拼音注音 : Lú Zhú Gēn
別名 : 蘆荻頭(《嶺南采藥(yao)錄》),樓梯桿(gan)(《四川中(zhong)藥(yao)志》)。
出處 : 《四(si)川中藥志(zhi)》
來源 : 為禾本科植物蘆(lu)竹的(de)根莖。夏季(ji)拔起全(quan)株,砍取根莖洗凈,剔(ti)除須根,切片或(huo)整條曬干。
生境分布 : 生于溪(xi)旁及屋(wu)邊較潮(chao)濕而深厚的土壤(rang)上。分布西南(nan)(nan)(nan)、華(hua)南(nan)(nan)(nan)及江蘇、浙江、湖南(nan)(nan)(nan)等地。產四川(chuan)。
原形態 : 蘆(lu)竹,又名:荻蘆(lu)竹(《本草(cao)匯言(yan)》),綠竹(《分類(lei)草(cao)藥性》)。多年(nian)生草(cao)本。具(ju)根(gen)莖,須根(gen)粗(cu)壯。稈直立,高2~6米(mi)(mi)(mi),徑1~1.5厘米(mi)(mi)(mi),常具(ju)分枝(zhi)。葉(xie)鞘較(jiao)節間為長(chang)(chang),無毛或其頸部具(ju)長(chang)(chang)柔(rou)(rou)毛,葉(xie)舌膜(mo)質,截平(ping),長(chang)(chang)約1.5毫(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi),先(xian)端具(ju)短(duan)細(xi)毛;葉(xie)片扁平(ping),長(chang)(chang)30~60厘米(mi)(mi)(mi),寬2~5厘米(mi)(mi)(mi),嫩時表面及邊(bian)緣(yuan)微(wei)粗(cu)糙。圓錐花(hua)序,較(jiao)緊(jin)密,長(chang)(chang)30~60厘米(mi)(mi)(mi),分枝(zhi)稠(chou)密,斜向上升,小穗含2~4花(hua);穎披(pi)針形,長(chang)(chang)8~10毫(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi),具(ju)3~5脈(mo)(mo);外稃亦具(ju)3~5脈(mo)(mo),中脈(mo)(mo)延伸成(cheng)長(chang)(chang)1~2毫(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)之短(duan)芒(mang),背(bei)面中部以(yi)下密生略(lve)短(duan)于稃體的白柔(rou)(rou)毛,基盤(pan)長(chang)(chang)約0.5毫(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi),上部兩側具(ju)短(duan)柔(rou)(rou)毛,第一(yi)外稃長(chang)(chang)8~10毫(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi);內(nei)稃長(chang)(chang)約為外稃的一(yi)半。花(hua)期10~12月。
性狀 : 干燥根(gen)莖(jing),呈彎曲扁(bian)圓條形,長10~48厘米,粗(cu)2~2.5厘米,黃棕色,有縱皺紋(wen),一端稍粗(cu)大,有大小不等的(de)筍子芽(ya)苞突起,基部周圍有須(xu)根(gen)斷痕(hen);有節(jie),節(jie)上有淡黃色的(de)葉(xie)鞘(qiao)殘痕(hen),或全(quan)為(wei)葉(xie)鞘(qiao)包裹(guo)。質(zhi)堅(jian)硬,不易(yi)折斷。以質(zhi)嫩(nen)、干燥、莖(jing)稈短者為(wei)佳。
化學成分 : 根莖含N,N-甲(jia)(jia)(jia)基(ji)色胺(an)、5-甲(jia)(jia)(jia)氧基(ji)-N-甲(jia)(jia)(jia)基(ji)色胺(an)、蟾(chan)毒(du)色胺(an)、去(qu)氫蟾(chan)毒(du)色胺(an)、蟾(chan)蜍(chu)特尼定(ding)等多種(zhong)(zhong)吲(yin)哚(duo)衍生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)。葉(xie)含卅烷、α-香樹脂(zhi)醇(chun)乙酸酯(zhi)、β-香樹脂(zhi)醇(chun)乙酸酯(zhi)、卅烷醇(chun)、無羈萜、豆甾醇(chun)、β-谷(gu)甾醇(chun)、菜油(you)甾醇(chun)等。花(hua)含多種(zhong)(zhong)吲(yin)哚(duo)衍生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)禾(he)草堿及其Nb-氧化(hua)(hua)物(wu)(wu)(wu)、禾(he)草堿甲(jia)(jia)(jia)氫氧化(hua)(hua)物(wu)(wu)(wu)、N,N-甲(jia)(jia)(jia)基(ji)色胺(an)甲(jia)(jia)(jia)氫氧化(hua)(hua)物(wu)(wu)(wu)、3,3’-雙(吲(yin)哚(duo)甲(jia)(jia)(jia)基(ji))二(er)甲(jia)(jia)(jia)銨氫氧化(hua)(hua)物(wu)(wu)(wu)、胡頹子堿等。
藥理作用 : 根(gen)莖(jing)脫(tuo)脂乙醇提(ti)取(qu)物(wu),有(you)降壓及解痙作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong),能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)拮抗(kang)(kang)(kang)組(zu)織(zhi)(zhi)胺、5-羥(qian)(qian)色(se)(se)胺、乙酰膽(dan)(dan)堿(jian)(jian)(jian)引(yin)起的(de)(de)痙攣;根(gen)莖(jing)中提(ti)出的(de)(de)蟾蜍特尼(ni)定具有(you)抗(kang)(kang)(kang)乙酰膽(dan)(dan)堿(jian)(jian)(jian)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong),在(zai)骨胳肌抗(kang)(kang)(kang)乙酰膽(dan)(dan)堿(jian)(jian)(jian)較(jiao)在(zai)平(ping)(ping)滑(hua)(hua)肌強,使(shi)子(zi)(zi)宮(gong)興奮(fen),并能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)釋放組(zu)織(zhi)(zhi)胺。對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)羊無毒性(xing)(xing),根(gen)莖(jing)可(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于水(shui)腫禾(he)(he)草(cao)(cao)(cao)堿(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)藥理(li)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong):①對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)心(xin)血(xue)管的(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)麻醉(zui)貓(mao)靜脈注(zhu)(zhu)射,血(xue)壓反(fan)應不恒定;1~20毫(hao)克(ke)/公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)升高血(xue)壓,大劑(ji)量(30~40毫(hao)克(ke)/公(gong)(gong)斤(jin))則(ze)先降而后(hou)(hou)升;還可(ke)輕度(du)降低腎(shen)上(shang)(shang)腺(xian)(xian)素(su)的(de)(de)升壓反(fan)應,但(dan)不引(yin)起翻轉,90毫(hao)克(ke)/公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)在(zai)狗身(shen)上(shang)(shang),對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)腎(shen)上(shang)(shang)腺(xian)(xian)素(su)的(de)(de)影(ying)響也(ye)(ye)是如此。對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)蛙的(de)(de)末梢血(xue)管有(you)輕度(du)收(shou)(shou)(shou)縮(suo)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong),對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)蛙心(xin)則(ze)有(you)抑(yi)制(zhi)(zhi)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)哺(bu)乳(ru)動(dong)物(wu)的(de)(de)心(xin)臟有(you)抑(yi)制(zhi)(zhi)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong),并能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)擴張(zhang)腹腔血(xue)管(皮膚肌肉血(xue)管則(ze)為(wei)(wei)收(shou)(shou)(shou)縮(suo)),大劑(ji)量引(yin)起血(xue)壓下降,故認(ren)為(wei)(wei)它(ta)有(you)微(wei)弱的(de)(de)擬膽(dan)(dan)堿(jian)(jian)(jian)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。②對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)平(ping)(ping)滑(hua)(hua)肌的(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)離體兔(tu)(tu)、豚(tun)鼠(shu)(shu)、大鼠(shu)(shu)子(zi)(zi)宮(gong)有(you)收(shou)(shou)(shou)縮(suo)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong),對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)在(zai)位貓(mao)子(zi)(zi)宮(gong)亦能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)收(shou)(shou)(shou)縮(suo),對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)腎(shen)上(shang)(shang)腺(xian)(xian)素(su)的(de)(de)子(zi)(zi)宮(gong)收(shou)(shou)(shou)縮(suo)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)有(you)輕度(du)拮抗(kang)(kang)(kang)。對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)離體兔(tu)(tu)、豚(tun)鼠(shu)(shu)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)腸有(you)收(shou)(shou)(shou)縮(suo)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong),也(ye)(ye)有(you)報(bao)告(gao)在(zai)短暫的(de)(de)收(shou)(shou)(shou)縮(suo)后(hou)(hou),隨之出現抑(yi)制(zhi)(zhi)。③對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)5-羥(qian)(qian)色(se)(se)胺的(de)(de)影(ying)響禾(he)(he)草(cao)(cao)(cao)堿(jian)(jian)(jian)有(you)抗(kang)(kang)(kang)5-羥(qian)(qian)色(se)(se)胺作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。麻醉(zui)貓(mao)靜脈注(zhu)(zhu)射1毫(hao)克(ke)/公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)可(ke)抑(yi)制(zhi)(zhi)5-羥(qian)(qian)色(se)(se)胺對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)頸上(shang)(shang)神經節的(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)山(shan)梗菜(cai)堿(jian)(jian)(jian)則(ze)無影(ying)響)。還能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)拮抗(kang)(kang)(kang)5-羥(qian)(qian)色(se)(se)胺對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)鼠(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)毒性(xing)(xing)。對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)豚(tun)鼠(shu)(shu)子(zi)(zi)宮(gong)或小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)腸的(de)(de)過敏(min)性(xing)(xing)收(shou)(shou)(shou)縮(suo)氏反(fan)應),禾(he)(he)草(cao)(cao)(cao)堿(jian)(jian)(jian)或育(yu)亨(heng)賓(bin)有(you)阻(zu)斷作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong),但(dan)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)組(zu)織(zhi)(zhi)胺引(yin)起的(de)(de)收(shou)(shou)(shou)縮(suo),二者也(ye)(ye)有(you)同樣的(de)(de)阻(zu)斷作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。另(ling)有(you)報(bao)告(gao)禾(he)(he)草(cao)(cao)(cao)堿(jian)(jian)(jian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)提(ti)高正常(chang)或用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)過后(hou)(hou)的(de)(de)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)鼠(shu)(shu)腦中5-羥(qian)(qian)色(se)(se)胺的(de)(de)水(shui)平(ping)(ping),以及對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)抗(kang)(kang)(kang)利血(xue)平(ping)(ping)的(de)(de)5-羥(qian)(qian)色(se)(se)胺耗竭(jie)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)者。④其(qi)他作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)禾(he)(he)草(cao)(cao)(cao)堿(jian)(jian)(jian)有(you)弱的(de)(de)擬膽(dan)(dan)堿(jian)(jian)(jian)或抗(kang)(kang)(kang)腎(shen)上(shang)(shang)腺(xian)(xian)素(su)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(降低腎(shen)上(shang)(shang)腺(xian)(xian)素(su)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)血(xue)壓、平(ping)(ping)滑(hua)(hua)肌的(de)(de)影(ying)響)。不影(ying)響兔(tu)(tu)血(xue)糖水(shui)平(ping)(ping)。對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)膽(dan)(dan)堿(jian)(jian)(jian)酯(zhi)酶(mei)無作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。它(ta)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)哺(bu)乳(ru)動(dong)物(wu)中樞神經系統(tong)有(you)興奮(fen)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong),使(shi)呼吸加深、加快,乃(nai)至發生陣發性(xing)(xing)痙攣,大量則(ze)導致(zhi)麻痹,對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)鼠(shu)(shu)靜脈注(zhu)(zhu)射的(de)(de)半數致(zhi)死量為(wei)(wei)45毫(hao)克(ke)/公(gong)(gong)斤(jin),對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)大鼠(shu)(shu)則(ze)為(wei)(wei)63毫(hao)克(ke)/公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)。
性味 : 苦,寒。①《草(cao)木(mu)便(bian)方》:"苦,大(da)涼。"②《嶺南采藥(yao)錄(lu)》:"甘,淡。"③《四(si)川中(zhong)藥(yao)志》:"性寒,味(wei)苦,無毒。"
注意 : 《四川中藥志》:"體虛無(wu)熱(re)者(zhe)慎用。"
功能主治 : 清熱(re)利水。治(zhi)熱(re)病發(fa)狂(kuang),虛勞骨蒸,淋病,小便不利,風(feng)火(huo)牙(ya)痛。①《草(cao)(cao)木(mu)便方(fang)》:"治(zhi)風(feng)火(huo)蟲牙(ya)疼痛,虛勞骨蒸潮熱(re),頭昏目赤。"②《分類草(cao)(cao)藥性》:"治(zhi)牙(ya)痛,火(huo)淋;天行(xing)熱(re)狂(kuang),反胃。"③《嶺(ling)南采(cai)藥錄》:"清肺(fei)熱(re),食瘟馬肉中毒(du),取根搗自然汁煎服。"④《四(si)川中藥志(zhi)》:"退火(huo)清熱(re)。治(zhi)寒濕化熱(re)。"
用法用量 : 內服:煎(jian)湯,0.5~1兩;或熬膏。
備注 : 本植物的嫩苗(蘆竹筍(sun))及莖稈(gan)經燒炙而瀝出的液汁(蘆竹瀝)亦供藥(yao)用(yong),各詳專(zhuan)條。
摘錄 : 《中藥大辭典(dian)》
拼音注音 : Lú Zhú Gēn
別名 : 蘆荻頭、樓梯桿
英文名 : Rhizome of Giantreed
出處 : 出(chu)自《四川中藥志》。
來源 : 藥材基源:為禾本科植物蘆竹的根莖。拉(la)丁植物動(dong)物礦(kuang)物名:Arundo donax L.采收和儲藏:夏季(ji)拔取(qu)全株(zhu),砍(kan)取(qu)根莖,洗凈(jing),剔除須根,切片或整(zheng)條曬干。
生境分布 : 生(sheng)態環(huan)境:生(sheng)于溪旁及屋邊較潮濕的深厚的土壤處。資源分布:分布于西南(nan)、華(hua)南(nan)及江(jiang)蘇、浙(zhe)江(jiang)、湖南(nan)等(deng)地。
原形態 : 蘆竹,多(duo)年生草本(ben)。具(ju)(ju)根(gen)莖,須根(gen)粗(cu)壯。稈直立,高(gao)2-6m,徑1-1.5cm,常(chang)具(ju)(ju)分枝(zhi)。葉鞘較節(jie)間(jian)為(wei)長,無毛或其頸部(bu)具(ju)(ju)長柔毛,葉舌(she)膜質,截平,長約1.5mm,先(xian)端具(ju)(ju)短(duan)細毛;葉片扁平,長30-60cm,寬(kuan)2-5cm,嫩(nen)時表(biao)面(mian)及邊緣微粗(cu)糙。圓錐花序(xu)較緊密(mi),長30-60cm,分枝(zhi)稠密(mi),斜(xie)向上(shang)升,小穗含2-4花;穎披針形,長8-10mm,具(ju)(ju)3-5脈(mo);外(wai)稃(fu)亦(yi)具(ju)(ju)3-5脈(mo),中脈(mo)延伸成長1-2mm的短(duan)芒,背面(mian)中部(bu)以下密(mi)被略短(duan)于(yu)稃(fu)體的白柔毛,基盤長約0.5mm,內(nei)稃(fu)長約為(wei)外(wai)稃(fu)的一半。花期10-12月。
栽培 : 生物學特(te)性 喜溫暖濕潤(run)氣候。對(dui)土(tu)(tu)壤要求不嚴,但(dan)宜(yi)選擇(ze)土(tu)(tu)層深厚、排(pai)水(shui)良好的壤土(tu)(tu)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)培(pei)。 栽(zai)(zai)(zai)培(pei)技術 用分株繁殖(zhi)法。9-10月(yue),挖取全從,分成數蔸(dou),每(mei)(mei)蔸(dou)有莖(jing)稈2-3根(gen),按行株距60cm×50cm開窩,深約25cm,每(mei)(mei)窩栽(zai)(zai)(zai)1蔸(dou),栽(zai)(zai)(zai)前砍去莖(jing)稈上端,栽(zai)(zai)(zai)后蓋土(tu)(tu),壓緊,澆(jiao)(jiao)水(shui)。 田間管理(li) 當(dang)年冬季,天旱時(shi)注意澆(jiao)(jiao)水(shui)。第2年春施人(ren)畜糞水(shui),以(yi)后每(mei)(mei)年除1-2次雜(za)草,冬季培(pei)土(tu)(tu)壅蔸(dou)。
性狀 : 性狀鑒別 根莖呈彎曲(qu)扁圓條形(xing),長10-18cm,粗2-2.5cm,黃棕色,有(you)縱皺紋,一(yi)端稍(shao)粗大,有(you)大小不(bu)等的(de)筍子芽胞突起,基部周圍(wei)有(you)須(xu)根斷(duan)痕(hen);有(you)節(jie),節(jie)上(shang)有(you)淡黃色的(de)葉鞘殘痕(hen),或全(quan)為葉鞘包裹。質(zhi)堅硬,不(bu)易折斷(duan)。以質(zhi)嫩、干燥、莖稈(gan)短者(zhe)為佳。
化學成分 : 根莖含N,N-二(er)甲(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)基(ji)(ji)色胺(N,N-dimethyltryp-tamine)、5-甲(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)氧(yang)基(ji)(ji)-N-甲(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)基(ji)(ji)色胺(5-methoxy-N-methyl-tryptamine)、蟾(chan)毒色胺(bufotenine)、去氫蟾(chan)毒色胺(dehydrobufotenine)、蟾(chan)蜍特尼定(ding)(bufotenidine)等(deng)多種吲(yin)哚衍生物(wu)。葉含卅(sa)烷(triacontane)、α-香(xiang)樹脂(zhi)醇(chun)乙(yi)酸酯(zhi)(α-amyrinacetate)、β-香(xiang)樹脂(zhi)醇(chun)乙(yi)酸酯(zhi)、卅(sa)烷醇(chun)(triacontanol)、無(wu)羈萜(tie)(Friedelin)、豆甾(zai)醇(chun)(stigmasterol)、β-谷甾(zai)醇(chun)(β-sitosterol)、菜(cai)油甾(zai)醇(chun)(campesterol)等(deng)。花含多種吲(yin)哚衍生物(wu)禾草堿(jian)(gramine)及其Nb-氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)物(wu)、禾草堿(jian)甲(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)氫氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)物(wu)(gramine methohydroxide)、N,N-二(er)甲(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)基(ji)(ji)色胺甲(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)氫氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)物(wu)、3,3'-雙(吲(yin)哚甲(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)基(ji)(ji))二(er)甲(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)銨氫氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)物(wu)、胡頹子堿(jian)(eleagnine)等(deng)。
藥理作用 : 1.對(dui)(dui)(dui)羊(yang)無毒(du)性,根莖(jing)可(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)于水(shui)腫。2.禾(he)草(cao)(cao)堿(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)藥理作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong):。2.1.對(dui)(dui)(dui)心血(xue)(xue)管的(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong):對(dui)(dui)(dui)麻(ma)(ma)醉貓(mao)靜脈(mo)注(zhu)射,血(xue)(xue)壓(ya)(ya)反(fan)應不恒(heng)定;1-20mg/kg能(neng)(neng)升(sheng)高(gao)血(xue)(xue)壓(ya)(ya),大劑(ji)(ji)(ji)量(liang)(30-40mg/kg)則(ze)先降而后(hou)升(sheng);還(huan)可(ke)輕(qing)度(du)降低(di)(di)腎(shen)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)腺(xian)素的(de)(de)升(sheng)壓(ya)(ya)反(fan)應,但不引(yin)起翻轉,90mg/kg在(zai)狗(gou)身上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang),對(dui)(dui)(dui)腎(shen)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)腺(xian)素的(de)(de)影響也(ye)是(shi)如此。對(dui)(dui)(dui)蛙的(de)(de)末梢(shao)血(xue)(xue)管有(you)(you)(you)(you)輕(qing)度(du)收(shou)縮(suo)(suo)(suo)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong),對(dui)(dui)(dui)蛙心則(ze)有(you)(you)(you)(you)抑(yi)制作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)。對(dui)(dui)(dui)哺乳動物的(de)(de)心臟有(you)(you)(you)(you)抑(yi)制作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong),并能(neng)(neng)擴張腹腔血(xue)(xue)管(皮膚肌肉(rou)血(xue)(xue)管則(ze)為(wei)收(shou)縮(suo)(suo)(suo)),大劑(ji)(ji)(ji)量(liang)引(yin)起血(xue)(xue)壓(ya)(ya)下降,故(gu)認(ren)為(wei)它有(you)(you)(you)(you)微弱的(de)(de)擬(ni)膽(dan)堿(jian)(jian)(jian)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)。2.2.對(dui)(dui)(dui)平(ping)(ping)(ping)滑肌的(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong):對(dui)(dui)(dui)離(li)體兔、豚鼠(shu)(shu)、大鼠(shu)(shu)子(zi)宮有(you)(you)(you)(you)收(shou)縮(suo)(suo)(suo)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong),對(dui)(dui)(dui)在(zai)位貓(mao)子(zi)宮亦能(neng)(neng)收(shou)縮(suo)(suo)(suo),對(dui)(dui)(dui)腎(shen)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)腺(xian)素的(de)(de)子(zi)宮收(shou)縮(suo)(suo)(suo)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)有(you)(you)(you)(you)輕(qing)度(du)拮抗。對(dui)(dui)(dui)離(li)體兔、豚鼠(shu)(shu)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)腸有(you)(you)(you)(you)收(shou)縮(suo)(suo)(suo)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong),也(ye)有(you)(you)(you)(you)報告(gao)在(zai)短暫的(de)(de)收(shou)縮(suo)(suo)(suo)后(hou),隨之出現抑(yi)制。2.3.對(dui)(dui)(dui)5-羥(qian)(qian)(qian)色(se)胺(an)的(de)(de)影響禾(he)草(cao)(cao)堿(jian)(jian)(jian)有(you)(you)(you)(you)抗5-羥(qian)(qian)(qian)色(se)胺(an)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong):麻(ma)(ma)醉貓(mao)靜脈(mo)注(zhu)射1mg/kg可(ke)抑(yi)制5-羥(qian)(qian)(qian)色(se)胺(an)對(dui)(dui)(dui)頸上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)神經(jing)節的(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(對(dui)(dui)(dui)山梗菜堿(jian)(jian)(jian)則(ze)無影響)。還(huan)能(neng)(neng)拮抗5-羥(qian)(qian)(qian)色(se)胺(an)對(dui)(dui)(dui)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)鼠(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)毒(du)性。對(dui)(dui)(dui)豚鼠(shu)(shu)子(zi)宮或(huo)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)腸的(de)(de)過(guo)敏性收(shou)縮(suo)(suo)(suo)(Schultz-Dale氏反(fan)應),禾(he)草(cao)(cao)堿(jian)(jian)(jian)或(huo)育亨賓有(you)(you)(you)(you)阻斷作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong),但對(dui)(dui)(dui)組織胺(an)引(yin)起的(de)(de)收(shou)縮(suo)(suo)(suo),二(er)者也(ye)有(you)(you)(you)(you)同(tong)樣(yang)的(de)(de)阻斷作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)。另(ling)有(you)(you)(you)(you)報告(gao)禾(he)草(cao)(cao)堿(jian)(jian)(jian)能(neng)(neng)提(ti)高(gao)正常或(huo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)過(guo)Phenelzine(單胺(an)氧化(hua)酶的(de)(de)不可(ke)逆(ni)的(de)(de)抑(yi)制劑(ji)(ji)(ji))后(hou)的(de)(de)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)鼠(shu)(shu)腦(nao)中(zhong)5-羥(qian)(qian)(qian)色(se)胺(an)的(de)(de)水(shui)平(ping)(ping)(ping),以及對(dui)(dui)(dui)抗利血(xue)(xue)平(ping)(ping)(ping)的(de)(de)5-羥(qian)(qian)(qian)色(se)胺(an)耗竭作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)者。2.4.其他作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong):禾(he)草(cao)(cao)堿(jian)(jian)(jian)有(you)(you)(you)(you)弱的(de)(de)擬(ni)膽(dan)堿(jian)(jian)(jian)或(huo)抗腎(shen)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)腺(xian)素作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(降低(di)(di)腎(shen)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)腺(xian)素對(dui)(dui)(dui)血(xue)(xue)壓(ya)(ya)、平(ping)(ping)(ping)滑肌的(de)(de)影響)。不影響兔血(xue)(xue)糖水(shui)平(ping)(ping)(ping)。對(dui)(dui)(dui)膽(dan)堿(jian)(jian)(jian)酯酶無作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)。它對(dui)(dui)(dui)哺乳動物中(zhong)樞神經(jing)系統有(you)(you)(you)(you)興奮作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong),使呼吸加(jia)深(shen)、加(jia)快,乃至發生陣發性痙攣,大量(liang)則(ze)導致麻(ma)(ma)痹。對(dui)(dui)(dui)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)鼠(shu)(shu)靜脈(mo)注(zhu)射的(de)(de)半數致死量(liang)為(wei)45mg/kg,對(dui)(dui)(dui)大鼠(shu)(shu)則(ze)為(wei)63mg/kg。
性味 : 苦;寒(han);甘
注意 : 體虛無(wu)熱者(zhe)慎服。
功能主治 : 清熱瀉火;生津除煩;利尿。主熱病(bing)煩渴;虛(xu)勞骨蒸;吐血;熱淋;小便不利;風火牙痛
用法用量 : 內服:煎湯,15-30g;或熬膏。外用:適量,搗敷。
各家論述 : 1.《草(cao)木便(bian)方》:治風(feng)火蟲牙(ya)疼痛,虛(xu)勞(lao)骨蒸潮熱(re),頭昏(hun)目赤。2.《分(fen)類(lei)草(cao)藥(yao)性》:治牙(ya)痛,火淋,天行熱(re)狂,反胃(wei)。3.《嶺南采藥(yao)錄》:清肺(fei)熱(re),食瘟(wen)馬肉中(zhong)毒,取(qu)根搗自然汁煎(jian)服。4.《四(si)川中(zhong)藥(yao)志》:退火清熱(re)。治寒濕化熱(re)。
摘錄 : 《中(zhong)華本草》
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