五行即金(jin)、木、水、火(huo)、土(tu)五種物質,也可(ke)稱之為五神元(yuan)素(su)。在中(zhong)國古代的(de)認(ren)識觀念中(zhong),五行是構成天地(di)萬物的(de)的(de)基本元(yuan)素(su)。
王(wang)充(chong)(chong)認為,一個人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)命(ming)(ming)運(yun)的(de)(de)好壞,是(shi)由他初(chu)(chu)生(sheng)時(shi)(shi)所(suo)稟(bing)(bing)賦(fu)的(de)(de)五行所(suo)決(jue)定的(de)(de)。《論衡(heng)?初(chu)(chu)稟(bing)(bing)篇》中云:“人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)生(sheng)性(xing)命(ming)(ming)當(dang)富(fu)貴(gui)者,初(chu)(chu)稟(bing)(bing)自(zi)然之(zhi)氣,養育長(chang)(chang)大,富(fu)貴(gui)之(zhi)命(ming)(ming)效矣(yi)。……命(ming)(ming)謂初(chu)(chu)東得而生(sheng)也。人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)生(sheng)受(shou)(shou)(shou)性(xing)則受(shou)(shou)(shou)命(ming)(ming)矣(yi),性(xing)命(ming)(ming)俱稟(bing)(bing),同時(shi)(shi)并得,非先稟(bing)(bing)性(xing),后乃受(shou)(shou)(shou)命(ming)(ming)也。”性(xing)和(he)命(ming)(ming)同時(shi)(shi)得之(zhi)于初(chu)(chu)生(sheng)的(de)(de)樂賦(fu),沒有先后之(zhi)分。《命(ming)(ming)義諗》又(you)云凡人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)受(shou)(shou)(shou)命(ming)(ming),在(zai)父母施氣之(zhi)時(shi)(shi),已得吉兇矣(yi)。……富(fu)貴(gui)貧賤皆在(zai)初(chu)(chu)稟(bing)(bing)之(zhi)時(shi)(shi),不在(zai)長(chang)(chang)大之(zhi)后隨操行而至也。”在(zai)王(wang)充(chong)(chong)看來,人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)在(zai)接受(shou)(shou)(shou)父母之(zhi)氣即孕育時(shi)(shi),已注(zhu)定了一生(sheng)的(de)(de)富(fu)貴(gui)或貧賤,而不是(shi)在(zai)出生(sheng)后的(de)(de)成(cheng)長(chang)(chang)過程中由于品德(de)、行為的(de)(de)好壞所(suo)決(jue)定的(de)(de)。
《古人(ren)(ren)(ren)名人(ren)(ren)(ren)命鑒(jian)》說:“人(ren)(ren)(ren)身由(you)(you)五行(xing)和合而成之(zhi)原理,固無可(ke)非(fei)難也。人(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)所稟五行(xing)固無可(ke)見,然可(ke)征之(zhi)于聲(sheng),征之(zhi)于氣。”五行(xing)的觀念把人(ren)(ren)(ren)生與五種(zhong)(zhong)元素緊密聯系起來,認為人(ren)(ren)(ren)是由(you)(you)這(zhe)五種(zhong)(zhong)元素組合而成,只是由(you)(you)于初生時所稟賦的某種(zhong)(zhong)五行(xing)的多寡(gua)而變化(hua)。
中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國古(gu)代的(de)(de)推命術士根據五行的(de)(de)觀(guan)念,以人的(de)(de)出(chu)生(sheng)日所對應(ying)的(de)(de)五行來論斷其命運的(de)(de)宜(yi)忌。如出(chu)生(sheng)日屬木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)人,.應(ying)辨(bian)別木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)勢(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)盛衰(shuai)。年柱(zhu)、月柱(zhu)和時(shi)(shi)柱(zhu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)若含(han)有(you)(you)的(de)(de)木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)較重,而且水(shui)多(duo),則(ze)是盛旺命勢(shi)(shi)。這時(shi)(shi),希望(wang)三(san)柱(zhu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有(you)(you)金來克(ke)木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu),以削(xue)弱(ruo)(ruo)木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)勢(shi)(shi)。若三(san)柱(zhu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)所含(han)的(de)(de)金少,則(ze)希望(wang)有(you)(you)土(tu)來生(sheng)金。日柱(zhu)(出(chu)生(sheng)日所對應(ying)的(de)(de)干(gan)支)的(de)(de)木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)為弱(ruo)(ruo)勢(shi)(shi),便不宜(yi)有(you)(you)過多(duo)的(de)(de)金。金多(duo)則(ze)木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)弱(ruo)(ruo),其他三(san)柱(zhu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)應(ying)有(you)(you)火(huo)來克(ke)金。火(huo)若少,則(ze)希望(wang)有(you)(you)木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)來生(sheng)火(huo)。四柱(zhu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)水(shui)若多(duo),則(ze)日主的(de)(de)木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)勢(shi)(shi)就(jiu)會(hui)變得(de)漂浮,應(ying)有(you)(you)土(tu)來制水(shui),或有(you)(you)火(huo)來削(xue)弱(ruo)(ruo)水(shui)勢(shi)(shi)。當四柱(zhu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)土(tu)較重時(shi)(shi),則(ze)會(hui)削(xue)弱(ruo)(ruo)日主的(de)(de)木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)勢(shi)(shi)。這時(shi)(shi),要取(qu)(qu)(qu)木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)來克(ke)土(tu),取(qu)(qu)(qu)水(shui)來泄土(tu)。四柱(zhu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)不宜(yi)有(you)(you)過多(duo)的(de)(de)火(huo),多(duo)則(ze)木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)焚(fen)。便須(xu)取(qu)(qu)(qu)水(shui)來克(ke)制火(huo)勢(shi)(shi),或取(qu)(qu)(qu)金來泄弱(ruo)(ruo)火(huo)勢(shi)(shi),使(shi)日主的(de)(de)木(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)保(bao)持中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)和狀態。
以上叫做正五(wu)行(xing)。此外,還有(you)一種“納(na)音五(wu)行(xing)”,古(gu)代的(de)推命術(shu)士常以此來定人的(de)命。
壬戌(xu)癸(gui)亥(hai)大海水這種納(na)音五(wu)行(xing)是以天干(gan)與地支的(de)配合情(qing)況來確定的(de)。江(jiang)湖(hu)術士在(zai)給(gei)人算命(ming)(ming)時,常常說(shuo)某(mou)人之命(ming)(ming)是爐中火(huo)或松柏木(mu)等,似(si)乎屬(shu)于爐中火(huo)的(de)命(ming)(ming)要(yao)比復燈火(huo)、山下火(huo)等要(yao)好,這是毫無根據(ju)的(de)謬論(lun),既便是按照推命(ming)(ming)術的(de)五(wu)行(xing)觀念理(li)論(lun)來推斷,這種說(shuo)法也不能成立。
五行的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)克(ke)(ke)關系有(you)二:相生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng):木(mu)(mu)(mu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)火(huo),火(huo)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)土(tu),土(tu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)金(jin),金(jin)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)水,水生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)木(mu)(mu)(mu)。相克(ke)(ke):木(mu)(mu)(mu)克(ke)(ke)土(tu),土(tu)克(ke)(ke)水,水克(ke)(ke)火(huo),火(huo)克(ke)(ke)金(jin),金(jin)克(ke)(ke)木(mu)(mu)(mu)。五行的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)克(ke)(ke)關系實(shi)際上(shang)是一(yi)種自(zi)然界的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)物(wu)庳屬性,與人的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)命運沒有(you)必然的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)聯系。八字推命術的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基礎是建立在五行觀念(nian)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),它將人一(yi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)變(bian)化和(he)際遇附(fu)著于五種物(wu)質(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)自(zi)然屬性之(zhi)上(shang),以這些物(wu)質(zhi)之(zhi)間的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關系來判斷人的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),因而其(qi)出發點、思維過程(cheng)和(he)推導的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)結論(lun),均是荒(huang)謬的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)悖論(lun)。
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