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桑白皮

中醫世家 2023-05-04 00:27:40

《中國藥典》:桑白皮

拼音注音 : Sānɡ Bái Pí

別名 : 桑根皮

英文名 : CORTEX MORI

來源 : 本(ben)品為(wei)桑科(ke)植物桑Morus alba L.的干(gan)燥根皮。秋末葉落時至次春發芽前采挖(wa)根部,刮去(qu)黃棕色粗皮,縱向剖開,剝(bo)取(qu)根皮,曬(shai)干(gan)。

性狀 : 本品(pin)呈扭曲的(de)卷筒(tong)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)、槽(cao)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)或(huo)(huo)板片狀(zhuang)(zhuang),長短寬窄不一,厚1~4mm。外表面(mian)白色(se)或(huo)(huo)淡(dan)黃白色(se),較平坦,有的(de)殘(can)留橙(cheng)黃色(se)或(huo)(huo)棕黃色(se)鱗片狀(zhuang)(zhuang)粗(cu)皮;內表面(mian)黃白色(se)或(huo)(huo)灰黃色(se),有細(xi)縱(zong)(zong)紋。體輕,質韌,纖(xian)維(wei)性強,難折斷,易縱(zong)(zong)向撕裂,撕裂時有粉塵飛揚。氣微,味(wei)微甘。

貯藏 : 置通風(feng)干燥處(chu),防(fang)潮,防(fang)蛀。

炮制 : 桑白皮(pi):洗凈,稍潤,切絲,干燥。蜜(mi)桑白皮(pi):取桑白皮(pi)絲,照蜜(mi)炙法(附錄(lu)Ⅱ D)炒(chao)至(zhi)不(bu)粘(zhan)手(shou)。

鑒別 : (1)本(ben)品(pin)(pin)(pin)橫切(qie)面:韌(ren)皮部(bu)射線(xian)寬2~6列細(xi)胞(bao)(bao);散(san)有乳管;纖(xian)維單個散(san)在或(huo)(huo)成束,非木(mu)化(hua)或(huo)(huo)微木(mu)化(hua);薄壁細(xi)胞(bao)(bao)含(han)淀粉(fen)粒(li),有的(de)(de)(de)細(xi)胞(bao)(bao)含(han)草(cao)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)鈣方晶。較老(lao)的(de)(de)(de)根皮中,散(san)在夾(jia)有石(shi)細(xi)胞(bao)(bao)的(de)(de)(de)厚(hou)(hou)(hou)壁細(xi)胞(bao)(bao)群(qun),胞(bao)(bao)腔(qiang)(qiang)大多(duo)含(han)方晶。粉(fen)末(mo)(mo)淡灰黃色。纖(xian)維甚多(duo),多(duo)碎斷(duan),直(zhi)徑13~26μm ,壁厚(hou)(hou)(hou),非木(mu)化(hua)至微木(mu)化(hua),孔溝不(bu)明顯(xian)。草(cao)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)鈣方晶直(zhi)徑11~32μm 。石(shi)細(xi)胞(bao)(bao)類(lei)圓形(xing)、類(lei)方形(xing)或(huo)(huo)形(xing)狀不(bu)規(gui)則,直(zhi)徑22~52μm ,壁較厚(hou)(hou)(hou)或(huo)(huo)極厚(hou)(hou)(hou),紋孔及(ji)孔溝明顯(xian),胞(bao)(bao)腔(qiang)(qiang)內有的(de)(de)(de)含(han)方晶。另有含(han)晶厚(hou)(hou)(hou)壁細(xi)胞(bao)(bao),紋孔不(bu)明顯(xian)。淀粉(fen)粒(li)甚多(duo),類(lei)圓形(xing),直(zhi)徑4~16μm。(2)取(qu)(qu)本(ben)品(pin)(pin)(pin)粉(fen)末(mo)(mo)2g,加(jia)飽(bao)和碳酸(suan)(suan)(suan)鈉溶液(ye)20ml,超聲處理20分鐘,濾過(guo),濾液(ye)加(jia)稀鹽酸(suan)(suan)(suan)調節pH值至1~2,靜置(zhi)30分鐘,濾過(guo),濾液(ye)用(yong)醋酸(suan)(suan)(suan)乙(yi)酯(zhi)振搖提取(qu)(qu)2次,每(mei)次10ml,合(he)并醋酸(suan)(suan)(suan)乙(yi)酯(zhi)液(ye),蒸干,殘渣加(jia)甲醇1ml使溶解(jie)。作為供(gong)試品(pin)(pin)(pin)溶液(ye)。另取(qu)(qu)桑(sang)白皮對照(zhao)藥(yao)(yao)材2g,同(tong)法(fa)制成對照(zhao)藥(yao)(yao)材溶液(ye)。照(zhao)薄層色譜(pu)法(fa)(附錄Ⅵ B)試驗,吸取(qu)(qu)上述兩(liang)(liang)種溶液(ye)各5μl,分別點(dian)于同(tong)一聚酰胺薄膜上,以醋酸(suan)(suan)(suan)為展開(kai)劑,展開(kai)約(yue)10cm,取(qu)(qu)出(chu),晾干,置(zhi)紫外光燈(deng)(365nm)下(xia)檢視(shi)。供(gong)試品(pin)(pin)(pin)色譜(pu)中,在與對照(zhao)藥(yao)(yao)材色譜(pu)相應的(de)(de)(de)位置(zhi)上,顯(xian)相同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)兩(liang)(liang)個熒光主斑點(dian)。

歸經 : 歸(gui)肺經(jing)。

性味 : 甘,寒。

功能主治 : 瀉肺平喘,利水消腫(zhong)(zhong)。用于肺熱喘咳,水腫(zhong)(zhong)脹滿尿少(shao),面(mian)目肌膚(fu)浮腫(zhong)(zhong)。

用法用量 : 6~12g。

摘錄 : 《中國藥典》

《中藥大辭典》:桑白皮

拼音注音 : Sānɡ Bái Pí

別名 : 桑(sang)根白皮(pi)(pi)(《本經》),桑(sang)根皮(pi)(pi)、桑(sang)皮(pi)(pi)(孟詵),白桑(sang)皮(pi)(pi)(《山西中藥(yao)志》)。

出處 : 《藥性論》

來源 : 為(wei)桑(sang)科植物(wu)桑(sang)除去(qu)栓皮的(de)根皮。冬季采挖(wa),洗凈,趁新(xin)鮮(xian)刮(gua)去(qu)背棕色栓皮,縱(zong)向剖開,以木(mu)槌(chui)輕擊,使皮部與木(mu)心分離,剝取白皮,曬干。

生境分布 : 主產安徽、河(he)南、浙江、江蘇、湖(hu)南等地;其他各地亦產。

性狀 : 干燥根皮多呈長而扭曲的板狀(zhuang),或(huo)兩邊向(xiang)內(nei)卷曲成槽狀(zhuang)。長短寬狹(xia)不一,厚(hou)1~5毫(hao)米。外表面淡黃(huang)(huang)白色或(huo)近(jin)白色,有(you)少(shao)數棕黃(huang)(huang)色或(huo)紅(hong)黃(huang)(huang)色斑(ban)點,較平(ping)坦,有(you)縱(zong)向(xiang)裂(lie)紋(wen)及(ji)稀疏的纖維(wei)(wei)。內(nei)表面黃(huang)(huang)白色或(huo)灰(hui)黃(huang)(huang)色,平(ping)滑,有(you)細縱(zong)紋(wen),或(huo)縱(zong)向(xiang)裂(lie)開,霉(mei)出纖維(wei)(wei)。體輕,質韌(ren),難折(zhe)斷,易縱(zong)裂(lie),撕(si)裂(lie)時有(you)白色粉塵飛出。微有(you)豆(dou)腥(xing)氣,味甘微苦。以色白、皮厚(hou)、粉性足者為(wei)佳(jia)。

化學成分 : 含傘形花內酯、東(dong)莨菪素(su)(su)和黃酮成分桑根皮(pi)素(su)(su)、桑素(su)(su)、桑色烯、環(huan)桑素(su)(su)、環(huan)桑色烯等(deng)。又含有作用類似乙酰膽堿的(de)降(jiang)壓成分,并(bing)含鞣質5.6%,粘(zhan)液素(su)(su)9%。

藥理作用 : ①利(li)尿(niao)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)家兔(tu)以桑白(bai)皮(pi)煎劑(ji)2克(ke)(ke)/公斤灌胃,6小(xiao)(xiao)時內排尿(niao)量及(ji)其(qi)氯化(hua)物(wu)均有(you)(you)較(jiao)顯著(zhu)增(zeng)加(jia),7~24小(xiao)(xiao)時恢復正常。②降壓(ya)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)日(ri)(ri)人早年即(ji)報告桑樹(shu)煎劑(ji)給(gei)動(dong)物(wu)口(kou)服有(you)(you)輕微而(er)緩(huan)慢的(de)(de)降壓(ya)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong),又(you)稱必須(xu)用(yong)(yong)根(gen)或(huo)(huo)枝(zhi)的(de)(de)皮(pi)方(fang)有(you)(you)降壓(ya)效果(guo),根(gen)及(ji)新梢葉(xie)則(ze)(ze)無(wu)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)。用(yong)(yong)乙(yi)醚、熱水或(huo)(huo)溫甲醇(chun)的(de)(de)提取(qu)液對兔(tu)皮(pi)下(xia)注(zhu)(zhu)射1克(ke)(ke)(生(sheng)藥)/公斤時,可(ke)(ke)使血(xue)(xue)壓(ya)下(xia)降15~25毫(hao)米汞(gong)柱(zhu)。從桑白(bai)皮(pi)中提得一種物(wu)質(zhi)(zhi),給(gei)兔(tu)靜(jing)脈(mo)注(zhu)(zhu)射10毫(hao)克(ke)(ke)/公斤,血(xue)(xue)壓(ya)立(li)即(ji)顯著(zhu)下(xia)降;切(qie)斷頸(jing)(jing)迷(mi)走神(shen)經或(huo)(huo)頸(jing)(jing)椎,此作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)仍存在。它(ta)能(neng)抑(yi)(yi)制(zhi)離體(ti)蛙(wa)心、興奮(fen)兔(tu)離體(ti)腸管(guan),此等作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)皆可(ke)(ke)被阿(a)托(tuo)品阻斷,故推測可(ke)(ke)能(neng)是乙(yi)酰膽堿樣物(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)。對兔(tu)耳血(xue)(xue)管(guan)有(you)(you)擴張作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong),對蛙(wa)下(xia)肢(zhi)血(xue)(xue)管(guan)則(ze)(ze)為收(shou)縮。能(neng)興奮(fen)離體(ti)兔(tu)子宮,輕度促(cu)進兔(tu)耳下(xia)腺的(de)(de)分泌,注(zhu)(zhu)射(動(dong)脈(mo)或(huo)(huo)靜(jing)脈(mo))給(gei)藥對貓瞬膜(mo)收(shou)縮并無(wu)影響(xiang),但如(ru)直接涂于頸(jing)(jing)交感神(shen)經節上,則(ze)(ze)可(ke)(ke)抑(yi)(yi)制(zhi)電刺激節前纖維引起(qi)的(de)(de)瞬膜(mo)收(shou)縮。對水蛭(zhi)背肌單用(yong)(yong)無(wu)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong),如(ru)先加(jia)依色林(lin)后再用(yong)(yong),則(ze)(ze)可(ke)(ke)使水蛭(zhi)背肌的(de)(de)緊張度有(you)(you)顯著(zhu)上升。此物(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)對小(xiao)(xiao)鼠(shu)靜(jing)脈(mo)注(zhu)(zhu)射之半數致(zhi)死(si)量為32.7毫(hao)克(ke)(ke)/公斤。據日(ri)(ri)人報道,中國產(chan)桑白(bai)皮(pi)的(de)(de)提取(qu)物(wu)較(jiao)日(ri)(ri)本(ben)產(chan)者降壓(ya)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)強,毒(du)性亦大,所含乙(yi)酰膽堿樣物(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)成分較(jiao)多。③其(qi)他(ta)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)桑白(bai)皮(pi)提取(qu)物(wu)對小(xiao)(xiao)鼠(shu)有(you)(you)鎮靜(jing)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)。在狗身上,初步證明用(yong)(yong)桑白(bai)皮(pi)線(xian)縫(feng)合(he)之傷口(kou)可(ke)(ke)無(wu)需拆線(xian)。

炮制 : 桑(sang)皮(pi):刷去灰屑,洗凈,潤透(tou)后(hou)切絲(si)(si),曬(shai)干。蜜桑(sang)皮(pi):取桑(sang)皮(pi)絲(si)(si),加煉熟蜂蜜與開水少(shao)許,拌勻(yun),稍悶(men),置鍋內用文(wen)火炒(chao)至變為(wei)黃色、不(bu)粘手為(wei)度,取出(chu),放涼。(每桑(sang)皮(pi)絲(si)(si)100斤(jin),用煉熟蜂蜜30斤(jin))《雷公炮炙論》:"凡使(桑(sang)白(bai)皮(pi))采(cai)十年已上嫩(nen)根,銅(tong)刀(dao)剝(bo)上青(qing)黃薄(bo)皮(pi)一重,只取第二(er)重白(bai)嫩(nen)青(qing)涎(xian)者(zhe),用銅(tong)刀(dao)銼了,焙令干,勿(wu)使皮(pi)上涎(xian)落,涎(xian)是藥(yao)(yao)力。此藥(yao)(yao)惡鐵并鉛(qian)。"

歸經 : 入(ru)肺(fei)、脾經。①《湯液(ye)本(ben)草》:"入(ru)手太陰(yin)經。"②《雷(lei)公炮制藥(yao)性(xing)解(jie)》:"入(ru)脾、肺(fei)二(er)經。"③《藥(yao)品化義》:"入(ru)肺(fei)、大腸二(er)經。"

性味 : 甘(gan),寒(han)。①《本(ben)經(jing)》:"甘(gan),寒(han)。"②《別錄》:"無毒(du)。"③《藥(yao)性論》:"平。"④《醫(yi)學啟源》:"氣寒(han),味苦酸。"

注意 : 肺虛(xu)無(wu)火,小便多及風寒(han)咳嗽(sou)忌服(fu)。①《本(ben)(ben)草經集(ji)注》:"續斷、桂心(xin)、麻子為之使(shi)。"②《本(ben)(ben)草經疏》:"肺虛(xu)無(wu)火,因(yin)寒(han)襲之而發咳嗽(sou)者勿(wu)服(fu)。"③《得配本(ben)(ben)草》:"肺虛(xu),小便利者禁用。"

功能主治 : 瀉肺平喘(chuan),行水(shui)消(xiao)腫(zhong)。治(zhi)(zhi)肺熱(re)喘(chuan)咳,吐血,水(shui)腫(zhong),腳氣(qi),小便不利(li)。①《本(ben)經》:"主傷中,五(wu)勞六極羸(lei)瘦,崩中,脈絕,補虛(xu)益氣(qi)。"②《別(bie)錄》:"去肺中水(shui)氣(qi),唾血,熱(re)渴(ke),水(shui)腫(zhong),腹滿臚(lu)脹,利(li)水(shui)道,去寸(cun)白,可以縫(feng)金瘡。"③《藥性(xing)論(lun)》:"治(zhi)(zhi)肺氣(qi)喘(chuan)滿,水(shui)氣(qi)浮(fu)腫(zhong),主傷絕,利(li)水(shui)道,消(xiao)水(shui)氣(qi),虛(xu)勞客(ke)熱(re),頭(tou)痛,內補不足(zu)。"④孟詵(shen):"入散(san)用,下(xia)一切風氣(qi)水(shui)氣(qi)。"⑤《滇南本(ben)草(cao)》:"止肺熱(re)咳嗽。"⑧《綱目(mu)》:"瀉肺,降氣(qi),散(san)血。。⑦《本(ben)草(cao)求原》:"治(zhi)(zhi)腳氣(qi)痹攣(luan),目(mu)昏,黃疸(dan),通二便,治(zhi)(zhi)尿數。"⑧《貴州民間方藥集》:"治(zhi)(zhi)風濕(shi)麻木。"

用法用量 : 內服:煎(jian)湯,2~5錢;或(huo)入散劑。外用:搗汁涂或(huo)煎(jian)水洗。

復方 : ①治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)小兒(er)肺盛,氣急喘(chuan)嗽:地骨(gu)皮、桑(sang)(sang)(sang)白(bai)(bai)(bai)皮(炒)各一(yi)(yi)兩(liang)(liang)(liang),甘草(炙)一(yi)(yi)錢(qian)。銼散,入粳米(mi)一(yi)(yi)撮,水(shui)二(er)(er)小盞(zhan),煎(jian)七分(fen)(fen),食前(qian)服(fu)。(《小兒(er)藥(yao)(yao)證直訣》瀉白(bai)(bai)(bai)散)②治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)咳嗽甚者,或有吐血殷鮮:桑(sang)(sang)(sang)根(gen)(gen)白(bai)(bai)(bai)皮一(yi)(yi)斤(jin)。米(mi)泔(gan)浸三宿(su),凈(jing)刮上黃(huang)皮,銼細,入糯米(mi)四(si)兩(liang)(liang)(liang),焙(bei)干,一(yi)(yi)處搗(dao)(dao)為末(mo)。每服(fu)米(mi)飲調(diao)下(xia)一(yi)(yi)、二(er)(er)錢(qian)。(《經驗方(fang)(fang)(fang)》)③治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)飲停肺,脹(zhang)滿喘(chuan)急:桑(sang)(sang)(sang)根(gen)(gen)白(bai)(bai)(bai)皮二(er)(er)錢(qian),麻黃(huang)、桂枝各一(yi)(yi)錢(qian)五(wu)分(fen)(fen),杏仁十(shi)四(si)粒(去皮),細辛、干婪各一(yi)(yi)錢(qian)五(wu)分(fen)(fen)。水(shui)煎(jian)服(fu)。(《本(ben)草匯言》)④治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)小便不(bu)利(li),面目浮腫(zhong):桑(sang)(sang)(sang)白(bai)(bai)(bai)皮四(si)錢(qian),冬瓜仁五(wu)錢(qian),葶(ting)藶子(zi)三錢(qian)。煎(jian)湯服(fu)。(《上海常用中草藥(yao)(yao)》)⑤治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)卒小便多(duo),消渴:桑(sang)(sang)(sang)根(gen)(gen)白(bai)(bai)(bai)皮,炙令黃(huang)黑(hei),銼,以(yi)水(shui)煮之(zhi)令濃(nong),隨(sui)意(yi)飲之(zhi);亦(yi)可納(na)少米(mi),勿用鹽(yan)。(《肘后方(fang)(fang)(fang)》)⑥治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)糖尿(niao)病:桑(sang)(sang)(sang)白(bai)(bai)(bai)皮四(si)錢(qian),枸(gou)杞(qi)子(zi)五(wu)錢(qian),煎(jian)湯服(fu)。(《上海常用中草藥(yao)(yao)》)⑦治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)傳染(ran)性肝炎(yan):鮮桑(sang)(sang)(sang)白(bai)(bai)(bai)皮二(er)(er)兩(liang)(liang)(liang),白(bai)(bai)(bai)糖適(shi)量。水(shui)煎(jian),分(fen)(fen)二(er)(er)次(ci)服(fu)。(《福建中醫藥(yao)(yao)》(3):26,1961)⑧治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)產后下(xia)血不(bu)止:炙桑(sang)(sang)(sang)白(bai)(bai)(bai)皮,煮水(shui)飲之(zhi)。(《肘后方(fang)(fang)(fang)》)⑨治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)小兒(er)尿(niao)灶丹,初從兩(liang)(liang)(liang)股起,及臍間,走陰頭,皆(jie)赤色者:水(shui)二(er)(er)升(sheng),桑(sang)(sang)(sang)皮(切)二(er)(er)升(sheng),煮取汁,浴之(zhi)。(《千金(jin)方(fang)(fang)(fang)》)⑩治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)石(shi)(shi)癰堅(jian)如石(shi)(shi),不(bu)作膿者:蜀桑(sang)(sang)(sang)根(gen)(gen)白(bai)(bai)(bai)皮,陰干搗(dao)(dao)末(mo),烊膠,以(yi)酒和敷腫(zhong)。(《千金(jin)方(fang)(fang)(fang)》)⑾治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)蜈蚣毒(du):桑(sang)(sang)(sang)根(gen)(gen)皮搗(dao)(dao)爛敷或煎(jian)洗。(《湖南(nan)藥(yao)(yao)物志》)⑿治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)墜馬(ma)拗(ao)損:桑(sang)(sang)(sang)根(gen)(gen)白(bai)(bai)(bai)皮五(wu)斤(jin)。為末(mo),水(shui)一(yi)(yi)升(sheng),煎(jian)成膏。敷于(yu)損處。(《經驗后方(fang)(fang)(fang)》)

各家論述 : ①李杲:"桑(sang)(sang)白(bai)(bai)皮(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi),甘以(yi)固元氣之不(bu)(bu)足而(er)補虛,辛(xin)以(yi)瀉(xie)(xie)肺(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)氣之有余(yu)而(er)止嗽。又桑(sang)(sang)白(bai)(bai)皮(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)瀉(xie)(xie)肺(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei),然性不(bu)(bu)純良,不(bu)(bu)宜多(duo)用。"②《綱(gang)目(mu)》:"桑(sang)(sang)白(bai)(bai)皮(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi),長于利小(xiao)水(shui)(shui),乃實則瀉(xie)(xie)其(qi)(qi)子也(ye),故肺(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)中有水(shui)(shui)氣及肺(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)火(huo)有余(yu)者(zhe)宜之。"十劑"云(yun),燥(zao)可去濕,桑(sang)(sang)白(bai)(bai)皮(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)、赤小(xiao)豆(dou)之屬是(shi)矣。宋醫錢乙治肺(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)氣熱盛,咳嗽而(er)后喘(chuan),面腫(zhong)身(shen)熱,瀉(xie)(xie)白(bai)(bai)散。……桑(sang)(sang)白(bai)(bai)皮(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)、地(di)骨皮(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)皆(jie)(jie)能(neng)瀉(xie)(xie)火(huo)從小(xiao)便去,甘草瀉(xie)(xie)火(huo)而(er)緩(huan)中,粳米清肺(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)而(er)養血,此乃瀉(xie)(xie)肺(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)諸方之準(zhun)繩也(ye)。元醫羅(luo)天益言其(qi)(qi)瀉(xie)(xie)肺(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)中伏(fu)火(huo)而(er)補正氣,瀉(xie)(xie)邪(xie)所(suo)以(yi)補正也(ye)。若肺(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)虛而(er)小(xiao)便利者(zhe),不(bu)(bu)宜用之。"③《藥品化義》:"桑(sang)(sang)皮(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi),散熱,主治喘(chuan)滿咳嗽,熱痰唾(tuo)血,皆(jie)(jie)由實邪(xie)郁遏(e),肺(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)竅不(bu)(bu)得通暢,借(jie)此滲之散之,以(yi)利肺(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)氣,諸證(zheng)自(zi)愈。故云(yun)瀉(xie)(xie)肺(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)之有余(yu),非桑(sang)(sang)皮(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)不(bu)(bu)可。以(yi)此治皮(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)(pi)里膜外水(shui)(shui)氣浮腫(zhong)及肌(ji)膚邪(xie)熱,浮風燥(zao)癢,悉(xi)能(neng)去之。同甘菊、扁豆(dou)通鼻塞熱壅,合沙參、黃芪(qi)止腸紅(hong)下血皆(jie)(jie)效。"

摘錄 : 《中藥大(da)辭典(dian)》

《中華本草》:桑白皮

拼音注音 : Sānɡ Bái Pí

別名 : 桑(sang)根白皮(pi)、白桑(sang)皮(pi)桑(sang)桑(sang)皮(pi)、根皮(pi)

出處 : 出自《藥性(xing)論》。《本(ben)草圖經》: 桑根白皮,作線以(yi)(yi)縫金創腸出者,更以(yi)(yi)熱雞血涂之。唐安金藏(zang)剖腹,用(yong)此法(fa)便愈。

來源 : 藥(yao)材基源:為桑科植物(wu)桑根(gen)(gen)皮。拉(la)丁植物(wu)動物(wu)礦(kuang)物(wu)名:Morus alba L.采收和儲藏:多在春、秋季(ji)挖取根(gen)(gen)部(bu)(bu),南方各地冬季(ji)也可挖取,去(qu)(qu)凈(jing)泥土及須根(gen)(gen),趁鮮(xian)時刮去(qu)(qu)黃棕色粗(cu)皮,用刀縱(zong)向剖開皮部(bu)(bu),以木(mu)槌輕,使皮部(bu)(bu)與木(mu)部(bu)(bu)分離,除去(qu)(qu)木(mu)心(xin),曬干。

生境分布 : 生態環境:生于(yu)丘(qiu)陵(ling)、山坡、村旁、田野(ye)等處,多(duo)為人工(gong)栽培。資源分布:分布于(yu)全國各地。

原形態 : 落(luo)葉(xie)(xie)灌木(mu)或(huo)小喬(qiao)木(mu),高3-15m。樹(shu)皮灰白色(se),有(you)(you)(you)條狀淺裂(lie);根皮黃(huang)棕色(se)或(huo)紅黃(huang)色(se),纖維(wei)性強。單(dan)葉(xie)(xie)互生(sheng);葉(xie)(xie)柄長(chang)(chang)l-2.5cm;葉(xie)(xie)片(pian)卵(luan)形或(huo)寬卵(luan)形,長(chang)(chang)5-20cm,寬4-10cm,先端銳尖(jian)或(huo)漸尖(jian),基(ji)部(bu)圓形或(huo)近(jin)心(xin)形,邊(bian)緣(yuan)有(you)(you)(you)粗鋸齒或(huo)圓齒,有(you)(you)(you)時(shi)有(you)(you)(you)不(bu)規則的分裂(lie),上面無毛,有(you)(you)(you)光澤,下面脈(mo)上有(you)(you)(you)短(duan)毛,腋間有(you)(you)(you)毛,基(ji)出(chu)脈(mo)3條與(yu)細脈(mo)交織成(cheng)網(wang)狀,背面較明顯(xian);托葉(xie)(xie)披針(zhen)形,早(zao)落(luo)。花(hua)(hua)單(dan)性,雌(ci)(ci)雄(xiong)(xiong)異株;雌(ci)(ci)、雄(xiong)(xiong)花(hua)(hua)序(xu)均排列(lie)成(cheng)穗(sui)狀葇(rou)荑花(hua)(hua)序(xu),腋生(sheng);雌(ci)(ci)花(hua)(hua)序(xu)長(chang)(chang)l-2cm,被毛,總(zong)花(hua)(hua)梗長(chang)(chang)5-10mm;雄(xiong)(xiong)花(hua)(hua)序(xu)長(chang)(chang)1-2.5cm,下垂,略(lve)被細毛;雄(xiong)(xiong)花(hua)(hua)具(ju)花(hua)(hua)被片(pian)4,雄(xiong)(xiong)蕊(rui)4,中(zhong)央(yang)有(you)(you)(you)不(bu)育的雌(ci)(ci)蕊(rui);雌(ci)(ci)花(hua)(hua)具(ju)花(hua)(hua)被片(pian)4,基(ji)部(bu)合生(sheng),柱頭2裂(lie)。瘦果(guo),多數密集成(cheng)一(yi)卵(luan)圓形或(huo)長(chang)(chang)圓形的聚合果(guo),長(chang)(chang)l-2.5cm,初時(shi)綠色(se),成(cheng)熟后變肉質、黑紫色(se)或(huo)紅色(se)。種子小。花(hua)(hua)期4-5月,果(guo)期5-6月。

性狀 : 性狀(zhuang)鑒別(bie) 根(gen)皮呈扭曲的(de)(de)卷(juan)筒狀(zhuang)、槽(cao)狀(zhuang)或(huo)板片(pian)狀(zhuang),長 短寬(kuan)窄不一,厚1-4mm。外(wai)表面(mian)白色(se)(se)(se)(se)或(huo)淡(dan)黃白色(se)(se)(se)(se),較平(ping)坦(tan),有(you)(you)的(de)(de)殘(can)留橙(cheng)黃色(se)(se)(se)(se)或(huo)棕黃色(se)(se)(se)(se)鱗片(pian)狀(zhuang)粗皮;內表面(mian)黃白色(se)(se)(se)(se)或(huo)灰黃色(se)(se)(se)(se),有(you)(you)細縱紋。體輕(qing),質(zhi)韌,纖維性強,難(nan)折(zhe)斷,易縱向(xiang)撕(si)裂,撕(si)裂時有(you)(you)粉(fen)(fen)塵飛揚。氣微,味(wei)微甘(gan)。以(yi)色(se)(se)(se)(se)白、皮厚、柔韌者為佳。顯微鑒別(bie) 根(gen)皮橫切面(mian):韌皮部射線寬(kuan)2-6列(lie)細胞(bao)(bao);散有(you)(you)乳管;纖維單(dan)個散在(zai)或(huo)成束,非木(mu)化或(huo)微木(mu)化;薄壁細胞(bao)(bao)含淀(dian)粉(fen)(fen)粒,有(you)(you)的(de)(de)細胞(bao)(bao) 含草酸鈣(gai)方(fang)晶。較老根(gen)皮中(zhong)石細胞(bao)(bao)常與含晶厚壁細胞(bao)(bao)連結成群(qun)。理化鑒別(bie)(1)取(qu)本品粉(fen)(fen)末0.2g,加(jia)乙醇8ml,水浴加(jia)熱(re)5min,濾(lv)過。取(qu)濾(lv)液(ye)(ye)(ye)Zml,加(jia)鎂粉(fen)(fen)少許混(hun)勻,滴加(jia)濃鹽酸數滴,溶液(ye)(ye)(ye)呈櫻(ying)紅色(se)(se)(se)(se),并有(you)(you)氣泡產(chan)生(sheng)。(檢(jian)查黃酮類)(2)取(qu)本品粗粉(fen)(fen)5g,;;加(jia)苯20ml回流提取(qu)15min,濾(lv)過。濾(lv)液(ye)(ye)(ye)蒸干,殘(can)渣用(yong)少量氯仿溶解于(yu)小試(shi)管中(zhong),加(jia)冰醋酸1ml,沿試(shi)管壁緩緩加(jia)入濃硫酸1ml使(shi)成兩層,兩液(ye)(ye)(ye)界面(mian)顯紅色(se)(se)(se)(se)環(huan)。

毒性 : 桑白(bai)皮(pi)經石油(you)醚、乙(yi)醇(chun)、乙(yi)醚、醋(cu)酸(suan)酐、水、乙(yi)酸(suan)乙(yi)酯等反復處理,所得黃色粉末,給(gei)小(xiao)鼠靜(jing)脈(mo)注(zhu)射(she)的 半(ban)數(shu)致死量(liang)為 32.7mg/kg。而正丁醇(chun)提(ti)取物(wu)或水提(ti)取物(wu)給(gei)小(xiao)鼠灌(guan)胃或腹腔注(zhu)射(she) 10g/kg,或靜(jing)脈(mo)注(zhu)射(she) 5g/kg 均(jun)未(wei)引起死亡。醇(chun)提(ti)取物(wu)無論是(shi)1次大量(liang)或多次小(xiao)量(liang)給(gei)藥,對實(shi)驗(yan)動物(wu)均(jun)未(wei)表現不良影響,似可(ke)認為該(gai)藥毒性(xing)較小(xiao)。

化學成分 : 含黃(huang)酮類成分:桑(sang)素(su)(su)(muberrin),桑(sang)色(se)(se)(se)烯(mulberrochromene),環(huan)(huan)桑(sang)素(su)(su)(cyclomulberrin),環(huan)(huan)染色(se)(se)(se)烯(cyclo-mulberrochromene)[1],桑(sang)根(gen)(gen)皮素(su)(su)(morusin)[2,3],環(huan)(huan)桑(sang)根(gen)(gen)皮素(su)(su)(Cy-clomorusin),化(hua)合物(compound)A[3],氧化(hua)二氫桑(sang)根(gen)(gen)皮素(su)(su)(oxydi-hydromorusin][4,5],桑(sang)黃(huang)酮(kuwanon)A、B、C[4,5]、D、 E、 F、[6]、G(即(ji)(ji)albanin F,moracenin B)[7]、H(即(ji)(ji)albanin G,moracenin A)[8]、Ⅰ[9,10]、K、L[11]、Y、Z[[12]、桑(sang)白皮素(su)(su)(moracenin)C[13]、D[14],桑(sang)根(gen)(gen)酮(sanggenone)A[10,21]、B、C、D[10]、E[10,20]、F[22]、G[23]、H、I、J、K[24]、L、M、N[25]、O[26]、P[27]。又含桑(sang)色(se)(se)(se)呋喃(mulberrofuran)A[15]、B[16]、C[l0]、K、 N、O[17]、M[18]、P[19]、Q[20],傘(san)形花內酯(umbelliferone),東(dong)莨菪素(su)(su)(scopoletin)[28],桑(sang)糖(tang)朊(moran)A[29]及具(ju)降壓作用的乙(yi)酰膽堿(jian)類似物成分[30]。

藥理作用 : 1.利尿(niao)與(yu)導(dao)瀉(xie)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong) 桑(sang)(sang)白(bai)皮(pi)煎(jian)劑2g/kg相當生(sheng)藥量(liang)(liang)灌胃(wei)兔(tu)(tu),桑(sang)(sang)白(bai)皮(pi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)提(ti)(ti)(ti)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)或正丁(ding)醇(chun)(chun)(chun)提(ti)(ti)(ti)取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)300-500mg/kg給大(da)鼠(shu)(shu)(shu)灌胃(wei)或腹(fu)腔注(zhu)射(she),均有(you)(you)(you)利尿(niao)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。尿(niao)量(liang)(liang)及(ji)鈉(na)、鉀離(li)子(zi)和(he)(he)氯化物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)排出量(liang)(liang)均增加。水(shui)(shui)(shui)提(ti)(ti)(ti)取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)3g/kg灌胃(wei)小(xiao)(xiao)鼠(shu)(shu)(shu),可(ke)排出液狀(zhuang)糞便(bian),表(biao)(biao)明(ming)有(you)(you)(you)導(dao)瀉(xie)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。2.對(dui)(dui)心血管系統(tong)的(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong) 桑(sang)(sang)白(bai)皮(pi)煎(jian)劑和(he)(he)水(shui)(shui)(shui)、乙醇(chun)(chun)(chun)、正丁(ding)醇(chun)(chun)(chun)或乙醚等多種溶(rong)煤提(ti)(ti)(ti)取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu),經(jing)靜脈注(zhu)射(she)、十二指腸(chang)(chang)給藥或口(kou)服,對(dui)(dui)正常犬、兔(tu)(tu)、大(da)鼠(shu)(shu)(shu)或高血壓(ya)(ya)動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu),均有(you)(you)(you)不同程度(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)降(jiang)壓(ya)(ya)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong),且比較(jiao)持久,并伴有(you)(you)(you)心動(dong)徐緩(huan)。其降(jiang)壓(ya)(ya)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)可(ke)被阿(a)(a)托(tuo)品(pin)或切斷(duan)(duan)兩(liang)側迷走(zou)神(shen)經(jing)所(suo)(suo)抑制(zhi),而不受氯苯吡(bi)胺的(de)(de)影響。但(dan)另有(you)(you)(you)報(bao)道,切斷(duan)(duan)兩(liang)側迷走(zou)神(shen)經(jing)或于第5-6頸(jing)椎部位切斷(duan)(duan)脊(ji)髓,其降(jiang)壓(ya)(ya)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)仍存在,提(ti)(ti)(ti)示該(gai)提(ti)(ti)(ti)取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)中(zhong)可(ke)能(neng)(neng)含有(you)(you)(you)乙酰膽堿(jian)樣物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)質,國(guo)產桑(sang)(sang)白(bai)皮(pi)的(de)(de)降(jiang)壓(ya)(ya)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)較(jiao)日(ri)本(ben)產者(zhe)力(li)強,但(dan)毒性(xing)也(ye)(ye)較(jiao)大(da)。桑(sang)(sang)白(bai)皮(pi)提(ti)(ti)(ti)取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)能(neng)(neng)抑制(zhi)離(li)體(ti)蛙心,此(ci)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)亦(yi)可(ke)被阿(a)(a)托(tuo)品(pin)所(suo)(suo)阻(zu)斷(duan)(duan)。正丁(ding)醇(chun)(chun)(chun)提(ti)(ti)(ti)取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)1mg/ml可(ke)使離(li)體(ti)大(da)鼠(shu)(shu)(shu)心房收縮頻率及(ji)收縮力(li)明(ming)顯(xian)增加,隨后輕度(du)(du)(du)抑制(zhi);水(shui)(shui)(shui)提(ti)(ti)(ti)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)則產生(sheng)輕度(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)抑制(zhi)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。提(ti)(ti)(ti)取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)對(dui)(dui)蛙心下肢血管表(biao)(biao)現收縮作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong);對(dui)(dui)離(li)體(ti)兔(tu)(tu)耳血管有(you)(you)(you)擴(kuo)張作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong),能(neng)(neng)增加血流(liu)量(liang)(liang),此(ci)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)亦(yi)可(ke)被被阿(a)(a)托(tuo)品(pin)所(suo)(suo)阻(zu)斷(duan)(duan)。3.對(dui)(dui)平滑肌(ji)的(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong) 犬實(shi)驗表(biao)(biao)明(ming),正丁(ding)醇(chun)(chun)(chun)提(ti)(ti)(ti)取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)50mg/kg 靜脈注(zhu)射(she)能(neng)(neng)明(ming)顯(xian)增加胃(wei)腸(chang)(chang)道活動(dong);而水(shui)(shui)(shui)提(ti)(ti)(ti)取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)則無此(ci)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。正丁(ding)醇(chun)(chun)(chun)提(ti)(ti)(ti)取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)0.1mg/ml 能(neng)(neng)松(song)弛離(li)體(ti)豚鼠(shu)(shu)(shu)回腸(chang)(chang),且能(neng)(neng)抑制(zhi)其自動(dong)節律性(xing)活動(dong)。對(dui)(dui)大(da)鼠(shu)(shu)(shu)胃(wei)賁門竇條片有(you)(you)(you)輕度(du)(du)(du)興奮(fen)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。提(ti)(ti)(ti)取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)對(dui)(dui)兔(tu)(tu)離(li)體(ti)腸(chang)(chang)和(he)(he)子(zi)宮有(you)(you)(you)興奮(fen)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。4.對(dui)(dui)神(shen)經(jing)系統(tong)的(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong) (1).鎮(zhen)靜及(ji)安定作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong) 給小(xiao)(xiao)鼠(shu)(shu)(shu)腹(fu)腔注(zhu)射(she)桑(sang)(sang)白(bai)皮(pi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)或正丁(ding)醇(chun)(chun)(chun)提(ti)(ti)(ti)取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)50mg/kg以(yi)上可(ke)發生(sheng)鎮(zhen)靜和(he)(he)安定作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong),動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)自發性(xing)活動(dong)減少(shao),觸覺及(ji)痛(tong)(tong)覺反應降(jiang)低,瞳(tong)孔擴(kuo)大(da)。(2).抗(kang)驚厥作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong) 白(bai)皮(pi)正丁(ding)醇(chun)(chun)(chun)或水(shui)(shui)(shui)提(ti)(ti)(ti)取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)均能(neng)(neng)輕度(du)(du)(du)抑制(zhi)小(xiao)(xiao)鼠(shu)(shu)(shu)電休克(ke)發作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo),但(dan)仍表(biao)(biao)現伸肌(ji)緊(jin)張。實(shi)驗動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)死亡數較(jiao)對(dui)(dui)照組明(ming)顯(xian)減少(shao)。(3).鎮(zhen)痛(tong)(tong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong) 小(xiao)(xiao)鼠(shu)(shu)(shu)醋酸扭體(ti)及(ji)壓(ya)(ya)尾實(shi)驗表(biao)(biao)明(ming),水(shui)(shui)(shui)提(ti)(ti)(ti)取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)有(you)(you)(you)明(ming)顯(xian)的(de)(de)鎮(zhen)痛(tong)(tong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong),可(ke)提(ti)(ti)(ti)高痛(tong)(tong)閾,2g/kg 灌胃(wei) 與(yu)阿(a)(a)司匹林0.5g/kg的(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)相似。(4).降(jiang)溫(wen)正丁(ding)醇(chun)(chun)(chun)提(ti)(ti)(ti)取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)小(xiao)(xiao)鼠(shu)(shu)(shu)腹(fu)腔注(zhu)射(she)有(you)(you)(you)降(jiang)溫(wen)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。但(dan)大(da)鼠(shu)(shu)(shu)口(kou)服則無效。(5.)抗(kang)菌(jun)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong) 100%煎(jian)劑對(dui)(dui)金黃色葡萄球(qiu)菌(jun)、傷寒(han)桿菌(jun)、福氏痢疾桿菌(jun)有(you)(you)(you)抑制(zhi)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。對(dui)(dui)發癬菌(jun)也(ye)(ye)有(you)(you)(you)抑制(zhi)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。對(dui)(dui)結核桿菌(jun)無抑制(zhi)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。(6.)其它作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong) 對(dui)(dui)大(da)鼠(shu)(shu)(shu)角(jiao)叉菜(cai)膠及(ji)葡聚糖所(suo)(suo)引(yin)起的(de)(de)腳腫有(you)(you)(you)抑制(zhi)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。有(you)(you)(you)輕度(du)(du)(du)鎮(zhen)咳作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。桑(sang)(sang)白(bai)皮(pi)提(ti)(ti)(ti)取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)單用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)對(dui)(dui)青蛙背肌(ji)無影響,但(dan)可(ke)使蛙腹(fu)直肌(ji)緊(jin)張性(xing)增加。上述2種標本(ben)如預先用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)毒扁豆堿(jian)處理,則桑(sang)(sang)白(bai)皮(pi)提(ti)(ti)(ti)取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)顯(xian)著增強,對(dui)(dui)兔(tu)(tu)腮腺(xian)的(de)(de)分泌(mi)有(you)(you)(you)輕度(du)(du)(du)促進(jin)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。桑(sang)(sang)白(bai)皮(pi)熱水(shui)(shui)(shui)提(ti)(ti)(ti)取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)體(ti)外實(shi)驗對(dui)(dui)人子(zi)宮頸(jing)癌 JTC-26 株的(de)(de)抑制(zhi)率為70%左(zuo)右。

炮制 : 桑(sang)(sang)皮(pi):刷去灰屑,洗(xi)凈,潤透后切絲,曬(shai)干。蜜(mi)桑(sang)(sang)皮(pi):取(qu)(qu)桑(sang)(sang)皮(pi)絲,加煉(lian)(lian)熟(shu)蜂蜜(mi)與開水少許,拌勻,稍悶,置鍋內用文火炒至變(bian)為(wei)黃(huang)(huang)色(se)、不(bu)粘手為(wei)度,取(qu)(qu)出,放涼(liang)。(每桑(sang)(sang)皮(pi)絲100斤(jin),用煉(lian)(lian)熟(shu)蜂蜜(mi)30斤(jin))《雷公炮炙論》:凡使(桑(sang)(sang)白皮(pi))采十年已上(shang)嫩(nen)根(gen),銅(tong)刀剝上(shang)青黃(huang)(huang)薄皮(pi)一重(zhong),只取(qu)(qu)第二重(zhong)白撇青涎者(zhe),用銅(tong)刀鍛了,焙令干,勿使皮(pi)上(shang)涎落,涎是藥力(li)。此藥惡鐵(tie)并鉛。

歸經 : 肺;脾(pi)經(jing)

性味 : 甘;辛;性(xing)寒(han)

注意 : 肺(fei)(fei)虛(xu)無火(huo)力、便多及(ji)風寒(han)咳(ke)嗽(sou)忌服(fu)。1.《本草經集注(zhu)》:續(xu)斷、桂心、麻(ma)干(gan)為之使。2.《本草經疏》:肺(fei)(fei)虛(xu)無火(huo),因寒(han)襲之而發咳(ke)嗽(sou)者勿服(fu)。3.《得配本草》:肺(fei)(fei)虛(xu),小便利者蒙用(yong)。

功能主治 : 瀉肺(fei)平喘(chuan);利水消腫。主肺(fei)熱喘(chuan)痰;水飲停(ting)肺(fei);脹滿喘(chuan)急(ji);水腫;腳(jiao)氣;小便不利

用法用量 : 內服:煎湯(tang),9-15g;或入散劑。外用:適量,搗汁(zhi)涂或煎水洗。

復方 : ①治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)小(xiao)兒肺盛,氣急(ji)(ji)喘(chuan)嗽: 地骨皮(pi)、桑(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)白(bai)(bai)皮(pi)(炒)各(ge)一(yi)(yi)(yi)兩,甘草(炙)一(yi)(yi)(yi)錢。挫(cuo)散,入(ru)棱(leng)米(mi)(mi)(mi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)撮,水(shui)二小(xiao)盞,煎(jian)(jian)七(qi)分,食前(qian)服(fu)(fu)。(刮(gua)(gua)、兒藥(yao)(yao)證直訣》瀉自散)②治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)咳嗽甚看,或有吐血殷鮮: 桑(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)根(gen)白(bai)(bai)皮(pi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)斤。米(mi)(mi)(mi)浴浸三宿(su),凈刮(gua)(gua)上(shang)黃(huang)皮(pi),挫(cuo)細,人糯米(mi)(mi)(mi)四(si)(si)兩,焙干,一(yi)(yi)(yi)處(chu)搗(dao)(dao)為(wei)末。每(mei)服(fu)(fu)米(mi)(mi)(mi)欽調(diao)下(xia)一(yi)(yi)(yi)、二錢。(《經(jing)驗方(fang)(fang)》)③治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)飲(yin)(yin)潮(chao)市,脹滿喘(chuan)急(ji)(ji):桑(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)根(gen)自皮(pi)二錢,麻黃(huang)、桂枝各(ge)一(yi)(yi)(yi)錢五(wu)(wu)(wu)分,杏仁十四(si)(si)粒(li)(去皮(pi)),細辛、干姜各(ge)一(yi)(yi)(yi)錢五(wu)(wu)(wu)分。水(shui)煎(jian)(jian)服(fu)(fu)。(《本草匯言》)④治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)小(xiao)便不利,面(mian)目浮腫: 桑(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)白(bai)(bai)皮(pi)四(si)(si)錢,冬瓜仁五(wu)(wu)(wu)錢,草苗子三錢。煎(jian)(jian)湯(tang)服(fu)(fu)。(《上(shang)海常用中草藥(yao)(yao)》)⑤治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)卒小(xiao)便多(duo),消(xiao)渴: 桑(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)根(gen)自皮(pi),炙令黃(huang)黑(hei),挫(cuo),以水(shui)煮(zhu)之(zhi)令濃(nong),隨(sui)意(yi)飲(yin)(yin)之(zhi);亦可納少(shao)米(mi)(mi)(mi),匆用鹽(yan)。(《肘后(hou)(hou)方(fang)(fang)》)⑥治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)糖尿病(bing): 桑(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)自皮(pi)四(si)(si)錢,拘(ju)把子五(wu)(wu)(wu)錢。煎(jian)(jian)湯(tang)服(fu)(fu)。(《上(shang)海常用中草藥(yao)(yao)》)⑦治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)傳染性肝炎: 鮮桑(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)白(bai)(bai)皮(pi)二兩,白(bai)(bai)糖適量(liang)。水(shui)煎(jian)(jian),分二次服(fu)(fu)。〔《福建中醫(yi)藥(yao)(yao)》(3):26,1961〕⑧治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)產后(hou)(hou)下(xia)血不止:炙桑(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)白(bai)(bai)皮(pi),煮(zhu)水(shui)飲(yin)(yin)之(zhi)。 (《肘后(hou)(hou)方(fang)(fang)》)⑨治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)小(xiao)兒尿灶丹,初從(cong)兩股起,及臍間,走陰頭,皆赤色(se)者:水(shui)二升(sheng)(sheng),桑(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)皮(pi)(切)二升(sheng)(sheng),煮(zhu)取汁,浴之(zhi)。(《千金(jin)(jin)方(fang)(fang)》)⑩治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)石(shi)癰堅如(ru)石(shi),不作膿者: 蜀(shu)桑(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)根(gen)自皮(pi),陰干搗(dao)(dao)末,佯膠,以酒(jiu)和數腫。(《干金(jin)(jin)方(fang)(fang)》)11.治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)娛蟻毒: 桑(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)根(gen)皮(pi)搗(dao)(dao)爛(lan)敷或煎(jian)(jian)洗(xi)。 (《湖(hu)南藥(yao)(yao)物志》)12.治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)墜馬(ma)鋤(chu)損(sun):桑(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)根(gen)白(bai)(bai)皮(pi)五(wu)(wu)(wu)斤。為(wei)末,水(shui)一(yi)(yi)(yi)升(sheng)(sheng),煎(jian)(jian)成膏(gao)。敷于(yu)損(sun)處(chu)。(《經(jing)驗后(hou)(hou)方(fang)(fang)》)

各家論述 : 1. 李杲:桑(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)白(bai)皮(pi)(pi)(pi),甘(gan)以固元氣(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)足而(er)補虛,宰以瀉(xie)(xie)(xie)肺(fei)(fei)(fei)氣(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)有余而(er)止嗽(sou)。又桑(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)自(zi)皮(pi)(pi)(pi)瀉(xie)(xie)(xie)肺(fei)(fei)(fei), 然性不(bu)(bu)(bu)純良(liang),不(bu)(bu)(bu)宜多用。2.《綱目》:桑(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)自(zi)皮(pi)(pi)(pi),長(chang)于利小(xiao)水(shui),乃(nai)實則瀉(xie)(xie)(xie)其(qi)子也(ye),故肺(fei)(fei)(fei)中有水(shui)氣(qi)及肺(fei)(fei)(fei)火有余者宜之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。十劑(ji)云,燥可去濕,桑(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)白(bai)皮(pi)(pi)(pi)、赤(chi)小(xiao)豆之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)屬是(shi)矣。宋(song)醫錢(qian)乙治肺(fei)(fei)(fei)氣(qi)熱盛(sheng),咳(ke)嗽(sou)而(er)后喘,面腫身(shen)熱,瀉(xie)(xie)(xie)白(bai)散(san)。桑(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)自(zi)皮(pi)(pi)(pi)、地召皮(pi)(pi)(pi)皆能瀉(xie)(xie)(xie)火從小(xiao)便(bian)去,甘(gan)草瀉(xie)(xie)(xie)火而(er)緩中,粳米(mi)清肺(fei)(fei)(fei)而(er)養血, 此乃(nai)瀉(xie)(xie)(xie)肺(fei)(fei)(fei)諸方之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)準繩(sheng)也(ye)。元醫羅天益言其(qi)瀉(xie)(xie)(xie)肺(fei)(fei)(fei)中伏火而(er)補正(zheng)氣(qi),瀉(xie)(xie)(xie)邪所(suo)以補正(zheng)也(ye)。若肺(fei)(fei)(fei)虛而(er)小(xiao)便(bian)利看(kan),不(bu)(bu)(bu)宜用之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。3.《藥(yao)品化義》:桑(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)皮(pi)(pi)(pi),散(san)熱,主治喘滿(man)咳(ke)嗽(sou),熱痰(tan)唾血,皆由實邪郁(yu)遏(e),肺(fei)(fei)(fei)竅不(bu)(bu)(bu)得通暢,借此滲之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)散(san)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),以利肺(fei)(fei)(fei)氣(qi),諸證自(zi)愈。故云瀉(xie)(xie)(xie)肺(fei)(fei)(fei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)有余,非(fei)桑(sang)(sang)(sang)(sang)皮(pi)(pi)(pi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)可。以此治皮(pi)(pi)(pi)里膜外水(shui)氣(qi)浮(fu)(fu)腫及肌膚邪熱,浮(fu)(fu)風(feng)燥癢,悉能去之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。 同(tong)甘(gan)菊、扁豆通鼻塞熱壅,合沙參(can)、黃芪止腸紅下血皆效。

摘錄 : 《中華(hua)本草》

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