拼音注音 : Māo Xū Cǎo
別名 : 腎茶(cha)、貓須公(gong)
來源 : 唇形科貓須草屬(shu)植物(wu)貓須草Clerodendranthus spicatus (Thunb.)C. Y. Wu[Clerodendron spicatus Thunb.; Orthosiphon aristatus (Blume)Miq.]以莖、葉入藥。全年可采,切碎曬干(gan)。
性味 : 甘(gan)、微苦,涼。
功能主治 : 清熱祛(qu)濕,排石(shi)利尿(niao)。用于急慢性腎(shen)炎,膀胱炎,尿(niao)路結(jie)石(shi),膽結(jie)石(shi)。
用法用量 : 1~2兩。
備注 : (1)海南貓須草Clerodendranthus rubicundus var. hainanensis [Orthosiphon rubicundus var. hainanensis Sun]與上種類似,亦同(tong)等入藥。
摘錄 : 《全國(guo)中草藥匯(hui)編》
拼音注音 : Māo Xū Cǎo
別名 : 貓須公、腎茶(cha)
出處 : 廣州部(bu)隊《常用中草藥手冊》
來源 : 為唇形(xing)科植物貓(mao)須(xu)草的(de)全草。全年可采(cai),切段,曬干。
生境分布 : 生于陽(yang)光充足的(de)曠地上,分布我國南(nan)部。多(duo)為栽(zai)培。
原形態 : 亞(ya)灌(guan)木,高0.5~1米(mi)。莖枝四(si)方形,紫褐色。葉對生(sheng);卵狀披針形,長3~12厘(li)(li)米(mi),寬1.5~5厘(li)(li)米(mi),邊緣在中(zhong)部以上有鋸齒(chi),兩(liang)面被(bei)毛,下面具腺點;葉柄長1~3厘(li)(li)米(mi)。花(hua)(hua)淡(dan)紫色,2~3朵一束對生(sheng),總狀花(hua)(hua)序式排列于枝頂;萼管(guan)狀,5齒(chi)裂(lie),結果時下傾(qing),上面裂(lie)齒(chi)大,膜質;花(hua)(hua)冠管(guan)纖弱,肢2唇形,上唇3~4裂(lie),下唇全(quan)緣;雄蕊4,2長2短,花(hua)(hua)絲伸出花(hua)(hua)冠之外(wai),形如貓須,長4~6厘(li)(li)米(mi);花(hua)(hua)盤前面腫脹:花(hua)(hua)柱頂端(duan)棒狀。小堅果球形,表面有網(wang)紋。花(hua)(hua)期(qi)夏、秋(qiu)。
化學成分 : 含(han)硫(liu)酸鈣(gai)、未(wei)知(zhi)有機酸的(de)鈣(gai)鹽和鉀鹽,揮(hui)發(fa)油(you)、皂(zao)甙、戊糖(tang),己(ji)糖(tang)、葡(pu)萄(tao)糖(tang)醛酸等(deng)。葉含(han)內(nei)消旋肌醇(chun)。
性味 : 甘淡微苦,涼(liang)。
功能主治 : 清熱(re)去(qu)濕(shi),排石利水(shui)。治急慢性腎(shen)炎(yan),膀胱炎(yan),尿路(lu)結石,風濕(shi)性關節(jie)炎(yan)。
用法用量 : 內服;煎湯(tang),1~2兩(鮮者3~4兩)。
摘錄 : 《中藥大辭典》
拼音注音 : Māo Xū Cǎo
別名 : 貓(mao)須(xu)公、腎茶
英文名 : Herb of Spicate Clerodendranthus
出處 : 出自廣州部(bu)隊《常用中草(cao)藥手冊》
來源 : 藥材基源(yuan):為(wei)(wei)唇形科植(zhi)(zhi)物腎茶(cha)的全草。拉(la)丁植(zhi)(zhi)物動物礦物名:Clerodendranthus spicatus (Thunb.) C. Y. Wu ex H.Wi [Clerodendron spicatus Thunb.]采(cai)收(shou)(shou)和(he)儲藏:在(zai)高溫高濕地(di)區,腎茶(cha)終年生長,尤以4-10月(yue)生長旺盛。一般每年可采(cai)收(shou)(shou)2-3次(ci)(ci),管理得好(hao),可收(shou)(shou)4次(ci)(ci),每次(ci)(ci)在(zai)現蕾(lei)開花(hua)前采(cai)收(shou)(shou)為(wei)(wei)佳,宜(yi)選晴天(tian),割下莖(jing)葉,曬至七成干后,于清晨捆(kun)扎成把(防止葉片脫落,再曝曬至全干即可)。一般每1hm2可收(shou)(shou)干的枝(zhi)葉1500-2250kg,鮮干比為(wei)(wei)5.6-6.5:5。
生境分布 : 生(sheng)(sheng)態環境:生(sheng)(sheng)于海拔700-1000m的林(lin)下潮濕處或草地(di)上,更(geng)多的為栽培。資源分(fen)(fen)布:分(fen)(fen)布于福建(jian)、臺(tai)灣、海南、廣西、云(yun)南西雙版納等地(di)。
原形態 : 多年(nian)生草本,高1-1.5m。莖(jing)直(zhi)(zhi)立,四(si)棱形(xing)(xing),被倒向短(duan)柔(rou)毛(mao)。葉(xie)對生;葉(xie)柄長(chang)(chang)0.4-3cm,被短(duan)柔(rou)毛(mao);葉(xie)片卵形(xing)(xing)、菱狀(zhuang)(zhuang)卵形(xing)(xing)或卵狀(zhuang)(zhuang)橢(tuo)圓(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)2-8.5cm,寬1-5cm,先(xian)端(duan)(duan)漸(jian)尖(jian)(jian)(jian),基部(bu)寬楔形(xing)(xing)或下延至葉(xie)柄,邊緣在基部(bu)以上具(ju)(ju)粗牙齒(chi)(chi)工疏圓(yuan)(yuan)齒(chi)(chi),齒(chi)(chi)端(duan)(duan)具(ju)(ju)小(xiao)突尖(jian)(jian)(jian),兩面(mian)被短(duan)柔(rou)毛(mao)及腺(xian)點(dian)。輪傘花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)序具(ju)(ju)6朵花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua),在主莖(jing)和側(ce)(ce)枝頂端(duan)(duan)組(zu)成間斷的總狀(zhuang)(zhuang)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)序,長(chang)(chang)8-12cm;苞(bao)片圓(yuan)(yuan)卵形(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)約3.5mm,先(xian)端(duan)(duan)柔(rou)尖(jian)(jian)(jian),下面(mian)密被短(duan)柔(rou)毛(mao),邊緣具(ju)(ju)緣毛(mao);花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)萼鐘形(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)5-6mm,外(wai)(wai)面(mian)被微柔(rou)毛(mao)及腺(xian)點(dian),花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)后增大,上唇(chun)大,圓(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing),下唇(chun)具(ju)(ju)4齒(chi)(chi),齒(chi)(chi)三(san)角(jiao)形(xing)(xing),先(xian)端(duan)(duan)具(ju)(ju)芒尖(jian)(jian)(jian),正中(zhong)2齒(chi)(chi)比(bi)側(ce)(ce)2齒(chi)(chi)長(chang)(chang)1倍,邊緣均具(ju)(ju)短(duan)緣毛(mao);花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)冠(guan)淺紫色(se)或白色(se),外(wai)(wai)面(mian)被微柔(rou)毛(mao),上唇(chun)具(ju)(ju)腺(xian)點(dian),花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)冠(guan)筒(tong)極(ji)(ji)狹,長(chang)(chang)9-19mm,直(zhi)(zhi)徑約1mm,上辰大,外(wai)(wai)反,3裂(lie)(lie),中(zhong)裂(lie)(lie)片較(jiao)大,先(xian)端(duan)(duan)微缺(que),下唇(chun)直(zhi)(zhi)伸,長(chang)(chang)圓(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing),微凹;雄蕊4,極(ji)(ji)度超出花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)冠(guan)筒(tong)外(wai)(wai)2-4cm,前對略(lve)長(chang)(chang),花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)藥小(xiao);子房(fang)4裂(lie)(lie),花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)柱(zhu)長(chang)(chang)長(chang)(chang)地伸出,柱(zhu)頭2淺裂(lie)(lie);花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)盤前方(fang)呈指狀(zhuang)(zhuang)膨(peng)大。小(xiao)堅果(guo)卵形(xing)(xing),深褐(he)色(se),具(ju)(ju)皺紋。花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)期(qi)(qi)5-11月,果(guo)期(qi)(qi)6-12月。
栽培 : 生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)學特(te)性 喜(xi)高(gao)(gao)溫(wen)多濕(shi)環(huan)境(jing)(jing),怕(pa)寒,怕(pa)旱,忌積水,耐肥。年(nian)平均氣溫(wen)18-24℃的(de)地區,生(sheng)(sheng)長正常(chang),平均氣溫(wen)25-30℃的(de)高(gao)(gao)溫(wen)多雨月(yue)份生(sheng)(sheng)長迅(xun)速旺(wang)盛(sheng),月(yue)平均氣溫(wen)17℃以下時(shi)生(sheng)(sheng)長停止,氣溫(wen)低(di)于4℃時(shi),葉紅(hong)、枯萎、死亡。宜選土(tu)層深厚、富含(han)有機質(zhi)的(de)砂壤(rang)(rang)或壤(rang)(rang)土(tu),且具有適當蔭蔽的(de)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)栽(zai)(zai)培(pei)為(wei)(wei)好(hao)。栽(zai)(zai)培(pei)技術 多用(yong)扦插繁(fan)殖(zhi)或分株(zhu)繁(fan)殘(can)。扦插繁(fan)殘(can):適宜的(de)扦插時(shi)間,北(bei)方7-8月(yue);南方四(si)季均可(ke),以3-4月(yue)份為(wei)(wei)好(hao)。插條長10cm,每截段(duan)保留2-3節,插穗宜隨剪隨插,行距15-20cm,株(zhu)距5-7cm,插后保持蔭蔽,濕(shi)潤,約2星(xing)期內生(sheng)(sheng)根,存活后15d左右(you)可(ke)移(yi)栽(zai)(zai),行株(zhu)距30cm左右(you)為(wei)(wei)宜。分株(zhu)繁(fan)殖(zhi):在(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)長旺(wang)季到(dao)來之前時(shi)行,分株(zhu)取(qu)苗(包(bao)括下垂觸(chu)地生(sheng)(sheng)根的(de)老枝)直(zhi)接移(yi)栽(zai)(zai)。田間管理(li) 移(yi)栽(zai)(zai)后注意保濕(shi),生(sheng)(sheng)長期適時(shi)除草、松土(tu)和追(zhui)肥,肥料以腐熟廄肥或人畜糞尿等有機肥為(wei)(wei)好(hao)。
性狀 : 性(xing)狀(zhuang)鑒別 全草長(chang)(chang)(chang)30-70cm或(huo)(huo)(huo)更長(chang)(chang)(chang)。莖(jing)(jing)(jing)枝(zhi)(zhi)呈(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)方柱(zhu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),節稍膨大;老莖(jing)(jing)(jing)表(biao)(biao)面灰棕色(se)(se)或(huo)(huo)(huo)灰褐(he)(he)色(se)(se),有(you)(you)縱(zong)皺紋(wen)或(huo)(huo)(huo)縱(zong)溝,斷面木(mu)(mu)質(zhi),周(zhou)圍黃(huang)白(bai)色(se)(se),中(zhong)央髓部(bu)(bu)白(bai)色(se)(se);嫩(nen)枝(zhi)(zhi)對(dui)生(sheng),紫(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)褐(he)(he)色(se)(se)或(huo)(huo)(huo)紫(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)紅色(se)(se),被短小(xiao)(xiao)柔(rou)毛(mao)。葉(xie)(xie)對(dui)生(sheng),皺縮,易破(po)(po)碎,完整(zheng)者展平后(hou)呈(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)卵(luan)(luan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)或(huo)(huo)(huo)卵(luan)(luan)狀(zhuang)披(pi)針形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)(chang)2-5cm,寬1-3cm,先端尖,基部(bu)(bu)楔(xie)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),中(zhong)部(bu)(bu)以(yi)下的(de)葉(xie)(xie)片(pian)(pian)邊朋鋸齒,葉(xie)(xie)脈紫(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)褐(he)(he)色(se)(se),兩(liang)面呈(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)黃(huang)綠(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)或(huo)(huo)(huo)暗綠(lv)(lv)色(se)(se),均(jun)有(you)(you)小(xiao)(xiao)柔(rou)毛(mao)。葉(xie)(xie)對(dui)生(sheng),皺縮,易破(po)(po)碎,完整(zheng)者展平后(hou)呈(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)卵(luan)(luan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)或(huo)(huo)(huo)卵(luan)(luan)狀(zhuang)披(pi)針形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)(chang)2-5cm,寬1-3cm,先端尖,基部(bu)(bu)楔(xie)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),中(zhong)部(bu)(bu)以(yi)上(shang)的(de)葉(xie)(xie)片(pian)(pian)邊緣有(you)(you)鋸齒,葉(xie)(xie)脈紫(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)褐(he)(he)色(se)(se),兩(liang)面呈(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)黃(huang)綠(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)或(huo)(huo)(huo)暗綠(lv)(lv)色(se)(se),均(jun)有(you)(you)小(xiao)(xiao)柔(rou)毛(mao);葉(xie)(xie)柄(bing)長(chang)(chang)(chang)約2cm。輪傘花(hua)序每輪有(you)(you)6花(hua),多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)已(yi)脫(tuo)落(luo)。氣(qi)(qi)微(wei),莖(jing)(jing)(jing)味淡(dan),葉(xie)(xie)味微(wei)苦。以(yi)莖(jing)(jing)(jing)枝(zhi)(zhi)幼嫩(nen)、色(se)(se)紫(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)紅、葉(xie)(xie)多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)者為佳。顯(xian)微(wei)鑒別 莖(jing)(jing)(jing)橫切面:芭四(si)棱形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),表(biao)(biao)皮(pi)(pi)細(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)1列(lie),被有(you)(you)多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)種類(lei)型毛(mao)茸。皮(pi)(pi)層薄(bo)壁(bi)(bi)細(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)5-10列(lie),于棱角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)處有(you)(you)厚(hou)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)細(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)3-6列(lie)。中(zhong)柱(zhu)鞘纖(xian)維(wei)(wei)木(mu)(mu)化(hua),3-10個(ge)一群(qun),斷續成環。韌皮(pi)(pi)部(bu)(bu)薄(bo)壁(bi)(bi)細(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)小(xiao)(xiao)而略皺縮。形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)成層明顯(xian)。木(mu)(mu)質(zhi)部(bu)(bu)導(dao)管單個(ge),少(shao)數2-3個(ge)相柔(rou),徑(jing)向散列(lie),木(mu)(mu)薄(bo)壁(bi)(bi)細(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)、木(mu)(mu)纖(xian)維(wei)(wei)均(jun)呈(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)方殂或(huo)(huo)(huo)多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),木(mu)(mu)射線寬1-2細(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)。骨部(bu)(bu)薄(bo)壁(bi)(bi)細(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)具(ju)壁(bi)(bi)孔(kong)(kong)。葉(xie)(xie)橫切面:上(shang)、下表(biao)(biao)皮(pi)(pi)均(jun)有(you)(you)毛(mao)茸,下表(biao)(biao)皮(pi)(pi)具(ju)氣(qi)(qi)孔(kong)(kong)。柵欄(lan)組織(zhi)細(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)1列(lie),海(hai)綿組織(zhi)細(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)4-6列(lie),排列(lie)疏松。主脈處表(biao)(biao)皮(pi)(pi)內(nei)側(ce)均(jun)有(you)(you)厚(hou)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)組織(zhi),維(wei)(wei)管束外(wai)韌型。粉末特(te)征:棕色(se)(se)。①莖(jing)(jing)(jing)的(de)韌皮(pi)(pi)纖(xian)維(wei)(wei)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)26-42μm,長(chang)(chang)(chang)100μm以(yi)上(shang),壁(bi)(bi)木(mu)(mu)化(hua),具(ju)壁(bi)(bi)孔(kong)(kong)。②木(mu)(mu)纖(xian)維(wei)(wei)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)31-46μm,長(chang)(chang)(chang)1000μm以(yi)上(shang),壁(bi)(bi)微(wei)木(mu)(mu)化(hua),具(ju)壁(bi)(bi)孔(kong)(kong)。③管胞(bao)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)30-80μm,長(chang)(chang)(chang)500-1000μm。④葉(xie)(xie)表(biao)(biao)皮(pi)(pi)細(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)垂周(zhou)壁(bi)(bi)稍彎曲,氣(qi)(qi)孔(kong)(kong)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)軸(zhou)式。⑤腺(xian)鱗頭部(bu)(bu)8細(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao),直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)82-96μm,柄(bing)單細(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)。⑥腺(xian)毛(mao)頭部(bu)(bu)單位細(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao),直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)41-63μm柄(bing)單細(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)。⑦單細(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)非腺(xian)毛(mao)基部(bu)(bu)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)31-38μm,長(chang)(chang)(chang)81-108μm;多(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)細(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)非腺(xian)毛(mao),2-5細(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao),基部(bu)(bu)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)62-80μm,壁(bi)(bi)厚(hou),具(ju)壁(bi)(bi)疣。⑧螺紋(wen)導(dao)管。此外(wai),有(you)(you)莖(jing)(jing)(jing)表(biao)(biao)皮(pi)(pi)細(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)長(chang)(chang)(chang)方形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)或(huo)(huo)(huo)類(lei)正方形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing);髓薄(bo)壁(bi)(bi)細(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)類(lei)圓(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),有(you)(you)紋(wen)孔(kong)(kong);油(you)滴(di)。
化學成分 : 全草(cao)含三(san)(san)萜(tie)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei),甾醇(chun)(chun)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei),黃(huang)(huang)酮(tong)(tong)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei),按發油及(ji)其他成分。三(san)(san)萜(tie)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei):α-香樹脂醇(chun)(chun)(α-amyrin)熊(xiong)果(guo)酸(ursolic acid)。甾醇(chun)(chun)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei):β-谷甾醇(chun)(chun)(β-sitosterol),胡(hu)蘿卜甙(daucos-terol)。黃(huang)(huang)酮(tong)(tong)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei):三(san)(san)裂鼠(shu)尾草(cao)素(su)(su)(salvigenin),6-甲(jia)(jia)氧(yang)基(ji)芫花素(su)(su)(6-methoxygenkwanin)[1],5,3′-二羥(qian)基(ji)-6,7,4′-三(san)(san)甲(jia)(jia)氧(yang)基(ji)黃(huang)(huang)酮(tong)(tong)(3′-hydroxy-5,6,7,4′-tetramethoxyflvone)[1,2],高(gao)山(shan)黃(huang)(huang)苓素(su)(su)四(si)甲(jia)(jia)醚(scutellarein tetramethylether)[3],異甜(tian)橙(cheng)素(su)(su)(isosinensetin),5-羥(qian)基(ji)-6,7,3′,4′-四(si)甲(jia)(jia)氧(yang)基(ji)黃(huang)(huang)酮(tong)(tong)醇(chun)(chun)(5-hydroxy-6,7,3′,4′-tetram-ethoxyflavonol),5,6,7,4′-四(si)甲(jia)(jia)氧(yang)基(ji)黃(huang)(huang)酮(tong)(tong)(5,6,7,4′-tetram-ethoxyflavone)[4]tffavone)[4]等。揮發油:檸檬(meng)烯(limonene),龍腦(borneol),廘(lu)香草(cao)酚(thymol)。此外還含酒(jiu)石酸(tartaric acid),葡(pu)(pu)萄(tao)糖(tang)(glucose),果(guo)糖(tang)(fructose),戊糖(tang)(pentose),葡(pu)(pu)萄(tao)糖(tang)醛(quan)酸(glucoronic acid),羥(qian)基(ji)乙酸(glycolic acid),皂甙(saponin)和無機(ji)鹽[2]等。
藥理作用 : 貓須草中(zhong)的橙黃酮、高山(shan)黃苓素(su)四甲醚在體(ti)外試驗中(zhong)對(dui)艾(ai)氏腹水癌細胞生(sheng)長有(you)(you)劑量依(yi)賴性抑制(zhi)作(zuo)用,IC50分別為(wei)(wei)30μg/ml、5μg/ml[1]。高山(shan)黃苓素(su)四甲醚在體(ti)外對(dui)鼻咽癌(KB)也有(you)(you)細胞毒作(zuo)用,ED50為(wei)(wei)27μg/ml,但體(ti)內(nei)試驗沒有(you)(you)抗癌活性[2]。
性味 : 味甘;淡;微苦;性(xing)涼
功能主治 : 清(qing)熱利(li)濕(shi);通(tong)淋排(pai)石(shi)。主急慢性腎炎(yan);膀胱炎(yan);尿路結石(shi);膽結石(shi);風濕(shi)性關節(jie)炎(yan)
用法用量 : 內服:煎湯,30-60g。
摘錄 : 《中(zhong)華本(ben)草》
本文(wen)地(di)址://n85e38t.cn/zhongyaocai/18910.html.
聲明: 我們(men)致力于(yu)保護作者版權(quan),注重分享,被刊用文(wen)章因無法核實真實出(chu)處(chu),未能(neng)及時(shi)(shi)與作者取得聯系(xi),或(huo)有版權(quan)異議(yi)的(de),請聯系(xi)管理員,我們(men)會立即(ji)處(chu)理,本站部(bu)分文(wen)字(zi)與圖片資(zi)源來自于(yu)網絡,轉載是出(chu)于(yu)傳(chuan)遞更(geng)多(duo)信息之目的(de),若有來源標注錯誤(wu)或(huo)侵犯(fan)了您(nin)的(de)合法權(quan)益,請立即(ji)通知我們(men)(管理員郵箱(xiang):),情(qing)況屬實,我們(men)會第一時(shi)(shi)間予以刪除,并同(tong)時(shi)(shi)向您(nin)表示歉意,謝(xie)謝(xie)!
上一篇: 貓腿姑(gu)
下一篇: 貓(mao)骨