zhong)重用黨參以建中(zhong)氣(qi)(qi)而健(jian)脾(pi)胃,脾(pi)胃健(jian)運(yun)則痰濁易化(hua)。茯苓、橘紅、膽星、竹瀝(li)以化(hua)痰通(tong)絡。遠志(zhi)、菖蒲開心氣(qi)(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)凝而出(chu)(chu)音聲。秦艽、防風(feng)(feng)祛經絡之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)風(feng)(feng)而達四肢。鉤藤專清厥陰風(feng)(feng)木,潛其陽氣(qi)(qi)。紅花獨理血(xue)(xue)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)滯,助熄風(feng)(feng)邪。甘草調和諸(zhu)(zhu)藥。方中(zhong)諸(zhu)(zhu)藥均有職司,惟有石斛(hu)一味,似屬多(duo)余。尤(you)(you)在(zai)涇曰:“類中(zhong)風(feng)(feng)者,風(feng)(feng)自(zi)(zi)內(nei)生,肝(gan)(gan)臟(zang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)厥氣(qi)(qi)也。肝(gan)(gan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)生氣(qi)(qi)暴而病速,肝(gan)(gan)氣(qi)(qi)既(ji)厥,諸(zhu)(zhu)氣(qi)(qi)從之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。諸(zhu)(zhu)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)又(you)從之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。諸(zhu)(zhu)氣(qi)(qi)化(hua)火,諸(zhu)(zhu)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)痰,輻(fu)湊上焦,流(liu)澀(se)經絡,如風(feng)(feng)雨(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)驟至,如潮汐之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)驟涌不(bu)可當也。”尤(you)(you)氏明確指出(chu)(chu)此(ci)證生于肝(gan)(gan)氣(qi)(qi)暴厥,氣(qi)(qi)升火逆,聚(ju)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)成痰,阻滯經絡隧道之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)間(jian)。液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)既(ji)凝而為(wei)痰,其液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)必傷(shang),臟(zang)腑經絡自(zi)(zi)然燥(zao)澀(se)。津(jin)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)能滲灌諸(zhu)(zhu)竅及關節(jie),具(ju)滑利濡潤(run)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)功,氣(qi)(qi)血(xue)(xue)乏津(jin)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)潤(run)滑,必礙于運(yun)行(xing)。若津(jin)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)不(bu)充(chong),欲其肢體(ti)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)速愈(yu)實為(wei)不(bu)能。又(you)津(jin)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)參與人體(ti)精液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)及
血液之(zhi)化生(sheng),精(jing)血枯涸,欲其(qi)(qi)豐腴肌體并使運動自如者(zhe)(zhe),亦不(bu)(bu)可思(si)議!是以方中必加(jia)養陰生(sheng)津(jin)之(zhi)品(pin)。然(ran)患者(zhe)(zhe)元(yuan)氣衰頹,脾(pi)胃(wei)不(bu)(bu)健,而投以滋膩,易(yi)致藥傷。惟石(shi)斛凜清虛(xu)純潔(jie)之(zhi)質(zhi),無有(you)此(ci)弊。且胃(wei)為津(jin)液之(zhi)海,胃(wei)津(jin)足則五臟六腑皆得其(qi)(qi)灌溉流益。又腎(shen)(shen)為水臟而主精(jing),腎(shen)(shen)精(jing)充則生(sheng)生(sheng)之(zhi)機(ji)運行不(bu)(bu)息。石(shi)斛入胃(wei)生(sheng)津(jin),入腎(shen)(shen)滋液,無有(you)過其(qi)(qi)右(you)者(zhe)(zhe),故獨選石(shi)斛入于方中。
至于秦艽(jiao)、防(fang)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)兩味祛(qu)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)之品似屬(shu)(shu)不輕,真(zhen)中(zhong)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)為外風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)乘虛襲(xi)入機體,固(gu)當(dang)祛(qu)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)之法。而(er)(er)(er)類(lei)中(zhong)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)為風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)自內(nei)生,多為肝(gan)腎(shen)陰虧(kui),厥陽(yang)化風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng),治當(dang)涵育(yu)滋填,潛鎮攝納,何(he)得亦用風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)藥?徐(xu)靈胎曰:“凡(fan)古圣定病(bing)之名,必指其實。名曰中(zhong)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)則(ze)(ze)其為病(bing)屬(shu)(shu)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)可(ke)知。既為風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)病(bing),則(ze)(ze)主(zhu)病(bing)之方(fang)必以(yi)治風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)為本,故仲景候氏黑(hei)散(san)、風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)引湯(tang)(tang)、防(fang)己(ji)地黃湯(tang)(tang)及唐人大小續命湯(tang)(tang),皆多風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)藥而(er)(er)(er)因(yin)證(zheng)增減。蓋以(yi)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)人經絡(luo),則(ze)(ze)內(nei)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)與外風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)相煽,以(yi)致痰(tan)火一時壅(yong)塞,惟宜先驅(qu)其風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng),續清(qing)痰(tan)火。而(er)(er)(er)后調其氣(qi)血,則(ze)(ze)經脈可(ke)以(yi)漸通。”徐(xu)氏之法為分段治療,層次分明可(ke)師可(ke)法。而(er)(er)(er)余則(ze)(ze)將祛(qu)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)、消(xiao)痰(tan)、清(qing)熱、益氣(qi)之品雜于一方(fang),以(yi)求簡易。
黨參9~24g 茯苓9g 橘(ju)紅(hong)6g 膽南星(xing)4~9g 炙遠志6~9g 石菖(chang)蒲(pu)3~6g 鉤藤15~30g 秦艽9~15g 石斛9~15g 防風6~9g 紅(hong)花3~4.5g 炙草1.5~3g 鮮(xian)竹瀝l~2支(zhi)(沖服(fu))
記憶口訣:偏枯健(jian)全湯,苓(ling)橘南星黨,菖(chang)遠鉤艽(jiao)斛,瀝草(cao)紅花防。
此方使用時,視患者之病(bing)狀,隨證加減之可也。
例一(yi) 金(jin)某(mou),男,退休工人。夙有高血(xue)壓病,于(yu)1971年(nian)11月突然中(zhong)風(feng)(feng),送(song)至(zhi)(zhi)某(mou)區中(zhong)心醫(yi)院(yuan)搶救,繼發嘔血(xue),屢經救治(zhi),始脫危險。歷(li)四閱月,方得(de)出院(yuan)。后邀余診治(zhi),診見半身不遂(sui),上下肢痙攣強直,稍(shao)(shao)(shao)稍(shao)(shao)(shao)活動關節,則(ze)劇痛(tong)不可忍,言語(yu)蹇澀(se)不清(qing),自覺頭腦脹(zhang)熱。脈(mo)澀(se)滯,舌淡紅(hong),苔則(ze)厚膩。顯然類中(zhong)風(feng)(feng)后遺癥(zheng)。中(zhong)風(feng)(feng)之治(zhi)法(fa)已如上述,丹溪主(zhu)乎(hu)(hu)痰,河間主(zhu)乎(hu)(hu)熱,東垣主(zhu)虛(xu),而(er)王清(qing)任則(ze)主(zhu)氣虛(xu)血(xue)瘀。就金(jin)某(mou)脈(mo)癥(zheng)而(er)論(lun),良由肝陽素亢,內風(feng)(feng)暗動,痰濕中(zhong)阻,絡道(dao)痹窒,致左右(you)兩(liang)半身之氣血(xue)運行違其常(chang)度而(er)然。當先行化痰祛風(feng)(feng),用膽(dan)星、半夏(xia)、貝母(mu)、茯(fu)苓、竹瀝、橘紅(hong)、秦艽(jiao)、防風(feng)(feng)、地龍(long)、烏梢蛇等出入(ru)為方,送(song)服(fu)大活絡丸。服(fu)至(zhi)(zhi)1972年(nian)春,漸漸言語(yu)清(qing)朗,患(huan)側手腳亦稍(shao)(shao)(shao)能(neng)活動,可由家(jia)人扶(fu)掖之而(er)躑躅于(yu)室(shi)內,至(zhi)(zhi)初夏(xia),則(ze)可策杖緩行,慢步于(yu)街頭巷尾矣雖左手痙攣之狀未易全除,而(er)精神飲食(shi)均覺健旺。
例二 上(shang)(shang)海某手表廠干部(bu)王某,宿(su)有高血壓病史,1984年年屆(jie)半百(bai),春間于無錫出(chu)差突患(huan)腦(nao)溢血,經無錫市第(di)一(yi)人民(min)醫院搶救脫險,后遺言語蹇澀及半身(shen)不(bu)遂。返滬后邀余診(zhen)視(shi)。患(huan)者(zhe)身(shen)材不(bu)高而形軀(qu)敦實,見證右側(ce)手足不(bu)能(neng)運(yun)動,有輕微抽掣疼痛,關節弛緩而不(bu)強直(zhi),足部(bu)內(nei)翻。面紅色赤,言語不(bu)甚清晰(xi),二便自調,胃納正常。脈小(xiao)滑,舌(she)質淡(dan)紅,舌(she)苔薄白。據上(shang)(shang)述脈證分析(xi),此證屬肝陽挾痰(tan)上(shang)(shang)亢,乘春令木氣(qi)(qi)生發之勢,陽升(sheng)過極而致(zhi)卒中。經治后雖血止神(shen)清,危象已除,然元氣(qi)(qi)暗(an)損,經絡空疏,痰(tan)瘀乘機流(liu)入(ru),膠滯不(bu)解,致(zhi)使隧(sui)道瘀塞,氣(qi)(qi)血難以(yi)運(yun)行,遂成偏(pian)枯(ku)之象。治擬益(yi)氣(qi)(qi)、化痰(tan)、通絡法。內(nei)服方以(yi)“偏(pian)枯(ku)健(jian)全湯”為主方:
黨參24g 茯苓(ling)9g 橘紅6g 膽(dan)星(xing)9g 炙遠(yuan)志9g 石菖蒲9g 鉤(gou)藤30g (后入(ru))秦(qin)艽(jiao)15g 石斛15g 紅花(hua)3g 鮮竹瀝1支(沖入(ru))炙草3g
上(shang)藥每日(ri)服一帖,每隔(ge)七日(ri)復診一次,以察脈證之(zhi)變(bian)化,病情之(zhi)進退而調(diao)整用藥,同(tong)時給(gei)予針刺。取(qu)穴以通(tong)調(diao)血脈、活(huo)利關節、平衡陰陽氣血為主(zhu)旨(zhi)。上(shang)肢所用主(zhu)穴:肩髑、曲池、合谷、陽池。
下(xia)肢所用主穴:環跳、居髂、風市、陽(yang)陵泉、足三里、懸鐘、丘墟、解溪。
另(ling)取廉(lian)泉,一穴二針。進針1.5~2寸深,以利(li)其(qi)言語。
針藥并進(jin)。兩周后(hou)(hou)可在室內緩行(xing),言語(yu)較清,兩月(yue)后(hou)(hou)已可自理生(sheng)活,上(shang)街散步;四個月(yue)后(hou)(hou)上(shang)班復工,直至(zhi)(zhi)退休。至(zhi)(zhi)今十(shi)有余年矣(yi),一向健(jian)康安適。
關于此病調(diao)理之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法,老中醫夏宇(yu)仁先生,生前為余(yu)(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)忘年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)交(jiao)也。曾對余(yu)(yu)曰:其友(you)周某之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)母,年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)五(wu)十余(yu)(yu),中風半身不(bu)遂,治(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)病雖愈,而(er)患肢酸麻(ma)乏(fa)力,恒不(bu)從心。每至秋(qiu)冬之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)交(jiao),周親去鄉間采掘全棵枸杞(qi)數(shu)十株,洗凈陰(yin)干,連根莖葉(xie)花子,一起碾末蜜丸,每日以開水送服(fu)數(shu)克,如此終年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)不(bu)斷,服(fu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)余(yu)(yu)后,肢麻(ma)乏(fa)力、關節酸軟(ruan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)象(xiang)均(jun)失。服(fu)三、四(si)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)精(jing)神倍壯,服(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)十余(yu)(yu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),已在古稀(xi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)外,卻如五(wu)、六十歲之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人,可(ke)謂(wei)得(de)其功效(xiao)矣(yi)。
本文地(di)址://n85e38t.cn/zhongyibook/92916.html.
聲明: 我(wo)們(men)致力于(yu)(yu)保護作者版權(quan),注重分享,被(bei)刊(kan)用文(wen)章因無法核實真實出(chu)處(chu),未能及時(shi)(shi)與(yu)作者取得(de)聯系,或有版權(quan)異議的(de),請(qing)聯系管理(li)員,我(wo)們(men)會立(li)即處(chu)理(li),本站部分文(wen)字與(yu)圖片(pian)資源來(lai)自于(yu)(yu)網(wang)絡(luo),轉載是出(chu)于(yu)(yu)傳遞(di)更(geng)多信息之(zhi)目(mu)的(de),若有來(lai)源標注錯(cuo)誤或侵犯了您的(de)合(he)法權(quan)益,請(qing)立(li)即通知(zhi)我(wo)們(men)(管理(li)員郵箱(xiang):),情況屬實,我(wo)們(men)會第(di)一時(shi)(shi)間予(yu)以刪除(chu),并同(tong)時(shi)(shi)向您表示歉意,謝謝!