在(zai)家工(gong)作時，工(gong)作和私事的分(fen)界(jie)線總是容易(yi)變得曖(ai)昧，工(gong)作時間減少，工(gong)作效率降(jiang)低。是什么(me)原因讓(rang)人們在(zai)家工(gong)作的效率降(jiang)低，又有(you)什么(me)辦(ban)法可以提高效率呢(ni)？
在家工(gong)作的效率(lv)降(jiang)低的原因
目前(qian)在美國，有將近五分(fen)(fen)一(yi)人選擇(ze)在家(jia)辦公(gong)。本應該一(yi)天工作7，8個小時(shi)(shi)的他(ta)們，不(bu)但(dan)沒有因為(wei)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)的富裕而(er)更(geng)加辛勤的工作，甚(shen)至有很多人實際上(shang)每天只工作時(shi)(shi)間(jian)1小時(shi)(shi)。而(er)另外有三(san)成人表(biao)示，他(ta)們在家(jia)中上(shang)班十分(fen)(fen)放松，通(tong)常是(shi)穿(chuan)著睡衣工作。
這是來自美國一公(gong)司的(de)(de)調(diao)(diao)查，他們對五千(qian)多個在家辦公(gong)的(de)(de)美國人進行(xing)了調(diao)(diao)查，其(qi)中三成(cheng)人表示會(hui)(hui)工作(zuo)(zuo)到8小時(shi)以(yi)上(shang)，四成(cheng)人表示每天會(hui)(hui)在家工作(zuo)(zuo)4到7個小時(shi)，而(er)其(qi)他則少(shao)的(de)(de)可憐。或許他們老板看(kan)到這樣的(de)(de)調(diao)(diao)查會(hui)(hui)崩潰。
具體(ti)到在(zai)家(jia)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)時(shi)間少的可憐的原因(yin)(yin)，心理學家(jia)也作(zuo)出了(le)一(yi)些分析，在(zai)家(jia)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)效率一(yi)般，其主要原因(yin)(yin)是家(jia)庭雜事會(hui)(hui)分散注意力(li)，人(ren)們的懶(lan)得心理成(cheng)了(le)主要因(yin)(yin)素。研究(jiu)顯示，有(you)三成(cheng)人(ren)表示在(zai)家(jia)會(hui)(hui)有(you)拖延時(shi)間的毛病，會(hui)(hui)故意先做家(jia)務事來(lai)回避工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)任務。兩成(cheng)人(ren)選(xuan)(xuan)擇看電(dian)視來(lai)逃避工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)，還有(you)兩成(cheng)人(ren)選(xuan)(xuan)擇先同自己(ji)的寵物玩耍，而其他(ta)則是因(yin)(yin)為總是被家(jia)里的孩子打斷工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)。
不過這(zhe)些看似只不過是一些借口而(er)已，在(zai)家(jia)(jia)(jia)上(shang)班(ban)(ban)時沒(mei)有(you)監(jian)督力(li)(li)才(cai)是罪魁禍首。有(you)心(xin)理(li)學(xue)家(jia)(jia)(jia)就表示，“懶惰心(xin)理(li)是人類的(de)(de)天性(xing)，在(zai)沒(mei)有(you)壓力(li)(li)的(de)(de)時候(hou)自然會體現(xian)出來(lai)，而(er)家(jia)(jia)(jia)中上(shang)班(ban)(ban)沒(mei)有(you)了老板(ban)的(de)(de)監(jian)督，員工大(da)多有(you)安全的(de)(de)心(xin)理(li)，從(cong)而(er)放松了對(dui)自己的(de)(de)要求。”為此心(xin)理(li)學(xue)家(jia)(jia)(jia)建議公司老板(ban)們最好給那些在(zai)家(jia)(jia)(jia)辦公的(de)(de)人制定(ding)一個天計劃，來(lai)避免效率過低的(de)(de)問題。
提高(gao)在(zai)家工作效率的方法(fa)
1、為(wei)自(zi)己收拾出(chu)一(yi)個辦公室，或(huo)者(zhe)至少是(shi)一(yi)片工(gong)作區域(yu)，這將是(shi)你(ni)工(gong)作的地方
如果沒有一(yi)個單獨房間作為辦公室(shi)，你(ni)可(ke)以在餐桌(zhuo)上工作，雖然這不(bu)是(shi)很理想。如果把筆記本(ben)電(dian)(dian)(dian)腦(nao)放在電(dian)(dian)(dian)視機前的(de)(de)話，你(ni)會面對許多誘(you)惑。你(ni)一(yi)定想確保你(ni)的(de)(de)家庭辦公室(shi)擁有你(ni)需(xu)要(yao)的(de)(de)一(yi)切，這可(ke)能是(shi)一(yi)根額外的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)話線，無論是(shi)固定電(dian)(dian)(dian)話或Skype。買個好的(de)(de)辦公桌(zhuo)，椅子以及電(dian)(dian)(dian)腦(nao)，讓您能舒適地工作，但不(bu)要(yao)太舒服，你(ni)會松懈的(de)(de)。
2、拿(na)出(chu)長時間段進行工作
在家工(gong)作(zuo)可以使你的(de)工(gong)作(zuo)時間(jian)更靈活(huo)，但如(ru)(ru)果你經(jing)常被打擾，那么把事情做好(hao)會很難。盡(jin)量確保(bao)你拿(na)出大塊(kuai)時間(jian)段進(jin)行工(gong)作(zuo)。例如(ru)(ru)，如(ru)(ru)果您(nin)需要進(jin)行8小(xiao)時的(de)工(gong)作(zuo)，把它(ta)分成3小(xiao)時，2小(xiao)時，和3小(xiao)時3個時間(jian)段。如(ru)(ru)果您(nin)需要跑(pao)腿或其他(ta)的(de)雜事，把它(ta)們安排(pai)在時間(jian)塊(kuai)的(de)間(jian)隔(ge)。
3、養成每天離開(kai)家出去走走的習慣
沒有什么(me)會(hui)比每周七天每天二十四小時呆在家更讓你瘋狂的(de)了。去(qu)戶外(wai)散散步，使(shi)頭(tou)腦清晰，以增強(qiang)長期工作的(de)耐力。
4、創建一個(ge)每天待辦的任務列(lie)表
因為(wei)在家工作很容(rong)易(yi)走神，待辦的(de)任(ren)務列表能使(shi)你(ni)明(ming)確你(ni)的(de)進度。雖然(ran)我不(bu)是(shi)喜歡經常(chang)做計劃列表的(de)人，但我發現這是(shi)非常(chang)有益(yi)的(de)，而(er)當我懈怠時，它會清(qing)楚地顯示出我沒完成的(de)任(ren)務。
5、 不要同時做(zuo)多項工作
雖然有的(de)人的(de)確能夠同時處(chu)理很(hen)多事(shi)情(qing)，但是(shi)對于大多數人來說(shuo)，還(huan)是(shi)一(yi)(yi)件(jian)事(shi)一(yi)(yi)件(jian)事(shi)地處(chu)理起(qi)來效(xiao)率比(bi)較(jiao)高。設(she)計(ji)、編程以及(ji)寫作(zuo)等需要(yao)集中注意力(li)的(de)工作(zuo)就不用(yong)說(shuo)了，不管做(zuo)什么事(shi)情(qing)，都不要(yao)這兒(er)弄一(yi)(yi)下那(nei)兒(er)插一(yi)(yi)腳(jiao)，還(huan)是(shi)將注意力(li)集中在一(yi)(yi)件(jian)事(shi)情(qing)上比(bi)較(jiao)好。
Distinguish beeen work and home mode
One of the biggest perks about working from home - slowly moving from bed to the sofa five minutes before you start - can also be your biggest challenge
says Eyre-White.
Don't fet that you are there to work - so set yourself up the right way
get dressed and brush your teeth at the start of the day rather than sitting in your pyjamas for eight hours. "Switch from home to work mode
" she says
by having something you physically do to "flip the switch".
別忘了你是在上班——所以要把自己收拾好，穿好衣服，起牀后刷牙，而不是穿著睡衣坐上8個小時。她說：“從家庭模式切換到工作模式”的方法是做些事情來“觸動轉換開關”。
"Maybe it's walking round the block
making a special kind of tea
or lighting a candle at your desk. It doesn't matter what it is but do it without fail to create a strong association in your mind
" she says.
Be realistic about what you can achieve
"A wide
open day working from home can feel full of possibilities. 145 things on the to do list? No problem! Don't fall into the trap of being over-ambitious
" says Eyre-White.
Instead
she remends being realistic and then possibly achieving more than you set out to; and feeling satisfied
rather than feeling disappointed you didn't do everything.
She suggests choosing three to five things to do and aim to get the majority done before lunch. "We all slow down in the mid-afternoon and having a lot of your list under your belt will give you the momentum to power through
" she remends.
Work in short bursts
In the office your day is broken up by everything from meetings to water-cooler chats
lunch breaks and even toilet breaks
but when you are sat at home on your own with no face-to-face interaction planned it can be easy to just work for long
unbroken periods.
"When we're in the office our day is normally broken up with meetings. Although this can be frustrating
they divide the day up and create natural chunks of time
" explains Eyre-White. "In contrast
a day at home can be very unstructured."
In order to be productive she remends imposing structure on yourself. For example
working in 45-60 minute chunks of focused work followed by a short break. "This can be an effective way to break the day up and maintain your concentration levels
" she says.
Don't fet to take breaks
It can be difficult to tear yourself away from your laptop if you're worried people might think you're slacking off
but that doesn't mean you shouldn't take breaks. "Just because you're feeling fy at home
it doesn't mean you don't need a proper break
" says Eyre-White.
"Leave your desk for lunch and take advantage of being at home to walk the dog and blow the cobwebs away for half an hour in the afternoon. You'll return feeling refreshed and more productive for the rest of the day."
This also includes making sure you make time to make proper meals and drink water regularly
rather than snacking continuously throughout the day and then crashing in a sugar slump at 3pm.
Manage distractions
Being in an office gives us a limited number of ways to get distracted but when you start working in a new environment (especially a very familiar one) it can be easy to let yourself get distracted.
"There are a lot of potential distractions when we work from home
" says Eyre-White. "So proactively manage things which might interrupt your focus."
She explains: "Keep them limited to short breaks in beeen chunks of focused work. A change of scene is all we need to give our brain a break
and it's the perfect time to put a load of washing on or empty the dishwasher."
Be sociable
Unless you're self-isolating
working from home shouldn't mean that you don't leave the house at all or don't see anyone for o weeks - ensure you still keep up social interaction.
"If you're the kind of person who'll miss your colleagues when you work from home
build opportunities for socialising in to your day
" says Eyre-White
who remends trying to call colleagues rather than always email or Slack messaging.
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