拼音注音 : Tiān Shān Xuě Lián Huā

別名 : 雪蓮、雪荷花、雪蓮花

來源 : 藥材基源：為菊科植物(wu)大(da)苞雪蓮花(hua)的(de)帶花(hua)全株。拉丁植物(wu)動物(wu)礦物(wu)名：Saussurea inuolucrata Kar. Et Kir.采收(shou)和(he)儲藏：6-7月開花(hua)時采收(shou)，除去泥沙，晾(liang)干。

生境分布 : 生(sheng)態環(huan)境：生(sheng)于(yu)海拔3000m以上(shang)高(gao)山巖(yan)縫、礫石和沙質河灘(tan)中。資源分布：分布于(yu)甘(gan)肅、青海等地，以及新疆的天山、昆侖(lun)山的高(gao)山區。

原形態 : 大苞雪蓮花(hua) 多(duo)年生草本(ben)，高15-35cm。根粗(cu)壯，基部(bu)被有多(duo)數纖維(wei)狀(zhuang)棕(zong)褐色(se)(se)殘葉(xie)基。莖粗(cu)壯，直徑壯，直徑2-3cm，無毛(mao)。葉(xie)叢生，密集(ji)，無葉(xie)柄；葉(xie)片多(duo)為(wei)倒披針形(xing)(xing)、長(chang)(chang)圓形(xing)(xing)或卵狀(zhuang)長(chang)(chang)圓形(xing)(xing)，長(chang)(chang)達14cm，寬2-3.5cm，先(xian)端(duan)鈍或稍尖(jian)(jian)，基部(bu)下延，邊(bian)(bian)緣(yuan)尖(jian)(jian)齒(chi)，邊(bian)(bian)緣(yuan)有尖(jian)(jian)齒(chi)，兩面無毛(mao)，齒(chi)間有頭狀(zhuang)腺(xian)毛(mao)；最上部(bu)有13-17排成二層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)的(de)膜質苞葉(xie)，寬5-7cm，頂(ding)端(duan)漸尖(jian)(jian)，邊(bian)(bian)緣(yuan)尖(jian)(jian)齒(chi)，常超(chao)出花(hua)序的(de)2倍(bei)。頭狀(zhuang)花(hua)序，頂(ding)生，10-20個在莖端(duan)密集(ji)成球狀(zhuang)，無梗；總苞半球形(xing)(xing)，總苞片3-4層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)，披針形(xing)(xing)，先(xian)端(duan)尖(jian)(jian)，邊(bian)(bian)緣(yuan)或全(quan)(quan)部(bu)黑，被白(bai)以疏(shu)長(chang)(chang)毛(mao)；花(hua)冠紫(zi)色(se)(se)，長(chang)(chang)約14mm；花(hua)全(quan)(quan)為(wei)管(guan)狀(zhuang)，棕(zong)紫(zi)色(se)(se)。瘦果，長(chang)(chang)圓形(xing)(xing)，長(chang)(chang)約5mm，具肋，具2層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)冠毛(mao)，外層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)短，內(nei)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)長(chang)(chang)，冠毛(mao)污白(bai)色(se)(se)，外層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)糙(cao)毛(mao)狀(zhuang)，內(nei)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)羽毛(mao)狀(zhuang)。花(hua)期(qi)6-7月。

性狀 : 性狀(zhuang)鑒別(bie) 藥(yao)材多破碎。根棕褐色(se),木質(zhi)化(hua),外(wai)(wai)(wai)部(bu)栓皮(pi)常呈(cheng)(cheng)條狀(zhuang)剝落,折(zhe)斷面(mian)粗(cu)糙(cao),內(nei)部(bu)黃(huang)白(bai)(bai)色(se)。微(wei)苦,微(wei)芳(fang)香。根莖(jing)粗(cu)短(duan),頸(jing)部(bu)殘存有(you)眾(zhong)多葉基(ji)纖(xian)維(wei)。莖(jing)粗(cu)壯(zhuang),具(ju)縱肋(lei)棱,中空。葉多脫落,留有(you)殘基(ji),排列(lie)(lie)密(mi)集；完整葉展平后呈(cheng)(cheng)長(chang)(chang)卵形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)或(huo)披針形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),邊(bian)緣有(you)鋸齒(chi)和(he)緣毛(mao),黃(huang)綠(lv)色(se),近革質(zhi)。苞葉長(chang)(chang)卵形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)或(huo)卵形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),黃(huang)白(bai)(bai)色(se),膜(mo)質(zhi)。頭(tou)(tou)狀(zhuang)花序(xu)10-30個(ge)密(mi)集成球狀(zhuang),梗極短(duan)；總苞呈(cheng)(cheng)半球形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)；總苞片3-4列(lie)(lie),披針形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),外(wai)(wai)(wai)層多呈(cheng)(cheng)褐色(se),外(wai)(wai)(wai)表面(mian)被(bei)眾(zhong)多柔毛(mao),內(nei)層棕黃(huang)色(se)或(huo)黃(huang)白(bai)(bai)色(se),先端被(bei)柔毛(mao)；全部(bu)為(wei)(wei)管狀(zhuang)花,花冠(guan)紫(zi)紅(hong),花藥(yao)紫(zi)色(se),雌蕊柱(zhu)(zhu)頭(tou)(tou)2裂,略長(chang)(chang)于雄蕊。瘦果(guo)長(chang)(chang)卵形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),具(ju)縱肋(lei),灰白(bai)(bai)色(se)。味微(wei)苦,具(ju)特異香氣(qi)。顯微(wei)鑒別(bie)：苞葉橫切面(mian)：上表皮(pi)細(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)橢(tuo)圓(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)或(huo)類(lei)長(chang)(chang)方形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),排列(lie)(lie)整齊,外(wai)(wai)(wai)壁(bi)稍(shao)(shao)(shao)厚(hou)(hou),下(xia)表皮(pi)外(wai)(wai)(wai)壁(bi)亦(yi)稍(shao)(shao)(shao)增(zeng)厚(hou)(hou),并可見腺(xian)毛(mao)和(he)非(fei)腺(xian)毛(mao)的殘基(ji),葉肉細(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)2-6列(lie)(lie),細(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)狀(zhuang)不規則,主(zhu)脈明顯向下(xia)凸出(chu),上表面(mian)稍(shao)(shao)(shao)凹(ao),維(wei)管束雙韌(ren)型,3-5個(ge)。粉(fen)末特征：黃(huang)綠(lv)色(se)。①．氣(qi)孔(kong)(kong)不定式,長(chang)(chang)軸約42μm,短(duan)軸約32μm。②．非(fei)腺(xian)毛(mao)為(wei)(wei)多細(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao),基(ji)部(bu)細(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)短(duan)。③．腺(xian)毛(mao)頭(tou)(tou)部(bu)為(wei)(wei)多細(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)。④．花粉(fen)粒類(lei)圓(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),直(zhi)徑(jing)約45μm,外(wai)(wai)(wai)壁(bi)有(you)刺狀(zhuang)突起(qi),萌(meng)發孔(kong)(kong)3個(ge)。⑤．柱(zhu)(zhu)頭(tou)(tou)和(he)花柱(zhu)(zhu)碎片具(ju)絨(rong)毛(mao)狀(zhuang)或(huo)刺狀(zhuang)突起(qi)。⑥．導(dao)管有(you)環紋和(he)網紋,直(zhi)徑(jing)15-40μm。⑦．纖(xian)維(wei)成束,壁(bi)薄,胞(bao)(bao)腔大。⑧．冠(guan)毛(mao)碎片眾(zhong)多,形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)狀(zhuang)類(lei)似非(fei)腺(xian)毛(mao)。

化學成分 : 1．全草(cao)含(han)(han)具(ju)藥理活(huo)性(xing)的多糖(tang)(tang),平均分子(zi)量16000,系由葡萄糖(tang)(tang)(glucose),阿拉伯糖(tang)(tang)( arabinose),鼠李(li)糖(tang)(tang)(rhamnose)和半乳糖(tang)(tang)(galactose)按(an)摩爾(er)比 1：2.l：l.3：3.9所組成。還(huan)含(han)(han)倍半萜內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)酯(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)成分：愈(yu)創(chuang)木(mu)(mu)(mu)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)酯(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(guaianolide),愈(yu)創(chuang)木(mu)(mu)(mu)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)酯(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)-β-葡萄糖(tang)(tang)甙(dai)(guaianolide-β-glucoside),雪蓮(lian)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)酯(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(xuelian-lactone),大苞雪蓮(lian)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)酯(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(involucratolactone),大苞雪蓮(lian)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)酯(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)-8-β-D-葡萄糖(tang)(tang)甙(dai)(involucratolactone-8-β-D-glucoside),去(qu)(qu)(qu)氫(qing)(qing)木(mu)(mu)(mu)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)酯(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(dehydrocostuslactone),二(er)(er)(er)氫(qing)(qing)去(qu)(qu)(qu)氫(qing)(qing)木(mu)(mu)(mu)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)酯(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(dihydrodehy-drocostuslactone),8α-羥(qian)基(ji)(ji)(ji)-11βH-11,13-二(er)(er)(er)氫(qing)(qing)去(qu)(qu)(qu)氫(qing)(qing)木(mu)(mu)(mu)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)酯(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)( 8α-hydroxy-llβH-11,13-dihydrodehydrocostuslactone),3α-羥(qian)基(ji)(ji)(ji)-11βH-11,13-二(er)(er)(er)氫(qing)(qing)去(qu)(qu)(qu)氫(qing)(qing)木(mu)(mu)(mu)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)酯(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)-8-O-β-D-葡萄糖(tang)(tang)甙(dai)(3α-hydroxy-11βH-11,13-dihydrodehydrocostuslactone-8-O-β-D-glucoside),3α,8α-二(er)(er)(er)羥(qian)基(ji)(ji)(ji)-11βH-11,13-二(er)(er)(er)氫(qing)(qing)去(qu)(qu)(qu)氫(qing)(qing)木(mu)(mu)(mu)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)酯(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi) (3α,8α-dihydroxy-llβH-11,13-ihydrodehydrocostuslactone),llβH-11,13-二(er)(er)(er)氫(qing)(qing)去(qu)(qu)(qu)氫(qing)(qing)木(mu)(mu)(mu)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)酯(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)8-O-β-D-葡萄糖(tang)(tang)甙(dai)(11βH-11,13-dihydrodehydrocostu-slactone-8-O-β-D-glucoside),8α-丙酰氧(yang)基(ji)(ji)(ji)去(qu)(qu)(qu)氫(qing)(qing)木(mu)(mu)(mu)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)酯(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(8α-propionyloxy-dehydrocostuslactone),洋薊(ji)苦(ku)(ku)素(su)(cynaropicrin),11α,13-二(er)(er)(er)氫(qing)(qing)洋薊(ji)苦(ku)(ku)素(su)(1lα,13-dihydrocynaropicrin),1lα,13-二(er)(er)(er)氫(qing)(qing)去(qu)(qu)(qu)酰洋薊(ji)苦(ku)(ku)素(su)-(4-羥(qian)基(ji)(ji)(ji)巴豆(dou)(dou)酸酯(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi))[1lα,13-dihydrodesacylcynaropi-crin(4-hydroxytiglate)],伽(jia)氏(shi)矢(shi)(shi)(shi)車菊素(su)(janerin),19-去(qu)(qu)(qu)氧(yang)伽(jia)氏(shi)矢(shi)(shi)(shi)車菊素(su)(19-deoxyjanerin),去(qu)(qu)(qu)酰伽(jia)氏(shi)矢(shi)(shi)(shi)車菊素(su)(desacyljanerin),伽(jia)氏(shi)矢(shi)(shi)(shi)車菊素(su)-(4-羥(qian)基(ji)(ji)(ji)巴豆(dou)(dou)酸酯(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi))[janerin-(4-hydroxytiglate)],11α,13-二(er)(er)(er)氫(qing)(qing)伽(jia)氏(shi)矢(shi)(shi)(shi)車菊素(su)(1lα,13-dihydrojanerin),11α,13-二(er)(er)(er)氫(qing)(qing)去(qu)(qu)(qu)酰伽(jia)氏(shi)矢(shi)(shi)(shi)車菊素(su)-(4-羥(qian)基(ji)(ji)(ji)巴豆(dou)(dou)酸酯(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi))[11α,13-dihydrode-sacylianerin-(4-hydroxytiglate),11α,13-二(er)(er)(er)氫(qing)(qing)去(qu)(qu)(qu)酰洋薊(ji)苦(ku)(ku)素(su)(11α,13-dihydrodesacylcynaropi crin)。2．又含(han)(han)黃酮(tong)類成分：槲皮素(su)-3-O-α-L-鼠李(li)糖(tang)(tang)甙(dai)(quercetin-3-O-α-L-rhamnoside),槲皮素(su)(quercetin),4′,5,7-羥(qian)基(ji)(ji)(ji)-3′,6-二(er)(er)(er)甲(jia)氧(yang)基(ji)(ji)(ji)黃酮(tong)(jaceosidin),粗毛豚草(cao)素(su)(hispidulin),蕓香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)甙(dai)(rutin)。3．還(huan)含(han)(han)倍半萜內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)酯(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)生物堿：大苞雪蓮(lian)堿(involucratine),以及牛(niu)蒡甙(dai)元(arctigenin),德羅漢松脂酚(fen)(matairecinol),絡(luo)石甙(dai)元(trachelogenin),木(mu)(mu)(mu)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)酸(costie acid),丁(ding)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)甙(dai)(syringin),丁(ding)基(ji)(ji)(ji)-β-D-吡喃果糖(tang)(tang)甙(dai)(butyl-β-D-fructopyranoside)等(deng)。4．另含(han)(han)揮(hui)發油,內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)有：1-十(shi)五碳烯(xi)(xi)(1-pentadecene),4,4,7α-甲(jia)基(ji)(ji)(ji)-5,6,7,7α-四氫(qing)(qing)苯(ben)并(bing)呋喃-2-酮(tong)(4,4,7α-trimethyl-5,6,7,7α-tetrahydrobenzofuran-2-one),月桂(gui)酸乙(yi)酯(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(ethyl laurate),正(zheng)(zheng)十(shi)六烷(wan)(wan)(wan)(n-hexadecane),2,6-二(er)(er)(er)(叔丁(ding)基(ji)(ji)(ji))苯(ben)醌[2,6-di(tert-butyl)benzoquinone],十(shi)七碳三烯(xi)(xi)(heptadeca-triene],十(shi)三烷(wan)(wan)(wan)酸乙(yi)酯(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(ethy tridecanoate),1,6-二(er)(er)(er)甲(jia)基(ji)(ji)(ji)-4-異(yi)丙基(ji)(ji)(ji)萘(1,6-dimethyl-4-isopropylnaphthalene),1-十(shi)七碳烯(xi)(xi)(1-hep-tadecene),正(zheng)(zheng)十(shi)七烷(wan)(wan)(wan)(n-heptadecane),肉豆(dou)(dou)蔻酸乙(yi)酯(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(ethylmyris-tate),正(zheng)(zheng)十(shi)八烷(wan)(wan)(wan)(n-octadecane),6,10,14-三甲(jia)基(ji)(ji)(ji)-2-十(shi)五烷(wan)(wan)(wan)酮(tong)(6,10,14-trimethyl-2-pentadecanone),十(shi)五烷(wan)(wan)(wan)酸乙(yi)酯(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(ethylpentade-canoate),1-十(shi)七碳烯(xi)(xi)(l-heptadecene),正(zheng)(zheng)十(shi)九烷(wan)(wan)(wan)(n-nonadecane),棕(zong)櫚酸甲(jia)酯(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(methyl palmitate),二(er)(er)(er)氫(qing)(qing)去(qu)(qu)(qu)氫(qing)(qing)木(mu)(mu)(mu)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)烯(xi)(xi)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)酯(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(dihydrode-hydrocostunolide),鄰苯(ben)二(er)(er)(er)甲(jia)酸二(er)(er)(er)丁(ding)酯(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(dibutyl phthalate),棕(zong)櫚酸乙(yi)酯(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(ethylpalmitate),正(zheng)(zheng)二(er)(er)(er)十(shi)烷(wan)(wan)(wan)(n-eicosane)等(deng)成分。

藥理作用 : 1.抗癌(ai)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)：用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)體(ti)外培養[3H]TdR 摻入法,培養12、24、36和(he)(he)48小時(shi),觀察到(dao)天山雪(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)蓮(lian)黃(huang)(huang)酮類化合物(wu)(wu)4′,5,7-三(san)羥(qian)基(ji)(ji)(ji)3′,6-二甲(jia)氧基(ji)(ji)(ji)黃(huang)(huang)酮和(he)(he)粗毛豚草(cao)素,均(jun)可(ke)(ke)(ke)明(ming)顯(xian)抑制腹水型(xing)(xing)肝(gan)(gan)癌(ai)和(he)(he)肉瘤S180癌(ai)細(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)DNA合成(cheng)。二者(zhe)對(dui)(dui)腹水型(xing)(xing)肝(gan)(gan)癌(ai)細(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)DNA合成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)ID50為70.8μg/ml和(he)(he) 116μg/ml,高于(yu)對(dui)(dui)肉瘤S180的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)抑制。4′,5,7-三(san)羥(qian)基(ji)(ji)(ji)-3′,6-二甲(jia)氧基(ji)(ji)(ji)黃(huang)(huang)酮對(dui)(dui)癌(ai)細(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)DNA合成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)抑制機制可(ke)(ke)(ke)能是(shi)DNA模板損傷型(xing)(xing)。天山雪(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)蓮(lian)花(hua)生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)堿(jian)(jian)對(dui)(dui)L7712癌(ai)細(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)DNA合成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)ID50為5l.7g/ml。總(zong)生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)堿(jian)(jian)80g/ml對(dui)(dui)DNA、RNA和(he)(he)蛋白質(zhi)都有(you)顯(xian)著(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)抑制作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。24小時(shi)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)抑制率均(jun)在80%以(yi)上。對(dui)(dui)RNA合成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)抑制方式可(ke)(ke)(ke)能是(shi)模板損傷型(xing)(xing)。2.對(dui)(dui)心(xin)血(xue)(xue)管(guan)系統的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)：2．1．雪(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)蓮(lian)總(zong)堿(jian)(jian)和(he)(he)雪(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)蓮(lian)乙(yi)醇提出物(wu)(wu)均(jun)可(ke)(ke)(ke)降低家兔皮膚血(xue)(xue)管(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)通(tong)透性(xing),作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)較強(qiang)。2．2．雪(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)蓮(lian)總(zong)堿(jian)(jian)可(ke)(ke)(ke)使離(li)體(ti)兔耳(er)血(xue)(xue)管(guan)收(shou)縮(suo),乙(yi)醇提出物(wu)(wu)對(dui)(dui)血(xue)(xue)管(guan)呈現擴張作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。2．3．雪(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)蓮(lian)總(zong)堿(jian)(jian)和(he)(he)總(zong)黃(huang)(huang)酮均(jun)能降低麻(ma)醉家兔和(he)(he)麻(ma)醉犬的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)血(xue)(xue)壓。2．4．雪(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)蓮(lian)總(zong)堿(jian)(jian)對(dui)(dui)離(li)體(ti)兔心(xin)有(you)抑制作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong),可(ke)(ke)(ke)使其收(shou)縮(suo)幅度(du)變小,心(xin)率減慢,甚至停搏。2．5．雪(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)蓮(lian)總(zong)堿(jian)(jian)對(dui)(dui)家兔心(xin)電圖表(biao)現為心(xin)率減慢、T波(bo)變凸,可(ke)(ke)(ke)持(chi)續10分(fen)鐘。3.對(dui)(dui)平滑肌(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)：雪(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)蓮(lian)總(zong)堿(jian)(jian)對(dui)(dui)組胺、毛果蕓香堿(jian)(jian)和(he)(he)乙(yi)酰膽堿(jian)(jian)引(yin)起(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)離(li)體(ti)家兔平滑肌(ji)痙(jing)攣,有(you)顯(xian)著(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)解痙(jing)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)；雪(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)蓮(lian)總(zong)堿(jian)(jian)能部(bu)分(fen)地對(dui)(dui)抗組胺引(yin)起(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)離(li)體(ti)氣管(guan)環(huan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)收(shou)縮(suo)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。4.抗炎(yan)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)：5%雪(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)蓮(lian)總(zong)堿(jian)(jian)2ml/kg和(he)(he)雪(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)蓮(lian)乙(yi)醇提取物(wu)(wu)10g（生(sheng)藥(yao)）/kg腹腔注(zhu)射(she)均(jun)對(dui)(dui)蛋清液引(yin)起(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大鼠后踝關節(jie)急性(xing)炎(yan)癥有(you)顯(xian)著(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)對(dui)(dui)抗作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong),但以(yi)總(zong)堿(jian)(jian)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)最強(qiang),其作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)強(qiang)度(du)與(yu)水楊酸鈉相似。此外,總(zong)堿(jian)(jian)有(you)降低家兔血(xue)(xue)管(guan)通(tong)透性(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。5.抗自由基(ji)(ji)(ji)和(he)(he)抗疲勞作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)：從天山雪(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)蓮(lian)花(hua)中(zhong)首次提取多糖,用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)氮藍四唑比色法測得該多糖清除(chu)超氧陰離(li)子自由基(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)半清除(chu)濃度(du)為22.Oμg/ml,95%可(ke)(ke)(ke)信限為19.9-24.lμg/ml。多糖能明(ming)顯(xian)抑制小鼠肝(gan)(gan)勻漿硫代巴比妥酸反應物(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)產生(sheng),IC50為2.3mg/g鮮(xian)肝(gan)(gan)重,95%的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)可(ke)(ke)(ke)信限為2.05-2.55mg/g鮮(xian)肝(gan)(gan)重。多糖腹腔注(zhu)射(she)25mg/kg連(lian)(lian)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)5天可(ke)(ke)(ke)降低小鼠耗氧量34.4%,腹腔注(zhu)射(she)同樣(yang)劑量連(lian)(lian)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)6天使小鼠游泳時(shi)間延長1.69倍。

性味 : 味苦；辛；性(xing)熱；有毒(du)

注意 : 孕(yun)(yun)婦禁服。過(guo)量服用可(ke)致中毒。1.《新疆中草藥(yao)》："孕(yun)(yun)婦忌(ji)服。"2.《全國中草藥(yao)匯編》："孕(yun)(yun)婦忌(ji)服。本品(pin)有(you)毒,過(guo)量后可(ke)出現大汗淋漓。"3.《山(shan)東中醫雜志》1986,（5）：24："患者心律失常、血壓(ya)下降、唇舌肢體發麻、惡心嘔吐、腸嗚音亢進等提示雪蓮花對神(shen)經。心血管(guan)的毒性(xing)影響。"

功能主治 : 溫腎助陽；祛風勝濕(shi)(shi)；活(huo)血(xue)通(tong)經。主陽痿(wei)；腰膝軟弱；風濕(shi)(shi)痹痛(tong)；婦女月經不調(diao)；閉(bi)經；宮冷腹(fu)痛(tong)；寒飲咳嗽

用法用量 : 內服：煎湯，0.6-1.5g；或浸酒。

復方 : 雪蓮花(hua)品種(zhong)(zhong)較多,均因(yin)生于(yu)(yu)高山積雪之中,花(hua)序(xu)如(ru)荷花(hua)而得名。本種(zhong)(zhong)因(yin)主要分布于(yu)(yu)新疆(jiang)(jiang)天(tian)山等高山區,故稱(cheng)天(tian)山雪蓮花(hua)、新疆(jiang)(jiang)雪蓮花(hua)。

各家論述 : 1.《憶(yi)舊(jiu)游詩話》："雪(xue)(xue)蓮(lian)花(hua),千年不(bu)(bu)化元雪(xue)(xue)深(shen)處有之,形似(si)蓮(lian)花(hua),高可(ke)丈許。取以釀酒,倍增春色(se)。蓋陰極而陽生(sheng)之意耳(er)(er)。亦產巴里坤等處。"2.《西(xi)(xi)北域記》："雪(xue)(xue)蓮(lian)產積雪(xue)(xue)中(zhong),一莖(jing)并(bing)蒂(di),浸酒色(se)碧。性熱,人稱其(qi)功同(tong)仙茅、枸杞,而不(bu)(bu)知其(qi)禍乃同(tong)砒石、鴆(zhen)毛也。"3.《灤陽銷夏錄》："塞外有雪(xue)(xue)蓮(lian),生(sheng)崇山積雪(xue)(xue)中(zhong),狀(zhuang)如今之洋菊,名以蓮(lian)耳(er)(er)。其(qi)生(sheng)必(bi)雙,雄者(zhe)差大(da),雌者(zhe)小,然不(bu)(bu)并(bing)生(sheng),亦不(bu)(bu)同(tong)根,相去必(bi)一二丈,見其(qi)一,再覓其(qi)一,無(wu)不(bu)(bu)得(de)者(zhe)。"4.《綱(gang)目拾(shi)遺》："雪(xue)(xue)荷花(hua),產伊犁西(xi)(xi)北及金川等處大(da)寒(han)之地,積雪(xue)(xue)春夏不(bu)(bu)散,雪(xue)(xue)中(zhong)有草,類荷花(hua),獨莖(jing),亭(ting)亭(ting)雪(xue)(xue)間可(ke)愛。戊戌春,予于史太守(shou)處親(qin)見之,較荷花(hua)略細(xi),其(qi)瓣(ban)薄而狹(xia)長,可(ke)三(san)四寸,絕似(si)筆頭(tou)。云浸酒則色(se)微紅,彼處土人服之為助陽要藥。"

摘錄 : 《中華本草》

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