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奴柘刺

中醫世家 2023-05-03 22:40:54

《中藥大辭典》:奴柘刺

拼音注音 : Nú Zhè Cì

出處 : 《本草拾遺》

來源 : 為桑種植(zhi)物小(xiao)柘樹的棘刺。

性味 : 《本草拾遺》:"味苦,小溫,無毒。"

功能主治 : 《本(ben)草拾遺(yi)》:"主老血瘕。男子痃癖、閃痞,取(qu)刺(ci)和山棱草、馬鞭草作(zuo)煎(jian)如稠糖,病在(zai)心,食后;在(zai)臍,空心服。當下惡物(wu)。"

用法用量 : 內服:煎(jian)湯,2~4錢(qian)。

摘錄 : 《中藥大(da)辭典》

《中華本草》:奴柘刺

拼音注音 : Nú Zhè Cì

別名 : 房著刺(ci)、勒路子(zi)

出處 : 出自《本草綱目(mu)拾(shi)遺》

來源 : 藥(yao)材基(ji)源:為(wei)桑科植物(wu)(wu)構棘(ji)棘(ji)刺。拉丁植物(wu)(wu)動物(wu)(wu)礦物(wu)(wu)名:l.構棘(ji)Maclura cochinchinensis(Lour)Corner[Vanieria cochinchinensis Lour.;Cudrania cochinchinensis(Lour.)Kudo et Masam.]u·) Kudo et Masam.」。2.柘(zhe)樹(shu) Maclura tricuspidata Carr.[Cudrania tricuspidata(Carr.)Bur.]采收(shou)(shou)和儲(chu)藏:全年(nian)均(jun)可采收(shou)(shou),鮮用呀曬干(gan)。

生境分布 : 生(sheng)態環境:1.生(sheng)于(yu)(yu)(yu)山坡。溪(xi)邊灌叢中或山谷、林緣(yuan)等(deng)處。2.生(sheng)于(yu)(yu)(yu)海拔200-1500m的陽光充足的荒坡、山地(di)(di)、林綠和溪(xi)旁。資源分(fen)布:1.分(fen)布于(yu)(yu)(yu)安徽、浙(zhe)江(jiang)(jiang)、江(jiang)(jiang)西(xi)(xi)、福建、湖北、湖南(nan)(nan)、廣(guang)東、海南(nan)(nan)、廣(guang)西(xi)(xi)、四川、貴(gui)州、云(yun)南(nan)(nan)等(deng)地(di)(di).2.分(fen)布于(yu)(yu)(yu)華東、中南(nan)(nan)、西(xi)(xi)南(nan)(nan)及河北、陜西(xi)(xi)、甘肅等(deng)地(di)(di)。

原形態 : 1.直(zhi)(zhi)立或(huo)(huo)攀(pan)援狀;根皮(pi)橙(cheng)黃色(se)(se)(se);枝灰褐(he)色(se)(se)(se),光(guang)滑,皮(pi)孔散生(sheng)(sheng),具(ju)直(zhi)(zhi)立或(huo)(huo)略(lve)彎的(de)棘(ji)刺,粗壯(zhuang),長(chang)5-10(-20)mm。單(dan)(dan)(dan)葉(xie)(xie)互生(sheng)(sheng);葉(xie)(xie)柄長(chang)5-10mm;葉(xie)(xie)片(pian)(pian)(pian)革(ge)質,倒卵(luan)(luan)狀橢(tuo)(tuo)圓(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)、橢(tuo)(tuo)圓(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)或(huo)(huo)長(chang)橢(tuo)(tuo)圓(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)3-9cm,寬(kuan)1-2.8cm,先端鈍或(huo)(huo)漸尖,或(huo)(huo)有(you)(you)微凹缺(que),基(ji)部(bu)楔形(xing)(xing)(xing),全緣,兩(liang)面(mian)(mian)無毛(mao);基(ji)出脈(mo)3條(tiao),側(ce)(ce)脈(mo)6-9對。花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)單(dan)(dan)(dan)性(xing),雌(ci)雄(xiong)異(yi)(yi)株;球(qiu)狀花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)序單(dan)(dan)(dan)個(ge)或(huo)(huo)成對腋生(sheng)(sheng),具(ju)短柄,被(bei)柔毛(mao);雄(xiong)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)序直(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)約(yue)6mm,雄(xiong)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)具(ju)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)被(bei)片(pian)(pian)(pian)3-5,楔形(xing)(xing)(xing),不相等,被(bei)毛(mao);雌(ci)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)序直(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)約(yue)1.8cm,雌(ci)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)具(ju)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)被(bei)片(pian)(pian)(pian)4,先端厚有(you)(you)絨毛(mao)。聚(ju)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)果(guo)(guo)球(qiu)形(xing)(xing)(xing),肉質,熟時橙(cheng)紅色(se)(se)(se),直(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)3-5cm,被(bei)毛(mao);瘦果(guo)(guo)包(bao)裹在(zai)(zai)肉質的(de)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)被(bei)和苞(bao)片(pian)(pian)(pian)中。花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)期(qi)4-5月(yue)(yue),果(guo)(guo)期(qi)9-10月(yue)(yue)。2.落葉(xie)(xie)灌(guan)木(mu)或(huo)(huo)小喬(qiao)木(mu),高達8m。小枝暗(an)綠褐(he)色(se)(se)(se),具(ju)堅硬(ying)棘(ji)刺,刺長(chang)5-35mm。單(dan)(dan)(dan)葉(xie)(xie)互生(sheng)(sheng);葉(xie)(xie)柄長(chang)0.5-2cm;托(tuo)葉(xie)(xie)側(ce)(ce)生(sheng)(sheng),分離;葉(xie)(xie)片(pian)(pian)(pian)近革(ge)質,卵(luan)(luan)圓(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)或(huo)(huo)倒卵(luan)(luan)形(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)5-13cm,先端鈍或(huo)(huo)漸尖,基(ji)部(bu)楔形(xing)(xing)(xing)或(huo)(huo)圓(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing),全緣或(huo)(huo)3裂(lie),上面(mian)(mian)暗(an)綠色(se)(se)(se),下(xia)面(mian)(mian)淡綠色(se)(se)(se),幼(you)時兩(liang)面(mian)(mian)均(jun)有(you)(you)毛(mao),成長(chang)后下(xia)面(mian)(mian)主(zhu)脈(mo)略(lve)有(you)(you)毛(mao),余均(jun)光(guang)滑無毛(mao);基(ji)出脈(mo)3條(tiao),側(ce)(ce)脈(mo)4-5對。花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)單(dan)(dan)(dan)性(xing),雌(ci)雄(xiong)異(yi)(yi)株;均(jun)為球(qiu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)頭狀花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)序,具(ju)短梗,單(dan)(dan)(dan)個(ge)或(huo)(huo)成對著生(sheng)(sheng)于(yu)葉(xie)(xie)腋;雄(xiong)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)被(bei)片(pian)(pian)(pian)4,長(chang)圓(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing),基(ji)部(bu)有(you)(you)苞(bao)片(pian)(pian)(pian)2或(huo)(huo)4,雄(xiong)蕊(rui)4,花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)絲直(zhi)(zhi)立;雌(ci)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)被(bei)片(pian)(pian)(pian)4,花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)柱1,線狀。聚(ju)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)果(guo)(guo)球(qiu)形(xing)(xing)(xing),肉質,直(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)約(yue)2.5cm,橘紅色(se)(se)(se)或(huo)(huo)橙(cheng)黃色(se)(se)(se),表面(mian)(mian)呈微皺縮,瘦果(guo)(guo)包(bao)裹在(zai)(zai)肉質的(de)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)被(bei)里。花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)期(qi)5-6月(yue)(yue),果(guo)(guo)期(qi)9-10月(yue)(yue)。

性狀 : 性狀鑒別 棘刺粗針狀,長5-10(-20)mm,直立或(huo)略(lve)彎。表面灰褐色,光(guang)滑(hua)。體輕質硬,略(lve)帶韌性,不易折斷(duan),斷(duan)面黃色。氣微,味淡。

化學成分 : 嫩枝(zhi)和葉含柘樹異黃酮(cudraisoflavone)A、3′-O-甲基香碗豆甙(dai)元(3′-O-methylorobol),去氫木香內酯(zhi)(dehy-drocostus lactone),亞油(you)酸甲酯(zhi)(methyl linoleate),β-谷甾(zai)醇(β-sitosterol)[1]。

性味 : 苦;性微(wei)溫

功能主治 : 化瘀消(xiao)積。主腹中積聚;痞塊

用法用量 : 內服:煎湯(tang),6-12g。

各家論述 : 《本草拾遺》:主老血瘕,男子(zi)痃(xuan)癖、閃痞,取刺(ci)和山棱草、馬鞭草作煎如稠(chou)糖(tang),病在(zai)心,食后;在(zai)臍,空心服。當下惡物。

摘錄 : 《中華本草》

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