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杏葉

中醫(yi)世家 2023-05-04 02:02:42

《中藥大辭典》:杏葉

拼音注音 : Xìnɡ Yè

出處 : 《滇(dian)南本草》

來源 : 為薔薇科植物杏或山杏的葉。

原形態 : 植物形態(tai)詳"杏仁"條。

化學成分 : 含蕓(yun)香甙(dai)、硝(xiao)酸(suan)鹽還元(yuan)酶。

功能主治 : 治(zhi)目疾(ji),水(shui)腫。①《滇南本(ben)草(cao)》:"敷大(da)惡瘡(chuang)。"②《本(ben)草(cao)蒙筌》:"煎湯洗眼止淚。"

復方 : 治(zhi)卒腫滿身面皆洪大:杏葉(xie),銼,煮(zhu)令濃,及熱潰之(zhi),亦可(ke)服之(zhi)。(《補缺肘(zhou)后方》)

摘錄 : 《中藥大辭典(dian)》

《中華本草》:杏葉

拼音注音 : Xìnɡ Yè

別名 : 杏樹葉

英文名 : leaf of Apricot, leaf of Ansu Apricot

出處 : 出自《滇南(nan)本草》。

來源 : 藥材基(ji)源:為薔薇科(ke)植物(wu)(wu)杏(xing)、野杏(xing)或山杏(xing)的葉(xie)。拉丁植物(wu)(wu)動物(wu)(wu)礦物(wu)(wu)名:1.Armeniaca vulgaris Lam.2.Armeniaca vulgaris Lam.var.ansu(Maxim.)Yü et Lu.3.Armeniaca sibirica(L.)Lam.采(cai)收(shou)和儲藏(zang):夏、秋(qiu)季葉(xie)長茂盛(sheng)時采(cai)收(shou)。

生境分布 : 生態(tai)環境:3.山杏(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing) 生于(yu)(yu)海(hai)拔700-2000m的干燥(zao)向陽、丘陵、草原。4.東(dong)北(bei)(bei)(bei)杏(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing) 生于(yu)(yu)海(hai)拔400-1000m的開闊的向陽山坡(po)灌木(mu)林(lin)或雜木(mu)林(lin)下。1.杏(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing) 分(fen)布(bu)于(yu)(yu)全國(guo)各地(di)(di)(di)(di),多(duo)系栽(zai)培(pei)(pei)。在新疆伊(yi)犁一(yi)帶有野(ye)(ye)生。2.野(ye)(ye)杏(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing) 主(zhu)產于(yu)(yu)我(wo)國(guo)北(bei)(bei)(bei)部地(di)(di)(di)(di)區,栽(zai)培(pei)(pei)或野(ye)(ye)生,尤其(qi)在河北(bei)(bei)(bei)、山西等(deng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)普遍野(ye)(ye)生,山東(dong)、江蘇(su)等(deng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)也產。3.山杏(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing) 分(fen)布(bu)于(yu)(yu)東(dong)北(bei)(bei)(bei)、華北(bei)(bei)(bei)和甘肅等(deng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)。4.東(dong)北(bei)(bei)(bei)杏(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing) 分(fen)布(bu)于(yu)(yu)吉(ji)林(lin)、遼寧等(deng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)。資源(yuan)分(fen)布(bu):1.杏(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing) 分(fen)布(bu)于(yu)(yu)全國(guo)各地(di)(di)(di)(di),多(duo)系栽(zai)培(pei)(pei)。在新疆伊(yi)犁一(yi)帶有野(ye)(ye)生。2.野(ye)(ye)杏(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing) 主(zhu)產于(yu)(yu)我(wo)國(guo)北(bei)(bei)(bei)部地(di)(di)(di)(di)區,栽(zai)培(pei)(pei)或野(ye)(ye)生,尤其(qi)在河北(bei)(bei)(bei)、山西等(deng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)普遍野(ye)(ye)生,山東(dong)、江蘇(su)等(deng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)也產。3.山杏(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing) 分(fen)布(bu)于(yu)(yu)東(dong)北(bei)(bei)(bei)、華北(bei)(bei)(bei)和甘肅等(deng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)。4.東(dong)北(bei)(bei)(bei)杏(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing) 分(fen)布(bu)于(yu)(yu)吉(ji)林(lin)、遼寧等(deng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)。

原形態 : 1.杏 落葉(xie)(xie)(xie)小(xiao)(xiao)喬木(mu),高(gao)4-10cm;樹皮暗紅(hong)(hong)棕色,縱(zong)裂(lie)。單葉(xie)(xie)(xie)互生(sheng)(sheng);葉(xie)(xie)(xie)片圓(yuan)卵(luan)(luan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)或寬(kuan)卵(luan)(luan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),長 5-9cm,寬(kuan)4-8cm。春季先葉(xie)(xie)(xie)開(kai)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua),花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)單生(sheng)(sheng)枝端(duan),著生(sheng)(sheng)較(jiao)密,稍似總狀(zhuang);花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)幾無梗,花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)萼基部(bu)(bu)成筒(tong)狀(zhuang),外面被(bei)短(duan)柔毛(mao),上部(bu)(bu)5裂(lie);花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)瓣5,白色或淺(qian)粉紅(hong)(hong)色,圓(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)至寬(kuan)倒(dao)卵(luan)(luan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing);雄蕊多數,著生(sheng)(sheng)萼筒(tong)邊緣;雌蕊單心皮,著生(sheng)(sheng)萼筒(tong)基部(bu)(bu)。核(he)(he)果(guo)(guo)圓(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),稀倒(dao)卵(luan)(luan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),直徑(jing)(jing)2.5cm以上。種子1,心狀(zhuang)卵(luan)(luan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),淺(qian)紅(hong)(hong)色。花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)期(qi)3-4月(yue)(yue),果(guo)(guo)期(qi)6-7月(yue)(yue)。2.野杏 本變(bian)種的(de)主要特征為 葉(xie)(xie)(xie)片基部(bu)(bu)楔形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)或寬(kuan)楔形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing);花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)常2朵簇生(sheng)(sheng),淡紅(hong)(hong)色;果(guo)(guo)實近球(qiu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),紅(hong)(hong)色;核(he)(he)卵(luan)(luan)球(qiu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),離(li)肉(rou),表面粗糙而有網紋(wen),腹(fu)棱常銳利。3.山杏 灌木(mu)或小(xiao)(xiao)喬木(mu),高(gao)2-5m。葉(xie)(xie)(xie)卵(luan)(luan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)或近圓(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),長(3-)5-10cm,寬(kuan)(2.5-)4-7cm。花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)單生(sheng)(sheng),直徑(jing)(jing)1.5-2cm;萼片長圓(yuan)狀(zhuang)橢圓(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),先端(duan)尖;花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)瓣近圓(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)或倒(dao)卵(luan)(luan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),白色或粉紅(hong)(hong)色。果(guo)(guo)實扁(bian)球(qiu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),直徑(jing)(jing) 1.5-2.5cm,兩側(ce)扁(bian),果(guo)(guo)肉(rou)薄(bo)而干燥(zao),熟時開(kai)裂(lie),味酸澀,不能吃(chi)。核(he)(he)易(yi)與(yu)果(guo)(guo)肉(rou)分離(li),基部(bu)(bu)一(yi)側(ce)不對稱,平(ping)滑。花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)期(qi)3-4月(yue)(yue),果(guo)(guo)期(qi)6-7月(yue)(yue)。4.東北(bei)杏 大(da)喬木(mu),高(gao)5-15m。幼枝無毛(mao)。葉(xie)(xie)(xie)橢圓(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)或卵(luan)(luan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),長6-12cm,寬(kuan)3-8cm。花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)粉紅(hong)(hong)色或白色;雄蕊多數;子房密被(bei)柔毛(mao)。核(he)(he)果(guo)(guo)近球(qiu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),直徑(jing)(jing)1.5-2.6cm,黃色;核(he)(he)近球(qiu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)或寬(kuan)橢圓(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),長13-18mm,寬(kuan)11-18mm,粗糙,邊緣鈍(dun)。花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)期(qi)4-5月(yue)(yue),果(guo)(guo)期(qi)7月(yue)(yue)。

化學成分 : 1.杏(xing)葉(xie) 含(han)蕓香甙(dai)(rutin),槲(hu)皮(pi)(pi)素-3-鼠(shu)李(li)葡(pu)萄糖(tang)甙(dai)(quercetin-3-rhamnoglucoside),綠原酸(suan)(chlorogenic acid),新綠原酸(suan)(neochlorogenic acid)。2.野杏(xing)葉(xie) 含(han)槲(hu)皮(pi)(pi)甙(dai)(quercitrin),鼠(shu)李(li)素-3-O-鼠(shu)李(li)糖(tang)甙(dai)(rhamnetin-3-O-rhamnoside),鼠(shu)李(li)檸檬素-3-O-鼠(shu)李(li)糖(tang)甙(dai)(rhamnocitrin-3-O-rhamnoside)。3.山杏(xing)葉(xie) 含(han)根(gen)皮(pi)(pi)甙(dai)(phlorizin)。

歸經 : 肝;脾經

性味 : 辛;苦;微涼

功能主治 : 祛(qu)風利(li)濕(shi);明(ming)目。主水腫;皮膚瘙癢;目疾多淚;癰瘡瘰疬(li)

用法用量 : 內服:煎湯,3-10g;外用:煎水洗(xi)。

各家論述 : 1.《滇南本(ben)草》:敷大惡瘡。2.《本(ben)草蒙(meng)筌》:煎(jian)湯洗(xi)眼(yan)止淚(lei)。

摘錄 : 《中華本草(cao)》

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