拼音注音 : Yě Jú Huā
別名 : 野菊、野黃菊、苦薏
英文名 : FLOS CHRYSANTHEMI INDICI
來源 : 本品(pin)為菊(ju)科植物(wu)野(ye)菊(ju)Chrysanthemum indicum L.的干(gan)燥頭(tou)狀花序。秋、冬(dong)二(er)季花初開放時(shi)采摘,曬(shai)干(gan),或蒸后曬(shai)干(gan)。
性狀 : 本品(pin)呈(cheng)類球形,直徑0.3~1cm,棕黃色(se)。總(zong)(zong)苞(bao)由4~5層苞(bao)片組(zu)成(cheng),外層苞(bao)片卵形或條形,外表面中部灰(hui)綠色(se)或淡棕色(se),通常(chang)被有白毛(mao),邊(bian)緣膜質;內層苞(bao)片長橢圓形,膜質,外表面無毛(mao)。總(zong)(zong)苞(bao)基部有的殘留(liu)總(zong)(zong)花(hua)梗(geng)。舌狀花(hua)1輪,黃色(se),皺縮(suo)卷曲;管狀花(hua)多數,深黃色(se)。體輕。氣芳香,味苦。
鑒別 : 取本(ben)品粉(fen)末(mo)3g,加(jia)(jia)乙(yi)醇40ml,加(jia)(jia)熱回流1 小時,濾(lv)過,濾(lv)液(ye)(ye)照下述方法試驗。(1)取濾(lv)液(ye)(ye)1 滴,點于濾(lv)紙上,噴灑三氯(lv)化鋁(lv)試液(ye)(ye),晾干(gan),置(zhi)紫外光燈(365nm)下觀察,顯黃綠色(se)熒光。(2)取濾(lv)液(ye)(ye)2ml ,加(jia)(jia)鎂(mei)粉(fen)少量與鹽酸4~5滴,加(jia)(jia)熱,顯棕紅(hong)色(se)。
歸經 : 歸肝、心(xin)經。
性味 : 苦(ku)、辛(xin),微寒。
功能主治 : 清熱(re)解(jie)毒(du)。用(yong)于疔瘡癰(yong)腫,目赤腫痛,頭痛眩暈。
用法用量 : 9~15g。外用適量,煎(jian)湯外洗或(huo)制膏外涂。
摘錄 : 《中國藥典(dian)》
拼音注音 : Yě Jú Huā
出處 : 《本草正(zheng)》
來源 : 為菊(ju)(ju)(ju)科植物野菊(ju)(ju)(ju)、北(bei)野菊(ju)(ju)(ju)或巖香(xiang)菊(ju)(ju)(ju)的(de)頭狀(zhuang)花序。秋季花盛開(kai)時采收(shou),曬干(gan)或烘干(gan)。
生境分布 : 主(zhu)產(chan)江蘇、四川、廣(guang)西、山東等地。
原形態 : 植物形態詳"野(ye)菊"條。
性狀 : 干燥(zao)的頭狀(zhuang)花序呈扁球形(xing)(xing),直徑0.5~1厘米,外層(ceng)(ceng)為15~20個(ge)舌狀(zhuang)花,雌性,淡(dan)黃(huang)色,皺縮卷(juan)曲;中央為管狀(zhuang)花,兩性,長3~4毫(hao)米,黃(huang)色,頂端(duan)5裂(lie),子房(fang)棕(zong)黃(huang)色,不具冠(guan)毛;底部有總苞,由20~25枚苞片組成(cheng)(cheng),作覆瓦狀(zhuang)排列成(cheng)(cheng)4層(ceng)(ceng),苞片卵形(xing)(xing)或披針形(xing)(xing),枯黃(huang)色,邊緣膜質;各(ge)花均著生于(yu)半球狀(zhuang)的花托(tuo)上(shang)。味(wei)苦(ku),繼之有清涼感。
毒性 : 野菊花的(de)毒性(xing)低(di),慢性(xing)給藥亦無(wu)蓄積現象(xiang)。心(xin)電圖顯(xian)示(shi)野菊花對心(xin)臟無(wu)毒性(xing),不麻醉大鼠腹腔(qiang)注射36克/公斤以下,心(xin)電圖無(wu)改(gai)變,劑量增至52克/公斤,心(xin)搏顯(xian)著變慢,P-R及Q-T間期延長(chang)及T波變寬而圓鈍。正常(chang)犬每(mei)日(ri)服提(ti)取物HC-1_300毫克/公斤連續(xu)3周(zhou),除(chu)有時嘔吐外(wai),無(wu)嚴(yan)重毒性(xing)反應,肝、腎功能之(zhi)測定亦顯(xian)示(shi)正常(chang)。
化學成分 : 花含(han)(han)刺槐素(su)-7-鼠(shu)李(li)糖葡萄糖甙、野菊花內(nei)酯、矢(shi)車菊甙、苦味素(su)、α-側柏酮(tong)。又含(han)(han)揮(hui)發油,內(nei)含(han)(han)dl-樟腦、廿(nian)(nian)四烷、廿(nian)(nian)六烷等。另含(han)(han)維生素(su)A類物(wu)質及維生素(su)B1。
藥理作用 : ①降(jiang)壓作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)對(dui)動物(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)急性試驗中(zhong),野(ye)菊(ju)(ju)(ju)花(hua)(hua)(hua)對(dui)不(bu)麻醉大(da)鼠腹腔注(zhu)射(she)6~10克(ke)/公(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin),口服15克(ke)/公(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)有明顯的(de)(de)降(jiang)壓作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)。全草制劑的(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)較花(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)提取物(wu)(wu)毒性大(da),降(jiang)壓作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)差。野(ye)菊(ju)(ju)(ju)花(hua)(hua)(hua)醇(chun)浸膏水(shui)溶(rong)液對(dui)麻醉貓(mao)16克(ke)/公(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)亦有降(jiang)壓作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)。此醇(chun)浸膏經(jing)進一(yi)步(bu)精(jing)制后所得(de)的(de)(de)提取物(wu)(wu)一(yi)HC-1(含野(ye)菊(ju)(ju)(ju)花(hua)(hua)(hua)內酯、黃酮甙、苦(ku)味素及(ji)部分(fen)雜(za)質)對(dui)麻醉貓(mao)小(xiao)(xiao)腸(chang)給藥50~100毫克(ke)/公(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin),不(bu)麻醉的(de)(de)正(zheng)常血(xue)壓犬(quan)灌胃(wei)50~150毫克(ke)/公(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)均獲(huo)得(de)降(jiang)壓效果(guo),但(dan)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)緩(huan)慢(因難溶(rong)于(yu)水(shui),可(ke)能吸收較慢),可(ke)維持2小(xiao)(xiao)時以上(shang)。對(dui)慢性腎(shen)型高血(xue)壓犬(quan),前(qian)2周每(mei)日(ri)灌胃(wei)100毫克(ke)/公(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin),第3周每(mei)日(ri)灌胃(wei)200毫克(ke)/公(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)亦獲(huo)得(de)降(jiang)壓效果(guo)。降(jiang)壓時心(xin)輸出量并不(bu)減少,主要是(shi)由(you)于(yu)總外(wai)(wai)周阻(zu)力的(de)(de)下降(jiang)。其作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)原理據初步(bu)分(fen)析,可(ke)能是(shi)由(you)于(yu)其抗腎(shen)上(shang)腺(xian)素的(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)以及(ji)擴張外(wai)(wai)周血(xue)管(guan)(guan)所致,也(ye)可(ke)能還有中(zhong)樞性血(xue)管(guan)(guan)運(yun)動中(zhong)樞抑(yi)制的(de)(de)參與。②抗病(bing)毒、抗菌(jun)(jun)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)在體外(wai)(wai),野(ye)菊(ju)(ju)(ju)花(hua)(hua)(hua)1:80能延緩(huan)孤兒病(bing)毒感染后的(de)(de)細胞(bao)(人(ren)胚腎(shen)原代(dai)單層上(shang)皮細胞(bao))的(de)(de)病(bing)變。野(ye)菊(ju)(ju)(ju)花(hua)(hua)(hua)煎劑1:320在體外(wai)(wai)對(dui)金(jin)黃色葡萄球菌(jun)(jun)、白喉桿菌(jun)(jun)及(ji)痢疾(ji)桿菌(jun)(jun)有抑(yi)制作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)。
歸經 : 《本草求(qiu)真》:"入(ru)肺(fei)、肝。"
性味 : 苦(ku)辛,涼(liang)。①《本草匯(hui)言》:"味(wei)苦(ku)辛,氣涼(liang),有(you)小毒。"②《四川中藥志》:"性微寒,味(wei)甘苦(ku),無毒。"
功能主治 : 疏(shu)風(feng)(feng)清(qing)熱,消腫(zhong)(zhong)解(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)毒(du)(du)。治(zhi)風(feng)(feng)熱感冒,肺(fei)炎、白(bai)喉(hou),胃腸炎:高血(xue)壓,疔,癰(yong)(yong),口瘡(chuang),丹毒(du)(du),濕(shi)疹,天(tian)泡(pao)瘡(chuang)。①《本(ben)草(cao)(cao)匯言》:"破(po)血(xue)疏(shu)肝(gan),解(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)疔散毒(du)(du)。主婦人腹內宿血(xue),解(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)天(tian)行火(huo)毒(du)(du)丹疔。洗瘡(chuang)疥(jie),又能去風(feng)(feng)殺(sha)蟲(chong)。"②《現代(dai)實用中藥(yao)(yao)》:"用于癰(yong)(yong)疽(ju)疔腫(zhong)(zhong)化膿(nong)病。"③《蘇州本(ben)產藥(yao)(yao)材》:"解(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)毒(du)(du)疏(shu)風(feng)(feng)。治(zhi)目疾眩暈(yun)(yun)。"④《浙江中藥(yao)(yao)手冊》:"排膿(nong)解(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)毒(du)(du),消腫(zhong)(zhong)止痛。治(zhi)癰(yong)(yong)腫(zhong)(zhong)疔毒(du)(du),天(tian)泡(pao)濕(shi)瘡(chuang)。"⑤《江蘇植藥(yao)(yao)志》:"治(zhi)霍亂(luan),腹痛。"⑥《山西(xi)中藥(yao)(yao)志》:"疏(shu)風(feng)(feng)熱,清(qing)頭目,降火(huo)解(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)毒(du)(du)。治(zhi)諸風(feng)(feng)眩暈(yun)(yun),頭痛,目赤,腫(zhong)(zhong)毒(du)(du)。"⑦《江西(xi)草(cao)(cao)藥(yao)(yao)》:"治(zhi)白(bai)喉(hou),口瘡(chuang),小(xiao)兒高熱抽(chou)搐等癥。"⑧《上海常用中草(cao)(cao)藥(yao)(yao)》:"治(zhi)高血(xue)壓。"
用法用量 : 內服:煎(jian)湯,2~4錢(鮮者1~2兩)。外用:搗敷,煎(jian)水漱口或淋洗。
復方 : ①治(zhi)疔瘡:野(ye)(ye)(ye)菊花和黃(huang)糖搗爛(lan)貼患(huan)處(chu)。如生(sheng)于發際,加梅片、生(sheng)地(di)龍同敷。(《嶺南草(cao)(cao)藥(yao)(yao)志》)②治(zhi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)切癰疽膿瘍,耳鼻咽(yan)喉口腔諸陽癥膿腫:野(ye)(ye)(ye)菊花一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)六錢(qian),蒲公英一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)六錢(qian),紫(zi)花地(di)丁一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang),連翹一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang),石斛一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)。水(shui)煎(jian)(jian),一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)日(ri)(ri)(ri)三回分服(fu)(fu)。③治(zhi)夏(xia)令熱(re)癤及皮膚濕(shi)瘡潰(kui)爛(lan):用(yong)野(ye)(ye)(ye)菊花或莖葉(xie)煎(jian)(jian)濃湯洗滌,并以藥(yao)(yao)棉或紗布浸(jin)藥(yao)(yao)湯掩(yan)敷,一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)日(ri)(ri)(ri)數回。④治(zhi)胃腸(chang)炎(yan),腸(chang)鳴泄瀉腹痛:干(gan)野(ye)(ye)(ye)菊花三、四(si)錢(qian)。煎(jian)(jian)湯,一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)日(ri)(ri)(ri)二(er)、三回內服(fu)(fu)。(②方以下(xia)出(chu)《本(ben)草(cao)(cao)推陳》)⑤治(zhi)腸(chang)風:野(ye)(ye)(ye)菊花六兩(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(曬干(gan),炒成炭),懷熟地(di)八(ba)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(酒煮,搗膏),炮姜四(si)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang),蒼(cang)術(shu)三兩(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang);地(di)榆二(er)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang),北五味二(er)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)。煉(lian)蜜為丸梧桐子(zi)大(da)(da),每(mei)(mei)服(fu)(fu)五錢(qian),食前白(bai)湯送下(xia)。(《本(ben)草(cao)(cao)匯言》)⑥預防流腦:野(ye)(ye)(ye)菊花一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)斤。將上(shang)藥(yao)(yao)粉碎,加水(shui)十(shi)斤,熬(ao)煎(jian)(jian)至70%煎(jian)(jian)液,過(guo)濾(lv)去渣(zha)。在流腦流行(xing)期,用(yong)上(shang)項藥(yao)(yao)液滴鼻二(er)至三滴,每(mei)(mei)日(ri)(ri)(ri)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)次。(遼寧《中草(cao)(cao)藥(yao)(yao)新醫(yi)療法資(zi)料選編》)⑦治(zhi)大(da)(da)、小葉(xie)性肺炎(yan),支(zhi)氣管炎(yan),闌尾炎(yan)及一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)般急性炎(yan)癥疾病:野(ye)(ye)(ye)菊花一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang),一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)點紅五錢(qian),金銀花藤葉(xie)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang),積(ji)雪草(cao)(cao)五錢(qian),犁頭草(cao)(cao)五鉸,白(bai)茅根(gen)五錢(qian)。水(shui)煎(jian)(jian)服(fu)(fu),每(mei)(mei)日(ri)(ri)(ri)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)至二(er)劑(ji)。⑧治(zhi)泌尿(niao)系統感(gan)染:野(ye)(ye)(ye)菊花一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang),海(hai)金砂一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)。水(shui)煎(jian)(jian)服(fu)(fu),每(mei)(mei)日(ri)(ri)(ri)二(er)劑(ji)。⑨治(zhi)擴散型肺結核:野(ye)(ye)(ye)菊花一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)五錢(qian),地(di)膽草(cao)(cao)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang),蘭香(xiang)草(cao)(cao)二(er)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)。水(shui)煎(jian)(jian)服(fu)(fu),每(mei)(mei)日(ri)(ri)(ri)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)劑(ji)。⑩治(zhi)頭癬、濕(shi)疹、天抱(bao)瘡:野(ye)(ye)(ye)菊花、苦楝根(gen)皮、苦參根(gen)各適(shi)量。水(shui)煎(jian)(jian)外(wai)洗。(⑦方以下(xia)出(chu)《江西草(cao)(cao)藥(yao)(yao)》)
臨床應用 : ①預防(fang)感冒(mao)將野(ye)(ye)菊(ju)(ju)花(hua)用(yong)沸水浸(jin)泡1小(xiao)時(shi)(shi),煎30分鐘,取藥液內(nei)服(fu)(fu)。成(cheng)人(ren)每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)次(ci)2錢,兒童酌減(jian)。一(yi)般每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)月普遍投(tou)(tou)藥1次(ci),以(yi)往每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)年感冒(mao)3~6次(ci)者(zhe)每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)兩(liang)周投(tou)(tou)藥1次(ci),經(jing)常感冒(mao)者(zhe)每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)周投(tou)(tou)藥1次(ci)。以(yi)1000人(ren)服(fu)(fu)萄(tao)后(hou)的發(fa)病情(qing)況與(yu)上(shang)(shang)一(yi)年同(tong)時(shi)(shi)期相(xiang)比(bi)較,發(fa)病率(lv)下降13.2%;與(yu)居住鄰近(jin)、條(tiao)件基本(ben)相(xiang)同(tong)而未(wei)服(fu)(fu)藥的261人(ren)相(xiang)對照(zhao),發(fa)病率(lv)亦顯(xian)著(zhu)為(wei)低。同(tong)時(shi)(shi)對119例(li)(li)慢(man)性氣(qi)管炎(yan)患(huan)者(zhe)投(tou)(tou)藥前后(hou)的復發(fa)情(qing)況進行了比(bi)較,結果未(wei)投(tou)(tou)藥時(shi)(shi)(上(shang)(shang)一(yi)年同(tong)一(yi)時(shi)(shi)期)全部復發(fa),投(tou)(tou)藥后(hou)的復發(fa)率(lv)為(wei)38%。②治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)療(liao)呼(hu)吸道(dao)(dao)炎(yan)癥等(deng)用(yong)100%野(ye)(ye)菊(ju)(ju)花(hua)注(zhu)射(she)液,每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)次(ci)注(zhu)射(she)2~4毫(hao)(hao)(hao)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),六小(xiao)時(shi)(shi)1次(ci)。治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)療(liao)上(shang)(shang)呼(hu)吸道(dao)(dao)感染40例(li)(li),痊(quan)愈35例(li)(li),好(hao)轉1例(li)(li);扁桃體炎(yan)20例(li)(li),痊(quan)愈18例(li)(li);氣(qi)管炎(yan)20例(li)(li),痊(quan)愈5例(li)(li),好(hao)轉14例(li)(li)。用(yong)藥后(hou)平均(jun)1~2天(tian)退熱。另(ling)有用(yong)50%注(zhu)射(she)液每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)日(ri)肌肉(rou)注(zhu)射(she)2~3毫(hao)(hao)(hao)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)療(liao)急性扁桃體炎(yan)和其他(ta)急性炎(yan)癥(包括氣(qi)管炎(yan)、肺炎(yan)、子宮內(nei)膜炎(yan)、附件炎(yan)、齒齦感染等(deng))共81例(li)(li),治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)愈率(lv)占49.4%,有效(xiao)率(lv)為(wei)95%。③治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)療(liao)宮頸(jing)(jing)炎(yan)等(deng)陰(yin)道(dao)(dao)經(jing)沖洗后(hou),用(yong)野(ye)(ye)菊(ju)(ju)花(hua)粉涂敷(fu)宮頸(jing)(jing),每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)日(ri)1次(ci),3~5天(tian)為(wei)一(yi)療(liao)程(cheng)。治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)療(liao)慢(man)性宮頸(jing)(jing)炎(yan)11例(li)(li),7例(li)(li)痊(quan)愈。或(huo)用(yong)野(ye)(ye)菊(ju)(ju)花(hua)注(zhu)射(she)液局(ju)部治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)療(liao),觀(guan)察(cha)宮頸(jing)(jing)炎(yan)、陰(yin)道(dao)(dao)炎(yan)、外陰(yin)潰瘍等(deng)43例(li)(li),有效(xiao)率(lv)為(wei)90.7%,治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)愈率(lv)占35%。④治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)療(liao)癰毒癤腫(zhong)成(cheng)人(ren)每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)天(tian)用(yong)新(xin)鮮野(ye)(ye)菊(ju)(ju)花(hua)3~5兩(liang),煎分兩(liang)次(ci)服(fu)(fu);或(huo)搗取汁100毫(hao)(hao)(hao)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)左右,1次(ci)服(fu)(fu)下。亦可搗敷(fu)患(huan)處,稍干即換。對全身及頭面部多發(fa)性癤腫(zhong)。如(ru)外敷(fu)不便(bian),可煎水浸(jin)洗局(ju)部。⑤治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)療(liao)高血壓病將野(ye)(ye)菊(ju)(ju)花(hua)制成(cheng)流浸(jin)膏,每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)毫(hao)(hao)(hao)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(含生藥2克)加(jia)單(dan)糖漿(jiang)至5毫(hao)(hao)(hao)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)。每(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)服(fu)(fu)10毫(hao)(hao)(hao)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),日(ri)服(fu)(fu)3次(ci)。初步觀(guan)察(cha)Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ期高血壓病患(huan)者(zhe)35例(li)(li),總療(liao)效(xiao)達68.57%,其中顯(xian)效(xiao)為(wei)17.14%,輕度療(liao)效(xiao)為(wei)51.43%,無(wu)效(xiao)31.43%。對癥狀改善(shan)也有一(yi)定效(xiao)果,半數以(yi)上(shang)(shang)病例(li)(li)的失眠、頭脹、頭痛、眩(xuan)暈有所(suo)改善(shan)。
摘錄 : 《中藥大辭典》
拼音注音 : Yě Jú Huā
別名 : 山菊花、千層菊、黃菊花
英文名 : Flower of Indian Dendranthema, Wild chrysanthemum
出處 : 出自《本草(cao)正》
來源 : 藥材基源:為菊科植(zhi)物(wu)野菊和(he)巖香(xiang)菊的花。拉丁植(zhi)物(wu)動物(wu)礦物(wu)名:1.Dendranthema indicum (L) Des Moul. [Chrysanthemum indicum L.]2.Dendranthema lauandulifolium (Fisch. Ex Trautv.) Ling et Shih [Pyrethrum lauandulifolium Fisch.ex Trau]Ling et Shih [Pyrethurm lauandulifolium Fisch. Ex Trautv.; Chrysanthemum lauandulifolium (Fisch. Ex Trautv.) Makino]采收和(he)儲藏:秋季開花盛(sheng)期,分(fen)批(pi)采收,鮮用(yong)或曬干(gan)。
生境分布 : 生態環境(jing):1.生于山(shan)坡草(cao)地(di)、灌叢(cong)、河邊(bian)(bian)水濕(shi)地(di),海濱鹽漬(zi)地(di)及田邊(bian)(bian)、路旁。2.生于山(shan)坡、巖石(shi)上、河谷、河岸(an)荒地(di)上。資源(yuan)分布:1.分布于東北、華北、華東、華中及西(xi)南。2.分布于吉林、遼寧、河北、山(shan)西(xi)、陜(shan)西(xi)、甘(gan)肅、青(qing)海、新疆(jiang)、山(shan)東、江(jiang)蘇、浙江(jiang)、江(jiang)西(xi)、湖北、四(si)川、云南等(deng)地(di)。
原形態 : 1.野菊(ju) 多(duo)(duo)年生(sheng)草本,高25-100cm。根莖(jing)粗厚,分(fen)枝(zhi),有長或(huo)短(duan)的地(di)下(xia)(xia)匍匐枝(zhi)。莖(jing)直(zhi)立或(huo)基部(bu)鋪展。基生(sheng)葉(xie)脫落;莖(jing)生(sheng)葉(xie)卵形(xing)或(huo)長圓狀(zhuang)(zhuang)卵形(xing),長6-7cm,寬1-2.5cm,羽(yu)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)分(fen)裂(lie)(lie)或(huo)分(fen)裂(lie)(lie)不明顯;頂裂(lie)(lie)片(pian)(pian)大;側(ce)裂(lie)(lie)片(pian)(pian)常(chang)2對,卵形(xing)或(huo)長圓形(xing),全部(bu)裂(lie)(lie)片(pian)(pian)邊(bian)(bian)緣(yuan)淺(qian)裂(lie)(lie)或(huo)有鋸齒;上部(bu)葉(xie)漸小;全部(bu)葉(xie)上面有腺體及疏柔毛(mao)(mao),下(xia)(xia)面灰綠(lv)色(se),毛(mao)(mao)較(jiao)多(duo)(duo),基部(bu)漸狹成(cheng)(cheng)具(ju)翅的葉(xie)柄;托(tuo)葉(xie)具(ju)鋸齒。頭狀(zhuang)(zhuang)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)序(xu)直(zhi)徑2.5-4(-5)cm,在(zai)莖(jing)枝(zhi)頂端(duan)(duan)排成(cheng)(cheng)傘(san)房(fang)(fang)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)圓錐花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)騙子或(huo)不規則(ze)的傘(san)房(fang)(fang)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)序(xu);總(zong)苞直(zhi)徑8-20mm,長5-6mm;總(zong)苞片(pian)(pian)邊(bian)(bian)緣(yuan)寬膜(mo)質;舌狀(zhuang)(zhuang)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)黃(huang)色(se),雌性;盤花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)兩性,筒狀(zhuang)(zhuang)。瘦果(guo)全部(bu)同(tong)形(xing),有5條(tiao)極細的縱(zong)肋,無冠狀(zhuang)(zhuang)冠毛(mao)(mao)。花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)期9-10月。2.巖香(xiang)菊(ju) 本種與(yu)野菊(ju)的區別在(zai)于:葉(xie)為羽(yu)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)深裂(lie)(lie),綠(lv)色(se)或(huo)淡綠(lv)色(se),兩面被稀疏的呀(ya)下(xia)(xia)面稍多(duo)(duo)膨(peng)松(song)的柔毛(mao)(mao);頭狀(zhuang)(zhuang)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)序(xu)多(duo)(duo)數在(zai)莖(jing)枝(zhi)頂端(duan)(duan)排成(cheng)(cheng)疏松(song)的傘(san)房(fang)(fang)或(huo)復傘(san)房(fang)(fang)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)序(xu),舌狀(zhuang)(zhuang)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)黃(huang)色(se)。花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)果(guo)期5-11月。
栽培 : 生物學特(te)性 喜(xi)涼爽濕潤氣候,耐寒。以(yi)土(tu)層深厚、疏松肥沃、富(fu)含(han)腐(fu)殖(zhi)質(zhi)的壤土(tu)栽培為宜。穴內撒施石灰消(xiao)毒。蟲害有跳甲、蚜早(zao)。
性狀 : 性狀(zhuang)鑒(jian)別 (1)野菊花(hua)(hua) 頭(tou)(tou)(tou)狀(zhuang)花(hua)(hua)序(xu)類球形(xing)(xing)(xing),直(zhi)徑(jing)1.5-2.5cm,棕(zong)黃(huang)(huang)色(se)。總(zong)苞(bao)(bao)(bao)片4-5層(ceng),外層(ceng)苞(bao)(bao)(bao)片卵(luan)(luan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)或(huo)卵(luan)(luan)狀(zhuang)三角形(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)2.5-3mm,外表(biao)面中部灰綠(lv)色(se)或(huo)淡(dan)棕(zong)色(se),常(chang)被(bei)有白毛(mao),邊緣膜(mo)質(zhi);中層(ceng)苞(bao)(bao)(bao)片卵(luan)(luan)形(xing)(xing)(xing);內層(ceng)苞(bao)(bao)(bao)片長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)橢圓表(biao)。總(zong)苞(bao)(bao)(bao)基部有的(de)殘留(liu)總(zong)花(hua)(hua)梗。舌(she)(she)狀(zhuang)花(hua)(hua)1輪(lun),黃(huang)(huang)色(se),皺(zhou)(zhou)縮卷曲,展平后(hou),舌(she)(she)片長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)1-1.3cm,先端全緣或(huo)2-3齒;筒(tong)狀(zhuang)花(hua)(hua)多數,深(shen)黃(huang)(huang)色(se)。氣(qi)(qi)芳香(xiang),味苦。(2)巖香(xiang)菊花(hua)(hua) 頭(tou)(tou)(tou)狀(zhuang)花(hua)(hua)序(xu)直(zhi)徑(jing)1-1.5cm;總(zong)苞(bao)(bao)(bao)片4-5層(ceng),外層(ceng)苞(bao)(bao)(bao)片線(xian)形(xing)(xing)(xing)或(huo)線(xian)狀(zhuang)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)圓形(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)2.5mm;中內層(ceng)苞(bao)(bao)(bao)片卵(luan)(luan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)、長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)橢圓形(xing)(xing)(xing)至倒披(pi)針形(xing)(xing)(xing)。舌(she)(she)狀(zhuang)花(hua)(hua)黃(huang)(huang)色(se),舌(she)(she)片橢圓形(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)5-7.5mm。均以完(wan)整、色(se)黃(huang)(huang)、氣(qi)(qi)香(xiang)者為(wei)佳。顯微鑒(jian)別 野菊花(hua)(hua)粉末特征:黃(huang)(huang)棕(zong)色(se)。①花(hua)(hua)粉粒黃(huang)(huang)色(se),類圓形(xing)(xing)(xing),直(zhi)徑(jing)20-33μm,每裂(lie)片4-5刺。②腺(xian)毛(mao)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)部鞋底形(xing)(xing)(xing),4-6(-8)細胞(bao),兩面相對排(pai)列,長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)徑(jing)35-120μm,短徑(jing)33-67μm,外被(bei)角質(zhi)層(ceng)。③T形(xing)(xing)(xing)毛(mao)較(jiao)多,頂端細胞(bao)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)大,壁(bi)一(yi)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)一(yi)短,直(zhi)徑(jing)23-50μm,壁(bi)稍(shao)厚(hou)或(huo)一(yi)邊稍(shao)厚(hou),基部1-13細胞(bao),其中一(yi)個稍(shao)膨大或(huo)皺(zhou)(zhou)縮。
毒性 : 野(ye)(ye)菊(ju)花的(de)毒(du)性低(di),慢(man)(man)性給藥(yao)亦(yi)(yi)無(wu)(wu)蓄積現象。心(xin)電圖(tu)顯示野(ye)(ye)菊(ju)花對心(xin)臟無(wu)(wu)毒(du)性,不麻醉(zui)大(da)鼠腹腔(qiang)注(zhu)射(she)36g/kg以下,心(xin)電圖(tu)無(wu)(wu)改變(bian),劑量(liang)增至52g/kg,心(xin)搏顯著(zhu)變(bian)慢(man)(man),P-R及(ji)Q-T間(jian)期延長及(ji)T波變(bian)寬而(er)圓鈍。正常(chang)大(da)每日服(fu)提(ti)取物HC-1300mg/kg連續(xu)3周(zhou),除(chu)有時(shi)嘔吐(tu)外,無(wu)(wu)嚴重毒(du)性反應,肝(gan)、腎功能之測定亦(yi)(yi)顯示正常(chang)。野(ye)(ye)菊(ju)花流浸膏水溶液腹腔(qiang)注(zhu)射(she)于清醒大(da)鼠52g(生藥(yao))/kg 時(shi),出現心(xin)率顯著(zhu)變(bian)慢(man)(man),P-R和Q-T間(jian)期延長及(ji)T波變(bian)寬而(er)圓鈍,于4小時(shi)后死亡(wang)。據初步觀察,此(ci)制劑的(de)致死量(liang)約為有效量(liang)的(de)9倍(bei)。野(ye)(ye)菊(ju)花全草制劑的(de)毒(du)性大(da)于花的(de)提(ti)取物,野(ye)(ye)菊(ju)花慢(man)(man)性用藥(yao)并無(wu)(wu)蓄積中毒(du)現象。
化學成分 : 含(han)野(ye)(ye)(ye)菊(ju)花(hua)內酯(handelin chrysanthelide)[1,2],野(ye)(ye)(ye)菊(ju)花(hua)醇(chun)(chun)(chrysanthemol)[3],野(ye)(ye)(ye)菊(ju)花(hua)三醇(chun)(chun)(chrysanthetriol)[4],野(ye)(ye)(ye)菊(ju)花(hua)酮(indicumeneone)[5],菊(ju)油(you)環酮(chrysanthenone)[6,7],順-螺烯醇(chun)(chun)醚(cis-spiroenol ether),反(fan)-螺烯醇(chun)(chun)醚(trans-spiroenol ether)[8],當(dang)(dang)歸(gui)(gui)酰豚(tun)草(cao)(cao)素(su)(su)(su)(su)(angeloylcumambrin)B,當(dang)(dang)歸(gui)(gui)酰亞(ya)(ya)菊(ju)素(su)(su)(su)(su)(angeloylajadin),蘇格蘭蒿(hao)素(su)(su)(su)(su)(arteglasin)A[9],刺(ci)槐甙(aca-ciin)[10],木犀(xi)草(cao)(cao)素(su)(su)(su)(su)(luteolin)[11],木犀(xi)草(cao)(cao)素(su)(su)(su)(su)-7-β-D-葡(pu)萄糖甙(lute-olin-7-β-D-glucoside),槲皮素(su)(su)(su)(su)-β-D-葡(pu)萄糖甙(quercitin-β-D-gluco-side)[12],矢(shi)車(che)菊(ju)甙(chrysanthemin)[13],菊(ju)黃質(chrysanthemax-anthin)[14],胡(hu)蘿卜(bu)甙(daucosterol),豚(tun)草(cao)(cao)素(su)(su)(su)(su)(cumambrin)S,刺(ci)槐素(su)(su)(su)(su)(acacetin)[3],刺(ci)槐素(su)(su)(su)(su)-7-O-β-D-吡喃半乳糖甙(acacetin-7-O-β-D-galactopyranoside)[15],1-單山萮酸甘油(you)(glyceryl-1-monobehe-nate),棕(zong)櫚酸(palmitic acid)[3],熊果酸(ursolic acid),亞(ya)(ya)油(you)酸(linoleic acid),β-谷甾醇(chun)(chun)(β-sitosterol),羽房豆醇(chun)(chun)(lupeol)[16],正二十八(ba)烷醇(chun)(chun)(octacosylalcohol)[17]以(yi)及(ji)揮(hui)發油(you)等(deng)[18]。
藥理作用 : 1.對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)心(xin)血(xue)(xue)管(guan)(guan)(guan)系統的(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong):野(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)菊(ju)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)水(shui)提(ti)醇(chun)(chun)沉法(fa)制(zhi)得的(de)(de)(de)(de)注(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)射(she)液(ye)靜(jing)脈(mo)注(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)射(she) 1.5-2.0g(生(sheng)(sheng)藥(yao))/kg于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)麻(ma)(ma)醉(zui)貓(mao),冠(guan)(guan)(guan)脈(mo)流(liu)量(liang)立即增(zeng)加(jia)(jia)93%,持續觀察(cha)40分(fen)鐘(zhong)冠(guan)(guan)(guan)脈(mo)流(liu)量(liang)均(jun)(jun)較(jiao)給(gei)藥(yao)前(qian)增(zeng)加(jia)(jia),有(you)(you)(you)(you)顯(xian)(xian)(xian)著(zhu)性(xing)(xing)差(cha)異。心(xin)率(lv)(lv)(lv)給(gei)藥(yao)后(hou)顯(xian)(xian)(xian)著(zhu)減慢(man),給(gei)藥(yao)后(hou)即刻較(jiao)給(gei)藥(yao)前(qian)降(jiang)(jiang)低(di)(di)(di)12%。動靜(jing)脈(mo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)氧(yang)分(fen)壓差(cha)較(jiao)給(gei)藥(yao)前(qian)降(jiang)(jiang)低(di)(di)(di),說明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)心(xin)肌(ji)耗氧(yang)量(liang)降(jiang)(jiang)低(di)(di)(di)。對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)離體(ti)兔(tu)(tu)心(xin),注(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)入野(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)菊(ju)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)注(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)射(she)液(ye)后(hou),冠(guan)(guan)(guan)脈(mo)流(liu)量(liang)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)顯(xian)(xian)(xian)增(zeng)加(jia)(jia),心(xin)肌(ji)收(shou)縮(suo)振幅明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)顯(xian)(xian)(xian)降(jiang)(jiang)低(di)(di)(di)。兔(tu)(tu)腎(shen)和(he)(he)兔(tu)(tu)耳血(xue)(xue)管(guan)(guan)(guan)給(gei)野(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)菊(ju)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)注(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)射(she)液(ye)后(hou)也(ye)見明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)顯(xian)(xian)(xian)擴張作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)。野(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)菊(ju)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)劑(ji)(ji)用(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)實驗(yan)(yan)(yan)性(xing)(xing)心(xin)肌(ji)梗塞或(huo)供(gong)血(xue)(xue)不足的(de)(de)(de)(de)犬(quan)(quan),能顯(xian)(xian)(xian)著(zhu)提(ti)高心(xin)肌(ji)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)銫的(de)(de)(de)(de)攝(she)取(qu)(qu)(qu)量(liang)。野(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)菊(ju)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)水(shui)煎(jian)(jian)醇(chun)(chun)沉乙酸乙酯提(ti)取(qu)(qu)(qu)物(wu),80mg/kg 靜(jing)脈(mo)注(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)射(she)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)健(jian)康麻(ma)(ma)醉(zui)犬(quan)(quan),可使冠(guan)(guan)(guan)脈(mo)流(liu)量(liang)增(zeng)加(jia)(jia)49.6%,冠(guan)(guan)(guan)脈(mo)阻(zu)力下(xia)降(jiang)(jiang)45.8%,作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)持續約10分(fen)鐘(zhong)同(tong)時心(xin)率(lv)(lv)(lv)減慢(man),血(xue)(xue)壓同(tong)總(zong)外(wai)周阻(zu)力下(xia)降(jiang)(jiang),心(xin)輸(shu)出(chu)量(liang)及(ji)每搏(bo)輸(shu)出(chu)量(liang)增(zeng)加(jia)(jia),左(zuo)心(xin)作(zuo)功(gong)量(liang)減少,較(jiao)之(zhi)給(gei)藥(yao)前(qian)均(jun)(jun)有(you)(you)(you)(you)顯(xian)(xian)(xian)著(zhu)差(cha)異。野(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)菊(ju)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)注(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)射(she)液(ye)2g(生(sheng)(sheng)藥(yao))/kg 靜(jing)脈(mo)注(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)射(she),對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)犬(quan)(quan)實驗(yan)(yan)(yan)性(xing)(xing)心(xin)肌(ji)缺血(xue)(xue)也(ye)有(you)(you)(you)(you)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)顯(xian)(xian)(xian)保護作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong),效(xiao)(xiao)應(ying)強(qiang)度(du)(du)(du)(du)大于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)心(xin)得安1mg/kg。2.對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)血(xue)(xue)小(xiao)(xiao)板(ban)聚(ju)(ju)集(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)影(ying)(ying)響(xiang):取(qu)(qu)(qu)雄(xiong)性(xing)(xing)家(jia)兔(tu)(tu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)頸(jing)動脈(mo)血(xue)(xue)制(zhi)備成富血(xue)(xue)小(xiao)(xiao)報血(xue)(xue)漿,0.9ml于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)聚(ju)(ju)集(ji)(ji)管(guan)(guan)(guan)中(zhong)(zhong),加(jia)(jia)入0.1ml含1g(生(sheng)(sheng)藥(yao))/ml的(de)(de)(de)(de)野(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)菊(ju)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)注(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)射(she)液(ye),室(shi)溫(wen)下(xia)放置3分(fen)鐘(zhong)后(hou)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)37℃攪拌保溫(wen)2分(fen)鐘(zhong),加(jia)(jia)ADP 5μl,利用(yong)(yong)(yong)回(hui)歸法(fa)計(ji)算(suan)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)ADP誘導的(de)(de)(de)(de)家(jia)兔(tu)(tu)血(xue)(xue)小(xiao)(xiao)板(ban)聚(ju)(ju)集(ji)(ji)能力。其(qi)(qi)抑(yi)制(zhi)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)是(shi)丹(dan)參(can)的(de)(de)(de)(de)2.3倍(bei),黨參(can)的(de)(de)(de)(de)3.2倍(bei),其(qi)(qi)50%的(de)(de)(de)(de)解聚(ju)(ju)劑(ji)(ji)量(liang)相(xiang)當于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)丹(dan)參(can)的(de)(de)(de)(de)60%,黨參(can)的(de)(de)(de)(de)50%左(zuo)右。3.降(jiang)(jiang)壓作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong):野(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)菊(ju)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)乙醇(chun)(chun)流(liu)浸膏水(shui)溶(rong)液(ye)腹(fu)腔注(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)射(she)或(huo)灌胃,對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)不麻(ma)(ma)醉(zui)大鼠,麻(ma)(ma)醉(zui)貓(mao)和(he)(he)麻(ma)(ma)醉(zui)犬(quan)(quan)均(jun)(jun)有(you)(you)(you)(you)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)顯(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)降(jiang)(jiang)壓作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)。野(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)菊(ju)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)乙醇(chun)(chun)浸膏精制(zhi)提(ti)取(qu)(qu)(qu)物(wu)50-100mg腸內(nei)注(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)射(she),可使麻(ma)(ma)醉(zui)貓(mao)2h內(nei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)降(jiang)(jiang)壓面積(ji)百分(fen)比(bi)(bi)達-19 到-22%,對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)心(xin)率(lv)(lv)(lv)與(yu)呼吸均(jun)(jun)無(wu)(wu)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)顯(xian)(xian)(xian)影(ying)(ying)響(xiang)。;給(gei)正常(chang)犬(quan)(quan)1次(ci) 灌胃 100-150mg/kg,或(huo)給(gei)慢(man)性(xing)(xing)腎(shen)型(xing)高血(xue)(xue)壓犬(quan)(quan)每日(ri) 灌胃 100-200mg/kg,連給(gei)3周,均(jun)(jun)有(you)(you)(you)(you)一定的(de)(de)(de)(de)降(jiang)(jiang)壓效(xiao)(xiao)果(guo)。其(qi)(qi)降(jiang)(jiang)壓特點為(wei)緩慢(man)而(er)(er)持久,且無(wu)(wu)嚴重毒(du)(du)性(xing)(xing)反(fan)應(ying)。值得注(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)意的(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)其(qi)(qi)水(shui)提(ti)取(qu)(qu)(qu)者基本不降(jiang)(jiang)壓,說明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)降(jiang)(jiang)壓活(huo)性(xing)(xing)成分(fen)存(cun)在(zai)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)酯溶(rong)性(xing)(xing)部分(fen)。野(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)菊(ju)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)流(liu)浸膏水(shui)溶(rong)液(ye) 腹(fu)腔注(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)射(she) 對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)貓(mao)仍有(you)(you)(you)(you)降(jiang)(jiang)壓作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong),且能抑(yi)制(zhi)阻(zu)斷頸(jing)總(zong)動脈(mo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)加(jia)(jia)壓反(fan)應(ying)。試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)還(huan)證(zheng)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)野(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)菊(ju)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)神(shen)經(jing)節及(ji)M-膽堿受(shou)體(ti)無(wu)(wu)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)顯(xian)(xian)(xian)影(ying)(ying)響(xiang),但有(you)(you)(you)(you)抗(kang)腎(shen)上(shang)腺(xian)素作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)。麻(ma)(ma)醉(zui)犬(quan)(quan)腹(fu)腔注(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)射(she),不減少心(xin)輸(shu)出(chu)量(liang),而(er)(er)血(xue)(xue)管(guan)(guan)(guan)擴張,總(zong)外(wai)周阻(zu)力降(jiang)(jiang)低(di)(di)(di),血(xue)(xue)壓下(xia)降(jiang)(jiang)。綜合(he)以(yi)上(shang)各點,認為(wei)野(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)菊(ju)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)降(jiang)(jiang)壓機(ji)理(li)(li)不是(shi)降(jiang)(jiang)低(di)(di)(di)心(xin)輸(shu)出(chu)量(liang)或(huo)阻(zu)滯(zhi)交感神(shen)經(jing)節,也(ye)不是(shi)通過(guo)迷走(zou)神(shen)經(jing)反(fan)射(she)機(ji)制(zhi),而(er)(er)是(shi)通過(guo)抗(kang)腎(shen)上(shang)腺(xian)素和(he)(he)擴張外(wai)周血(xue)(xue)管(guan)(guan)(guan),以(yi)及(ji)可能還(huan)和(he)(he)抑(yi)制(zhi)血(xue)(xue)管(guan)(guan)(guan)運動中(zhong)(zhong)樞有(you)(you)(you)(you)關(guan)。4.抗(kang)病(bing)(bing)原(yuan)(yuan)微(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu):野(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)菊(ju)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)水(shui)煎(jian)(jian)劑(ji)(ji)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)強(qiang)毒(du)(du)人(ren)(ren)型(xing)結(jie)核分(fen)枝(zhi)桿菌(jun)(jun)(jun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)最低(di)(di)(di)抑(yi)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)濃(nong)(nong)度(du)(du)(du)(du)為(wei)2.5mg/ml,對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)堪薩斯分(fen)枝(zhi)桿菌(jun)(jun)(jun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)最低(di)(di)(di)抑(yi)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)濃(nong)(nong)度(du)(du)(du)(du)為(wei)10mg/ml,對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)胞(bao)內(nei)分(fen)枝(zhi)桿菌(jun)(jun)(jun)無(wu)(wu)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong),其(qi)(qi)抑(yi)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)原(yuan)(yuan)理(li)(li)是(shi)使細菌(jun)(jun)(jun)胞(bao)壁發生(sheng)(sheng)改變,破(po)壞(huai)(huai)或(huo)消失,并使其(qi)(qi)超微(wei)結(jie)構明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)顯(xian)(xian)(xian)破(po)壞(huai)(huai)。野(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)菊(ju)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)或(huo)野(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)菊(ju)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)枝(zhi)葉(xie)1:5煎(jian)(jian)劑(ji)(ji)在(zai)試(shi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)內(nei)有(you)(you)(you)(you)抑(yi)制(zhi)痢(li)疾桿菌(jun)(jun)(jun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)功(gong)效(xiao)(xiao),枝(zhi)葉(xie)尚有(you)(you)(you)(you)抑(yi)制(zhi)傷寒桿菌(jun)(jun)(jun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)功(gong)效(xiao)(xiao)。野(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)菊(ju)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)煎(jian)(jian)劑(ji)(ji)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)其(qi)(qi)它多種致(zhi)病(bing)(bing)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)亦有(you)(you)(you)(you)抑(yi)制(zhi)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong),MIC約在(zai)1:10-1:80之(zhi)間,高濃(nong)(nong)度(du)(du)(du)(du)時對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)多種皮膚真菌(jun)(jun)(jun)也(ye)有(you)(you)(you)(you)不同(tong)程(cheng)度(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)抑(yi)制(zhi)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)。野(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)菊(ju)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)全草的(de)(de)(de)(de)抑(yi)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)強(qiang)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua),鮮品(pin)強(qiang)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)干品(pin),加(jia)(jia)熱(如(ru)經(jing)高壓消毒(du)(du))則效(xiao)(xiao)價降(jiang)(jiang)低(di)(di)(di)。野(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)菊(ju)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)煎(jian)(jian)劑(ji)(ji)還(huan)有(you)(you)(you)(you)延緩ECHO11病(bing)(bing)毒(du)(du),皰疹病(bing)(bing)毒(du)(du)及(ji)流(liu)感病(bing)(bing)毒(du)(du)京(jing)科68-1株(zhu)所致(zhi)人(ren)(ren)胚腎(shen)或(huo)人(ren)(ren)胚肺原(yuan)(yuan)代(dai)單層上(shang)皮細胞(bao)病(bing)(bing)變的(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong),但對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)副流(liu)感病(bing)(bing)毒(du)(du)(仙臺株(zhu)),腺(xian)病(bing)(bing)毒(du)(du)(3型(xing))及(ji)鼻病(bing)(bing)毒(du)(du)(17型(xing)和(he)(he)20型(xing))均(jun)(jun)無(wu)(wu)效(xiao)(xiao)。此外(wai),野(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)菊(ju)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)在(zai)試(shi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)內(nei)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)鉤端螺旋體(ti)也(ye)有(you)(you)(you)(you)抑(yi)制(zhi)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong),不同(tong)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)型(xing)無(wu)(wu)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)顯(xian)(xian)(xian)區別,而(er)(er)水(shui)煎(jian)(jian)劑(ji)(ji)強(qiang)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)醇(chun)(chun)浸制(zhi)劑(ji)(ji)。5.促進(jin)白細胞(bao)吞噬功(gong)能:體(ti)外(wai)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan),1:1280 濃(nong)(nong)度(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)野(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)菊(ju)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)煎(jian)(jian)劑(ji)(ji),有(you)(you)(you)(you)促進(jin)人(ren)(ren)體(ti)白細胞(bao)吞噬金(jin)黃色葡萄球(qiu)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong),但其(qi)(qi)水(shui)煎(jian)(jian)劑(ji)(ji)液(ye)則無(wu)(wu)此作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)。6.其(qi)(qi)它作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong):野(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)菊(ju)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)水(shui)煎(jian)(jian)醇(chun)(chun)沉制(zhi)取(qu)(qu)(qu)物(wu),50或(huo)150 mg 腹(fu)腔注(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)射(she)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)銀環蛇或(huo)眼睛蛇蛇毒(du)(du)中(zhong)(zhong)毒(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)小(xiao)(xiao)鼠,與(yu)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)照組(zu)比(bi)(bi)較(jiao),死亡率(lv)(lv)(lv)有(you)(you)(you)(you)所降(jiang)(jiang)低(di)(di)(di);但對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)尖吻蝮(fu)蛇毒(du)(du)中(zhong)(zhong)毒(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)小(xiao)(xiao)鼠,無(wu)(wu)治(zhi)療作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)。
鑒別 : 理化鑒別 取(qu)本品粉末(mo)3g,加乙醇(chun)40ml,加熱回(hui)流1h,濾過(guo)。濾液(ye)(ye)揮下述方法度驗:①取(qu)濾液(ye)(ye)1滴(di),點于濾紙上,噴灑三氯化鋁(lv)試液(ye)(ye),干后,置紫外光燈(deng)(365nm)下觀察,顯(xian)黃綠色(se)熒(ying)光。(檢(jian)查黃酮(tong))②取(qu)濾液(ye)(ye)2ml,加鎂粉少(shao)量及鹽(yan)酸4-5滴(di),加熱,顯(xian)棕(zong)紅色(se)。(檢(jian)查黃酮(tong))
歸經 : 歸肺;肝經
性味 : 味苦;辛(xin);性平
注意 : 脾胃虛寒(han)者,孕婦慎用。
功能主治 : 清熱解毒;疏風平肝。主疔瘡;癰(yong)疽;丹毒;濕(shi)疹;皮(pi)炎;風熱感冒;咽喉(hou)腫痛;高血壓病
用法用量 : 內服:煎湯,10-15g,鮮品可用(yong)至(zhi)30-60g。外用(yong):適量,搗敷;煎水漱(shu)口(kou)或淋洗。
復方 : ①治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)療瘡:野菊(ju)(ju)(ju)花(hua)和(he)黃糖搗爛(lan)(lan)貼患處。如(ru)生于發際,加梅片(pian)、生地(di)(di)龍(long)同敷(fu)。(《嶺南草(cao)藥(yao)(yao)志》)②治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)切癰疽膿瘍,耳鼻咽喉口腔諸陽(yang)癥膿腫(zhong):野菊(ju)(ju)(ju)花(hua)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)六錢(qian),蒲公英一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)六錢(qian),紫(zi)花(hua)地(di)(di)丁一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)兩(liang)(liang)(liang),連翹一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)兩(liang)(liang)(liang),石斜一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)。水(shui)(shui)(shui)煎(jian),一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)日(ri)三回(hui)分服(fu)。③治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)夏令熱癤及(ji)皮(pi)膚(fu)濕瘡潰(kui)爛(lan)(lan):用(yong)野菊(ju)(ju)(ju)花(hua)或莖葉煎(jian)濃湯(tang)洗滌,并以(yi)(yi)藥(yao)(yao)棉或紗布浸藥(yao)(yao)湯(tang)掩敷(fu),一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)日(ri)數回(hui)。④治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)胃腸炎(yan),腸鳴泄瀉腹痛: 野菊(ju)(ju)(ju)花(hua)三、四錢(qian)。煎(jian)湯(tang),一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)日(ri)二(er)(er)、三回(hui)內服(fu)。(②方以(yi)(yi)下(xia)出(chu)《本草(cao)推陳》)⑤治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)腸鳳:,野菊(ju)(ju)(ju)花(hua)六兩(liang)(liang)(liang)(曬千,、炒成炭),懷熟地(di)(di)八兩(liang)(liang)(liang)(酒煮,搗膏),炮姜四兩(liang)(liang)(liang),蒼術三兩(liang)(liang)(liang),地(di)(di)榆(yu)二(er)(er)兩(liang)(liang)(liang),北五(wu)味二(er)(er)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)。煉蜜為(wei)九梧桐子大(da);每服(fu)五(wu)錢(qian),食(shi)前白湯(tang)送下(xia)。(《本草(cao)匯言》)⑥預(yu)防(fang)流(liu)腦:野菊(ju)(ju)(ju)花(hua)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)斤。將上藥(yao)(yao)粉碎,加水(shui)(shui)(shui)十斤,熬煎(jian)至(zhi)70% 煎(jian)液,過濾去渣。在流(liu)腦流(liu)行期,用(yong)上項藥(yao)(yao)液滴鼻二(er)(er)至(zhi)三滴,每日(ri)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)次。(遼寧《中(zhong)草(cao)藥(yao)(yao)新醫療法資料選編(bian)》)⑦治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大(da)、小葉性肺(fei)(fei)炎(yan),支氣管炎(yan),闌(lan)尾炎(yan)及(ji)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)急性炎(yan)癥疾病:野菊(ju)(ju)(ju)花(hua)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)兩(liang)(liang)(liang),一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)點紅五(wu)錢(qian),主銀花(hua)藤葉一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)兩(liang)(liang)(liang),積雪(xue)草(cao)五(wu)錢(qian),犁頭草(cao)五(wu)錢(qian),白茅根五(wu)錢(qian)。水(shui)(shui)(shui)煎(jian)服(fu),每日(ri)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)至(zhi)二(er)(er)劑。⑧治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)泌(mi)尿系統(tong)感染:野菊(ju)(ju)(ju)花(hua)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)兩(liang)(liang)(liang),海金砂一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)。水(shui)(shui)(shui)煎(jian)服(fu),每日(ri)二(er)(er)劑。 ⑨治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)擴散型肺(fei)(fei)結(jie)核:野菊(ju)(ju)(ju)花(hua)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)五(wu)錢(qian),地(di)(di)膽草(cao)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)兩(liang)(liang)(liang),蘭香草(cao)二(er)(er)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)。水(shui)(shui)(shui)煎(jian)服(fu),每日(ri)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)劑。⑩治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)頭癬(xian)、濕疹(zhen)、天泡瘡:野菊(ju)(ju)(ju)花(hua)、苦楝根皮(pi)、苦參根各適量(liang)。水(shui)(shui)(shui)煎(jian)外洗。(⑦方以(yi)(yi)下(xia)出(chu)《江(jiang)西(xi)草(cao)藥(yao)(yao)》)
臨床應用 : 1.預(yu)防感(gan)冒(mao)(mao)(mao):將(jiang)野(ye)(ye)菊(ju)花用(yong)(yong)沸(fei)水浸泡1小時(shi)(shi),煎30分鐘(zhong),取藥(yao)(yao)(yao)液內(nei)服。成人(ren)(ren)每(mei)(mei)(mei)次(ci)(ci)(ci)2錢,兒童酌減。一(yi)(yi)(yi)般每(mei)(mei)(mei)月普遍投(tou)(tou)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)1次(ci)(ci)(ci),以往每(mei)(mei)(mei)年感(gan)冒(mao)(mao)(mao)3-5次(ci)(ci)(ci)者(zhe)(zhe)每(mei)(mei)(mei)兩周投(tou)(tou)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)1次(ci)(ci)(ci),經常感(gan)冒(mao)(mao)(mao)者(zhe)(zhe)每(mei)(mei)(mei)周投(tou)(tou)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)1次(ci)(ci)(ci)。以100D人(ren)(ren)服藥(yao)(yao)(yao)后的(de)發病(bing)(bing)情(qing)況(kuang)與上一(yi)(yi)(yi)年同(tong)(tong)時(shi)(shi)期(qi)(qi)相比(bi)較)發病(bing)(bing)率(lv)下(xia)降(jiang)13.2% ;與居(ju)住鄰近、條(tiao)件(jian)(jian)基本相同(tong)(tong)而(er)未(wei)服藥(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)261人(ren)(ren)相對(dui)(dui)(dui)照,發病(bing)(bing)率(lv)亦顯著為(wei)低(di)。同(tong)(tong)時(shi)(shi)對(dui)(dui)(dui)工19例(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)慢(man)性(xing)(xing)(xing)氣(qi)管炎(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)患者(zhe)(zhe)投(tou)(tou)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)前后的(de)復發情(qing)況(kuang)進行了比(bi)較,結(jie)果(guo)未(wei)投(tou)(tou)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)時(shi)(shi)(上一(yi)(yi)(yi)年同(tong)(tong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)時(shi)(shi)期(qi)(qi))全(quan)部復發,投(tou)(tou)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)后的(de)復發率(lv)為(wei)38%。2.治(zhi)(zhi)療(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)呼(hu)吸(xi)道(dao)炎(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)癥(zheng)(zheng)等:用(yong)(yong)100% 野(ye)(ye)菊(ju)花注(zhu)射(she)液,每(mei)(mei)(mei)次(ci)(ci)(ci)注(zhu)射(she):2-4ml,六小 時(shi)(shi)1次(ci)(ci)(ci)。 療(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)上呼(hu)吸(xi)道(dao)感(gan)染40例(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li),痊(quan)愈(yu)(yu)35例(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li),好轉(zhuan)1例(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li);扁(bian)桃(tao)體(ti)炎(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)20例(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li),痊(quan)愈(yu)(yu)18例(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li);氣(qi)管炎(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)20例(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li),痊(quan)愈(yu)(yu)5例(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li),好轉(zhuan)n例(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)。用(yong)(yong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)后平(ping)均1-2天退熱。另有用(yong)(yong)50% 注(zhu)射(she)液每(mei)(mei)(mei)日肌肉注(zhu)射(she)2-3ml,治(zhi)(zhi)療(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)毒性(xing)(xing)(xing)扁(bian)桃(tao)體(ti)炎(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)和其(qi)他(ta)急性(xing)(xing)(xing)炎(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)癥(zheng)(zheng)(包括氣(qi)管炎(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)、肺炎(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)、子宮(gong)(gong)內(nei)膜炎(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)、附件(jian)(jian)炎(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)、齒齦(yin)感(gan)染等)共(gong)81例(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li),治(zhi)(zhi)愈(yu)(yu)率(lv)占49.4% ,有效(xiao)(xiao)率(lv)為(wei)95%。3.治(zhi)(zhi)療(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)宮(gong)(gong)頸(jing)炎(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)等:陰道(dao)經沖(chong)洗(xi)后,用(yong)(yong)野(ye)(ye)菊(ju)花粉(fen)涂敷宮(gong)(gong)頸(jing),每(mei)(mei)(mei)日1次(ci)(ci)(ci),3-5天為(wei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)療(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)程。治(zhi)(zhi)療(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)慢(man)性(xing)(xing)(xing)宮(gong)(gong)頸(jing)炎(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)11例(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li),7 例(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)痊(quan)愈(yu)(yu)。或(huo)用(yong)(yong)野(ye)(ye)菊(ju)花注(zhu)射(she)液局部治(zhi)(zhi)療(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao),觀察(cha)宮(gong)(gong)頸(jing)炎(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)、陰道(dao)炎(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)、外陰潰瘍等43例(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li),有效(xiao)(xiao)率(lv)為(wei)90.7%,治(zhi)(zhi)愈(yu)(yu)率(lv)占35%。4.治(zhi)(zhi)療(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)癰毒癤腫:成人(ren)(ren)每(mei)(mei)(mei)天用(yong)(yong)新鮮野(ye)(ye)菊(ju)花3-5兩,煎分兩次(ci)(ci)(ci)服:或(huo)搗(dao)取汁(zhi)100ml左右,1次(ci)(ci)(ci)服下(xia)。亦可(ke)搗(dao)敷患處,稍干即換(huan)。對(dui)(dui)(dui)全(quan)身及(ji)頭(tou)面(mian)部多發性(xing)(xing)(xing)癤腫,如外敷不便,可(ke)煎水浸洗(xi)局部。5.治(zhi)(zhi)療(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)高血壓病(bing)(bing):將(jiang)野(ye)(ye)菊(ju)花制成流浸膏,每(mei)(mei)(mei)毫升(含生藥(yao)(yao)(yao)2g)加單糖漿至(zhi)5ml。每(mei)(mei)(mei)服10ml,日服3次(ci)(ci)(ci)。初步觀察(cha)Ⅰ Ⅱ 期(qi)(qi)高血壓病(bing)(bing)患者(zhe)(zhe)35例(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li),息療(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)效(xiao)(xiao)達68.57% ,其(qi)中顯效(xiao)(xiao)為(wei)17.14% ,輕(qing)度療(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)效(xiao)(xiao)為(wei)51.43% ,無效(xiao)(xiao)31.43% 。對(dui)(dui)(dui)癥(zheng)(zheng)狀(zhuang)改善也有一(yi)(yi)(yi)定效(xiao)(xiao)果(guo),半數以上病(bing)(bing)例(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)失眠、頭(tou)脹(zhang)、頭(tou)痛、眩暈有所改善。
各家論述 : 1.《本草(cao)(cao)匯言》:破血(xue)疏肝,解(jie)(jie)疔散毒(du)。主婦人腹內宿血(xue),解(jie)(jie)天(tian)行火(huo)毒(du)丹疔。洗(xi)瘡疥(jie),又能去風殺蟲(chong)。2.《現代(dai)實用中(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)》:用于癰(yong)疽(ju)療腫(zhong)化膿(nong)(nong)病。3.《蘇(su)州本產藥(yao)(yao)材(cai)》:解(jie)(jie)毒(du)疏風。治(zhi)目(mu)(mu)疾眩暈。4.《浙江中(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)手冊》:排(pai)膿(nong)(nong)解(jie)(jie)毒(du),消腫(zhong)止(zhi)痛(tong)。治(zhi)癰(yong)腫(zhong)療毒(du),天(tian)皰濕瘡。5.《江蘇(su)植藥(yao)(yao)志》:治(zhi)霍亂(luan),腹痛(tong)。6.《山(shan)西(xi)中(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)志》:疏風熱,清頭(tou)目(mu)(mu),降火(huo)解(jie)(jie)毒(du)。治(zhi)諸(zhu)風眩暈,頭(tou)痛(tong),目(mu)(mu)赤,腫(zhong)毒(du)。7.《江西(xi)草(cao)(cao)藥(yao)(yao)》:治(zhi)白喉,口瘡,小兒高熱抽(chou)搐(chu)等癥。8.《上(shang)海常用中(zhong)草(cao)(cao)藥(yao)(yao)》:治(zhi)高血(xue)壓。
摘錄 : 《中華本草(cao)》
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