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猴頭菌

中醫世家 2023-05-03 07:44:35

《全國中草藥匯編》:猴頭菌

別名 : 猴頭、刺猬(wei)(wei)菌(jun)、猬(wei)(wei)菌(jun)

來源 : 真(zhen)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)類擔子(zi)(zi)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)綱多孔(kong)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)目齒菌(jun)(jun)(jun)科猴頭菌(jun)(jun)(jun)Hericium erinaceus (Bull. ex Fr.) Pers.,以(yi)子(zi)(zi)實體入藥。

生境分布 : 生于櫟、胡桃等(deng)闊葉(xie)樹種的立木及(ji)腐木上。

性味 : 甘,平。

功能主治 : 利五臟,助消化(hua)。主(zhu)治消化(hua)不良,神經(jing)衰(shuai)弱(ruo)、身體虛弱(ruo)。

用法用量 : 消化不良:猴頭菌2兩,水浸軟(ruan),切成薄片,水煎服,日(ri)(ri)服2次,黃酒為引。神經衰弱、身體虛弱:猴頭菌(干品)5兩,切片與雞共煮(zhu)食用,日(ri)(ri)服1次(或(huo)用雞湯煮(zhu)食)。

備注 : (1)據(ju)文獻,本(ben)品子實體內含抗癌物(wu)質。(2)還有一種(zhong)小刺猴頭(tou)菌Herieium captmedusae (Bull. ex Fr.) Pers.,刺密而短,效用(yong)同猴頭(tou)菌。

摘錄 : 《全國中(zhong)草藥匯(hui)編》

《中華本草》:猴頭菌

拼音注音 : Hóu Tóu Jūn

別名 : 猴(hou)菇、猬菌、刺(ci)猬菌、小刺(ci)猴(hou)頭、猴(hou)頭菇

英文名 : Hericium

出處 : 始(shi)載(zai)于《新華本(ben)草綱(gang)要》。

來源 : 藥材基源:為齒菌(jun)科真(zhen)菌(jun)猴頭菌(jun)、珊瑚狀猴頭菌(jun)的(de)子實體。拉丁(ding)植物動物礦物名:Hericium erinaceus(Bull.ex Fr.)Pers.[Hydnum erinaceus Bull.ex Fr.,Hericium caput-medusae Pers.];Hericium coralloides(Scop.ex Fr.)Pers.ex Gray[Hydnum coralloides Scop.ex Fr.]

生境分布 : 生態環境:1.生于(yu)(yu)(yu)櫟等(deng)闊(kuo)葉(xie)樹倒、腐木上(shang)。2.生于(yu)(yu)(yu)云(yun)杉、冷杉等(deng)的枯(ku)腐木上(shang)。資源分布:1.分布于(yu)(yu)(yu)東北、華北、西(xi)南及甘肅、上(shang)海、浙江、河南、廣西(xi)、西(xi)藏等(deng)地(di)。2.分布于(yu)(yu)(yu)黑龍江、吉林、內蒙古、新疆、四(si)川、云(yun)南、西(xi)藏等(deng)地(di)。

原形態 : 1.懸于(yu)(yu)樹干上(shang),少數座(zuo)生(sheng),長徑5-20cm,最初肉質,后變硬,個(ge)別子實(shi)(shi)體(ti)(ti)干燥后菌(jun)(jun)肉有(you)木栓化傾向(xiang),有(you)空腔,松軟。新(xin)鮮時白色(se)(se),有(you)時帶(dai)淺玫瑰色(se)(se),干燥后黃色(se)(se)至褐色(se)(se)。菌(jun)(jun)刺(ci)(ci)(ci)長2-6cm,粗1-2mm,針形(xing),末端漸尖,直或稍彎曲,下垂(chui),單生(sheng)于(yu)(yu)子實(shi)(shi)體(ti)(ti)表面之中,下部、上(shang)部刺(ci)(ci)(ci)退(tui)化或發育不充分(fen)(fen)。菌(jun)(jun)絲薄壁,具隔膜(mo),有(you)時具鎖(suo)狀(zhuang)聯合(he)。菌(jun)(jun)絲直徑10-20μm。囊狀(zhuang)體(ti)(ti)內(nei)有(you)顆(ke)粒狀(zhuang)物(wu),直徑10μm左右。孢子近球形(xing),無(wu)(wu)色(se)(se),光滑,含(han)有(you)1個(ge)大油滴,(4-5)μm×(5-6.5)μm。2.珊瑚(hu)狀(zhuang)猴頭菌(jun)(jun) 子實(shi)(shi)體(ti)(ti)肉質,通(tong)常有(you)數個(ge)軟而韌的短小(xiao)主(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi),各(ge)主(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)又多次分(fen)(fen)枝(zhi)(zhi),形(xing)似珊瑚(hu),長10-30cm,主(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)基部有(you)時愈合(he)成塊。整個(ge)子實(shi)(shi)體(ti)(ti)鮮時純白色(se)(se),干后變硬,淺黃色(se)(se)。主(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)和分(fen)(fen)枝(zhi)(zhi)上(shang)生(sheng)有(you)菌(jun)(jun)刺(ci)(ci)(ci)。在分(fen)(fen)枝(zhi)(zhi)上(shang)更為稠密。菌(jun)(jun)刺(ci)(ci)(ci)圓錐形(xing),銳尖,長5-15mm。菌(jun)(jun)絲有(you)鎖(suo)狀(zhuang)聯合(he),孢子近球形(xing),無(wu)(wu)色(se)(se),光滑,含(han)1個(ge)油滴,(5-6)μm×(4-6)μm。

栽培 : 生(sheng)(sheng)物學特性(xing) 猴(hou)(hou)頭(tou)是一種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)木腐(fu)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun),屬中溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)型,菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)絲(si)(si)在(zai)(zai)(zai)6~30℃溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度范圍(wei)內(nei)均可生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang),適(shi)宜溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度25℃左右(you),菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)絲(si)(si)培(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)不(bu)需(xu)要光(guang)線(xian)照射。子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度為(wei)(wei)(wei)18~20℃,氣溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)超過25℃未經定向選(xuan)育(yu)的(de)(de)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)不(bu)形(xing)成子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti),最適(shi)的(de)(de)空氣相對(dui)濕(shi)度為(wei)(wei)(wei)90%~95%,需(xu)一定的(de)(de)散射光(guang)。猴(hou)(hou)頭(tou)為(wei)(wei)(wei)好氣性(xing)真菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun),適(shi)宜在(zai)(zai)(zai)偏酸性(xing)(pH5.5)的(de)(de)環(huan)境條(tiao)(tiao)件(jian)下生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)。培(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)育(yu)技(ji)術 猴(hou)(hou)頭(tou)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)培(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)目前(qian)多采用(yong)瓶(ping)栽方法,藥用(yong)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)絲(si)(si)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)可用(yong)固體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)培(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)或(huo)液(ye)(ye)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)發(fa)酵(jiao)(jiao)生(sheng)(sheng)產。瓶(ping)裝猴(hou)(hou)頭(tou)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)母種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、原種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)及栽培(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)制種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)方法一般(ban)與黑木耳、香菇等(deng)常(chang)規菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)生(sheng)(sheng)產技(ji)術相同,瓶(ping)裝培(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)基(ji)(ji)也用(yong)木屑(xie)、棉子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)殼(ke)、甘蔗渣等(deng)農副產品加(jia)(jia)定量的(de)(de)輔料制成,如木屑(xie)培(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)基(ji)(ji)配方為(wei)(wei)(wei)木屑(xie)78%,麥麩(fu)(fu)20%,石膏粉1%,蔗糖1%,和勻(yun)料后(hou)加(jia)(jia)清(qing)水(shui)拌濕(shi),培(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)料水(shui)分含量一般(ban)為(wei)(wei)(wei)65%~70%,裝瓶(ping)后(hou)高壓滅菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun),在(zai)(zai)(zai)無菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)條(tiao)(tiao)件(jian)下接入(ru)猴(hou)(hou)頭(tou)原種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),移入(ru)培(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)室,保持(chi)室溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)在(zai)(zai)(zai)23~26℃。空氣相對(dui)濕(shi)度70%左右(you),培(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)1個月(yue)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)絲(si)(si)長(chang)(chang)(chang)滿(man)瓶(ping),移入(ru)出菇房(fang)(fang),打(da)開(kai)瓶(ping)塞流(liu)通空氣,室內(nei)濕(shi)度加(jia)(jia)大到(dao)90%~95%,溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度降(jiang)到(dao)20℃左右(you),不(bu)能超過22℃,過高子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)迅速,但球塊小(xiao)、色澤變黃,質量差,如溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度降(jiang)到(dao)16℃,子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)十分緩(huan)慢。出菇房(fang)(fang)應給以散射光(guang),空氣流(liu)通,一般(ban)從(cong)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)蕾形(xing)成到(dao)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)成熟,需(xu)12~17d。頭(tou)茬菇采收(shou)后(hou),隨(sui)即清(qing)除培(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)瓶(ping)表面(mian)殘(can)老的(de)(de)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)絲(si)(si),仍保持(chi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)上述出菇房(fang)(fang)的(de)(de)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)濕(shi)度條(tiao)(tiao)件(jian)下,仍可采收(shou)再生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)實(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)。猴(hou)(hou)頭(tou)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)絲(si)(si)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)液(ye)(ye)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)發(fa)酵(jiao)(jiao)工藝流(liu)程為(wei)(wei)(wei):試(shi)管(guan)斜(xie)面(mian)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)培(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)基(ji)(ji)→一級(ji)(ji)搖(yao)(yao)瓶(ping)(500ml)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)培(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)→二(er)級(ji)(ji)搖(yao)(yao)瓶(ping)(500ml)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)培(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)→種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)罐(guan)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(三級(ji)(ji))培(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)→發(fa)酵(jiao)(jiao)罐(guan)培(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)。斜(xie)面(mian)培(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)基(ji)(ji)為(wei)(wei)(wei)麥麩(fu)(fu)50g(蒸水(shui)取(qu)上清(qing)液(ye)(ye)),葡萄(tao)糖10g,蛋(dan)(dan)白胨2g,KH2PO4 1g,MgSO4·7H2O0.75g,瓊脂20g加(jia)(jia)水(shui)1000ml,pH自然。種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)培(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)基(ji)(ji)成分同上,但不(bu)加(jia)(jia)瓊脂。種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)罐(guan)培(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)基(ji)(ji):葡萄(tao)糖2%,豆餅粉1%,蛋(dan)(dan)白胨或(huo)酵(jiao)(jiao)母膏0.1%,KH2PO4 0.15%,MgSO4·7H2O 0.75%。發(fa)酵(jiao)(jiao)培(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)基(ji)(ji):蔗糖3%,黃豆餅1.5%,蛋(dan)(dan)白胨0.1%,KHNPO4 0.3%,MgSO4·7H2O 0.15%,pH自然。接種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)量為(wei)(wei)(wei)每一斜(xie)面(mian)試(shi)管(guan)接三角瓶(ping)一瓶(ping),一級(ji)(ji)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)接二(er)級(ji)(ji)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)接種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)量10 %,二(er)級(ji)(ji)接三級(ji)(ji)5%。培(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)條(tiao)(tiao)件(jian):一級(ji)(ji)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)旋轉式搖(yao)(yao)床上(200r/min)培(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)4~5d,溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度24~26℃,二(er)級(ji)(ji)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)往(wang)返式搖(yao)(yao)床(90次/min)培(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)3d,溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度26~28℃。種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)罐(guan)培(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)在(zai)(zai)(zai)40L罐(guan)中投(tou)料20L,溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度26~28℃,攪(jiao)拌速度200r/min,培(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)2~3d,通氣量為(wei)(wei)(wei)1:0.3~1:0.5。發(fa)酵(jiao)(jiao)罐(guan)培(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)與種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)罐(guan)基(ji)(ji)本(ben)相同。當發(fa)酵(jiao)(jiao)液(ye)(ye)變為(wei)(wei)(wei)黃棕色、布(bu)滿(man)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)絲(si)(si),殘(can)糖含量在(zai)(zai)(zai)0.2%左右(you),即可終(zhong)止發(fa)酵(jiao)(jiao)。

性狀 : 性狀鑒別 (1)猴頭(tou)菌(jun) 子實(shi)(shi)體(ti)卵(luan)圓形或塊狀,直(zhi)徑(jing)5-20cm,基(ji)部狹窄(zhai)或有(you)短(duan)柄(bing)。表面淺(qian)黃色或淺(qian)褐(he)色,除基(ji)部外(wai),生(sheng)有(you)下垂軟(ruan)刺(ci),長1-3cm,末(mo)端(duan)漸尖。氣(qi)微,味微苦。(2)珊瑚(hu)狀猴頭(tou)菌(jun) 于實(shi)(shi)體(ti)基(ji)部生(sheng)有(you)數枚主(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi),各(ge)主(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)又有(you)短(duan)細小枝(zhi),形似(si)珊瑚(hu)狀;刺(ci)長5-15mm,末(mo)端(duan)銳尖。

化學成分 : 猴(hou)頭(tou)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)子實(shi)體中含(han)猴(hou)頭(tou)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)酮(hericenone)A、B、D、E、F、G、H,猴(hou)頭(tou)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)堿(hericerin),(9R,10S,12Z)-9,10-二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)羥(qian)基(ji)(ji)(ji)-8-氧(yang)(yang)(yang)代-12-十八碳烯(xi)(xi)(xi)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)[(9R,10S,12Z)-9,10-dihydroxy-8-oxo-12-octadecenoic acid)],3-羥(qian)基(ji)(ji)(ji)-4-(3,7-二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)甲(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)基(ji)(ji)(ji)-5-氧(yang)(yang)(yang)代-2,6-辛二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)烯(xi)(xi)(xi)基(ji)(ji)(ji))-5-甲(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)基(ji)(ji)(ji)-苯(ben)(ben)并[1,2-c]呋喃-2-酮[3-hydroxy-4-(3,7-dimethyl-5-oxo-2,6-octadienyl)-5-methoxybenzo[1,2-c]furan-2-one],植物凝集(ji)素(lectin)。干燥子實(shi)體含(han)蛋白質,脂質,纖維及葡(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)聚糖(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)。還含(han)麥(mai)角(jiao)(jiao)甾(zai)醇(ergosterol),3β-O-吡(bi)喃葡(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)萄(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)糖(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)基(ji)(ji)(ji)麥(mai)角(jiao)(jiao)甾(zai)-5,7,22-三烯(xi)(xi)(xi)(3β-O-glucopyranosylergosta-5,7,22-triene),3β,5α,6β-三羥(qian)基(ji)(ji)(ji)麥(mai)角(jiao)(jiao)甾(zai)-7,22-二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)烯(xi)(xi)(xi)(3β,5α,6β-trihydroxyergosta-7,22-diene)即啤酒甾(zai)醇(cerevisterol),3β-O-吡(bi)喃葡(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)萄(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)糖(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)基(ji)(ji)(ji)-5α,6β-二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)羥(qian)基(ji)(ji)(ji)麥(mai)角(jiao)(jiao)甾(zai)-7,22-二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)烯(xi)(xi)(xi)[3β-O-glucopyranosyl-5α,6β-dihydroxyergosta-7,22-diene),3β,5α,9α-三羥(qian)基(ji)(ji)(ji)麥(mai)角(jiao)(jiao)甾(zai)-7,22-二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)烯(xi)(xi)(xi)-6-酮(3β,5α,9α-trihydroxyergosta-7,22-diene-6-one),麥(mai)角(jiao)(jiao)甾(zai)醇過氧(yang)(yang)(yang)化物(ergosterolperoxide),即3β-羥(qian)基(ji)(ji)(ji)-5,8-表(biao)(biao)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)基(ji)(ji)(ji)麥(mai)角(jiao)(jiao)甾(zai)-6,22-二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)烯(xi)(xi)(xi)(3β-hydroxy-5,8-epidioxyergosta-6,22-diene),3β-O-吡(bi)喃葡(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)萄(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)糖(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)基(ji)(ji)(ji)-5,8-表(biao)(biao)二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)基(ji)(ji)(ji)麥(mai)角(jiao)(jiao)甾(zai)-6,22-二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)烯(xi)(xi)(xi)(3β-O-glucopyranosyl-5,8-epidioxyergosta-6,22-diene)。菌(jun)(jun)(jun)絲體培養(yang)物含(han)有(you)猴(hou)頭(tou)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)吡(bi)喃酮(erinapyrone)A、B,4-氯(lv)-3,5-二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)甲(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)基(ji)(ji)(ji)甲(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)苯(ben)(ben)(4-chloro-3,5-Dimethoxytoluene),4-氯(lv)-3,5-二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)甲(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)基(ji)(ji)(ji)苯(ben)(ben)甲(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)醇(4-chloro-3,5-dimethoxybenzyl alcohol),4-氯(lv)-3,5-二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)甲(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)基(ji)(ji)(ji)苯(ben)(ben)甲(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)醛(quan)(4-chloro-3,5-dimethoxybenzaldehyde),4-氯(lv)-3,5-二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)甲(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)基(ji)(ji)(ji)苯(ben)(ben)甲(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)-O-阿(a)拉伯(bo)糖(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)醇酯(zhi)(zhi)(4-chloro-3,5-dimethoxybenzoic-O-arabitolester),4-氯(lv)-3,5-二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)甲(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)基(ji)(ji)(ji)苯(ben)(ben)甲(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)甲(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)酯(zhi)(zhi)(4-chloro-3,5-dimethoxybenzooic-methyl ester),4-氯(lv)-3,5-二(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)甲(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)基(ji)(ji)(ji)苯(ben)(ben)甲(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(4-chloro-3,5-dimethoxybenzoic acid),猴(hou)菇菌(jun)(jun)(jun)素(herierin)Ⅲ、Ⅳ。此外(wai)含(han)3-O-葡(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)萄(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)糖(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)醛(quan)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)基(ji)(ji)(ji)齊(qi)墩果(guo)(guo)(guo)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)-28-葡(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)萄(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)糖(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)酯(zhi)(zhi)甙(dai),3-O-(3'-阿(a)拉伯(bo)糖(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)基(ji)(ji)(ji))-葡(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)萄(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)糖(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)醛(quan)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)基(ji)(ji)(ji)齊(qi)墩果(guo)(guo)(guo)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)-28-葡(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)萄(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)糖(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)酯(zhi)(zhi)甙(dai),3-O-(2'-葡(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)萄(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)糖(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)基(ji)(ji)(ji))-葡(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)萄(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)糖(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)醛(quan)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)基(ji)(ji)(ji)齊(qi)墩果(guo)(guo)(guo)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)-28-葡(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)萄(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)糖(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)酯(zhi)(zhi)甙(dai),3-O-[(2'-木糖(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)基(ji)(ji)(ji))-(3'-阿(a)拉伯(bo)糖(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)基(ji)(ji)(ji))]-葡(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)萄(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)糖(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)醛(quan)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)基(ji)(ji)(ji)齊(qi)墩果(guo)(guo)(guo)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)-28-葡(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)萄(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)糖(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)酪甙(dai),3-O-〔(2'-葡(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)萄(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)糖(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)基(ji)(ji)(ji))-(3'-阿(a)拉伯(bo)糖(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)基(ji)(ji)(ji))]-葡(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)萄(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)糖(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)醛(quan)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)基(ji)(ji)(ji)齊(qi)墩果(guo)(guo)(guo)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)-28-葡(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)萄(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)糖(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)酯(zhi)(zhi)甙(dai)。菌(jun)(jun)(jun)絲和子實(shi)體中含(han)有(you)多糖(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)。

藥理作用 : 1.增(zeng)強免(mian)疫(yi)功(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng) 同基(ji)因(yin)骨(gu)髓移植(zhi)55d后,受體(ti)小(xiao)鼠(shu)(shu)免(mian)疫(yi)功(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)嚴(yan)重(zhong)損害。脾細(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)產(chan)生白(bai)(bai)(bai)介素(su)(su)-2(IL-2)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力等(deng)細(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)免(mian)疫(yi)功(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)明顯(xian)低下(xia),連續腹(fu)(fu)(fu)腔注(zhu)射(she)猴(hou)頭(tou)(tou)菌(jun)多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)糖(tang)(tang)(tang)和(he)胸(xiong)腺肽(tai)15d后,小(xiao)鼠(shu)(shu)脾細(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)產(chan)生IL-2能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力及對刀豆(dou)素(su)(su)A(Con A)刺激的(de)增(zeng)殖(zhi)反(fan)(fan)應和(he)混合淋(lin)巴細(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)培養反(fan)(fan)應,均顯(xian)著增(zeng)強。說(shuo)明猴(hou)頭(tou)(tou)菌(jun)多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)糖(tang)(tang)(tang)與胸(xiong)腺肽(tai)合用(yong)比單獨使用(yong)胸(xiong)腺肽(tai)更能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)明顯(xian)促進同基(ji)因(yin)骨(gu)髓移植(zhi)小(xiao)鼠(shu)(shu)免(mian)疫(yi)功(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)早期(qi)恢復。猴(hou)頭(tou)(tou)菌(jun)多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)糖(tang)(tang)(tang)給(gei)小(xiao)鼠(shu)(shu)腹(fu)(fu)(fu)腔注(zhu)射(she)2mg/只,連續7d,能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)明顯(xian)提高小(xiao)鼠(shu)(shu)腹(fu)(fu)(fu)腔巨噬細(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)的(de)吞噬功(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng);可(ke)(ke)(ke)促進溶血素(su)(su)生成,增(zeng)加體(ti)液免(mian)疫(yi)的(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力。若給(gei)小(xiao)鼠(shu)(shu)腹(fu)(fu)(fu)腔注(zhu)射(she)2.88mg/只,連續8d,則(ze)可(ke)(ke)(ke)明顯(xian)對抗由(you)環(huan)磷(lin)酰胺中毒(du)所(suo)引起的(de)白(bai)(bai)(bai)細(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)下(xia)降(jiang),下(xia)降(jiang)率僅為(wei)對照組(zu)的(de)一半。猴(hou)頭(tou)(tou)菌(jun)多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)糖(tang)(tang)(tang)在體(ti)外對由(you)Con A活(huo)化的(de)小(xiao)鼠(shu)(shu)胸(xiong)腺細(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)有較強的(de)促進增(zeng)殖(zhi)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong),也(ye)可(ke)(ke)(ke)促進脾淋(lin)巴細(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)的(de)增(zeng)殖(zhi),并(bing)對脂(zhi)多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)糖(tang)(tang)(tang)(LPS)刺激的(de)B細(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)也(ye)有協同作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)。2.抑(yi)(yi)瘤作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong) 在Swiss雄性(xing)(xing)小(xiao)鼠(shu)(shu)左前(qian)腋皮下(xia),接(jie)種肉(rou)瘤S180細(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao),然后口(kou)服猴(hou)頭(tou)(tou)菌(jun)多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)糖(tang)(tang)(tang)50mg/kg,100mg/kg,200mg/kg,每日(ri)1次,連續7d,結果(guo)表明,3個劑量(liang)組(zu)對荷瘤生長均有抑(yi)(yi)制(zhi)(zhi)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong);對自然殺傷(NK)細(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)活(huo)性(xing)(xing)有明顯(xian)的(de)激活(huo)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong);荷瘤重(zhong)量(liang)與其相應鼠(shu)(shu)脾NK細(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)活(huo)性(xing)(xing)呈(cheng)負(fu)相關(guan)猴(hou)頭(tou)(tou)菌(jun)還能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)抑(yi)(yi)制(zhi)(zhi)黃(huang)曲霉素(su)(su)對大鼠(shu)(shu)的(de)致肝癌(ai)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong),減少肝切面的(de)病灶(zao)數。3.抗潰(kui)瘍(yang)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)及降(jiang)血糖(tang)(tang)(tang)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong) 通過(guo)胃蛋白(bai)(bai)(bai)酶抑(yi)(yi)制(zhi)(zhi)吸(xi)附(fu)實驗,證明猴(hou)菇(gu)菌(jun)片治療胃潰(kui)瘍(yang)的(de)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)機制(zhi)(zhi),可(ke)(ke)(ke)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)是由(you)于抑(yi)(yi)制(zhi)(zhi)胃蛋白(bai)(bai)(bai)酶活(huo)性(xing)(xing)而促進潰(kui)瘍(yang)愈合。猴(hou)頭(tou)(tou)菌(jun)多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)糖(tang)(tang)(tang)可(ke)(ke)(ke)降(jiang)低小(xiao)鼠(shu)(shu)正常(chang)血糖(tang)(tang)(tang)和(he)四氫(qing)嘧啶所(suo)致糖(tang)(tang)(tang)尿病小(xiao)鼠(shu)(shu)的(de)血糖(tang)(tang)(tang)水平。4.延緩衰(shuai)老(lao)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong) 猴(hou)頭(tou)(tou)菌(jun)絲體(ti)多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)糖(tang)(tang)(tang)和(he)子實體(ti)多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)糖(tang)(tang)(tang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)顯(xian)著增(zeng)加果(guo)蠅(ying)飛翔能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力,降(jiang)低剛孵化果(guo)蠅(ying)和(he)小(xiao)鼠(shu)(shu)心肌組(zu)織脂(zhi)褐質含量(liang),并(bing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)增(zeng)加小(xiao)鼠(shu)(shu)腦和(he)肝臟中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的(de)比活(huo)力。

歸經 : 入脾、胃經

性味 : 甘;平

功能主治 : 健(jian)脾養胃;安神(shen);抗癌。主體(ti)虛乏力;消化不良;失眠;胃與十(shi)二指腸潰(kui)瘍;慢性胃炎(yan);消化道腫(zhong)瘤

用法用量 : 內服:煎湯(tang),10~30g,鮮品30~100g;或與雞共(gong)煮食。

各家論述 : 1.《臨(lin)海水土異物志(zhi)》:民皆(jie)好啖猴(hou)頭(tou)羹(geng),雖五肉臛不(bu)能及之,其俗言:寧負千石(shi)之粟,不(bu)愿負猴(hou)頭(tou)羹(geng)CONG。2.《農政(zheng)全書(shu)》:如無花、麻姑、猴(hou)頭(tou)之屬,皆(jie)草(cao)(cao)木根腐壞而(er)成者。3.《新華本(ben)草(cao)(cao)綱(gang)要(yao)》:全草(cao)(cao):味甘,性平。有(you)利五臟、助消化、滋補、抗(kang)癌(ai)等(deng)功能。與本(ben)品(pin)有(you)類(lei)似功效,且分布區相近(jin)(jin)似的(de)尚有(you)以下兩個近(jin)(jin)緣種:玉髯 H. Coralloides(Scop.Fr.) Pers, ex Gtay 及分枝猴(hou)頭(tou)菌 H.ramosum(Bull. Ex Merat。) Letellier.

摘錄 : 《中華本草》

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