拼音注音 : Shǐ Jūn Zǐ
別名 : 留球(qiu)子
英文名 : FRUCTUS QUISQUALIS
來源 : 本品為使(shi)君子科(ke)植物使(shi)君子Quisqualis indica L.的干(gan)燥成熟果(guo)實。秋季果(guo)皮變(bian)紫黑色時采收,除去雜(za)質,干(gan)燥。
性狀 : 本品呈(cheng)橢(tuo)圓(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)或(huo)卵圓(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing),具5條縱棱,偶(ou)有(you)(you)4~9棱,長(chang)(chang)2.5~4cm,直徑(jing)約2cm。表面黑(hei)褐(he)色至紫(zi)黑(hei)色,平滑(hua),微(wei)(wei)具光澤。頂端狹尖,基(ji)部鈍(dun)圓(yuan)(yuan),有(you)(you)明顯圓(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)的(de)果梗痕。質堅硬,橫切面多(duo)(duo)呈(cheng)五(wu)角星形(xing)(xing),棱角處殼較厚,中間(jian)呈(cheng)類(lei)圓(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)空(kong)腔。種子長(chang)(chang)橢(tuo)圓(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)或(huo)紡錘形(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)約2cm,直徑(jing)約1cm;表面棕褐(he)色或(huo)黑(hei)褐(he)色,有(you)(you)多(duo)(duo)數縱皺紋(wen);種皮(pi)薄,易剝離(li);子葉(xie)2,黃白色,有(you)(you)油性,斷面有(you)(you)裂紋(wen)。氣微(wei)(wei)香,味(wei)微(wei)(wei)甜。
貯藏 : 置通風干燥處,防霉,防蛀。
炮制 : 使(shi)君(jun)(jun)子(zi):除(chu)去(qu)雜質。用(yong)時搗碎。使(shi)君(jun)(jun)子(zi)仁(ren)(ren)(ren):取(qu)凈(jing)使(shi)君(jun)(jun)子(zi) 除(chu)去(qu)外殼。炒使(shi)君(jun)(jun)子(zi)仁(ren)(ren)(ren):取(qu)使(shi)君(jun)(jun)子(zi)仁(ren)(ren)(ren),照清炒法(fa)(附錄Ⅱ D)炒至(zhi)有香氣。
歸經 : 歸脾、胃經。
性味 : 甘,溫。
注意 : 服藥時忌飲濃茶。
功能主治 : 殺蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)消積。用(yong)于(yu)蛔蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)、蟯蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)病,蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)積腹(fu)痛,小兒疳積。
用法用量 : 使(shi)君(jun)子(zi)9~12g,搗碎入煎(jian)劑;使(shi)君(jun)子(zi)仁6~9g,多入丸散用或單用,作1~2次(ci)分服。
備注 : (1)大量服(fu)用能(neng)引起呃逆、眩暈、精神不(bu)振、惡心,甚(shen)至嘔吐、腹(fu)瀉等反(fan)應。與茶同(tong)服(fu)亦能(neng)引起呃逆。
摘錄 : 《中國藥(yao)典》
拼音注音 : Shǐ Jūn Zǐ
別名 : 留求子(zi)(《南方草(cao)木狀(zhuang)》),史君子(zi)(侯(hou)寧極《藥諾》),五(wu)梭(suo)子(zi)(《藥材資料匯(hui)編》),索(suo)子(zi)果(guo)(《南寧市藥物志》),冬均(jun)子(zi)、病柑子(zi)(《中藥材手冊》)。
出處 : 《開(kai)寶本草》
來源 : 為(wei)使君子(zi)科植物使君子(zi)的成(cheng)熟果實(shi)。9~10月間(jian)種(zhong)子(zi)成(cheng)熟,果皮變紫黑色時采摘(zhai),曬干或(huo)用微火烘干,即為(wei)使君子(zi),一稱"殼君子(zi)"。置通風干燥處,防蛀。
生境分布 : 生于平原灌木叢或(huo)路旁。分布福建(jian)、臺灣、廣西、江西、湖南、四川、貴州(zhou)、云南及廣東海南島(dao)等地。主產(chan)四川、廣東、廣西。此外,福建(jian)、江西、云南、貴州(zhou)等地亦產(chan)。
原形態 : 藤狀(zhuang)灌木,嫩(nen)枝幼葉(xie)具黃色(se)(se)(se)柔毛(mao)。葉(xie)對生,長(chang)(chang)圓形(xing)(xing)(xing)或(huo)(huo)長(chang)(chang)圓妝披(pi)針形(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)4.5~15厘(li)(li)米,寬2~6厘(li)(li)米,先(xian)端漸(jian)尖,基部(bu)圓形(xing)(xing)(xing)或(huo)(huo)略(lve)呈心臟形(xing)(xing)(xing),全(quan)緣(yuan),老葉(xie)下(xia)(xia)面,尤以葉(xie)脈及邊緣(yuan)處存(cun)留柔毛(mao);葉(xie)柄長(chang)(chang)5~15毫米,下(xia)(xia)部(bu)有關節。葉(xie)落(luo)后(hou)(hou)關節以下(xia)(xia)部(bu)分成為(wei)棘(ji)狀(zhuang)物(wu);穗(sui)狀(zhuang)花序生于(yu)(yu)枝條的頂端,下(xia)(xia)垂,略(lve)有芳香;每花下(xia)(xia)具有苞片1枚,披(pi)針形(xing)(xing)(xing)或(huo)(huo)線形(xing)(xing)(xing),脫(tuo)落(luo)性(xing);萼(e)(e)筒(tong)細管狀(zhuang),伸出于(yu)(yu)子(zi)房上,長(chang)(chang)約6厘(li)(li)米,先(xian)端5裂齒,短三(san)角形(xing)(xing)(xing),有柔毛(mao)及腺毛(mao);花瓣5,長(chang)(chang)圓形(xing)(xing)(xing)或(huo)(huo)倒卵形(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)約1厘(li)(li)米,先(xian)端圓,基部(bu)寬楔形(xing)(xing)(xing),與萼(e)(e)齒互生,蕾呈紫紅(hong)(hong)色(se)(se)(se),而被覆(fu)蓋的1/2部(bu)分呈白色(se)(se)(se),開放后(hou)(hou)漸(jian)轉紫紅(hong)(hong)色(se)(se)(se);雄蕊10,排成上下(xia)(xia)兩輪(lun),花絲著于(yu)(yu)萼(e)(e)筒(tong),上輪(lun)5枚外露;雌蕊1,子(zi)房下(xia)(xia)位,圓柱狀(zhuang)紡錘形(xing)(xing)(xing),有5縱枝,具柔毛(mao)及腺毛(mao),花柱細長(chang)(chang),外露,下(xia)(xia)部(bu)與萼(e)(e)筒(tong)合生,柱頭短。果實橄欖狀(zhuang),長(chang)(chang)2.5~4厘(li)(li)米,黑褐色(se)(se)(se)或(huo)(huo)棕(zong)色(se)(se)(se),有5棱(leng)。花期(qi)5~9月。果期(qi)6~10月。本植(zhi)物(wu)的根(使君子(zi)根)、葉(xie)(使君子(zi)葉(xie))亦供藥用,各詳(xiang)專條。
性狀 : 干(gan)燥果實長卵形或橢圓形,具5條縱(zong)棱(leng),兩端(duan)尖,形如棱(leng)狀,長2.5~4厘(li)米,直(zhi)徑1.5~2厘(li)米。外殼黑褐色(se)或紫黑色(se),平滑(hua),微有(you)(you)光澤(ze);質堅硬(ying),體(ti)輕,不易折斷。切(qie)斷面(mian)五(wu)角星形,棱(leng)角部皮(pi)較(jiao)厚。內藏種子(zi)(zi)一粒(li)。種仁狹紡錘形,長1.8~2.6厘(li)米,直(zhi)徑0.6~1厘(li)米。種皮(pi)灰白色(se),有(you)(you)黑灰斑塊,質薄(bo),易剝離而(er)露出(chu)黃色(se)的子(zi)(zi)葉,表面(mian)有(you)(you)多(duo)數縱(zong)皺紋。子(zi)(zi)葉2片(pian),肥厚,邊緣不整齊,胚(pei)根不明(ming)顯。氣(qi)微香;炒熟后較(jiao)顯著(zhu),味淡。以(yi)個大、顆粒(li)飽滿(man)、種仁色(se)黃、味香甜(tian)而(er)帶(dai)油性者為佳。
化學成分 : 種子(zi)含(han)使君子(zi)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)鉀,并(bing)含(han)脂肪油(you)(you)20~27%。油(you)(you)中含(han)油(you)(you)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)48.2%、棕樹酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)29.2%、硬脂酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)9.1%、亞油(you)(you)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)9.0%、肉(rou)豆蔻酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)4.5%、花(hua)生酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)、甾醇。種子(zi)尚含(han)蔗糖、葡萄糖、果糖、戊聚(ju)糖、蘋(pin)果酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)、檸(ning)檬酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)、琥珀酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)、生物(wu)堿(jian)如N-甲(jia)基煙酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)內鹽、脯氨酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)等。果殼(ke)也含(han)使君子(zi)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)鉀。花(hua)含(han)矢車菊素單糖甙。
藥理作用 : ①驅(qu)(qu)蟲(chong)(chong)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)在(zai)(zai)(zai)體外(wai)試驗(yan)中(zhong),使(shi)(shi)君(jun)(jun)(jun)子(zi)對(dui)(dui)豬蛔(hui)(hui)、蚯(qiu)(qiu)蚓、螞(ma)蝗(huang)均有(you)(you)較(jiao)強的(de)(de)驅(qu)(qu)除效(xiao)能,并(bing)認為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)早年報(bao)告(gao)(gao)使(shi)(shi)君(jun)(jun)(jun)子(zi)無驅(qu)(qu)蟲(chong)(chong)效(xiao)力(li)(li)(li),乃因(yin)藥(yao)品過于陳舊之(zhi)(zhi)故(gu)。用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)豬蛔(hui)(hui)首部(bu)(bu)描記法,證(zheng)明(ming)使(shi)(shi)君(jun)(jun)(jun)子(zi)仁(ren)的(de)(de)提(ti)取物,在(zai)(zai)(zai)體外(wai)確有(you)(you)麻(ma)痹豬蛔(hui)(hui)首部(bu)(bu)的(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。并(bing)證(zheng)明(ming)其(qi)(qi)(qi)有(you)(you)效(xiao)成分為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)水溶性,甲(jia)醇中(zhong)亦(yi)溶之(zhi)(zhi),石(shi)油醚不溶,氯仿及(ji)純(chun)乙醇似(si)亦(yi)不溶。至于其(qi)(qi)(qi)驅(qu)(qu)蟲(chong)(chong)有(you)(you)效(xiao)成分究是何物,尚有(you)(you)爭論。早期有(you)(you)人多方證(zheng)明(ming)使(shi)(shi)君(jun)(jun)(jun)子(zi)對(dui)(dui)蚯(qiu)(qiu)蚓的(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)可由其(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)所(suo)含之(zhi)(zhi)鉀(jia)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)說明(ming)之(zhi)(zhi),但鉀(jia)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)對(dui)(dui)豬蛔(hui)(hui)并(bing)無作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong),以蚯(qiu)(qiu)蚓作(zuo)(zuo)驅(qu)(qu)蟲(chong)(chong)試驗(yan),實(shi)不可靠。曾從使(shi)(shi)君(jun)(jun)(jun)子(zi)中(zhong)提(ti)取使(shi)(shi)君(jun)(jun)(jun)子(zi)酸(suan)鉀(jia),認為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)系驅(qu)(qu)蟲(chong)(chong)的(de)(de)有(you)(you)效(xiao)成分,但遭到懷疑,因(yin)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)一(yi)則僅在(zai)(zai)(zai)蚯(qiu)(qiu)蚓身上有(you)(you)效(xiao),二則使(shi)(shi)君(jun)(jun)(jun)子(zi)酸(suan)的(de)(de)鈉鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)即使(shi)(shi)對(dui)(dui)蚯(qiu)(qiu)蚓也并(bing)無作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。后來試驗(yan)使(shi)(shi)君(jun)(jun)(jun)子(zi)酸(suan)鉀(jia)在(zai)(zai)(zai)玻(bo)管中(zhong)對(dui)(dui)整體豬蛔(hui)(hui)有(you)(you)抑(yi)制現象(xiang),但作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)較(jiao)弱。在(zai)(zai)(zai)臨床(chuang)試驗(yan)中(zhong),亦(yi)證(zheng)明(ming)使(shi)(shi)君(jun)(jun)(jun)子(zi)酸(suan)鉀(jia)的(de)(de)驅(qu)(qu)蛔(hui)(hui)能力(li)(li)(li)與新(xin)鮮使(shi)(shi)君(jun)(jun)(jun)子(zi)仁(ren)的(de)(de)效(xiao)力(li)(li)(li)相近,而遜于山道(dao)年。亦(yi)有(you)(you)報(bao)告(gao)(gao)其(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)所(suo)含的(de)(de)吡啶與驅(qu)(qu)蟲(chong)(chong)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)有(you)(you)關。另報(bao)告(gao)(gao)使(shi)(shi)君(jun)(jun)(jun)子(zi)固定油與蓖麻(ma)油混合(he)劑(ji)對(dui)(dui)動物與人排蟲(chong)(chong)率高(gao),且(qie)無顯著(zhu)副作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(如呃逆、嘔吐)。②其(qi)(qi)(qi)他(ta)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)使(shi)(shi)君(jun)(jun)(jun)子(zi)粉劑(ji)對(dui)(dui)自然(ran)感染的(de)(de)鼠(shu)蟯蟲(chong)(chong)病有(you)(you)一(yi)定的(de)(de)驅(qu)(qu)蟯作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。與百部(bu)(bu)粉劑(ji)合(he)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong),效(xiao)力(li)(li)(li)較(jiao)單用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)時好,且(qie)對(dui)(dui)幼(you)蟲(chong)(chong)亦(yi)稍有(you)(you)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。水浸劑(ji)(1:3)在(zai)(zai)(zai)試管中(zhong)對(dui)(dui)某(mou)些皮膚真菌有(you)(you)某(mou)些抑(yi)制作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。
炮制 : 使君子仁:除去外殼,取凈仁。炒(chao)(chao)使君子仁:置鍋內用文(wen)火炒(chao)(chao)至微有香氣,取出,放(fang)涼。
歸經 : 入(ru)脾(pi)、胃經(jing)。①《雷公炮制藥性解》:"入(ru)脾(pi)、胃二經(jing)。"②《本草新編》:"入(ru)脾(pi)、胃、大腸。"③《本草經(jing)解》:"入(ru)足(zu)厥陰(yin)肝經(jing)、足(zu)太陰(yin)脾(pi)經(jing)。"
性味 : 甘(gan),溫(wen)。有毒(du)。①《開寶本(ben)草(cao)》:"味甘(gan),溫(wen),無(wu)毒(du)。"②《本(ben)草(cao)正》:"味甘(gan),氣(qi)溫(wen),有小毒(du)。"
注意 : 服藥時忌(ji)(ji)飲(yin)熱茶。大量服用(yong)能引起呃逆、眩暈,嘔吐等反應。①《綱(gang)目(mu)》:"忌(ji)(ji)飲(yin)熱茶,犯之(zhi)即瀉。"②《本(ben)(ben)草經疏》:"忌(ji)(ji)食熱物(wu)。"③《本(ben)(ben)草匯言(yan)》:"脾(pi)胃虛(xu)寒之(zhi)子,又(you)不宜多(duo)用(yong),多(duo)食則發呃。""茍無蟲積,服之(zhi)必致損人。"
功能主治 : 殺蟲(chong),消積(ji),健脾。治蛔(hui)蟲(chong)腹痛,小(xiao)兒(er)疳積(ji),乳(ru)食停滯,腹脹,瀉(xie)痢。①《開寶本草(cao)》:"主(zhu)小(xiao)兒(er)五疳,小(xiao)便白濁,療瀉(xie)痢。"②《綱目》:"健脾胃,除虛(xu)熱(re)。治小(xiao)兒(er)百病瘡癬(xian)。"
用法用量 : 內(nei)服:煎(jian)湯,3~5錢(qian);或入丸、散。
復方 : ①治(zhi)小兒(er)(er)蛔蟲咬痛(tong),口吐清沫:使(shi)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(去(qu)殼)為(wei)極細(xi)末(mo),用米(mi)飲(yin)調,五(wu)更早空(kong)心服(fu)。(《補要袖珍小兒(er)(er)方(fang)(fang)論(lun)》使(shi)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)散)②治(zhi)小兒(er)(er)疳(gan)蛔:使(shi)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)十個(ge)(ge)(瓦上(shang)炒(chao),為(wei)末(mo)),甘(gan)草(膽汁(zhi)浸一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)夕)、白蕪荑各一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)分(fen)(fen),苦楝子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)五(wu)個(ge)(ge)(炮,去(qu)核)。上(shang)末(mo)之,每(mei)服(fu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)錢(qian),水煎服(fu)。(《幼科準(zhun)繩》使(shi)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)散)③治(zhi)小兒(er)(er)五(wu)疳(gan),脾(pi)胃不和(he),心腹膨脹,時復疞痛(tong),不進飲(yin)食,漸(jian)致羸瘦(shou)(shou):厚(hou)樸(pu)(去(qu)皮(pi),姜(jiang)(jiang)汁(zhi)炙)、陳皮(pi)(去(qu)白)、川芎各一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)分(fen)(fen),使(shi)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)仁(ren)(浸,去(qu)黑皮(pi))一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)兩(liang)。上(shang)為(wei)細(xi)末(mo)。煉蜜(mi)丸(wan)(wan)(wan)如皂子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)大(da)。三(san)(san)(san)歲以上(shang)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)粒,三(san)(san)(san)歲以下半粒,陳米(mi)飲(yin)化(hua)下。(《局方(fang)(fang)》使(shi)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)丸(wan)(wan)(wan))④治(zhi)小兒(er)(er)痞塊(kuai)腹大(da),肌瘦(shou)(shou)面(mian)(mian)黃,漸(jian)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)疳(gan)疾(ji):使(shi)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)仁(ren)三(san)(san)(san)錢(qian),木(mu)鱉(bie)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)仁(ren)五(wu)錢(qian)。為(wei)末(mo),水丸(wan)(wan)(wan)龍(long)眼大(da)。每(mei)以一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)丸(wan)(wan)(wan),用雞(ji)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)破(po)頂(ding),入(ru)藥在內(nei),飯(fan)上(shang)蒸(zheng)熱,空(kong)心食。(《簡便單方(fang)(fang)》)⑤治(zhi)黃病(bing)愛吃生米(mi)、茶葉、桴炭、泥土、瓦屑之類(lei):使(shi)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)肉(rou)二(er)兩(liang)(切(qie)碎,微炒(chao)),檳(bin)榔二(er)兩(liang),南星三(san)(san)(san)兩(liang)(俱(ju)用姜(jiang)(jiang)汁(zhi)拌炒(chao))。共為(wei)末(mo),紅曲打糊為(wei)丸(wan)(wan)(wan),如梧桐子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)大(da)。每(mei)服(fu)百余丸(wan)(wan)(wan),烏梅,花椒湯(tang)送下。(《萬(wan)病(bing)回春(chun)》)⑥治(zhi)蟲牙疼(teng)痛(tong):使(shi)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)煎湯(tang),頻漱。(《瀕湖集簡方(fang)(fang)》)⑦治(zhi)頭瘞面(mian)(mian)瘡:使(shi)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)仁(ren),以香(xiang)油少許,浸三(san)(san)(san)、五(wu)個(ge)(ge),臨臥時細(xi)嚼,香(xiang)油送下,久而(er)自愈(yu)。(《普濟(ji)方(fang)(fang)》)⑧小兒(er)(er)脾(pi)疳(gan)。用使(shi)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)、蘆(lu)薈,等分(fen)(fen)為(wei)末(mo)。每(mei)服(fu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)錢(qian),米(mi)湯(tang)送下。⑨小兒(er)(er)痞塊(kuai)(腹大(da),肌瘦(shou)(shou)而(er)黃,漸(jian)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)疳(gan)疾(ji))。用使(shi)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)仁(ren)三(san)(san)(san)錢(qian)、木(mu)鱉(bie)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)仁(ren)五(wu)錢(qian),共研(yan)(yan)為(wei)末(mo),滴水做(zuo)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)丸(wan)(wan)(wan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),如龍(long)眼大(da)。每(mei)取一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)丸(wan)(wan)(wan),放入(ru)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)破(po)了頂(ding)的雞(ji)蛋中,飯(fan)上(shang)蒸(zheng)熟,空(kong)心服(fu)。⑩蛔蟲病(bing)。用使(shi)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)為(wei)末(mo),五(wu)更時以米(mi)湯(tang)調服(fu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)錢(qian)。⑾小兒(er)(er)虛腫(頭面(mian)(mian)、陰(yin)囊都有浮腫)。用使(shi)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)兩(liang),去(qu)殼,加(jia)蜜(mi)五(wu)錢(qian)炙炙藥,研(yan)(yan)細(xi)。每(mei)服(fu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)錢(qian),飯(fan)后服(fu),米(mi)湯(tang)送下。⑿蟲牙疼(teng)痛(tong)。有使(shi)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)煎湯(tang)頻嗽(sou)。
臨床應用 : ①治(zhi)(zhi)療(liao)(liao)(liao)蛔蟲(chong)病(bing)使(shi)君(jun)子(zi)用(yong)于(yu)(yu)驅蛔,近(jin)代(dai)作了(le)較(jiao)(jiao)多觀(guan)察,但(dan)(dan)結果(guo)不(bu)盡一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)致。據數十例(li)至數百例(li)的(de)報告,服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)后的(de)排蟲(chong)率(lv)自30左(zuo)右至86%不(bu)等,大(da)(da)便復查蟲(chong)卵陰轉率(lv)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)約在30~40%上(shang)下,但(dan)(dan)亦(yi)(yi)(yi)有(you)低(di)(di)至15.4%的(de)。有(you)人(ren)認為(wei)(wei)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)后多數患者(zhe)蛔蟲(chong)不(bu)能(neng)1次(ci)(ci)驅凈(jing),有(you)重復用(yong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)必(bi)要(yao);但(dan)(dan)也有(you)指出,反(fan)復用(yong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)并(bing)無多大(da)(da)裨益。用(yong)法:使(shi)君(jun)子(zi)仁(生仁或(huo)炒(chao)至香脆)嚼(jiao)碎(sui)吞(tun)(tun)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu),或(huo)然干研末開水送服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu),亦(yi)(yi)(yi)可(ke)制成(cheng)煎劑(ji)(ji)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)用(yong)。每(mei)(mei)日1決于(yu)(yu)空(kong)腹時(shi)或(huo)食后2小時(shi)左(zuo)右服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)下,或(huo)每(mei)(mei)日2~3次(ci)(ci)分(fen)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu),或(huo)連(lian)(lian)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)2~3日。部分(fen)病(bing)例(li)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)后曾加(jia)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)瀉劑(ji)(ji)。劑(ji)(ji)量(liang):有(you)按每(mei)(mei)歲(sui)1粒(li)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)用(yong)的(de),有(you)按每(mei)(mei)歲(sui)1克(ke)或(huo)每(mei)(mei)歲(sui)加(jia)1克(ke)(例(li)如(ru)2歲(sui)為(wei)(wei)3克(ke),3歲(sui)為(wei)(wei)4克(ke),余類(lei)推)給(gei)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de),有(you)按每(mei)(mei)公斤體(ti)重0.5克(ke)計算為(wei)(wei)1日量(liang)的(de),亦(yi)(yi)(yi)有(you)按年齡(ling)大(da)(da)小給(gei)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)5~10克(ke)不(bu)等的(de)。但(dan)(dan)似以1歲(sui)1克(ke)或(huo)1歲(sui)加(jia)1克(ke),最(zui)高(gao)量(liang)不(bu)超(chao)過10或(huo)16克(ke);及按年齡(ling)大(da)(da)小給(gei)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)10克(ke)(12歲(sui)以下)或(huo)20克(ke)(13歲(sui)以上(shang))者(zhe)效果(guo)較(jiao)(jiao)好(hao)。療(liao)(liao)(liao)效高(gao)低(di)(di)與用(yong)法、劑(ji)(ji)量(liang)等有(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)定關系。煎劑(ji)(ji)效果(guo)不(bu)及原藥(yao)(yao)(yao)吞(tun)(tun)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)高(gao),但(dan)(dan)副(fu)作用(yong)則較(jiao)(jiao)小。1次(ci)(ci)頓服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)較(jiao)(jiao)分(fen)次(ci)(ci)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)用(yong)效果(guo)為(wei)(wei)佳。連(lian)(lian)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)2日或(huo)3日并(bing)不(bu)比單次(ci)(ci)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)用(yong)的(de)療(liao)(liao)(liao)效顯(xian)著。劑(ji)(ji)量(liang)與療(liao)(liao)(liao)效成(cheng)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)定的(de)正比關系,用(yong)量(liang)小的(de)(如(ru)1歲(sui)1粒(li))較(jiao)(jiao)用(yong)量(liang)大(da)(da)的(de)(如(ru)1歲(sui)1克(ke))療(liao)(liao)(liao)效為(wei)(wei)低(di)(di),副(fu)作用(yong)也較(jiao)(jiao)小。加(jia)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)瀉劑(ji)(ji)有(you)謂可(ke)增加(jia)效力,但(dan)(dan)亦(yi)(yi)(yi)有(you)認為(wei)(wei)易引起嘔(ou)吐反(fan)應,無加(jia)用(yong)必(bi)要(yao)。副(fu)反(fan)應:最(zui)常見的(de)為(wei)(wei)呃逆,其次(ci)(ci)為(wei)(wei)頭暈、頭痛、腹痛、腹瀉等。一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)均(jun)較(jiao)(jiao)輕(qing)微,可(ke)自行消失。②治(zhi)(zhi)療(liao)(liao)(liao)蟯蟲(chong)病(bing)將使(shi)君(jun)子(zi)仁炒(chao)熟,于(yu)(yu)飯前(qian)半(ban)小時(shi)嚼(jiao)食。小兒每(mei)(mei)日3~15粒(li),,成(cheng)人(ren)15~30粒(li),分(fen)3次(ci)(ci)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)。連(lian)(lian)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)15天為(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)療(liao)(liao)(liao)程(cheng),隔1月再服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)療(liao)(liao)(liao)程(cheng)。服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)前(qian)后忌飲(yin)濃茶。一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)經1~2療(liao)(liao)(liao)程(cheng),癥(zheng)狀即(ji)可(ke)消失。③治(zhi)(zhi)療(liao)(liao)(liao)腸道(dao)滴蟲(chong)病(bing)將使(shi)君(jun)子(zi)炒(chao)黃,成(cheng)人(ren)嚼(jiao)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu),兒童研末服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)。劑(ji)(ji)量(liang):1歲(sui)以內每(mei)(mei)日1錢(qian),1~2次(ci)(ci)分(fen)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu),1~3歲(sui)每(mei)(mei)日服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)1.5錢(qian),成(cheng)人(ren)日服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)1次(ci)(ci),每(mei)(mei)次(ci)(ci)5錢(qian),連(lian)(lian)服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)3~5天為(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)療(liao)(liao)(liao)程(cheng);必(bi)要(yao)時(shi)隔3~5天后再服(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)1~2個療(liao)(liao)(liao)程(cheng)。觀(guan)察7例(li),其中成(cheng)人(ren)3例(li),經一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)療(liao)(liao)(liao)程(cheng)治(zhi)(zhi)愈(yu)(yu);嬰(ying)兒4例(li),經2~3療(liao)(liao)(liao)程(cheng)治(zhi)(zhi)愈(yu)(yu)。
各家論述 : ①《綱目》:"凡(fan)殺(sha)(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)藥多(duo)是苦辛,惟使君(jun)(jun)(jun)、榧子(zi)(zi),甘(gan)而(er)殺(sha)(sha)(sha)蟲(chong),亦(yi)一異也(ye)(ye)(ye)。凡(fan)大人(ren)小兒(er)(er)有(you)蟲(chong)病,侵晨(chen)空腹(fu)(fu)食使君(jun)(jun)(jun)子(zi)(zi)仁數枚,或(huo)以(yi)殼(ke)煎湯咽下,次(ci)日蟲(chong)皆死(si)而(er)出也(ye)(ye)(ye)。或(huo)云七(qi)生(sheng)七(qi)煨食亦(yi)良。此物味甘(gan)氣溫(wen),既能(neng)(neng)殺(sha)(sha)(sha)蟲(chong),又(you)益脾(pi)(pi)胃(wei),所以(yi)能(neng)(neng)斂虛熱(re)(re)而(er)止瀉痢(li),為(wei)小兒(er)(er)諸(zhu)病要藥。"②《本(ben)草經疏》:"使君(jun)(jun)(jun)子(zi)(zi),為(wei)補(bu)脾(pi)(pi)健胃(wei)之要藥。小兒(er)(er)五辯,便(bian)濁瀉痢(li)及腹(fu)(fu)蟲(chong),莫不(bu)(bu)皆由(you)脾(pi)(pi)虛胃(wei)弱,因而(er)乳食停滯,濕熱(re)(re)瘀塞而(er)成。脾(pi)(pi)健胃(wei)開,則(ze)乳飲(yin)(yin)自消,濕熱(re)(re)自散,水道自利,而(er)前證俱除矣(yi)。不(bu)(bu)苦不(bu)(bu)辛,而(er)能(neng)(neng)殺(sha)(sha)(sha)疳蛔(hui),此所以(yi)為(wei)小兒(er)(er)上藥也(ye)(ye)(ye)。"③《本(ben)草正(zheng)》:"使君(jun)(jun)(jun)子(zi)(zi),凡(fan)小兒(er)(er)食此,亦(yi)不(bu)(bu)宜(yi)頻而(er)多(duo),大約性(xing)滑(hua)(hua),多(duo)則(ze)能(neng)(neng)傷脾(pi)(pi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。但(dan)使君(jun)(jun)(jun)子(zi)(zi)專殺(sha)(sha)(sha)蛔(hui)蟲(chong),榧子(zi)(zi)專殺(sha)(sha)(sha)寸白蟲(chong)耳。"④《本(ben)草正(zheng)義》:"使君(jun)(jun)(jun)子(zi)(zi),甘(gan)溫(wen)是溫(wen)和之溫(wen),殊非(fei)溫(wen)燥可比,故能(neng)(neng)助飲(yin)(yin)食之運(yun)化(hua)(hua),而(er)疏導腸(chang)中積(ji)(ji)(ji)滯,且富有(you)脂液(ye),所以(yi)滑(hua)(hua)利流(liu)通。《開寶》所謂(wei)(wei)小便(bian)白濁者,即(ji)指疳積(ji)(ji)(ji)癥而(er)言(yan)。凡(fan)小兒(er)(er)腹(fu)(fu)膨有(you)積(ji)(ji)(ji),每(mei)每(mei)小便(bian)如粉漿,此蓋腎中輸尿(niao)之路,分泄不(bu)(bu)清,即(ji)以(yi)飲(yin)(yin)食所化(hua)(hua)之精液(ye),并(bing)入小溲而(er)出,所見最(zui)多(duo),非(fei)大人(ren)之赤白濁,不(bu)(bu)可誤認。又(you)謂(wei)(wei)其主瀉痢(li),亦(yi)是疳積(ji)(ji)(ji)中之一癥,惟其消化(hua)(hua)失職(zhi),以(yi)致大便(bian)改常,或(huo)為(wei)泄瀉,或(huo)為(wei)積(ji)(ji)(ji)滯,此物又(you)能(neng)(neng)助消化(hua)(hua),且去積(ji)(ji)(ji)滯,故并(bing)治之,即(ji)瀕湖所謂(wei)(wei)能(neng)(neng)益脾(pi)(pi)胃(wei),除虛熱(re)(re),治小兒(er)(er)百病之意也(ye)(ye)(ye)。"
摘錄 : 《中藥大辭典》
拼音注音 : Shǐ Jūn Zǐ
別名 : 留求子(zi)、史君(jun)子(zi)、五(wu)棱子(zi)、索子(zi)果、冬(dong)均子(zi)、病柑(gan)子(zi)、君(jun)子(zi)仁、冬(dong)君(jun)子(zi)、病疳子(zi)。
英文名 : Rangooncreeper Fruit, Fruit of Rangooncreeper
出處 : 出自《開寶本草》。1.《開寶本草》:使(shi)君(jun)子(zi)(zi),生交、廣等州(zhou)。形如梔子(zi)(zi),棱(leng)瓣深而(er)兩頭尖,亦(yi)似(si)訶(he)黎勒而(er)輕。俗(su)傳始因(yin)潘州(zhou)郭(guo)使(shi)君(jun)療小兒,多是獨用此物,后來醫(yi)家因(yin)號為使(shi)君(jun)子(zi)(zi)也。2.《本草衍(yan)義》:使(shi)君(jun)子(zi)(zi),今醫(yi)家或兼用殼。
來源 : 藥材基源:為使(shi)君子(zi)(zi)科植物使(shi)君子(zi)(zi)的成熟果實。拉丁植物動物礦物名:Quisqualis indica L.采收和儲藏:栽(zai)后3年開始結果。8月以后,當(dang)果殼(ke)由綠變棕褐(he)或黑褐(he)色時采收。用竹竿(gan)擊落果實,曬干或烘干。
生境分布 : 生態環(huan)境:生于平地(di)(di)、山坡、路旁等(deng)向陽(yang)灌叢中,變有栽培。資(zi)源分布:分布于西南及江西、福(fu)建、臺灣(wan)、湖南、廣東、廣西等(deng)地(di)(di)。
原形態 : 落(luo)葉攀援狀(zhuang)(zhuang)灌木(mu),高2-8m。幼枝被(bei)(bei)棕黃色(se)短(duan)柔毛(mao)(mao)。葉對生或的(de)對生;吉柄無關(guan)節,在(zai)落(luo)葉后宿存;葉片(pian)膜質,卵形或橢圓(yuan)形,長5-11cm,寬2.5-5.5cm,先(xian)端(duan)短(duan)漸尖,基部鈍圓(yuan),表面(mian)無毛(mao)(mao),背面(mian)有時(shi)疏被(bei)(bei)棕色(se)柔毛(mao)(mao),頂生穗狀(zhuang)(zhuang)花序組成傘房(fang)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)序;花兩性;苞片(pian)卵形至(zhi)線狀(zhuang)(zhuang)披針形,被(bei)(bei)毛(mao)(mao);萼(e)管長5-9cm,被(bei)(bei)共同色(se)柔毛(mao)(mao),先(xian)端(duan)具廣展、外彎、小形的(de)萼(e)齒5枚(mei);花瓣(ban)5,長1.8-2.4cm,寬4-10mm,先(xian)端(duan)鈍圓(yuan),初為白色(se),后轉淡紅色(se);雄(xiong)蕊(rui)10.2輪,不(bu)突(tu)出冠外,花藥(yao)長約1.5 mm;子(zi)房(fang)下位。果(guo)卵形,短(duan)尖,長2.7-4cm,徑(jing)1.2-2.3cm,無毛(mao)(mao),具明(ming)顯(xian)的(de)銳(rui)棱角5條(tiao),成熟時(shi)外果(guo)皮脆薄,呈(cheng)青黑(hei)色(se)或栗色(se)。種子(zi)1顆,折色(se),圓(yuan)柱狀(zhuang)(zhuang)紡錘形,長2.5cm,徑(jing)約1cm。花期5-9月(yue),果(guo)期秋末。
栽培 : 生(sheng)物(wu)學特性 喜(xi)溫暖濕泣氣候,不耐寒,怕霜凍,耐蔭蔽。宜選(xuan)向陽避風土(tu)(tu)層深厚、中等肥(fei)力、黃(huang)色或(huo)(huo)(huo)黑色的砂壤土(tu)(tu)栽培(pei)、栽培(pei)技術 用種(zhong)子、分(fen)株、扦插(cha)和壓條(tiao)(tiao)繁殖(zhi)(zhi)。種(zhong)子育(yu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)移(yi)栽:于秋季采(cai)成熟飽滿果實,隨(sui)采(cai)隨(sui)播(bo),或(huo)(huo)(huo)混(hun)濕沙(sha)貯藏春播(bo)。實生(sheng)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)高30cm左(zuo)右(you)即可定植。分(fen)株繁殖(zhi)(zhi):于3月(yue)(yue)份,按取健壯母(mu)株的萌蘗移(yi)栽。扦插(cha)繁殖(zhi)(zhi):有枝插(cha)法(fa)(fa)(fa)和根插(cha)法(fa)(fa)(fa)。枝插(cha)法(fa)(fa)(fa),2-3月(yue)(yue)或(huo)(huo)(huo)9-10月(yue)(yue),剪(jian)取1-2年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)生(sheng)健壯枝條(tiao)(tiao)作插(cha)條(tiao)(tiao),插(cha)條(tiao)(tiao)長(chang)(chang)(chang)20-25cm,斜插(cha)于苗(miao)(miao)(miao)床上(shang)(shang),于次(ci)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)移(yi)植。根插(cha)法(fa)(fa)(fa),12月(yue)(yue)至次(ci)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)1-2月(yue)(yue),將距離(li)主根30cm以外的部(bu)分(fen)側根切(qie)斷挖出,選(xuan)徑粗1cm以上(shang)(shang)的剪(jian)成長(chang)(chang)(chang)約20cm的插(cha)條(tiao)(tiao),扦插(cha)于苗(miao)(miao)(miao)床,1年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)后(hou)移(yi)植。壓條(tiao)(tiao)繁殖(zhi)(zhi):2-3月(yue)(yue)先(xian)健壯長(chang)(chang)(chang)枝,彎曲埋入(ru)土(tu)(tu)中,或(huo)(huo)(huo)波狀壓條(tiao)(tiao),生(sheng)根后(hou)截(jie)取移(yi)植。以上(shang)(shang)方(fang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)繁殖(zhi)(zhi)的種(zhong)苗(miao)(miao)(miao),在2月(yue)(yue)中、下旬(xun)或(huo)(huo)(huo)雨(yu)季定植。行株距3.3m×2.3m,穴(xue)中施(shi)廄(jiu)肥(fei),與土(tu)(tu)混(hun)勻,每(mei)(mei)穴(xue)栽苗(miao)(miao)(miao)1株,栽后(hou)澆(jiao)水定根。田間管理 定植后(hou)1-2年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),經常中耕除草,每(mei)(mei)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)追(zhui)肥(fei)2-3次(ci)。進入(ru)結果期后(hou),後年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)于萌芽時及(ji)采(cai)果后(hou)各追(zhui)肥(fei)1次(ci)。冬季要注意培(pei)土(tu)(tu)或(huo)(huo)(huo)覆蓋雜草于基(ji)部(bu)防(fang)寒。成往栽種(zhong)的應搭棚供其(qi)攀緣。每(mei)(mei)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)早春或(huo)(huo)(huo)采(cai)果后(hou)修剪(jian)1次(ci),使枝條(tiao)(tiao)分(fen)布均勻。成片栽種(zhong)的應搭棚供其(qi)攀緣。病蟲害防(fang)治 防(fang)止訶(he)子瘤蚜為害,防(fang)治方(fang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)參郵“訶(he)子”條(tiao)(tiao)。
性狀 : 性狀鑒(jian)別 果實(shi)橢圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)或卵圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing),具5條(tiao)縱(zong)棱(leng)(leng),偶有(you)4-9棱(leng)(leng),長(chang)(chang)2.5-4cm,直(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)約(yue)2cm,表(biao)面黑褐色(se)(se)(se)至紫(zi)褐色(se)(se)(se),平滑,微具光澤(ze),先端狹尖,基部鈍圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan),有(you)明顯圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)的果梗痕;質堅硬,橫(heng)切面多(duo)呈五角星形(xing)(xing),棱(leng)(leng)角外殼較厚,中間呈類圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)空(kong)腔(qiang)。種(zhong)子長(chang)(chang)橢圓(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)或紡錘(chui)形(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)約(yue)2cm,直(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)約(yue)1cm,表(biao)面棕褐色(se)(se)(se)或黑褐色(se)(se)(se),有(you)多(duo)數縱(zong)皺紋(wen);種(zhong)皮(pi)薄,易剝離;子葉2,黃白(bai)色(se)(se)(se),有(you)油性,斷面有(you)裂(lie)紋(wen)。氣微香(xiang),味微甜。以個大(da)、表(biao)面具紫(zi)褐色(se)(se)(se)光澤(ze)、仁飽(bao)滿、色(se)(se)(se)共同白(bai)者為(wei)佳。顯微鑒(jian)別 種(zhong)子橫(heng)切面:種(zhong)皮(pi)表(biao)皮(pi)細(xi)胞(bao)由(you)大(da)形(xing)(xing)薄壁(bi)細(xi)胞(bao)組成,內含棕色(se)(se)(se)物質。表(biao)皮(pi)以下為(wei)網(wang)紋(wen)細(xi)胞(bao)層,細(xi)胞(bao)切向延長(chang)(chang),有(you)網(wang)狀紋(wen)理,并常散有(you)小(xiao)形(xing)(xing)維管束。子葉細(xi)胞(bao)含脂肪油滴和(he)眾多(duo)草(cao)酸(suan)鈣(gai)簇晶,直(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)10-15μm。
毒性 : 使(shi)君子毒(du)性(xing)不大,粗(cu)制品(26.6g/kg)給犬(quan)口服,除產生嘔吐(tu)、呃逆外,并無其他中毒(du)癥狀,其樹(shu)(shu)膠(jiao)于(yu)0.83g/kg時亦(yi)產生同樣作(zuo)用。水(shui)浸膏皮下注(zhu)射于(yu)小(xiao)鼠(shu),數分鐘后,即呈(cheng)抑(yi)(yi)制狀態,呼吸(xi)緩慢不整(zheng),1-2小(xiao)時后全身發生輕(qing)度驚厥,隨即呼吸(xi)停止。最(zui)小(xiao)致(zhi)死量(liang)約(yue)為(wei)(wei)20g/kg。使(shi)君子油50-100mg/10g給小(xiao)鼠(shu)或(huo)家兔(tu)口服,未見中毒(du)現(xian)象。毒(du)性(xing):粗(cu)制劑(ji)26.6g/kg或(huo)所含(han)樹(shu)(shu)膠(jiao)0.83g/kg灌胃,均可使(shi)狗產生呃逆、嘔吐(tu)及中樞抑(yi)(yi)制;小(xiao)鼠(shu)皮下注(zhu)射先呈(cheng)抑(yi)(yi)制,繼而痙攣,最(zui)后因呼吸(xi)抑(yi)(yi)制致(zhi)死,最(zui)小(xiao)致(zhi)死量(liang)為(wei)(wei)20g/kg。
化學成分 : 種子(zi)含(han)使君(jun)子(zi)氨酸(suan)(quisqualic acid)[1],使君(jun)子(zi)氨酸(suan)鉀(jia)(potassium quisqualate),甘露醇(chun)(chun)(D-mannitlo)[2];脂(zhi)肪(fang)油(you)23.9%,油(you)中含(han)肉豆(dou)蔻酸(suan)(myristic acid)4。5%,棕(zong)(zong)櫚酸(suan)(palmitic acid)29.2%,硬脂(zhi)酸(suan)(stearic acid)9.1%,油(you)酸(suan)(oleic acid)48.2%,亞(ya)油(you)酸(suan)(linoleic acid)9.0%等脂(zhi)肪(fang)酸(suan);并含(han)甾(zai)(zai)醇(chun)(chun),以植物甾(zai)(zai)醇(chun)(chun)(phytosterol)為主[3]。果肉含(han)胡蘆巴堿(jian)(trigonelline)[4],枸(gou)椽(chuan)酸(suan)(citric acid),琥珀酸(suan)(succinic acid),蘋果酸(suan)(malic acid),蔗糖(sucrose),葡萄糖(glucose);脂(zhi)肪(fang)油(you)中含(han)棕(zong)(zong)櫚酸(suan)32.0%,油(you)酸(suan)49.0%,另含(han)甾(zai)(zai)醇(chun)(chun)0.4%[5]。
藥理作用 : 1.驅(qu)(qu)蛔(hui)(hui)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong):使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)外試驗(yan)(yan)中(zhong)(zhong)對(dui)(dui)(dui)蚯(qiu)蚓(yin)、水(shui)蛭(zhi)、豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)蛔(hui)(hui)等(deng)均有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)較(jiao)強的(de)(de)(de)(de)抑(yi)制效(xiao)果。如曾報告(gao)10%的(de)(de)(de)(de)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)水(shui)浸(jin)膏于(yu)(yu)0.5-2小(xiao)(xiao)時內(nei)可(ke)(ke)(ke)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)蚯(qiu)蚓(yin)昏迷或(huo)死亡,但95%乙(yi)醇(chun)浸(jin)膏無(wu)效(xiao)。有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)人試驗(yan)(yan)了20種(zhong)中(zhong)(zhong)藥的(de)(de)(de)(de)50%乙(yi)醇(chun)提(ti)出(chu)(chu)物對(dui)(dui)(dui)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)蛔(hui)(hui)、蚯(qiu)蚓(yin)及水(shui)蛭(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)殺(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)效(xiao)果,結果使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)、鶴虱、蕪(wu)荑(ti)、檳(bin)榔、貫眾、川楝子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)、雷丸及吳茱萸(yu)等(deng)8種(zhong)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)顯著作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong),其(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)尤以(yi)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)為強。豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)蛔(hui)(hui)首(shou)部描記法實(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)表明(ming),使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)仁提(ti)取物有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)較(jiao)強的(de)(de)(de)(de)麻(ma)痹(bi)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)蛔(hui)(hui)首(shou)部作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong),在(zai)(zai)(zai)麻(ma)痹(bi)之(zhi)前,往(wang)往(wang)先(xian)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)刺激現象,其(qi)(qi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)效(xiao)成分(fen)為水(shui)溶性,高濃(nong)度(du)酒精(jing)、石(shi)油(you)(you)醚及氯(lv)仿提(ti)出(chu)(chu)物均無(wu)效(xiao),使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)灰分(fen)也(ye)(ye)無(wu)效(xiao)。使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)驅(qu)(qu)蛔(hui)(hui)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)效(xiao)成分(fen)一(yi)般認為系其(qi)(qi)所含(han)之(zhi)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)酸(suan)鉀。使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)酸(suan)鉀在(zai)(zai)(zai)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)外對(dui)(dui)(dui)整體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)蛔(hui)(hui)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)明(ming)顯的(de)(de)(de)(de)抑(yi)制作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong),但不(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)殺(sha)死它。日本(ben)人從毛(mao)(mao)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)中(zhong)(zhong)提(ti)得的(de)(de)(de)(de)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)酸(suan),對(dui)(dui)(dui)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)蛔(hui)(hui)也(ye)(ye)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)明(ming)顯作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong),能(neng)(neng)(neng)引起整體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)蛔(hui)(hui)運(yun)動失調,其(qi)(qi)最低有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)效(xiao)濃(nong)度(du)為1:1000。但也(ye)(ye)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)人曾從使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)提(ti)得吡(bi)啶(ding)及其(qi)(qi)同(tong)類物,含(han)量約千分(fen)之(zhi)一(yi),而(er)吡(bi)啶(ding)類有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)殺(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)及驅(qu)(qu)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)效(xiao)能(neng)(neng)(neng),故(gu)認為使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)驅(qu)(qu)蛔(hui)(hui)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)可(ke)(ke)(ke)能(neng)(neng)(neng)與(yu)(yu)此也(ye)(ye)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)關(guan)。另(ling)還有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)報告(gao)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)油(you)(you)與(yu)(yu)蓖麻(ma)油(you)(you)之(zhi)混合(he)物對(dui)(dui)(dui)人與(yu)(yu)動物也(ye)(ye)均有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)明(ming)顯的(de)(de)(de)(de)驅(qu)(qu)蛔(hui)(hui)效(xiao)果。2.驅(qu)(qu)蟯(rao)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong):對(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)自然感(gan)染鼠(shu)(shu)蟯(rao)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)小(xiao)(xiao)鼠(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)結果表明(ming),使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)粉(fen)(fen)(fen)、使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)和百(bai)部粉(fen)(fen)(fen)合(he)用(yong)(yong)(yong)均有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)一(yi)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)驅(qu)(qu)蟯(rao)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong),對(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)幼(you)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong),使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)粉(fen)(fen)(fen)劑(ji)無(wu)效(xiao),但使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)粉(fen)(fen)(fen)劑(ji)和百(bai)部粉(fen)(fen)(fen)劑(ji)合(he)用(yong)(yong)(yong),則(ze)稍(shao)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)效(xiao)果。3.抗皮膚(fu)真菌(jun)(jun)(jun)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong):使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)水(shui)浸(jin)劑(ji)在(zai)(zai)(zai)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)外對(dui)(dui)(dui)堇(jin)色(se)(se)毛(mao)(mao)癬(xian)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)、同(tong)心(xin)性毛(mao)(mao)癬(xian)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)、許蘭氏(shi)黃癬(xian)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)、奧杜盎氏(shi)小(xiao)(xiao)芽孢癬(xian)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)、鐵銹(xiu)色(se)(se)小(xiao)(xiao)芽孢癬(xian)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)、羊毛(mao)(mao)狀小(xiao)(xiao)芽孢癬(xian)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)、腹股(gu)溝表皮癬(xian)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)、星形(xing)奴(nu)卡氏(shi)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)等(deng)皮膚(fu)真菌(jun)(jun)(jun)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)不(bu)(bu)同(tong)程(cheng)度(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)抑(yi)制作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)。4.其(qi)(qi)他作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong):使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)粉(fen)(fen)(fen)劑(ji)對(dui)(dui)(dui)自然感(gan)染的(de)(de)(de)(de)鼠(shu)(shu)蟯(rao)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)病(bing)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)一(yi)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)驅(qu)(qu)蟯(rao)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)。與(yu)(yu)百(bai)部粉(fen)(fen)(fen)劑(ji)合(he)用(yong)(yong)(yong),效(xiao)力較(jiao)單(dan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)時好,且對(dui)(dui)(dui)幼(you)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)亦稍(shao)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)。水(shui)浸(jin)劑(ji)(1:3)在(zai)(zai)(zai)試管(guan)中(zhong)(zhong)對(dui)(dui)(dui)某些皮膚(fu)真菌(jun)(jun)(jun)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)某些抑(yi)制作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)。抗腸寄生蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong):水(shui)浸(jin)劑(ji)或(huo)乙(yi)醇(chun)浸(jin)劑(ji)36%濃(nong)度(du),對(dui)(dui)(dui)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)外保溫(wen)培養的(de)(de)(de)(de)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)蛔(hui)(hui)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)5分(fen)鐘可(ke)(ke)(ke)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)麻(ma)痹(bi);使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)油(you)(you)40%濃(nong)度(du),經30分(fen)鐘,尚不(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)麻(ma)痹(bi)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)蛔(hui)(hui)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong),而(er)去(qu)油(you)(you)水(shui)浸(jin)劑(ji)19%濃(nong)度(du)3分(fen)鐘即可(ke)(ke)(ke)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)蛔(hui)(hui)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)麻(ma)痹(bi),在(zai)(zai)(zai)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)麻(ma)痹(bi)前均先(xian)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)短暫興奮現象;使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)仁、殼及葉100%前劑(ji)對(dui)(dui)(dui)蚯(qiu)蚓(yin)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)麻(ma)痹(bi)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong),葉作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)強于(yu)(yu)仁、殼,而(er)毒性較(jiao)小(xiao)(xiao);0.1%使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)酸(suan)鉀可(ke)(ke)(ke)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)蚯(qiu)蚓(yin)在(zai)(zai)(zai)8小(xiao)(xiao)時內(nei)死亡,對(dui)(dui)(dui)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)蛔(hui)(hui)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)亦有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)抑(yi)制作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)。
炮制 : 使(shi)君子(zi)(zi)仁:除去(qu)外殼(ke),取凈仁。炒使(shi)君子(zi)(zi)仁:置(zhi)鍋內用(yong)文火炒至微(wei)有香(xiang)氣,取出,放涼。
鑒別 : 理化鑒別 (1)取(qu)本品粗(cu)粉(fen)5g,用(yong)石油醚50ml,50℃浸1h脫(tuo)脂,濾過。殘渣用(yong)40%已醇(chun)20ml,濾過,濾液減壓濃(nong)縮至干。取(qu)少量濃(nong)縮物(wu),用(yong)50%甲(jia)醇(chun)水溶液溶液解(jie)(jie),點(dian)于濾紙上,噴灑茚(yin)三酮試(shi)(shi)液,在100℃左(zuo)右烘箱中(zhong)放置1-2min,呈現紫(zi)色(se)斑(ban)點(dian)。(檢(jian)查(cha)氨基酸)(2)薄(bo)層色(se)譜 取(qu)上述(shu)已醇(chun)提取(qu)的濃(nong)縮物(wu),用(yong)50%甲(jia)醇(chun)溶解(jie)(jie),以使君子酸鉀、α-脯氨酸、α-天冬素為對照(zhao)。同(tong)(tong)點(dian)于硅膠G薄(bo)層板(ban)上,以正丁醇(chun)-醋酸-水(4:1:1)展開,展距13cm。用(yong)茚(yin)三酮試(shi)(shi)劑(ji)顯色(se),樣品與對照(zhao)品對應的位置處顯相同(tong)(tong)顏(yan)色(se)的斑(ban)點(dian)。
歸經 : 歸(gui)脾;胃經
性味 : 味(wei)甘;性(xing)溫;小毒
注意 : 服(fu)(fu)藥時忌飲熱茶。大(da)量服(fu)(fu)用(yong)能引(yin)起呃(e)逆、眩暈、嘔吐(tu)等反(fan)應。《綱(gang)目》:忌飲熱茶,犯之(zhi)(zhi)即瀉。《本(ben)草(cao)經(jing)疏》:忌食熱物。《本(ben)草(cao)匯(hui)言(yan)》:脾(pi)胃虛寒之(zhi)(zhi)子,又不宜多用(yong),多食則(ze)發呃(e)。茍無蟲(chong)積,服(fu)(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)必致損人(ren)。
功能主治 : 殺(sha)蟲;消積;健脾。主(zhu)蛔(hui)蟲腹(fu)痛;小兒(er)疳積;乳食停滯;腹(fu)脹;瀉痢
用法用量 : 內(nei)服:煎(jian)(jian)湯,6-15g,搗(dao)碎入(ru)煎(jian)(jian);或入(ru)丸、散;去(qu)殼炒(chao)香嚼服,小兒(er)每歲每日1粒(li)-1粒(li)半,總(zong)量不起過20粒(li)。
復方 : 使君(jun)子散(san)《補要袖珍(zhen)小兒(er)方論》;使君(jun)子散(san)《幼(you)科準繩》;使君(jun)子丸《和(he)劑局方》
各家論述 : 1.《本草(cao)(cao)綱(gang)目》:凡(fan)殺(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)藥多(duo)是苦辛,惟(wei)使(shi)君(jun)(jun)(jun)、榧子(zi),甘而(er)殺(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)(chong),亦一異也(ye)。凡(fan)大(da)人小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)兒(er)有(you)蟲(chong)(chong)病,侵晨空腹食使(shi)君(jun)(jun)(jun)子(zi)仁(ren)數枚,或以(yi)殼煎湯咽下,次日蟲(chong)(chong)皆(jie)死而(er)出(chu)也(ye)。或云(yun)七生(sheng)七煨食亦良。此物(wu)(wu)味(wei)甘氣溫,既能(neng)(neng)(neng)殺(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)(chong),又益(yi)脾(pi)胃(wei)(wei),所(suo)(suo)以(yi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)斂虛熱(re)(re)而(er)止(zhi)瀉(xie)痢,為(wei)(wei)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)兒(er)諸病要藥。2.《本草(cao)(cao)經(jing)疏(shu)》:使(shi)君(jun)(jun)(jun)子(zi),為(wei)(wei)補脾(pi)健胃(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)要藥,小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)兒(er)五(wu)疳(gan)(gan)(gan),便(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)濁瀉(xie)痢及(ji)腹蟲(chong)(chong),莫不(bu)皆(jie)由脾(pi)虛胃(wei)(wei)弱,因而(er)乳食停滯,濕(shi)(shi)熱(re)(re)瘀塞而(er)成,脾(pi)健胃(wei)(wei)開,則乳飲(yin)自消,濕(shi)(shi)熱(re)(re)自散,水(shui)道自利,而(er)前證(zheng)俱除矣。不(bu)苦不(bu)辛,而(er)能(neng)(neng)(neng)殺(sha)(sha)疳(gan)(gan)(gan)蛔,此所(suo)(suo)以(yi)為(wei)(wei)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)兒(er)上藥也(ye)。3.《本草(cao)(cao)正》:使(shi)君(jun)(jun)(jun)子(zi),凡(fan)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)兒(er)食此,亦不(bu)宜(yi)頻而(er)多(duo),大(da)約性滑,多(duo)則能(neng)(neng)(neng)傷(shang)脾(pi)也(ye)。但使(shi)君(jun)(jun)(jun)子(zi)專殺(sha)(sha)蛔蟲(chong)(chong),榧子(zi)專殺(sha)(sha)寸(cun)白蟲(chong)(chong)耳。4.《本草(cao)(cao)正義》:使(shi)君(jun)(jun)(jun)子(zi),甘溫是溫和之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)溫,殊非溫燥可比(bi),故能(neng)(neng)(neng)助(zhu)飲(yin)食之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)運化(hua),而(er)疏(shu)導腸中積(ji)(ji)滯,且(qie)富有(you)脂液,所(suo)(suo)以(yi)滑利流通。《開寶》所(suo)(suo)謂(wei)(wei)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)便(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)白濁者,即(ji)指疳(gan)(gan)(gan)積(ji)(ji)癥而(er)言。凡(fan)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)兒(er)腹膨有(you)積(ji)(ji),每每小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)便(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)如粉漿,此蓋(gai)腎(shen)中輸尿之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)路(lu),分泄不(bu)清,即(ji)以(yi)飲(yin)食所(suo)(suo)化(hua)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)精液,并(bing)入小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)溲而(er)出(chu),所(suo)(suo)見(jian)最多(duo),非大(da)人之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)赤白濁,不(bu)可誤認。又謂(wei)(wei)其主瀉(xie)痢,亦是疳(gan)(gan)(gan)積(ji)(ji)中之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一癥,惟(wei)其消化(hua)失職,以(yi)致大(da)便(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)改常,或為(wei)(wei)泄瀉(xie),或為(wei)(wei)積(ji)(ji)滯,此物(wu)(wu)又能(neng)(neng)(neng)助(zhu)消化(hua),且(qie)去積(ji)(ji)滯,故并(bing)治(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),即(ji)瀕湖(hu)所(suo)(suo)謂(wei)(wei)能(neng)(neng)(neng)益(yi)脾(pi)胃(wei)(wei),除虛熱(re)(re),治(zhi)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)兒(er)百(bai)病之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意也(ye)。5.《開寶本草(cao)(cao)》:主小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)兒(er)五(wu)疳(gan)(gan)(gan),小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)便(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)白濁,療瀉(xie)痢。6.《本草(cao)(cao)綱(gang)目》:健脾(pi)胃(wei)(wei),除虛熱(re)(re)。治(zhi)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)兒(er)百(bai)病瘡癬。
摘錄 : 《中華本草》
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