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升藥

中醫世家 2023-05-03 23:57:24

《全國中草藥匯編》:升藥

拼音注音 : Shēnɡ Yào

別名 : 紅升、黃(huang)升、紅粉(fen)

來源 : 學(xue)名(ming):粗制氧化汞。為(wei)(wei)(wei)水(shui)銀、白礬與火硝的加工(gong)品。加工(gong)后碗邊的紅色物質為(wei)(wei)(wei)“紅升”,碗中(zhong)央的黃(huang)色物質為(wei)(wei)(wei)“黃(huang)升”。

生境分布 : 各地均可加工,以江(jiang)蘇加工為主(zhu)。

化學成分 : 紅升(sheng)、黃升(sheng)主含氧化汞(gong),另含硝酸汞(gong),Hg(NO3)2等。

功能主治 : 拔(ba)毒排膿,除腐(fu)生新。外(wai)治疔(ding)瘡癰疽(ju),對(dui)口發背等癥。“九(jiu)一丹”為(wei)煅石(shi)膏4錢(qian),黃升藥(yao)1錢(qian),研(yan)為(wei)極細末,擦患處,治疔(ding)瘡潰破(po),拔(ba)疔(ding)根(gen),搜膿清熱生肌(ji)。西醫用黃色氧化汞和(he)凡士林制(zhi)成1%軟膏,用為(wei)眼藥(yao),為(wei)溫和(he)的防(fang)腐(fu)及刺激(ji)藥(yao),對(dui)表皮(pi)癬(xian)、肛門瘙(sao)癢(yang)也有效。

摘錄 : 《全國中草藥匯編》

《中藥大辭典》:升藥

拼音注音 : Shēnɡ Yào

別名 : 靈藥(《外科大成》),三白(bai)丹(《張(zhang)氏醫(yi)通》),三仙(xian)散(san)(《吳氏醫(yi)方匯(hui)編》),小升丹、三仙(xian)丹(《瘍醫(yi)大全》),升丹(《藥奩啟秘》)。

出處 : 《藥材資料匯編》

來源 : 為粗(cu)制氧化(hua)汞。

性狀 : ①紅(hong)升(《外科(ke)傳(chuan)薪集》)又(you)名(ming):三仙(xian)紅(hong)升丹(dan)(《集成良方三百種》),紅(hong)粉。為橙紅(hong)色(se)或(huo)橙黃(huang)色(se)塊(kuai)狀(zhuang)物或(huo)粉末。塊(kuai)狀(zhuang)者,厚約2毫米(mi),一(yi)面光(guang)滑,略有光(guang)澤(ze)(ze),一(yi)面較為粗糙,呈蜂(feng)窩狀(zhuang)。質重而(er)脆。氣無,露于日光(guang)下顏色(se)變深。以(yi)紅(hong)色(se)、片狀(zhuang)、有光(guang)澤(ze)(ze)者為佳。②黃(huang)升(《瘍科(ke)遺編(bian)》)又(you)名(ming):黃(huang)升丹(dan)(《瘍科(ke)遺編(bian)》)。為黃(huang)色(se)或(huo)橙黃(huang)色(se)的塊(kuai)狀(zhuang)物或(huo)粉末,余同紅(hong)升。以(yi)黃(huang)色(se)、片狀(zhuang),有光(guang)澤(ze)(ze)者為佳。上(shang)述藥材,各(ge)地均有制造,以(yi)河北、湖(hu)(hu)北、湖(hu)(hu)南(nan)、江蘇等地產量較大。

毒性 : 有毒。

炮制 : 研細粉入(ru)藥。

注意 : 本品有毒,腐蝕性較強,外用(yong)亦宜微(wei)量。

功能主治 : 搜(sou)膿(nong),拔毒(du),去腐,生肌(ji)。治(zhi)癰(yong)(yong)疽,疔瘡(chuang)(chuang),梅(mei)毒(du),下疳(gan),一切瘡(chuang)(chuang)瘍肉暗紫黑(hei),瘡(chuang)(chuang)口堅(jian)硬,久不收口。①《張氏醫(yi)(yi)通》:"治(zhi)霉(mei)瘡(chuang)(chuang)結毒(du)。"②《吳(wu)氏醫(yi)(yi)方匯編》:"治(zhi)一切陽癥腐爛太甚者。"③《沈氏經驗方》:"治(zhi)癰(yong)(yong)疽爛肉未清,膿(nong)水未凈。"④《癡醫(yi)(yi)大全》:"提膿(nong)長肉。"⑤《集成良方三百(bai)種(zhong)》:"治(zhi)癰(yong)(yong)疽疔毒(du)潰后。"

用法用量 : 外用:合他(ta)藥研末(mo),干撒(sa)、調敷或作藥拈。

復方 : ①治(zhi)一切癰疽并發(fa)背,爛腳(jiao)惡(e)瘡:煨(wei)石膏四兩,漂凈冬(dong)丹(dan)五錢(qian),上(shang)好黃升(sheng)丹(dan)二錢(qian)。共為細末,和(he)勻摻(chan)患處,即(ji)生肌長肉,且不(bu)藏毒(du)。(《瘍科遺編》九一丹(dan))②治(zhi)下疳(gan)腐爛:升(sheng)丹(dan)三分(fen),橄欖炭三分(fen),梅片一分(fen)。研(yan)極細末,麻油調敷,或干(gan)摻(chan)。(《藥奩啟秘》)

制法 : 原(yuan)料為(wei)水(shui)銀(yin)(yin)、硝石、白(bai)(bai)礬(fan)各(ge)二(er)(er)兩(liang)(liang)。先將(jiang)(jiang)硝石、白(bai)(bai)礬(fan)研(yan)細拌勻,置(zhi)鐵(tie)鍋(guo)中,用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)文(wen)火(huo)(huo)加熱(re)至(zhi)(zhi)完全(quan)熔化(hua),放冷(leng)(leng)(leng),使凝(ning)結(jie)。然后將(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)銀(yin)(yin)灑于(yu)(yu)表面,用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)瓷(ci)碗(wan)(wan)(wan)覆(fu)蓋(gai)鍋(guo)上(shang)(shang)(shang),碗(wan)(wan)(wan)與鍋(guo)交(jiao)接處用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)桑皮紙(zhi)條封(feng)(feng)(feng)固,四(si)周(zhou)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)黃(huang)(huang)泥密(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)至(zhi)(zhi)接近碗(wan)(wan)(wan)底(di),碗(wan)(wan)(wan)底(di)上(shang)(shang)(shang)放白(bai)(bai)米數粒。將(jiang)(jiang)鍋(guo)移(yi)置(zhi)火(huo)(huo)上(shang)(shang)(shang)加熱(re),先用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)文(wen)火(huo)(huo),后用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)武火(huo)(huo),至(zhi)(zhi)白(bai)(bai)米變(bian)成(cheng)黃(huang)(huang)色(se)(se)時,再用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)文(wen)火(huo)(huo)繼續煉至(zhi)(zhi)米變(bian)焦色(se)(se)。去火(huo)(huo),放冷(leng)(leng)(leng),除(chu)去泥沙,將(jiang)(jiang)碗(wan)(wan)(wan)取下(xia)。碗(wan)(wan)(wan)內(nei)(nei)周(zhou)圍的(de)(de)紅(hong)色(se)(se)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)華(hua)物(wu)為(wei)"紅(hong)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)";碗(wan)(wan)(wan)中央的(de)(de)黃(huang)(huang)色(se)(se)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)華(hua)物(wu)為(wei)"黃(huang)(huang)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)";鍋(guo)底(di)剩下(xia)的(de)(de)塊狀物(wu)即"升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)藥(yao)底(di)"。用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)刀鏟下(xia)后,宜(yi)密(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)避光貯(zhu)存。①《外科大(da)成(cheng)》:"倒(dao)打靈(ling)藥(yao)法:先將(jiang)(jiang)硝、礬(fan)、水(shui)銀(yin)(yin)共研(yan),以(yi)(yi)不見(jian)星為(wei)度,次(ci)(ci)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)泥固罐(guan)(guan)子,煨(wei)微熱(re),入藥(yao)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)角(jiao),文(wen)火(huo)(huo)燉(dun)化(hua),勿(wu)令起泡,至(zhi)(zhi)干,又(you)下(xia)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)角(jiao),少時,又(you)下(xia),至(zhi)(zhi)完,下(xia)食鹽少許(xu),慢(man)火(huo)(huo)煨(wei)互礬(fan)枯(ku)成(cheng)陀(tuo)為(wei)度,將(jiang)(jiang)罐(guan)(guan)倒(dao)合于(yu)(yu)平底(di)大(da)碗(wan)(wan)(wan)內(nei)(nei),以(yi)(yi)罐(guan)(guan)底(di)高碗(wan)(wan)(wan)沿二(er)(er)指為(wei)度,用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)紙(zhi)條封(feng)(feng)(feng)口(kou),次(ci)(ci)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)泥固二(er)(er)指許(xu),又(you)次(ci)(ci)以(yi)(yi)沙填滿,以(yi)(yi)碗(wan)(wan)(wan)口(kou)平為(wei)則,取碗(wan)(wan)(wan)坐于(yu)(yu)大(da)水(shui)盆內(nei)(nei),水(shui)與碗(wan)(wan)(wan)口(kou)平為(wei)則,次(ci)(ci)取紅(hong)炭砌罐(guan)(guan)底(di)四(si)圍及(ji)底(di)上(shang)(shang)(shang),煅(duan)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)香(xiang),去火(huo)(huo),冷(leng)(leng)(leng)定,取出罐(guan)(guan)四(si)旁及(ji)碗(wan)(wan)(wan)底(di)靈(ling)藥(yao),約有(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)錢五六分,聽用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。此(ci)法始(shi)終全(quan)在慢(man)火(huo)(huo),性燥有(you)悮(wu)。"②《張氏(shi)醫通》:"三(san)白(bai)(bai)丹:水(shui)銀(yin)(yin)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)兩(liang)(liang),白(bai)(bai)礬(fan)、焰硝各(ge)二(er)(er)兩(liang)(liang)。上(shang)(shang)(shang)三(san)味內(nei)(nei)鐵(tie)銚中,以(yi)(yi)厚磁碗(wan)(wan)(wan)合定,鹽泥固濟(ji),壓定碗(wan)(wan)(wan)足(zu),文(wen)火(huo)(huo)煅(duan)三(san)炷香(xiang),升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)在碗(wan)(wan)(wan)內(nei)(nei),取出放地一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)夕,以(yi)(yi)出火(huo)(huo)毒。磁罐(guan)(guan)收(shou)貯(zhu),經年后方可用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)之(zhi)。"③《瘍(yang)醫大(da)全(quan)》:"三(san)仙丹:水(shui)銀(yin)(yin)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)兩(liang)(liang),明礬(fan)、火(huo)(huo)硝各(ge)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)兩(liang)(liang)二(er)(er)錢。以(yi)(yi)鐵(tie)鍋(guo)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)只,將(jiang)(jiang)硝、礬(fan)、汞研(yan)細入鍋(guo)內(nei)(nei),用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)平口(kou)宮碗(wan)(wan)(wan)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)只(先用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)生姜(jiang)片擦碗(wan)(wan)(wan)內(nei)(nei)外,則不炸(zha))蓋(gai)定碗(wan)(wan)(wan)口(kou),以(yi)(yi)潮皮紙(zhi)拈擠定鹽泥封(feng)(feng)(feng)口(kou),碗(wan)(wan)(wan)底(di)俱泥固之(zhi)。用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)炭三(san)斤。爐內(nei)(nei)周(zhou)圍砌緊,勿(wu)令火(huo)(huo)氣出,如碗(wan)(wan)(wan)上(shang)(shang)(shang)泥裂縫,以(yi)(yi)鹽泥補之(zhi),升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)三(san)炷線香(xiang)為(wei)度,冷(leng)(leng)(leng)定開看,碗(wan)(wan)(wan)內(nei)(nei)藥(yao)括(kuo)下(xia),研(yan)細,磁瓶收(shou)貯(zhu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)之(zhi)。"

摘錄 : 《中藥大辭典(dian)》

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