拼音注音 : Méi Huā Bīnɡ Piàn

別名 : 龍腦(nao)、龍腦(nao)香、腦(nao)子、冰片(pian)、片(pian)腦(nao)、冰片(pian)腦(nao)、梅花(hua)腦(nao)、天(tian)然(ran)冰片(pian)、老梅片(pian)、梅片(pian)。

出處 : 梅花(hua)冰片(pian)(pian)初(chu)以(yi)龍腦(nao)香(xiang)(xiang)之(zhi)(zhi)名，載于唐《新修本草(cao)》，與龍腦(nao)膏香(xiang)(xiang)并(bing)作一條，稱"龍腦(nao)香(xiang)(xiang)及膏香(xiang)(xiang)"，云(yun)："出(chu)婆(po)律國(guo)""樹形似杉木""形似白(bai)松(song)脂。"并(bing)提(ti)出(chu)"明凈者(zhe)善"的(de)質量標準(zhun)。《本草(cao)圖經》亦云(yun)："入藥惟貴生(sheng)者(zhe)，狀若梅花(hua)瓣(ban)，甚佳也。"《綱目》記(ji)述其產地(di)和采取(qu)方法(fa)為："龍腦(nao)香(xiang)(xiang)，南番諸國(guo)皆有之(zhi)(zhi)。""土(tu)人解作板，板縫有腦(nao)出(chu)，乃劈取(qu)之(zhi)(zhi)，大者(zhe)成片(pian)(pian)如花(hua)瓣(ban)，清者(zhe)名腦(nao)油。"由此可知(zhi)梅花(hua)冰片(pian)(pian)即取(qu)自龍腦(nao)香(xiang)(xiang)樹的(de)天(tian)然結晶。

來源 : 藥材基源：為龍(long)腦(nao)香(xiang)科(ke)植物龍(long)腦(nao)香(xiang)樹(shu)的(de)樹(shu)脂(zhi)中析出的(de)天然結(jie)晶(jing)性(xing)化(hua)合物。拉丁植物動(dong)物礦物名：DryobalanopsaromaticaGwaertn.f.采(cai)(cai)收和儲藏：從龍(long)腦(nao)香(xiang)樹(shu)干(gan)的(de)裂(lie)縫處，采(cai)(cai)取(qu)干(gan)燥的(de)樹(shu)脂(zhi)，進(jin)行加工。或砍下樹(shu)干(gan)及樹(shu)枝，切成碎(sui)片，經水蒸氣蒸餾升(sheng)華，冷(leng)卻后即成結(jie)晶(jing)。

生境分布 : 生態環境：生于熱帶雨林地區。資源分布(bu)：分布(bu)于南(nan)洋群島。

原形態 : 龍腦(nao)(nao)香樹(shu) 常綠(lv)喬(qiao)木，高達5m。全株無毛。樹(shu)皮(pi)裂縫處帶有(you)溢(yi)出的龍腦(nao)(nao)結晶。葉互生(sheng)(sheng)，革質(zhi)；葉片卵狀(zhuang)(zhuang)橢圓形，先(xian)端(duan)急尖或漸尖，全緣，基部(bu)鈍圓或闊楔形，上面(mian)亮綠(lv)色(se)，背面(mian)灰(hui)綠(lv)色(se)，主脈(mo)明顯，側脈(mo)網(wang)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)。圓錐花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)序(xu)生(sheng)(sheng)于上部(bu)枝腋；花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)兩性；花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)托(tuo)肉質(zhi)微凹(ao)；花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)萼5，覆瓦狀(zhuang)(zhuang)排列，開花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)后(hou)繼續(xu)生(sheng)(sheng)長；花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)瓣5，白色(se)；雄蕊多(duo)數，離生(sheng)(sheng)，花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)藥線狀(zhuang)(zhuang)；雌蕊1，子房(fang)上位(wei)，3室，花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)柱絲狀(zhuang)(zhuang)。干(gan)果卵圓形，果皮(pi)革質(zhi)，花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)托(tuo)呈殼斗狀(zhuang)(zhuang)，邊緣有(you)5片翼狀(zhuang)(zhuang)宿(su)存(cun)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)萼；種子1-2顆，具胚乳(ru)。

性狀 : 性狀(zhuang)鑒別(bie) 玉白色(se)或灰白色(se)半透明結晶(jing)。呈多角形片狀(zhuang)或顆粒狀(zhuang)。質松脆，氣芳香，味辛、涼，嚼之則慢慢溶化。具揮發性，燃(ran)燒時(shi)無黑煙或微(wei)有黑煙。冰片商品除(chu)梅花冰片外(wai)，還有艾片（來(lai)源于菊科(ke)艾納(na)香）及機(ji)片。機(ji)片為人工化學合成品。

毒性 : 冰片(pian)的急性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)毒性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)實(shi)驗結果不盡一致(zhi)，小(xiao)鼠(shu)灌胃的LD50，l-龍(long)(long)(long)(long)腦(nao)(nao)(nao)(nao)(nao)(nao)、d-龍(long)(long)(long)(long)腦(nao)(nao)(nao)(nao)(nao)(nao)和(he)dl-異(yi)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)腦(nao)(nao)(nao)(nao)(nao)(nao)分別(bie)(bie)為3720mg/kg，4960mg/kg和(he)3830mg/kg；龍(long)(long)(long)(long)腦(nao)(nao)(nao)(nao)(nao)(nao)、異(yi)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)腦(nao)(nao)(nao)(nao)(nao)(nao)和(he)合成冰片(pian)分別(bie)(bie)為2879mg/kg，2269mg／kg和(he)2507mg/kg；也有(you)(you)報道龍(long)(long)(long)(long)腦(nao)(nao)(nao)(nao)(nao)(nao)為1059mg/kg。小(xiao)鼠(shu)腹腔注(zhu)射，冰片(pian)乳劑(ji)的LD50為907mg/kg。以125mg/kg和(he)500mg/kg慢性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)給藥，1-龍(long)(long)(long)(long)腦(nao)(nao)(nao)(nao)(nao)(nao)和(he)d-龍(long)(long)(long)(long)腦(nao)(nao)(nao)(nao)(nao)(nao)對(dui)外(wai)周血液指標和(he)器官重量有(you)(you)影響；dl-異(yi)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)腦(nao)(nao)(nao)(nao)(nao)(nao)引起肝損害。龍(long)(long)(long)(long)腦(nao)(nao)(nao)(nao)(nao)(nao)5g/kg（＝LD50)給大鼠(shu)灌胃使腦(nao)(nao)(nao)(nao)(nao)(nao)突(tu)觸體(ti)堿(jian)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)磷酸(suan)(suan)酶的米氏常數（Km）增加，表明對(dui)堿(jian)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)磷酸(suan)(suan)酶有(you)(you)競爭性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)抑制作用，可能(neng)與其神經(jing)毒性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)作用有(you)(you)關。

化學成分 : 冰(bing)片(pian)為右旋龍腦(nao)(borneol)。

藥理作用 : 1.對(dui)(dui)中(zhong)(zhong)樞神(shen)(shen)經系統的(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong) 龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)腦(nao)(nao)(nao)(nao)或異(yi)(yi)(yi)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)腦(nao)(nao)(nao)(nao)、合成冰片(pian)(pian)250mg/kg腹(fu)(fu)腔(qiang)(qiang)注(zhu)射(she)，對(dui)(dui)熱板法的(de)(de)實驗(yan)小(xiao)(xiao)鼠，能(neng)(neng)顯(xian)著(zhu)延(yan)長(chang)其(qi)舔足時(shi)間；200mg/kg腹(fu)(fu)腔(qiang)(qiang)注(zhu)射(she)顯(xian)著(zhu)延(yan)長(chang)戊巴(ba)比(bi)(bi)妥鈉所(suo)致小(xiao)(xiao)鼠睡眠時(shi)間。實驗(yan)表(biao)明有(you)(you)(you)明顯(xian)鎮(zhen)(zhen)痛(tong)和(he)(he)鎮(zhen)(zhen)靜作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，異(yi)(yi)(yi)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)腦(nao)(nao)(nao)(nao)的(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)比(bi)(bi)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)腦(nao)(nao)(nao)(nao)強。培養液中(zhong)(zhong)加冰片(pian)(pian)有(you)(you)(you)促進雪旺細(xi)胞（神(shen)(shen)經膠質細(xi)胞）生(sheng)長(chang)和(he)(he)分(fen)(fen)裂的(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，其(qi)最佳濃度為40mg/100ml。2.抗(kang)(kang)(kang)炎作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong) 5％龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)腦(nao)(nao)(nao)(nao)或異(yi)(yi)(yi)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)腦(nao)(nao)(nao)(nao)乳劑(ji)(ji)(ji)涂耳對(dui)(dui)2％巴(ba)豆(dou)油合劑(ji)(ji)(ji)涂耳所(suo)致小(xiao)(xiao)鼠炎癥(zheng)反應有(you)(you)(you)抑(yi)(yi)制(zhi)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)異(yi)(yi)(yi)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)腦(nao)(nao)(nao)(nao)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)顯(xian)著(zhu)。5％龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)腦(nao)(nao)(nao)(nao)或異(yi)(yi)(yi)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)腦(nao)(nao)(nao)(nao)乳劑(ji)(ji)(ji)3.5ml／kg腹(fu)(fu)腔(qiang)(qiang)注(zhu)射(she)對(dui)(dui)大(da)鼠蛋清(qing)性足跖(zhi)腫脹均有(you)(you)(you)顯(xian)著(zhu)抑(yi)(yi)制(zhi)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)異(yi)(yi)(yi)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)腦(nao)(nao)(nao)(nao)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)較(jiao)(jiao)強。異(yi)(yi)(yi)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)腦(nao)(nao)(nao)(nao)抗(kang)(kang)(kang)炎作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)比(bi)(bi)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)腦(nao)(nao)(nao)(nao)強，可能(neng)(neng)因異(yi)(yi)(yi)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)腦(nao)(nao)(nao)(nao)脂(zhi)溶性較(jiao)(jiao)高。3.抗(kang)(kang)(kang)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong) 龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)腦(nao)(nao)(nao)(nao)、異(yi)(yi)(yi)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)腦(nao)(nao)(nao)(nao)和(he)(he)人工合成冰片(pian)(pian)對(dui)(dui)金黃(huang)色葡(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)萄球(qiu)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)、乙(yi)型(xing)溶血性鏈球(qiu)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)、草綠色鏈球(qiu)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)、肺炎鏈球(qiu)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)和(he)(he)大(da)腸(chang)桿菌(jun)(jun)(jun)等，在(zai)試管內均有(you)(you)(you)明顯(xian)抗(kang)(kang)(kang)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，三(san)者(zhe)的(de)(de)抗(kang)(kang)(kang)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)相(xiang)似(si)，低濃度抑(yi)(yi)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)，高濃度殺菌(jun)(jun)(jun)。梅片(pian)(pian)對(dui)(dui)豬(zhu)霍亂弧(hu)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)也(ye)有(you)(you)(you)抑(yi)(yi)制(zhi)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。4.抗(kang)(kang)(kang)生(sheng)育(yu)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong) 給(gei)(gei)妊娠早(zao)期(qi)(qi)（7-9日(ri)）、中(zhong)(zhong)期(qi)(qi)（10-14日(ri)）和(he)(he)晚期(qi)(qi)（16-18日(ri)）小(xiao)(xiao)鼠腹(fu)(fu)腔(qiang)(qiang)注(zhu)射(she)1/4，1/8和(he)(he)1/16 LD50的(de)(de)冰片(pian)(pian)乳劑(ji)(ji)(ji)1次，對(dui)(dui)妊娠早(zao)期(qi)(qi)無明顯(xian)引產作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，對(dui)(dui)妊娠中(zhong)(zhong)期(qi)(qi)和(he)(he)晚期(qi)(qi)有(you)(you)(you)顯(xian)著(zhu)引產作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。5.與其(qi)他(ta)藥物的(de)(de)相(xiang)互作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong) 葡(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)萄糖、葡(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)萄糖醛(quan)酸(suan)內酯、葡(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)萄糖醛(quan)酸(suan)鈉和(he)(he)抗(kang)(kang)(kang)壞血酸(suan)能(neng)(neng)拮(jie)抗(kang)(kang)(kang)腹(fu)(fu)腔(qiang)(qiang)注(zhu)射(she)2g/kg龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)腦(nao)(nao)(nao)(nao)對(dui)(dui)大(da)鼠的(de)(de)致死作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，葡(pu)(pu)(pu)(pu)萄糖醛(quan)酸(suan)在(zai)尿中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)排出量也(ye)有(you)(you)(you)所(suo)增(zeng)加。給(gei)(gei)大(da)鼠先灌胃冰片(pian)(pian)5mg/kg，能(neng)(neng)明顯(xian)提高四(si)甲基吡嗪（川芎(xiong)的(de)(de)主要有(you)(you)(you)效成分(fen)(fen)）的(de)(de)血藥濃度，增(zeng)加曲線下面積，可能(neng)(neng)與冰片(pian)(pian)促進四(si)甲基吡嗪的(de)(de)胃腸(chang)道吸收(shou)(shou)或減少后者(zhe)的(de)(de)體內分(fen)(fen)布有(you)(you)(you)關。冰片(pian)(pian)（BO）和(he)(he)水楊酸(suan)（SA）的(de)(de)低共熔物（BO·SA）的(de)(de)大(da)白鼠離(li)體皮膚透(tou)過(guo)實驗(yan)表(biao)明，BO-SA的(de)(de)透(tou)過(guo)速度比(bi)(bi)單純混(hun)合物和(he)(he)單一BO分(fen)(fen)別大(da)3.5倍和(he)(he)8.5倍。6.其(qi)他(ta)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong) 龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)腦(nao)(nao)(nao)(nao)和(he)(he)異(yi)(yi)(yi)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)腦(nao)(nao)(nao)(nao)200mg/kg腹(fu)(fu)腔(qiang)(qiang)注(zhu)射(she)能(neng)(neng)明顯(xian)延(yan)長(chang)常壓缺氧小(xiao)(xiao)鼠存(cun)活時(shi)間，異(yi)(yi)(yi)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)腦(nao)(nao)(nao)(nao)的(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)較(jiao)(jiao)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)腦(nao)(nao)(nao)(nao)強。龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)腦(nao)(nao)(nao)(nao)能(neng)(neng)部分(fen)(fen)拮(jie)抗(kang)(kang)(kang)乙(yi)酰膽堿(jian)所(suo)致大(da)鼠十二指(zhi)腸(chang)的(de)(de)收(shou)(shou)縮(suo)。局部應用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，冰片(pian)(pian)對(dui)(dui)感覺(jue)神(shen)(shen)經有(you)(you)(you)輕(qing)微(wei)刺激(ji)及某(mou)些(xie)止痛(tong)和(he)(he)防腐(fu)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。

炮制 : 《圣惠方》："細(xi)研(yan)。"《本草述鉤元》："輕(qing)輕(qing)捶研(yan)。"現行，取原藥材(cai)，除(chu)去雜質(zhi)。用時(shi)研(yan)成粉。飲片性狀：參(can)見"藥材(cai)鑒別"項。

歸經 : 心；肺(fei)經(jing)

性味 : 辛；苦；涼

注意 : 孕(yun)婦(fu)及氣血(xue)虛(xu)者均應(ying)慎服。1.《補遺藥性(xing)賦》："若服餌過(guo)多(duo)至兩(liang)許，則身冷如醉，氣絕(jue)而非(fei)中(zhong)毒(du)，蓋(gai)性(xing)寒故也(ye)。"2.《本(ben)(ben)草(cao)經(jing)疏(shu)》："凡中(zhong)風非(fei)外來之(zhi)風邪，乃因(yin)氣血(xue)虛(xu)而病者忌之(zhi)。小(xiao)兒吐瀉后成驚(jing)(jing)者為(wei)慢(man)脾風，切不可(ke)服。急(ji)驚(jing)(jing)屬實(shi)熱可(ke)用(yong)；慢(man)驚(jing)(jing)屬虛(xu)寒不可(ke)用(yong)。眼目(mu)(mu)昏暗屬肝腎虛(xu)者不宜入點藥。"3.《本(ben)(ben)草(cao)求原(yuan)》："目(mu)(mu)病風病陰(yin)虛(xu)者忌之(zhi)。"4.《萃金裘(qiu)本(ben)(ben)草(cao)述錄》："孕(yun)婦(fu)禁用(yong)。"

功能主治 : 開竅醒神；散熱止痛；明目(mu)去翳。主中(zhong)風口(kou)噤；熱病神昏；驚癇(xian)痰迷；氣(qi)閉耳聾(long)；目(mu)赤翳膜；喉痹；口(kou)瘡(chuang)；癰(yong)腫；痔(zhi)瘡(chuang)；蟯蟲病

用法用量 : 內服：入丸、散，0.15-0.3g，不(bu)入煎劑。外(wai)用：適量，研末(mo)撒，或吹、搽，或點(dian)，或調(diao)敷(fu)。

復方 : 《綱目》:“龍腦者，因其(qi)狀加貴重之稱也。以(yi)白(bai)瑩如冰，及作梅花片者為(wei)良(liang)，故俗呼為(wei)冰片腦，或云(yun)梅花腦。”

臨床應用 : 1.冰(bing)(bing)硼(peng)(peng)(peng)散(san)(san) 冰(bing)(bing)片(pian)(pian)50g，硼(peng)(peng)(peng)砂（炒(chao)）500g，朱(zhu)砂60g，玄明(ming)粉(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)500g。以上四(si)味(wei)(wei)(wei)，朱(zhu)砂水(shui)(shui)壓或粉(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)碎(sui)成極細(xi)(xi)粉(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)，硼(peng)(peng)(peng)砂粉(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)碎(sui)成細(xi)(xi)粉(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)；將(jiang)冰(bing)(bing)片(pian)(pian)研細(xi)(xi)，與上述粉(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)末(mo)(mo)及玄明(ming)粉(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)配料，過(guo)(guo)(guo)篩(shai)(shai)，混(hun)(hun)(hun)勻(yun)，即(ji)得。本(ben)品(pin)為粉(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)紅色(se)的粉(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)末(mo)(mo)，氣芳香(xiang)，味(wei)(wei)(wei)辛涼(liang)。按《中(zhong)華(hua)人(ren)民(min)共(gong)和(he)國藥(yao)典》冰(bing)(bing)硼(peng)(peng)(peng)散(san)(san)含量(liang)(liang)(liang)測定項(xiang)下(xia)(xia)規定，取(qu)本(ben)品(pin)少(shao)許加(jia)乙(yi)(yi)醚振(zhen)搖，濾(lv)(lv)過(guo)(guo)(guo)，濾(lv)(lv)液(ye)放(fang)置俟乙(yi)(yi)醚揮發后(hou)，加(jia)新制的1％香(xiang)草(cao)醛硫酸(suan)溶液(ye)，顯(xian)(xian)紫色(se)。本(ben)品(pin)以無(wu)水(shui)(shui)乙(yi)(yi)醚提(ti)取(qu)、分離，重量(liang)(liang)(liang)法測定，冰(bing)(bing)片(pian)(pian)含量(liang)(liang)(liang)應(ying)不得少(shao)于(yu)3.5％。功(gong)能清熱解毒(du)，消腫(zhong)止(zhi)痛(tong)(tong)(tong)。用(yong)(yong)于(yu)咽(yan)(yan)喉疼痛(tong)(tong)(tong)，牙齦腫(zhong)痛(tong)(tong)(tong)，口舌生(sheng)瘡。吹敷患(huan)處，每次少(shao)量(liang)(liang)(liang)，每日數次。（《中(zhong)華(hua)人(ren)民(min)共(gong)和(he)國藥(yao)典》一部1990年(nian)(nian)）2.喉康散(san)(san) 冰(bing)(bing)片(pian)(pian)37.5g，玄明(ming)粉(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)250g,青黛125g,珍珠層粉(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)87.5g，薄(bo)荷腦(nao)62.5g，穿心(xin)蓮(lian)葉(xie)62.5g，人(ren)參62.5g，天花粉(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)250g，甘(gan)草(cao)62.5g，硼(peng)(peng)(peng)砂200g。以上十味(wei)(wei)(wei)，玄明(ming)粉(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)、天花粉(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)、青黛、穿心(xin)蓮(lian)葉(xie)、甘(gan)草(cao)、人(ren)參、珍珠層粉(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)、硼(peng)(peng)(peng)砂等(deng)(deng)八味(wei)(wei)(wei)，干燥，研磨(mo)過(guo)(guo)(guo)篩(shai)(shai)；冰(bing)(bing)片(pian)(pian)、薄(bo)荷腦(nao)混(hun)(hun)(hun)和(he)后(hou)研磨(mo)，與已混(hun)(hun)(hun)和(he)的上述粉(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)末(mo)(mo)混(hun)(hun)(hun)勻(yun)，過(guo)(guo)(guo)篩(shai)(shai)，即(ji)得。本(ben)品(pin)為藍灰色(se)粉(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)末(mo)(mo)，有芳香(xiang)氣味(wei)(wei)(wei)，味(wei)(wei)(wei)微(wei)苦。取(qu)本(ben)品(pin)，置顯(xian)(xian)微(wei)鏡(jing)下(xia)(xia)觀察：可見草(cao)酸(suan)鈣(gai)簇晶，淀粉(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)粒(li)單粒(li)呈(cheng)球形，臍點多為人(ren)字(zi)狀(zhuang)，偶見短縫狀(zhuang)，取(qu)本(ben)品(pin)加(jia)水(shui)(shui)，振(zhen)搖，濾(lv)(lv)過(guo)(guo)(guo)，取(qu)濾(lv)(lv)液(ye)加(jia)氯化鋇試液(ye)，即(ji)發生(sheng)白色(se)沉淀，沉淀在鹽酸(suan)或硝酸(suan)中(zhong)均(jun)不溶解；另取(qu)本(ben)品(pin)乙(yi)(yi)醇液(ye)，加(jia)適量(liang)(liang)(liang)活性炭，攪拌，濾(lv)(lv)過(guo)(guo)(guo)，濾(lv)(lv)液(ye)加(jia)二硝基苯甲酸(suan)試液(ye)，顯(xian)(xian)紫紅色(se)。功(gong)能清熱解毒(du)，消炎止(zhi)痛(tong)(tong)(tong)。用(yong)(yong)于(yu)各種咽(yan)(yan)喉疾患(huan)，如(ru)急(ji)、慢(man)性咽(yan)(yan)炎，喉炎，扁桃體炎，口腔潰瘍等(deng)(deng)。噴射給藥(yao)，咽(yan)(yan)喉疾患(huan)噴咽(yan)(yan)喉部，口腔潰瘍噴患(huan)處，每日2-3次，每次適量(liang)(liang)(liang)。（《廣東省藥(yao)品(pin)標準》1987年(nian)(nian)）3.消炎膏 冰(bing)(bing)片(pian)(pian)1000g，紅粉(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)300g，生(sheng)石膏1000g，輕(qing)(qing)粉(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)300g，樟丹1000g。將(jiang)紅粉(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)和(he)輕(qing)(qing)粉(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)過(guo)(guo)(guo)140目篩(shai)(shai)；樟丹、生(sheng)石膏過(guo)(guo)(guo)120目篩(shai)(shai)；冰(bing)(bing)片(pian)(pian)過(guo)(guo)(guo)80目篩(shai)(shai)，混(hun)(hun)(hun)和(he)均(jun)勻(yun)；取(qu)凡士(shi)林11000g加(jia)熱熔(rong)化、過(guo)(guo)(guo)濾(lv)(lv)；待冷至(zhi)60-70℃時(shi)摻入(ru)藥(yao)物細(xi)(xi)粉(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)，攪勻(yun)，即(ji)得。功(gong)能消炎止(zhi)痛(tong)(tong)(tong)，去腐(fu)生(sheng)肌。用(yong)(yong)于(yu)癰疽惡(e)瘡，黃(huang)水(shui)(shui)瘡，凍瘡，乳瘡，腳癬。涂于(yu)患(huan)處。（《吉林醫(yi)院制劑規范(fan)》1984年(nian)(nian)）4.冰(bing)(bing)膽(dan)滴(di)(di)眼劑 冰(bing)(bing)片(pian)(pian)1g,新鮮豬膽(dan)汁50ml。將(jiang)冰(bing)(bing)片(pian)(pian)研末(mo)(mo)，入(ru)豬膽(dan)汁內溶解濾(lv)(lv)過(guo)(guo)(guo),裝入(ru)清潔瓶中(zhong)高壓消毒(du)滅菌即(ji)成2％冰(bing)(bing)膽(dan)滴(di)(di)眼劑。本(ben)品(pin)用(yong)(yong)于(yu)細(xi)(xi)菌性角膜潰瘍。使用(yong)(yong)時(shi)用(yong)(yong)消毒(du)滴(di)(di)管吸藥(yao)滴(di)(di)眼,每次1-2滴(di)(di)，每日4-6次。［《中(zhong)西醫(yi)結合(he)雜志》1987，（7）：402］

各家論述 : 1.《西陽(yang)雜俎》："龍(long)(long)腦香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)樹(shu)(shu)，出(chu)(chu)(chu)婆(po)(po)利國(guo)，呼為(wei)個(ge)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)婆(po)(po)律(lv)(lv)。亦出(chu)(chu)(chu)波斯國(guo)，樹(shu)(shu)高(gao)八(ba)丈，大(da)(da)(da)(da)可六(liu)七(qi)圍。葉(xie)圓(yuan)而(er)背(bei)白(bai)，無(wu)花實(shi)(shi)(shi)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)樹(shu)(shu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)肥有(you)(you)(you)(you)瘦，瘦者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)出(chu)(chu)(chu)龍(long)(long)腦香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)，肥者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)出(chu)(chu)(chu)婆(po)(po)律(lv)(lv)膏(gao)(gao)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)在(zai)木(mu)心(xin)(xin)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。波斯斷其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)樹(shu)(shu)，剪(jian)取之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)青于樹(shu)(shu)端(duan)流(liu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)，斫樹(shu)(shu)作坎(kan)而(er)承之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。入(ru)(ru)藥用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，有(you)(you)(you)(you)別法。"2.《新修本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)草(cao)(cao)(cao)》："樹(shu)(shu)形(xing)似(si)杉木(mu)，言(yan)婆(po)(po)律(lv)(lv)膏(gao)(gao)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)樹(shu)(shu)根(gen)(gen)下(xia)清脂(zhi)，龍(long)(long)腦是(shi)(shi)(shi)根(gen)(gen)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)干脂(zhi)，子(zi)似(si)豆(dou)(dou)蔻,皮有(you)(you)(you)(you)錯(cuo)(cuo)甲，香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)似(si)龍(long)(long)腦，味辛(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)，尤(you)下(xia)惡(e)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，消食散(san)(san)(san)脹滿(man)，香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)人口，舊云(yun)(yun)出(chu)(chu)(chu)婆(po)(po)律(lv)(lv)國(guo)，藥以(yi)國(guo)為(wei)名，即杉脂(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。江(jiang)南(nan)有(you)(you)(you)(you)杉木(mu)未經(jing)試(shi)。或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)方土無(wu)脂(zhi)，猶甘蕉無(wu)實(shi)(shi)(shi)。"3.《本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)草(cao)(cao)(cao)圖經(jing)》："龍(long)(long)腦香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)出(chu)(chu)(chu)婆(po)(po)律(lv)(lv)國(guo)，今惟南(nan)海(hai)番舶賈(jia)客(ke)貨之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。相傳云(yun)(yun)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)木(mu)高(gao)七(qi)八(ba)丈，大(da)(da)(da)(da)可六(liu)七(qi)圍，如(ru)積年杉木(mu)狀，傍生(sheng)枝(zhi)葉(xie)，正(zheng)圓(yuan)而(er)背(bei)白(bai)，結實(shi)(shi)(shi)如(ru)豆(dou)(dou)蔻，皮有(you)(you)(you)(you)甲錯(cuo)(cuo)。香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)即木(mu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)脂(zhi)，似(si)白(bai)松脂(zhi)，作杉木(mu)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)；膏(gao)(gao)乃根(gen)(gen)下(xia)清液耳，亦謂(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)婆(po)(po)律(lv)(lv)膏(gao)(gao)......亦云(yun)(yun)南(nan)海(hai)山中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)亦有(you)(you)(you)(you)此(ci)木(mu)。唐天寶中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，交趾貢龍(long)(long)腦，皆如(ru)蟬蠶之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)形(xing)，彼人云(yun)(yun)老根(gen)(gen)節(jie)方有(you)(you)(you)(you)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，然(ran)極難(nan)得。時(shi)禁中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)呼為(wei)瑞龍(long)(long)腦，帶之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)衣紟，香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)聞十余(yu)步外(wai)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)后不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)聞有(you)(you)(you)(you)此(ci)。今海(hai)南(nan)龍(long)(long)腦多(duo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)火(huo)煏成片(pian)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)亦容雜偽。入(ru)(ru)藥惟貴(gui)生(sheng)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，狀若(ruo)梅花瓣甚(shen)佳也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。"腦入(ru)(ru)心(xin)(xin)經(jing)，非(fei)(fei)龍(long)(long)腦能(neng)入(ru)(ru)心(xin)(xin)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。"（《綱(gang)(gang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)》）4.繆(mou)希雍："龍(long)(long)腦香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)為(wei)百藥之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冠。凡(fan)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)甚(shen)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)性(xing)必(bi)溫熱(re)(re)(re)(re)，李珣言(yan)溫，元(yuan)素言(yan)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)是(shi)(shi)(shi)矣(yi)。氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)芳(fang)(fang)烈(lie)，味大(da)(da)(da)(da)辛(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)，陽(yang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)陽(yang)，升也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)散(san)(san)(san)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，性(xing)善走(zou)竄開(kai)(kai)(kai)竅(qiao)，無(wu)往(wang)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)達(da)，芳(fang)(fang)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，能(neng)辟一切邪惡(e)，辛(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)性(xing)，能(neng)散(san)(san)(san)一切風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)濕，故主(zhu)心(xin)(xin)腹邪氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)及風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)濕積聚也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。耳聾者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)竅(qiao)閉(bi)(bi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，開(kai)(kai)(kai)竅(qiao)則(ze)耳自聰；目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)赤(chi)(chi)(chi)膚(fu)翳(yi)(yi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，火(huo)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)甚(shen)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，辛(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)溫主(zhu)散(san)(san)(san)，能(neng)引(yin)火(huo)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)自外(wai)而(er)出(chu)(chu)(chu)，則(ze)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)自明(ming)，赤(chi)(chi)(chi)痛(tong)膚(fu)翳(yi)(yi)自去，此(ci)從治之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《別錄》又主(zhu)婦人難(nan)產者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)取其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)善走(zou)，開(kai)(kai)(kai)通(tong)關竅(qiao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)力耳。"（《本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)草(cao)(cao)(cao)經(jing)疏》）5.倪(ni)(ni)朱謨："龍(long)(long)腦香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)，開(kai)(kai)(kai)竅(qiao)辟邪之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)藥也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，性(xing)善走(zou)竄，啟發(fa)壅閉(bi)(bi)，開(kai)(kai)(kai)達(da)諸(zhu)竅(qiao)，無(wu)往(wang)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)通(tong)，然(ran)芳(fang)(fang)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)能(neng)辟一切邪惡(e)，辛(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)烈(lie)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)性(xing)能(neng)散(san)(san)(san)一切風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)。故《唐本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)草(cao)(cao)(cao)》主(zhu)暴赤(chi)(chi)(chi)時(shi)眼(yan)(yan)，腫痛(tong)羞明(ming)，或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)喉痹癰脹，水漿不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)通(tong)，或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)腦風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)頭痛(tong)，鼻(bi)(bi)瘜鼻(bi)(bi)淵，或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)外(wai)痔(zhi)腫痛(tong)，血(xue)(xue)(xue)水淋漓，或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)交骨(gu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)分，胎產難(nan)下(xia)，或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)毒(du)入(ru)(ru)骨(gu)，麻痛(tong)拘(ju)攣，或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)痘(dou)毒(du)內閉(bi)(bi)，煩(fan)悶不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)。此(ci)藥辛(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)芳(fang)(fang)烈(lie)，善散(san)(san)(san)善通(tong)，為(wei)效極捷，一切卒暴氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)閉(bi)(bi)，痰(tan)結神昏之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)病，非(fei)(fei)此(ci)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)治也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。"（《本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)草(cao)(cao)(cao)匯(hui)言(yan)》）6.張(zhang)景岳："味微(wei)甘大(da)(da)(da)(da)辛(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)，敷用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)涼如(ru)冰(bing)(bing)(bing)，而(er)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)雄力銳。本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)非(fei)(fei)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)，陽(yang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有(you)(you)(you)(you)陰(yin)(yin)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。善散(san)(san)(san)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，散(san)(san)(san)血(xue)(xue)(xue)，散(san)(san)(san)火(huo)，散(san)(san)(san)滯，通(tong)竅(qiao)，辟惡(e)，逐心(xin)(xin)腹邪氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。"（《本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)草(cao)(cao)(cao)正(zheng)》）7. 劉(liu)若(ruo)金："龍(long)(long)腦香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)所(suo)(suo)療諸(zhu)癥(zheng)，如(ru)宗奭(shi)所(suo)(suo)謂(wei)通(tong)利關隔熱(re)(re)(re)(re)塞(sai)，節(jie)齋所(suo)(suo)謂(wei)散(san)(san)(san)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)通(tong)利結氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)梓(zi)所(suo)(suo)謂(wei)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)閉(bi)(bi)生(sheng)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)諸(zhu)癥(zheng)，舉能(neng)開(kai)(kai)(kai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)散(san)(san)(san)壅、利結、開(kai)(kai)(kai)團，對(dui)待不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)爽，更(geng)諸(zhu)說皆以(yi)為(wei)從治之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，良不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)謬也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。故如(ru)喉痹腫塞(sai)，大(da)(da)(da)(da)人小兒風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)涎(xian)閉(bi)(bi)塞(sai)，舍此(ci)何(he)(he)以(yi)拯其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)危急(ji)乎？又如(ru)鼻(bi)(bi)瘜，舌腫，目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)赤(chi)(chi)(chi)內外(wai)膚(fu)翳(yi)(yi)，下(xia)疳，痔(zhi)瘡(chuang)，小兒痘(dou)陷(xian)(xian)等(deng)患(huan)，何(he)(he)莫非(fei)(fei)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)結于血(xue)(xue)(xue)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)。實(shi)(shi)(shi)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)于熱(re)(re)(re)(re)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)傷氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)乎！如(ru)對(dui)癥(zheng)而(er)施，誰謂(wei)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)宜(yi)。又如(ru)類中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)屬虛，繆(mou)氏亦切戒之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)知痰(tan)涎(xian)隨(sui)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)上潮，非(fei)(fei)此(ci)散(san)(san)(san)壅開(kai)(kai)(kai)閉(bi)(bi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)味，他藥何(he)(he)處(chu)(chu)著手乎？即謂(wei)痰(tan)涎(xian)宜(yi)下(xia)，然(ran)亦先散(san)(san)(san)而(er)后可下(xia)，且不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)如(ru)從治者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)易(yi)于奏效也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。雖(sui)然(ran)，此(ci)味概謂(wei)辛(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)散(san)(san)(san)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)矣(yi)。第非(fei)(fei)從里而(er)達(da)表之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)散(san)(san)(san)，乃無(wu)內無(wu)外(wai)，凡(fan)壅者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)、結者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)、閉(bi)(bi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，隨(sui)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)所(suo)(suo)患(huan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)處(chu)(chu)而(er)能(neng)散(san)(san)(san)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。"（《本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)草(cao)(cao)(cao)述》）8.汪紱："冰(bing)(bing)(bing)片(pian)，辛(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，固(gu)無(wu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)達(da)......或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)疑辛(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)味補肝，則(ze)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)當寒(han)(han)(han)，香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)屬陽(yang)，亦不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)當寒(han)(han)(han)。豈知陰(yin)(yin)陽(yang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，又各分陰(yin)(yin)陽(yang)......郁金亦辛(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)而(er)寒(han)(han)(han)，梅花獨作寒(han)(han)(han)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)，勿謂(wei)辛(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)遂(sui)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)寒(han)(han)(han)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，但寒(han)(han)(han)而(er)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，陰(yin)(yin)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)陽(yang)耳......冰(bing)(bing)(bing)片(pian)主(zhu)散(san)(san)(san)郁火(huo)，能(neng)透骨(gu)除(chu)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)，治驚(jing)癇，痰(tan)迷，喉痹，舌脹，牙痛(tong)，耳聾，鼻(bi)(bi)瘜，目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)赤(chi)(chi)(chi)膚(fu)翳(yi)(yi)，痘(dou)毒(du)內陷(xian)(xian)，殺蟲，瘡(chuang)痔(zhi)，催(cui)生(sheng)，性(xing)走(zou)而(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)守，亦能(neng)生(sheng)肌(ji)止痛(tong)。然(ran)散(san)(san)(san)而(er)易(yi)竭，是(shi)(shi)(shi)終(zhong)歸陰(yin)(yin)寒(han)(han)(han)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。"（《醫(yi)林(lin)纂(zuan)要·藥性(xing)》）9.論冰(bing)(bing)(bing)片(pian)應用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)宜(yi)忌(ji)及用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)法9.1李東垣："龍(long)(long)腦入(ru)(ru)骨(gu)，風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)病在(zai)骨(gu)髓者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)宜(yi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，若(ruo)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)在(zai)血(xue)(xue)(xue)脈(mo)(mo)肌(ji)肉，輒用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)腦、麝(she)，反引(yin)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)入(ru)(ru)骨(gu)髓，如(ru)油入(ru)(ru)面(mian)，莫之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)出(chu)(chu)(chu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。"（引(yin)自《綱(gang)(gang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)》）9.2倪(ni)(ni)朱謨："然(ran)非(fei)(fei)常服之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)藥，如(ru)大(da)(da)(da)(da)人小幾風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)涎(xian)閉(bi)(bi)塞(sai)，及暴得驚(jing)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)可用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，如(ru)久病元(yuan)虛，而(er)成中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)痹之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)證(zheng)，吐瀉后成慢(man)驚(jing)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)；眼(yan)(yan)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)系暴熱(re)(re)(re)(re)成翳(yi)(yi)障者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)可用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，如(ru)肝腎精血(xue)(xue)(xue)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)足(zu)，成昏暗者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)；風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)痛(tong)在(zai)骨(gu)髓者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)可用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，在(zai)血(xue)(xue)(xue)脈(mo)(mo)肌(ji)肉者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。世但知其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)涼而(er)通(tong)利，未達(da)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)而(er)輕浮飛越，喜其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)而(er)貴(gui)重，動輒與(yu)麝(she)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)同為(wei)桂(gui)附之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)助(zhu)，然(ran)人身之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)陽(yang)易(yi)動，陰(yin)(yin)易(yi)虧(kui)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)慎也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。"（《本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)草(cao)(cao)(cao)匯(hui)言(yan)》）9.3張(zhang)景岳："凡(fan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)此(ci)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)宜(yi)少而(er)暫，多(duo)則(ze)走(zou)散(san)(san)(san)真(zhen)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，大(da)(da)(da)(da)能(neng)損人。"（《本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)草(cao)(cao)(cao)正(zheng)》）9.4黃(huang)鈺："冰(bing)(bing)(bing)片(pian)，辛(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)溫香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)烈(lie)，宣竅(qiao)散(san)(san)(san)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。凡(fan)一切風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)痰(tan)，諸(zhu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)內閉(bi)(bi)等(deng)證(zheng)，暫用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)以(yi)開(kai)(kai)(kai)閉(bi)(bi)搜(sou)邪。然(ran)辛(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)走(zou)竄之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)極，服之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)令人暴亡(wang)。惟外(wai)癥(zheng)點(dian)眼(yan)(yan)、吹喉等(deng)藥用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)借以(yi)辛(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)散(san)(san)(san)，或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)賴其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)開(kai)(kai)(kai)耳。"（《本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)經(jing)便(bian)讀》）

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