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什么是睡眠病呢,環境問題會導致睡不著嗎(睡眠不好是怎么回事?)

夕陽紅 2023-07-04 06:54:54

一、睡眠病是(shi)什么意思

1995年由中(zhong)(zhong)華精神(shen)科學(xue)會制訂(ding)、通(tong)過的(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)國精神(shen)疾(ji)患(huan)分(fen)(fen)類和(he)(he)(he)診(zhen)斷(duan)(duan)標準(zhun)第(di)二版(ban)修訂(ding)本(CCMD-2-R)中(zhong)(zhong)有“睡(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)眠(mian)(mian)與覺(jue)醒(xing)障礙(ai)”一節(jie),這是國內(nei)現行(xing)的(de)(de)、比(bi)較權威的(de)(de)分(fen)(fen)類和(he)(he)(he)診(zhen)斷(duan)(duan)標準(zhun),現在(zai)(zai)節(jie)錄如(ru)(ru)下:(1)失(shi)眠(mian)(mian)癥(zheng)指持(chi)續相當長時(shi)間(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)對睡(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)眠(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)質和(he)(he)(he)量不(bu)滿(man)意的(de)(de)狀況,不(bu)能以(yi)統(tong)計(ji)上的(de)(de)正(zheng)常睡(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)眠(mian)(mian)時(shi)間(jian)(jian)作(zuo)(zuo)為診(zhen)斷(duan)(duan)失(shi)眠(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)主要(yao)標準(zhun)。對失(shi)眠(mian)(mian)有憂慮(lv)或(huo)恐(kong)懼心理可形成(cheng)惡性循(xun)環,從而(er)使(shi)癥(zheng)狀持(chi)續存在(zai)(zai)。(2)嗜睡(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)癥(zheng)白天睡(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)眠(mian)(mian)過多,并非睡(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)眠(mian)(mian)不(bu)足所(suo)致(zhi)(zhi),不(bu)是藥物、腦器(qi)質性疾(ji)病或(huo)軀體疾(ji)病所(suo)致(zhi)(zhi),也(ye)不(bu)是某種(zhong)精神(shen)障礙(ai)(如(ru)(ru)神(shen)經衰弱、抑郁癥(zheng))的(de)(de)一部分(fen)(fen)。(3)睡(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)行(xing)癥(zheng)通(tong)常出(chu)現在(zai)(zai)睡(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)眠(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)前(qian)1/3段的(de)(de)深睡(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)期,起床(chuang)在(zai)(zai)室內(nei)或(huo)戶(hu)外(wai)行(xing)走,或(huo)同時(shi)做些白天的(de)(de)常規(gui)活動(dong)(dong),一般沒有語言活動(dong)(dong),詢問也(ye)不(bu)回答,多能自動(dong)(dong)回到(dao)床(chuang)上繼續睡(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)覺(jue),次晨醒(xing)來不(bu)能回憶,多見于兒童少(shao)年。(4)夜驚幼(you)兒在(zai)(zai)睡(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)眠(mian)(mian)中(zhong)(zhong)突(tu)然驚叫、哭(ku)喊(han),伴有驚恐(kong)表(biao)情和(he)(he)(he)動(dong)(dong)作(zuo)(zuo),以(yi)及心率(lv)增快、呼吸急促、出(chu)汗、瞳孔擴大等植物神(shen)經癥(zheng)狀。通(tong)常在(zai)(zai)晚間(jian)(jian)睡(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)眠(mian)(mian)后較短時(shi)間(jian)(jian)內(nei)發(fa)作(zuo)(zuo),每次發(fa)作(zuo)(zuo)持(chi)續1~10分(fen)(fen)鐘(zhong)。(5)夢魘從睡(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)眠(mian)(mian)中(zhong)(zhong)為噩夢突(tu)然驚醒(xing),對夢境(jing)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)恐(kong)怖內(nei)容(rong)能清晰回憶,猶心有余(yu)悸。通(tong)常在(zai)(zai)晚間(jian)(jian)睡(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)眠(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)后期發(fa)作(zuo)(zuo)。

二、睡眠(mian)環境變化會引起(qi)失眠(mian)嗎

雙休日找一(yi)個(ge)(ge)山明水(shui)秀、景(jing)色宜(yi)人(ren)的(de)(de)旅游景(jing)點(dian)去放松(song)一(yi)下(xia)是(shi)(shi)(shi)現代都市人(ren)的(de)(de)向(xiang)往,可(ke)是(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)些人(ren)到了(le)夜(ye)(ye)晚,盡管(guan)夜(ye)(ye)闌人(ren)靜,無車響人(ren)聲(sheng),也(ye)無燈(deng)光噪音,卻了(le)無睡意,躺了(le)2~3個(ge)(ge)小時(shi)(shi),頭(tou)(tou)腦反而越來越清醒,豈非咄(duo)咄(duo)怪(guai)事!其實說怪(guai)也(ye)并不(bu)(bu)(bu)怪(guai),因為居住(zhu)環(huan)境對(dui)人(ren)們的(de)(de)睡眠(mian)實在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)是(shi)(shi)(shi)太(tai)重要(yao)了(le),一(yi)個(ge)(ge)人(ren)總(zong)是(shi)(shi)(shi)習(xi)慣于自己(ji)熟悉的(de)(de)睡眠(mian)環(huan)境。在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)熟悉的(de)(de)環(huan)境里(li),身體(ti)的(de)(de)觸覺(jue)(jue)(jue)、嗅(xiu)覺(jue)(jue)(jue)、聽覺(jue)(jue)(jue)、視覺(jue)(jue)(jue)等等感(gan)覺(jue)(jue)(jue)都恰(qia)到好處,毫無隔閡(he),因而躺在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)床(chuang)上(shang)很(hen)(hen)快就(jiu)(jiu)能入(ru)(ru)睡。如果(guo)睡眠(mian)環(huan)境變化了(le),哪(na)一(yi)部分(fen)的(de)(de)感(gan)覺(jue)(jue)(jue)不(bu)(bu)(bu)適應了(le)都會造成失眠(mian)的(de)(de)后果(guo)。這(zhe)(zhe)種例子(zi)(zi)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)說是(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)勝(sheng)枚舉的(de)(de),比(bi)如在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)家(jia)里(li)哪(na)怕附近有(you)鐵道,夜(ye)(ye)間頻(pin)頻(pin)駛過的(de)(de)火車隆隆聲(sheng),甚至(zhi)鳴叫(jiao)的(de)(de)汽笛聲(sheng),都不(bu)(bu)(bu)會把(ba)人(ren)吵醒;可(ke)是(shi)(shi)(shi)當你睡在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)賓館里(li),就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)衛生間水(shui)管(guan)中漏水(shui)的(de)(de)滴答聲(sheng)、空調的(de)(de)咝(si)咝(si)聲(sheng)、暖壺里(li)發(fa)出(chu)的(de)(de)小噪音都會使(shi)你不(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)安(an)寧、焦慮不(bu)(bu)(bu)安(an)、難以(yi)(yi)入(ru)(ru)睡。這(zhe)(zhe)是(shi)(shi)(shi)聽覺(jue)(jue)(jue)不(bu)(bu)(bu)適應的(de)(de)例子(zi)(zi)。觸覺(jue)(jue)(jue)的(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)(bu)適應也(ye)很(hen)(hen)突出(chu),在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)家(jia)里(li),床(chuang)鋪不(bu)(bu)(bu)論是(shi)(shi)(shi)軟是(shi)(shi)(shi)硬(ying),枕(zhen)頭(tou)(tou)芯不(bu)(bu)(bu)管(guan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)羽(yu)絨的(de)(de)還(huan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)蕎麥(mai)皮的(de)(de),被子(zi)(zi)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)厚是(shi)(shi)(shi)薄,都不(bu)(bu)(bu)會影響入(ru)(ru)睡;可(ke)是(shi)(shi)(shi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)賓館里(li),盡管(guan)枕(zhen)頭(tou)(tou)十分(fen)柔軟,床(chuang)鋪整潔平(ping)滑,毛毯細(xi)軟輕柔,睡在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)床(chuang)上(shang)總(zong)覺(jue)(jue)(jue)得(de)不(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)太(tai)冷就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)太(tai)熱,不(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)太(tai)軟就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)太(tai)硬(ying),不(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)太(tai)薄就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)太(tai)厚,這(zhe)(zhe)種觸覺(jue)(jue)(jue)和(he)家(jia)里(li)全然(ran)不(bu)(bu)(bu)同,結果(guo)就(jiu)(jiu)造成了(le)失眠(mian)。當然(ran)這(zhe)(zhe)種現象只發(fa)生在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)很(hen)(hen)少一(yi)部分(fen)人(ren)身上(shang),但是(shi)(shi)(shi)年齡(ling)偏大的(de)(de),神經類(lei)型不(bu)(bu)(bu)太(tai)穩定(ding)的(de)(de),平(ping)時(shi)(shi)比(bi)較(jiao)容易興奮(fen)的(de)(de)人(ren)就(jiu)(jiu)得(de)加以(yi)(yi)注意,至(zhi)少在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)雙休日準(zhun)備外出(chu)旅游之(zhi)前(qian)應當有(you)個(ge)(ge)思想準(zhun)備,這(zhe)(zhe)樣才會享受一(yi)個(ge)(ge)真正松(song)弛的(de)(de)、愉(yu)快的(de)(de)假期。

三、好(hao)睡眠需要(yao)好(hao)營養

牛(niu)奶(nai)牛(niu)奶(nai)營(ying)(ying)養(yang)豐富(fu)(fu)(fu)、容易消化吸收,被稱為(wei)“白色(se)血液”,是最理想的(de)(de)(de)(de)天然食(shi)品。從中(zhong)(zhong)醫的(de)(de)(de)(de)角度它(ta)具(ju)有(you)養(yang)心肺、補氣血等(deng)功效(xiao)(xiao),對神(shen)經衰弱(ruo)、失眠(mian)(mian)(mian)患者有(you)較好(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)安(an)眠(mian)(mian)(mian)之(zhi)效(xiao)(xiao)。牛(niu)奶(nai)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)鎂(mei)能(neng)(neng)緩解心臟和(he)神(shen)經系(xi)統疲勞;其(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)一種(zhong)(zhong)人(ren)體必需氨(an)基酸(suan)——色(se)氨(an)酸(suan),是制(zhi)造五羥色(se)胺(an)的(de)(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)料,而五羥色(se)胺(an)能(neng)(neng)使大(da)(da)(da)腦(nao)思維活動(dong)受限制(zhi)而進入(ru)安(an)睡(shui)狀態。失眠(mian)(mian)(mian)者臨睡(shui)前飲上一杯(bei)溫(wen)熱牛(niu)奶(nai)有(you)安(an)眠(mian)(mian)(mian)、鎮靜之(zhi)效(xiao)(xiao)。小米除含(han)豐富(fu)(fu)(fu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)營(ying)(ying)養(yang)成(cheng)分(fen)(fen)外(wai),小米中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)色(se)氨(an)酸(suan)含(han)量(liang)為(wei)谷類之(zhi)首,色(se)氨(an)酸(suan)能(neng)(neng)促(cu)進大(da)(da)(da)腦(nao)神(shen)經細(xi)胞分(fen)(fen)泌出五羥色(se)胺(an),使大(da)(da)(da)腦(nao)思維活動(dong)受到暫時抑(yi)制(zhi),使人(ren)產生(sheng)(sheng)困倦感。中(zhong)(zhong)醫認為(wei)它(ta)性微寒,有(you)“健胃、和(he)脾、安(an)眠(mian)(mian)(mian)”之(zhi)功效(xiao)(xiao),能(neng)(neng)治陽盛(sheng)陰虛,夜(ye)不(bu)(bu)得眠(mian)(mian)(mian)。食(shi)法:取小米適量(liang),加(jia)水煮(zhu)粥(zhou),或(huo)(huo)加(jia)少量(liang)大(da)(da)(da)棗(zao)熬成(cheng)小米大(da)(da)(da)棗(zao)粥(zhou),晚餐食(shi)用(yong)或(huo)(huo)睡(shui)前半小時食(shi)用(yong)。蓮(lian)子百(bai)(bai)合粥(zhou)蓮(lian)子為(wei)睡(shui)蓮(lian)科(ke)多(duo)年水生(sheng)(sheng)草本(ben)植物蓮(lian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)熟(shu)種(zhong)(zhong)子,其(qi)(qi)味清(qing)香(xiang),營(ying)(ying)養(yang)豐富(fu)(fu)(fu),100g蓮(lian)子中(zhong)(zhong)含(han)碳水化合物67.2g,蛋(dan)白質(zhi)17.2g,脂肪(fang)才2g,且鈣(gai)、磷、鎂(mei)等(deng)微量(liang)元素(su)(su)的(de)(de)(de)(de)含(han)量(liang)也(ye)很(hen)高。中(zhong)(zhong)醫認為(wei)蓮(lian)肉熟(shu)食(shi)能(neng)(neng)厚腸胃,善(shan)治心悸、失眠(mian)(mian)(mian)等(deng)癥,蓮(lian)子心帶(dai)有(you)苦味,善(shan)治心神(shen)不(bu)(bu)寧,神(shen)經衰弱(ruo)引起的(de)(de)(de)(de)失眠(mian)(mian)(mian)多(duo)夢等(deng)癥。百(bai)(bai)合內富(fu)(fu)(fu)含(han)淀粉、蛋(dan)白質(zhi)、鈣(gai)、鐵、維生(sheng)(sheng)素(su)(su)B1、維生(sheng)(sheng)素(su)(su)B2、葉酸(suan)等(deng)。藥理研(yan)究證明,百(bai)(bai)合不(bu)(bu)僅有(you)良好(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)營(ying)(ying)養(yang)滋補作用(yong),且有(you)潤肺、抗癌(ai)、調節免疫機能(neng)(neng)功效(xiao)(xiao),對于多(duo)種(zhong)(zhong)因(yin)病后體虛、神(shen)經官能(neng)(neng)癥而導致失眠(mian)(mian)(mian)患者有(you)益。食(shi)用(yong)方(fang)法:將百(bai)(bai)合15g去雜(za)、洗凈,掰(bai)成(cheng)小片,放入(ru)大(da)(da)(da)米60g煮(zhu)粥(zhou),八(ba)成(cheng)熟(shu)時加(jia)入(ru)蓮(lian)子30g、冰糖30g,再煮(zhu)至(zhi)粥(zhou)熟(shu)即(ji)成(cheng)。每(mei)日可吃2-3次。全麥(mai)面包它(ta)含(han)有(you)豐富(fu)(fu)(fu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)維生(sheng)(sheng)素(su)(su)族,具(ju)有(you)維持神(shen)經系(xi)統健康(kang)、消除煩躁不(bu)(bu)安(an)、促(cu)進睡(shui)眠(mian)(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)作用(yong)。

四、頭痛如何影(ying)響(xiang)睡眠

頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)痛(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)是個常(chang)(chang)見癥狀(zhuang),而不是一(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)病(bing)。可(ke)以說90%的(de)人(ren)在(zai)(zai)一(yi)生中都曾經(jing)體(ti)(ti)驗過(guo)(guo)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)痛(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)。頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)痛(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)和(he)失(shi)眠(mian)的(de)關(guan)系很密(mi)切(qie)(qie),我們可(ke)以用(yong)三種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)痛(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)具體(ti)(ti)表現(xian)(xian)來看(kan)看(kan)怎樣影(ying)響睡(shui)眠(mian)的(de)。第(di)(di)(di)一(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)是神經(jing)性(xing)(xing)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)痛(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong),在(zai)(zai)國外稱(cheng)為(wei)緊張(zhang)性(xing)(xing)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)痛(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong),原因可(ke)能(neng)由于(yu)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)頂(ding)部(bu)(bu)、頸部(bu)(bu)、顳部(bu)(bu)肌肉過(guo)(guo)分收縮或(huo)(huo)痙攣,或(huo)(huo)是工作(zuo)(zuo)過(guo)(guo)度疲勞,或(huo)(huo)是心情壓(ya)抑所致。病(bing)人(ren)幾乎每(mei)(mei)天都覺得頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)部(bu)(bu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)沉,像有(you)東西壓(ya)在(zai)(zai)上(shang)面(mian)或(huo)(huo)是頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)頂(ding)被東西箍著,痛(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)并不很嚴(yan)重可(ke)是使人(ren)感到不舒(shu)服(fu),昏昏沉沉,“頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)腦(nao)不清醒(xing)”。通常(chang)(chang)不會(hui)引起惡(e)心、嘔吐(tu)。痛(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)總是在(zai)(zai)下午加重,到晚間又減輕(qing)些,可(ke)是精神卻相(xiang)對(dui)興奮起來,病(bing)人(ren)往(wang)往(wang)有(you)焦(jiao)慮情緒,所以入(ru)睡(shui)困難十分常(chang)(chang)見。這(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)情況過(guo)(guo)去經(jing)常(chang)(chang)被診斷為(wei)神經(jing)衰弱。第(di)(di)(di)二種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)是偏(pian)(pian)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)痛(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong),這(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)痛(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)以年輕(qing)女性(xing)(xing)較易患,是一(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)陣發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)性(xing)(xing)、發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)作(zuo)(zuo)性(xing)(xing)的(de)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)痛(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)。病(bing)人(ren)在(zai)(zai)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)痛(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)前可(ke)以出(chu)現(xian)(xian)視力(li)先兆(zhao),如眼(yan)前冒金星(xing)、出(chu)現(xian)(xian)水波紋或(huo)(huo)城(cheng)垛狀(zhuang)圖像等,過(guo)(guo)20~30分鐘后就(jiu)出(chu)現(xian)(xian)劇烈頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)痛(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong),視覺先兆(zhao)卻消(xiao)失(shi)了。頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)痛(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)可(ke)位于(yu)一(yi)側(ce)或(huo)(huo)兩側(ce),從(cong)眼(yan)眶(kuang)、太陽穴(xue)一(yi)直延(yan)伸到整個頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)部(bu)(bu),很劇烈,像火燒、像刀(dao)割、像血(xue)管跳動(dong),同時(shi)(shi)怕(pa)光線,怕(pa)人(ren)聲,最嚴(yan)重時(shi)(shi)出(chu)現(xian)(xian)惡(e)心嘔吐(tu)。每(mei)(mei)次(ci)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)作(zuo)(zuo)持續(xu)4小時(shi)(shi)左右,最長可(ke)達2~3天。發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)作(zuo)(zuo)間隔期限不等,有(you)的(de)一(yi)個月(yue)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)一(yi)次(ci),有(you)的(de)2~3個月(yue)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)一(yi)次(ci),但(dan)也有(you)每(mei)(mei)星(xing)期發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)作(zuo)(zuo)的(de)。有(you)先兆(zhao)的(de)偏(pian)(pian)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)痛(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)稱(cheng)為(wei)先兆(zhao)型(xing)(xing)偏(pian)(pian)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)痛(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong),沒有(you)視力(li)先兆(zhao)的(de)稱(cheng)為(wei)無先兆(zhao)型(xing)(xing)或(huo)(huo)普(pu)通型(xing)(xing)偏(pian)(pian)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)痛(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)。在(zai)(zai)偏(pian)(pian)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)痛(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)作(zuo)(zuo)時(shi)(shi)睡(shui)眠(mian)非常(chang)(chang)困難,常(chang)(chang)常(chang)(chang)失(shi)眠(mian),有(you)的(de)病(bing)人(ren)用(yong)安眠(mian)藥睡(shui)一(yi)覺,頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)痛(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)可(ke)以消(xiao)失(shi),所以偏(pian)(pian)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)痛(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)和(he)失(shi)眠(mian)關(guan)系密(mi)切(qie)(qie)。第(di)(di)(di)三種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)稱(cheng)為(wei)叢集性(xing)(xing)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)痛(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong),以壯年男性(xing)(xing)為(wei)多。這(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)痛(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)常(chang)(chang)常(chang)(chang)在(zai)(zai)春、秋季(ji)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)作(zuo)(zuo),而且(qie)每(mei)(mei)年發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)作(zuo)(zuo)的(de)時(shi)(shi)間相(xiang)當固定,如每(mei)(mei)年10月(yue)的(de)第(di)(di)(di)2周(zhou)或(huo)(huo)3月(yue)的(de)第(di)(di)(di)3周(zhou)等。發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)作(zuo)(zuo)都在(zai)(zai)半夜(ye),一(yi)側(ce)痛(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)為(wei)主,痛(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)得用(yong)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)撞墻、抱(bao)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)下地(di)亂走,但(dan)劇痛(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)1~2個小時(shi)(shi)后會(hui)突然消(xiao)失(shi)。這(zhe)樣的(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)作(zuo)(zuo)當然使人(ren)無法(fa)入(ru)睡(shui),幸虧每(mei)(mei)次(ci)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)作(zuo)(zuo)只有(you)10天左右,但(dan)也足以影(ying)響睡(shui)眠(mian)了。

睡眠不好是怎么(me)回(hui)事(shi)?

長期睡眠不好會引發失眠癥的發生,同時,睡眠不好也是失眠的表現。其實,在我們的生活中導致失眠的原因很多,主要和人們不良的生活習慣、工作壓力大以及精神緊張等相關。睡眠不好的原因有哪些,睡眠不好又應該如何調理呢。

一、睡眠不好的原因

1、生活習慣:

某些習慣可能在不知不覺中影響您的睡眠。例如在下午或晚上喝了含咖啡因的飲料,睡前運動或是從事一些用腦力的工作等。另外像如果在睡前喝大量的酒,反而會造成容易斷眠的現象。環境因素:例如房間太冷或太熱,太吵或太亮,這些因素都可能影響睡眠。另外像枕邊人的問題,也可能成為您的問題,例如像打鼾聲太大等。

2、睡眠環境因素:

失眠原因有的人只習慣在固定的環境中睡眠,換間房、換張床便睡不著。老年人對環境改變的適應能力往往更差。噪音、強光、寒冷、炎熱、床鋪不舒適、擠著睡以及跳蚤、臭蟲、蚊子、老鼠等外界因素,都妨礙睡眠。

3、各種軀體疾病都可能妨礙睡眠:

潰瘍病的上腹部疼痛常于深夜發作,將病人痛醒;心絞痛也每于睡夢中發作;心力衰竭時的體位性呼吸困難使病人無法平臥,并難以入眠;甲狀腺機能亢進的病人常于睡夢中驚醒,心悸,恐懼,出汗;糖尿病患者夜間尿多,常常起床小便,神經衰弱的癥狀無法睡得安穩。其它如哮喘病、關節炎、過敏性腸絞痛;任何疼痛、瘙癢、腹脹、便秘、尿潴留等均能引起失眠。

4、精神心理因素:

當代人面臨巨大的工作壓力,導致身心疲憊,精神緊張等情緒,還有就是患有精神心理疾病的人,焦慮不安、抑郁等也會導致晚上睡眠不好,失眠的發生。

二、睡眠不好如何調理

如果你總是出現睡眠不好的情況,不妨試一試下面這些方法,相信能夠得到很好的效果哦。

1、改掉仰臥的習慣

仰臥是最常見的睡覺姿勢。采用這種睡姿,身體和下肢只能固定在伸直部位,不能達到全身休息的目的。在腹腔內壓力增高時,仰臥容易使人產生胸悶、憋得慌的感覺。

仰臥還會自覺不自覺地把手放在胸前,使心肺受壓,容易做噩夢。打鼾和有呼吸道疾病的人,最好不要采用這種睡法。

俯臥睡覺時,全身大部分重量壓在肋骨和腹部,使胸部和橫膈膜受壓,影響呼吸,加重心臟負荷。俯臥還會增加腰椎弧度,導致脊椎后方的小關節受壓。

最佳睡眠姿勢:右側臥。

2、采取雙腿彎屈朝右側臥吧

將雙腿彎曲右側睡的睡眠姿勢能夠讓我們更輕松入眠,這是為什么呢?

正確的睡覺姿勢應該是雙腿彎屈朝右側臥。這是因為心臟偏左側,右側臥時心臟受壓小,有助于血液自由循環,能更好地新陳代謝。

而且胃內食物借重力作用,朝十二指腸推進,可促進消化吸收。但側臥要注意睡的枕頭不宜太低,否則會使頸部感到不適。

側臥睡眠小貼士:頭足的朝向,以東西向為宜,避免頭北腳南。

3、寫日記

思考或進行緊張活動,可以使人體釋放應激激素,產生警覺性。但將壓力寫入日記可以幫助我們爬上床時忘卻躁動。

研究表明某些類型的日志使我們專注于生活中積極而不是消極的方面。

4、創造舒適環境

舒適的睡眠環境同樣可以幫助我們更好的入睡。

無論是挑選完美床墊,好好花上一筆買張800針的床單,買上嚴實窗簾遮擋光線,還是在房間里置上風扇作為背景音,上床前要保證床舒適溫馨。

和同伴共睡一張床嗎?那就和你同伴一起做些變動,讓大家都睡好。

5、補覺

過去幾晚(wan)熬夜太(tai)晚(wan)了?那今晚(wan)就補個覺多睡一小時吧(ba),這(zhe)樣才能重振旗鼓呦。

哪些環境因素(su)會引起失眠

失眠的原因有哪些,任何可引起大腦中樞神經興奮性增加的因素都可能成為失眠的原因。

環境因素:是引發失眠的最常見原因之一,居住環境噪雜、住房擁擠、臥具不舒適、空氣污染或者突然改變睡眠的環境,噪聲、強光的刺激,氣溫的過冷或者過熱,以及蚊蟲的侵擾都會影響睡眠而出現失眠。

行為因素:不良的生活習慣生活無規律,入睡無定時,過度娛樂,以及跨時區的時差反應等,均可以引起體內生物鐘節奏的變化而出現失眠。另外,飲食過饑過飽、疲勞興奮等,也可引起失眠。

疾病因素:任何軀體的不適均可導致失眠,失眠與很多疾病有關,或者說有不少疾病會引起失眠。失眠往往是一種表象,其背后常常隱藏著其他疾病。如感冒,咳嗽等。

精神因素:精神因素是引起失眠的主要原因。生活和工作中的各種壓力或不愉快事件導致焦慮、憂愁、過度興奮、憤怒,持續的精神創傷導致的悲傷、恐懼等,均可引起失眠或者加重失眠。

年齡因素:失眠與年齡密切相關,年齡越大越容易失眠,老年人入睡時間往往較長,加上夜尿多,睡眠淺,易醒等原因,因此老年人失眠的發生率比年輕人要高得多。

藥物(wu)(wu)和嗜酒因素:藥物(wu)(wu)是引起(qi)失眠的另(ling)一(yi)禍首,有(you)些失眠純粹是由藥物(wu)(wu)引起(qi)的,即藥源性失眠。藥物(wu)(wu)對(dui)胃(wei)有(you)刺激(ji)的藥,以及中樞(shu)興奮藥等。另(ling)外,長(chang)期服用(yong)安眠藥,一(yi)旦(dan)戒(jie)斷(duan)會有(you)戒(jie)斷(duan)癥狀。

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