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五行屬火:論五行火的特性(丙火、丁火)

國學小客堂 2023-06-19 17:07:22

五行屬火:論五行火的特性

炎炎真火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo),位鎮南方,故(gu)火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)無(wu)(wu)不(bu)明之(zhi)理(li)。輝光(guang)不(bu)久,全要伏藏,故(gu)明無(wu)(wu)不(bu)滅之(zhi)象(xiang)。火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)以(yi)木(mu)為(wei)體,無(wu)(wu)木(mu),則火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)不(bu)長(chang)焰;火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)以(yi)水(shui)(shui)為(wei)用,無(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui),則火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)太酷烈(lie),故(gu)火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)多則不(bu)實;火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)烈(lie)則傷物,木(mu)能藏火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo),到寅(yin)卯方而(er)生火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo);不(bu)利于西,遇申酉而(er)必死;生居離(li)位,果斷(duan)有(you)為(wei);若居坎宮,謹畏守禮(li)。

徐樂吾(wu)曰:總論火(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。南(nan)方者(zhe),巳午未離(li)(li)位也(ye),火(huo)(huo)之(zhi)(zhi)本質為(wei)熱與光(guang),以木(mu)為(wei)主體,則火(huo)(huo)有(you)(you)所附麗,而顯(xian)其光(guang)輝之(zhi)(zhi)德。以水為(wei)對象(xiang),則火(huo)(huo)有(you)(you)蒸(zheng)發之(zhi)(zhi)象(xiang),而顯(xian)其炎烈之(zhi)(zhi)用。丙(bing)火(huo)(huo)生(sheng)(sheng)旺(wang),不(bu)離(li)(li)壬水;丁(ding)(ding)火(huo)(huo)衰微,不(bu)離(li)(li)甲木(mu),其性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)不(bu)同(tong),故(gu)可長思也(ye)。火(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)炎上(shang),行(xing)(xing)于東(dong)南(nan),順火(huo)(huo)之(zhi)(zhi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),則有(you)(you)欣欣向(xiang)榮之(zhi)(zhi)象(xiang)。行(xing)(xing)于西(xi)北,逆火(huo)(huo)之(zhi)(zhi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),漸次息絕。故(gu)丙(bing)丁(ding)(ding)之(zhi)(zhi)用雖(sui)不(bu)同(tong),而其性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)則同(tong),故(gu)生(sheng)(sheng)居(ju)離(li)(li)位,性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)質果斷,向(xiang)上(shang)有(you)(you)為(wei);生(sheng)(sheng)居(ju)北方坎宮(gong)者(zhe),小心謹慎,拘守禮法,畏葸(xi)不(bu)前。運程亦喜東(dong)南(nan),忌西(xi)北,炎上(shang)格(ge),行(xing)(xing)西(xi)北運多不(bu)貴。此由于火(huo)(huo)之(zhi)(zhi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)情,視其生(sheng)(sheng)月(yue)地位而發現之(zhi)(zhi)用,有(you)(you)不(bu)同(tong)也(ye)。

方(fang)(fang)先(xian)生(sheng)曰:南(nan)方(fang)(fang)居離位(wei),離為火(huo)(huo)(huo),故(gu)南(nan)方(fang)(fang)為火(huo)(huo)(huo)地(di)。南(nan)方(fang)(fang)者(zhe),巳午未之(zhi)(zhi)位(wei),乃火(huo)(huo)(huo)之(zhi)(zhi)臨官、帝(di)旺、余氣之(zhi)(zhi)地(di),為火(huo)(huo)(huo)之(zhi)(zhi)旺鄉,三夏氣候之(zhi)(zhi)代名(ming)詞(ci)。悟玄(xuan)子(zi)(zi)曰:“炎炎真火(huo)(huo)(huo)鎮(zhen)南(nan)方(fang)(fang),不(bu)(bu)(bu)必(bi)輝(hui)光(guang)(guang)(guang)要伏藏(zang)(zang)(zang),遇土不(bu)(bu)(bu)明多(duo)蹇塞,木(mu)逢旺處最(zui)為良,木(mu)死火(huo)(huo)(huo)虛(xu)難得(de)求,早歲功名(ming)不(bu)(bu)(bu)久長。”火(huo)(huo)(huo)的(de)本質為熱與光(guang)(guang)(guang),有(you)向上(shang)燃(ran)燒的(de)特(te)性,又有(you)炙烤的(de)本能(neng)(neng)(neng),所以(yi)(yi)說“火(huo)(huo)(huo)曰炎上(shang)”,炎者(zhe),火(huo)(huo)(huo)光(guang)(guang)(guang)也。火(huo)(huo)(huo)以(yi)(yi)木(mu)為主體,有(you)木(mu)則(ze)(ze)火(huo)(huo)(huo)有(you)所依(yi)附,無木(mu)則(ze)(ze)火(huo)(huo)(huo)不(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)長久,只有(you)用木(mu)相生(sheng),才(cai)能(neng)(neng)(neng)顯其光(guang)(guang)(guang)輝(hui)之(zhi)(zhi)德。以(yi)(yi)水(shui)為對象,則(ze)(ze)火(huo)(huo)(huo)有(you)蒸發(fa)之(zhi)(zhi)象,而(er)顯其炎烈之(zhi)(zhi)用。無水(shui),火(huo)(huo)(huo)焰過于酷烈,火(huo)(huo)(huo)烈則(ze)(ze)能(neng)(neng)(neng)害物(wu),火(huo)(huo)(huo)多(duo)則(ze)(ze)虛(xu)而(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)實。天地(di)之(zhi)(zhi)氣,無非(fei)水(shui)火(huo)(huo)(huo)而(er)巳,即寒暑之(zhi)(zhi)謂。火(huo)(huo)(huo)雖有(you)炎上(shang)光(guang)(guang)(guang)明的(de)特(te)性,但(dan)中國的(de)古典哲學認為,物(wu)極必(bi)反,所以(yi)(yi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)可過分光(guang)(guang)(guang)輝(hui),要伏藏(zang)(zang)(zang)于內(nei)。《朱(zhu)子(zi)(zi)語(yu)類(lei)》云(yun):“利貞是靜而(er)伏藏(zang)(zang)(zang)于內(nei)。”要“和(he)諧(xie)貞正(zheng)”必(bi)要伏藏(zang)(zang)(zang),見(jian)土者(zhe)晦其光(guang)(guang)(guang)輝(hui)之(zhi)(zhi)德,最(zui)須木(mu)生(sheng),如見(jian)木(mu)死則(ze)(ze)火(huo)(huo)(huo)虛(xu),難得(de)功名(ming),即使獲得(de)功名(ming),也不(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)久長。

火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)又(you)(you)有(you)陰陽(yang)(yang)之(zhi)(zhi)分,丙火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)屬(shu)陽(yang)(yang),丁火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)屬(shu)陰,丙火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)生(sheng)旺(wang),最(zui)喜壬水(shui),有(you)相(xiang)映成輝(hui)之(zhi)(zhi)趣(qu);丁火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)衰微,不(bu)(bu)(bu)離甲木(mu)。《滴天髓》云(yun):“如有(you)嫡母,可(ke)春(chun)可(ke)秋。”此因(yin)陰陽(yang)(yang)性(xing)質的不(bu)(bu)(bu)同,所以取用(yong)亦(yi)有(you)所區(qu)別(bie)。但(dan)究其(qi)本質而言,又(you)(you)是相(xiang)同的,如丙丁居于南(nan)方離火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)之(zhi)(zhi)位(wei),構(gou)成所謂炎(yan)(yan)(yan)上(shang)格,則(ze)其(qi)秀氣(qi)完(wan)全萃聚(ju)于日干之(zhi)(zhi)火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)。即以火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)為(wei)用(yong)神(shen),忌水(shui)克滅,喜木(mu)水(shui)相(xiang)助(zhu),見土吐(tu)秀,亦(yi)善。逢金(jin)為(wei)財(cai),有(you)土見財(cai)不(bu)(bu)(bu)妨。主性(xing)格果斷,向上(shang)有(you)為(wei)。但(dan)如生(sheng)居北(bei)方坎(kan)地,火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)被(bei)(bei)北(bei)方旺(wang)水(shui)所制,其(qi)炎(yan)(yan)(yan)上(shang)之(zhi)(zhi)性(xing)不(bu)(bu)(bu)能顯現(xian),屬(shu)于火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)弱水(shui)旺(wang)的五行(xing)結構(gou),火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)被(bei)(bei)水(shui)困,必然小心謹(jin)慎,拘守禮(li)法,畏(wei)葸(xi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)前。喜大運(yun)行(xing)東南(nan)木(mu)火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)之(zhi)(zhi)地,助(zhu)身任殺(sha),忌行(xing)西北(bei)金(jin)水(shui)之(zhi)(zhi)鄉(xiang),殺(sha)旺(wang)再行(xing)殺(sha)旺(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)地,必然夭折無疑。所以凡成炎(yan)(yan)(yan)上(shang)格者,行(xing)西北(bei)運(yun),多(duo)(duo)有(you)不(bu)(bu)(bu)貴(gui)。《玉霄寶鑒》云(yun):“火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)炎(yan)(yan)(yan)上(shang),不(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)太(tai)旺(wang),太(tai)旺(wang)則(ze)酷(ku)烈暴物。生(sheng)居離位(wei)者,果斷有(you)為(wei),銳于建功立事;若(ruo)居坎(kan)位(wei),則(ze)畏(wei)事多(duo)(duo)禮(li)之(zhi)(zhi)士。”李九萬(wan)云(yun):“火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)不(bu)(bu)(bu)長(chang)炎(yan)(yan)(yan),惟(wei)托木(mu)以焰,火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)多(duo)(duo)無木(mu)者,不(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)發早(zao),發早(zao)則(ze)無壽(shou)。”

金得(de)(de)火(huo)和,而能熔鑄(zhu);水得(de)(de)火(huo)和,則成既濟;遇土(tu)不明(ming)(ming)(ming),多主蹇(jian)塞(sai);逢木(mu)旺處(chu),決定為榮。木(mu)死火(huo)虛,難得(de)(de)永(yong)久,徒有功(gong)名,必不久長。春(chun)忌見(jian)木(mu),惡其(qi)焚也;夏忌見(jian)土(tu),惡其(qi)暗也;秋忌見(jian)金,金難克制;冬忌見(jian)水,水旺則滅。故(gu)春(chun)火(huo)欲明(ming)(ming)(ming)不欲炎,炎則不實;秋火(huo)欲藏不欲明(ming)(ming)(ming),明(ming)(ming)(ming)則太(tai)燥;冬火(huo)欲生不欲殺,殺則歇滅。

徐樂吾曰:此段總(zong)論火(huo)(huo)(huo)見(jian)(jian)金(jin)(jin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)土木(mu)(mu)(mu)之用,可與《滴天(tian)(tian)髓(sui)>〉十干性情(qing)節參(can)看。丙火(huo)(huo)(huo)猛烈(lie),欺霜侮雪,不畏水(shui)(shui)(shui)克也(ye)。見(jian)(jian)水(shui)(shui)(shui),水(shui)(shui)(shui)火(huo)(huo)(huo)相(xiang)和,則成既(ji)濟之功。逢(feng)木(mu)(mu)(mu)旺(wang)地(di),則顯通明(ming)之象(坊本作“逢(feng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)難生”,誤)。木(mu)(mu)(mu)與火(huo)(huo)(huo)相(xiang)連,春(chun)(chun)夏之火(huo)(huo)(huo)見(jian)(jian)木(mu)(mu)(mu)多(duo),過于旺(wang)烈(lie),而有(you)自焚之憂(you)。木(mu)(mu)(mu)衰火(huo)(huo)(huo)熄,又嫌其(qi)不足,故(gu)春(chun)(chun)忌木(mu)(mu)(mu)多(duo)。最怕戊土,晦火(huo)(huo)(huo)之光,火(huo)(huo)(huo)失(shi)(shi)其(qi)明(ming),土偏于燥。《滴天(tian)(tian)髓(sui))云:土重生慈。火(huo)(huo)(huo)性猛烈(lie),而曰生慈,則失(shi)(shi)其(qi)性矣(yi),故(gu)多(duo)主蹇塞也(ye)。生于春(chun)(chun),喜(xi)其(qi)通明(ming),不欲炎烈(lie),故(gu)忌見(jian)(jian)木(mu)(mu)(mu)多(duo)。火(huo)(huo)(huo)見(jian)(jian)金(jin)(jin),名火(huo)(huo)(huo)煉真(zhen)金(jin)(jin)。生于秋冬(dong),休(xiu)囚之地(di),須有(you)木(mu)(mu)(mu)以生之,不宜金(jin)(jin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)氣(qi)(qi)旺(wang)。火(huo)(huo)(huo)值衰微,金(jin)(jin)旺(wang)力(li)難克制(zhi),水(shui)(shui)(shui)旺(wang)氣(qi)(qi)勢歇滅,非(fei)中和之逍(xiao)乜。夏忌土旺(wang),秋冬(dong)火(huo)(huo)(huo)虛,金(jin)(jin)多(duo)不能任克,水(shui)(shui)(shui)旺(wang)被其(qi)壓迫,又宜土木(mu)(mu)(mu)為救也(ye)。

方先生曰:原(yuan)(yuan)文以(yi)火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)取金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)木水土(tu)為(wei)用,分(fen)別予以(yi)論述取用的原(yuan)(yuan)則(ze)。火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)以(yi)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)為(wei)財,以(yi)為(wei)養命之源,金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)見火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)煉(lian)(lian),方可成器(qi)皿,火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)得(de)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)才可顯(xian)其(qi)功用。火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)相見,名火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)煉(lian)(lian)真金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin),金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)見火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)煉(lian)(lian)而成器(qi),所以(yi)原(yuan)(yuan)文說“金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)得(de)火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)和(he)”。但生于秋(qiu),金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)神秉令,火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)值衰微,金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)旺力難(nan)克(ke)制(zhi),所謂火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)能克(ke)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin),金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)多火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)熄,必賴有木助火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo),金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)得(de)火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)方能熔鑄。

火(huo)(huo)之(zhi)(zhi)為用,最以(yi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)火(huo)(huo)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)和,則(ze)(ze)成既濟之(zhi)(zhi)功。俗語說(shuo)(shuo),水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)火(huo)(huo)不相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)容,就是指(zhi)兩種相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)持而(er)又(you)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)敵的五行,是不能共存的,但只要有(you)一種特殊的條件(jian),水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)火(huo)(huo)就可(ke)以(yi)成其(qi)氣(qi)勢,形成一個(ge)好的格局,即《滴天髓》所謂(wei)“相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)持者(zhe)在”。《說(shuo)(shuo)卦》云“坎者(zhe),水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)也,正北(bei)方(fang)之(zhi)(zhi)卦也”,“離者(zhe),為火(huo)(huo),為日”,道家以(yi)坎離為陰陽真氣(qi),但若水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)火(huo)(huo)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)戰,必須用木(mu),則(ze)(ze)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)火(huo)(huo)之(zhi)(zhi)氣(qi)可(ke)以(yi)既濟。火(huo)(huo)為日主,水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)生(sheng)木(mu),木(mu)生(sheng)火(huo)(huo),用印以(yi)化殺。但若水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)旺,而(er)火(huo)(huo)之(zhi)(zhi)氣(qi)勢歇減,非中和之(zhi)(zhi)道。

木(mu)(mu)(mu)為火(huo)(huo)之(zhi)(zhi)體,火(huo)(huo)必須(xu)附麗于(yu)木(mu)(mu)(mu),逢木(mu)(mu)(mu)旺(wang)(wang)地,則顯(xian)木(mu)(mu)(mu)火(huo)(huo)通明(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)象。生于(yu)春(chun)(chun),喜其(qi)通明(ming),不(bu)欲(yu)炎烈(lie),故(gu)忌見木(mu)(mu)(mu)多(duo)(duo)(duo)。生于(yu)夏(xia)(xia),木(mu)(mu)(mu)旺(wang)(wang)火(huo)(huo)熾,木(mu)(mu)(mu)反被火(huo)(huo)焚,必須(xu)有水濟木(mu)(mu)(mu)。生于(yu)秋冬(dong),休囚之(zhi)(zhi)地,須(xu)有木(mu)(mu)(mu)以(yi)生之(zhi)(zhi),但不(bu)宜金水氣(qi)旺(wang)(wang)。生于(yu)冬(dong),要水火(huo)(huo)既濟。木(mu)(mu)(mu)與火(huo)(huo)相連,春(chun)(chun)夏(xia)(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)火(huo)(huo)見木(mu)(mu)(mu)多(duo)(duo)(duo),過(guo)于(yu)旺(wang)(wang)烈(lie),而有自焚之(zhi)(zhi)憂。木(mu)(mu)(mu)衰(shuai)火(huo)(huo)熄,又(you)嫌其(qi)不(bu)足,故(gu)春(chun)(chun)忌木(mu)(mu)(mu)多(duo)(duo)(duo),夏(xia)(xia)忌土(tu)(tu)旺(wang)(wang),土(tu)(tu)晦其(qi)光,秋冬(dong)火(huo)(huo)虛,金多(duo)(duo)(duo)不(bu)能任克(ke),水旺(wang)(wang)被其(qi)壓迫,火(huo)(huo)有克(ke)滅之(zhi)(zhi)憂,又(you)宜土(tu)(tu)木(mu)(mu)(mu)為救。

最怕戊己之(zhi)土(tu),晦(hui)火之(zhi)光(guang),火失其(qi)明(ming),土(tu)偏于燥(zao)。火炎(yan)土(tu)燥(zao)之(zhi)局,氣勢燥(zao)烈,身旺無依(yi),不足(zu)(zu)為(wei)用,孤(gu)鰥僧(seng)道之(zhi)流。如四柱見戊己土(tu)出干,雖能泄火之(zhi)氣勢,但火炎(yan)土(tu)燥(zao),氣勢偏枯,缺(que)乏生機,多主(zhu)刑(xing)克。但是火炎(yan)土(tu)燥(zao)之(zhi)局,亦多有(you)富貴者,不過(guo)偏枯之(zhi)象,必(bi)定有(you)所不足(zu)(zu),多主(zhu)刑(xing)克孤(gu)寡。若行水運,土(tu)反能克水,水不能激火,土(tu)得(de)水潤,即能生金,多主(zhu)富。《滴天髓》云:土(tu)重生慈(ci)。火性(xing)(xing)猛烈,而曰生慈(ci),則失其(qi)性(xing)(xing)矣(yi),故多主(zhu)蹇(jian)塞也。

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