拼音注音 : Dà Qīnɡ Yán
別名 : 青(qing)鹽、石鹽、戎鹽
來源 : 為(wei)一種結晶性石(shi)鹽(yan)。全年(nian)可(ke)采，自鹽(yan)湖(hu)中取出，曬(shai)干。
原形態 : 呈方(fang)塊(kuai)形(xing)(xing)和(he)不規則(ze)的多(duo)棱形(xing)(xing)，直徑約0.5～2厘米(mi)。青白色(se)至(zhi)暗(an)白色(se)或略帶(dai)黃色(se)，半透明，多(duo)數顆粒有一至(zhi)數個(ge)小(xiao)孔洞。質硬，可(ke)溶于(yu)水。微臭，味咸(xian)。
性味 : 咸，寒。
功能主治 : 涼(liang)血，明目。用于吐(tu)血，衄血，尿血，外治目赤(chi)腫痛，牙(ya)痛。
用法用量 : 3～5分(fen)。外用適(shi)量，研末(mo)搽牙或(huo)化(hua)水漱口洗目(mu)。
摘錄 : 《全國中草藥匯編》
拼音注音 : Dà Qīnɡ Yán
別名 : 戎(rong)鹽、胡鹽、禿登鹽、陰(yin)土(tu)鹽、寒鹽、冰石、羌鹽、青鹽、巖鹽
出處 : 1.大青鹽原名戎(rong)鹽，《五十(shi)(shi)二病方》中(zhong)已供藥用。2.《本(ben)經》列(lie)為下品。3.《別(bie)錄(lu)》曰(yue)：“戎(rong)鹽，一名胡鹽，生胡鹽山，及(ji)西羌北地(di)、酒泉(quan)、福祿城(cheng)東(dong)南(nan)角(jiao)。北海青、南(nan)海赤(chi)。十(shi)(shi)月采。”4.《本(ben)草經集注》曰(yue)：“今(jin)戎(rong)鹽虜中(zhong)甚有，從(cong)涼(liang)州來(lai)，芮芮河南(nan)使及(ji)北部胡客從(cong)敦煌來(lai)亦得之，自是稀少爾。其形作塊(kuai)片(pian)，或如(ru)雞鴨卵，或如(ru)菱米，色紫白，味不甚咸，口嘗氣臭(chou)正如(ru)毈雞子臭(chou)者言(yan)真(zhen)。”5.《綱目》曰(yue)：“按《涼(liang)州異物志》
來源 : 藥材(cai)基源(yuan)：為氯化物(wu)類石鹽(yan)族礦物(wu)石鹽(yan)的(de)結晶(jing)體。拉丁植(zhi)物(wu)動物(wu)礦物(wu)名：Halite采收和儲藏：全年均可采，一般多在6-8月進行，自鹽(yan)湖中取出，曬干。
生境分布 : 生態環境：多(duo)形成于干涸含鹽(yan)(yan)盆地和現代(dai)鹽(yan)(yan)湖(hu)中，為鹽(yan)(yan)湖(hu)中化學沉積(ji)而成，還(huan)包括不同(tong)地質(zhi)時代(dai)沉積(ji)層(ceng)中的(de)崖(巖)鹽(yan)(yan)，且多(duo)為原生鹽(yan)(yan)。因常有混入(ru)物而不同(tong)于光明鹽(yan)(yan)和人工煉制的(de)食鹽(yan)(yan)。資源分布：主產于內蒙(meng)古、青海、新疆、西(xi)藏、四川，其他省區亦有產出。
原形態 : 晶(jing)體結(jie)構屬等(deng)軸(zhou)晶(jing)系(xi)。晶(jing)體多為(wei)(wei)立方體，集合體成疏(shu)松或(huo)致密的(de)晶(jing)粒狀(zhuang)和(he)塊狀(zhuang)，常因立方體的(de)晶(jing)棱方向生長快而晶(jing)面(mian)下凹呈(cheng)漏斗狀(zhuang)。無色(se)(se)透明或(huo)呈(cheng)灰(hui)色(se)(se)(染(ran)(ran)色(se)(se)質為(wei)(wei)泥(ni)質油點(dian))、黃色(se)(se)(染(ran)(ran)有(you)(you)氫氧(yang)化(hua)鐵)、紅色(se)(se)(染(ran)(ran)有(you)(you)無水氧(yang)化(hua)鐵)、褐色(se)(se)或(huo)黑色(se)(se)(染(ran)(ran)有(you)(you)有(you)(you)機質)等(deng)，或(huo)有(you)(you)藍色(se)(se)斑點(dian)。條痕為(wei)(wei)白色(se)(se)。具玻璃光澤(ze)(ze)，因潮解(jie)光澤(ze)(ze)變暗或(huo)呈(cheng)油質狀(zhuang)。解(jie)理完全。斷口(kou)貝殼狀(zhuang)。硬度2-2.5。相對密度2.1-2.2(實測(ce)值為(wei)(wei)2.152)。
性狀 : 性狀(zhuang)鑒別(bie) 本品單(dan)晶體呈(cheng)立方(fang)(fang)體狀(zhuang)，多棱，常連結在一起，呈(cheng)不(bu)規(gui)(gui)則(ze)塊狀(zhuang)。一般粒徑0.2-2.0CM。大(da)顆(ke)粒者可見(jian)漏斗狀(zhuang)生(sheng)長遺跡，呈(cheng)不(bu)規(gui)(gui)則(ze)凹(ao)窩形狀(zhuang)。青白色(se)或暗白色(se)，半透明；脂肪樣光澤，有(you)的(de)可見(jian)分(fen)布不(bu)均(jun)勻(yun)的(de)藍(lan)色(se)斑點。質(zhi)硬脆，易砸(za)碎(sui)，斷面潔凈，玻(bo)璃樣光澤。氣微(wei)，味咸。(彩照26) 以(yi)顆(ke)粒大(da)、有(you)空洞(dong)、立方(fang)(fang)形、色(se)暗白、潔凈者為(wei)佳。顯微(wei)鑒別(bie) 透射(she)偏光鏡(jing)下，無色(se)透明，多呈(cheng)方(fang)(fang)形或不(bu)規(gui)(gui)則(ze)形；突起和糙(cao)面幾(ji)乎見(jian)不(bu)到(因折射(she)率N=1.5443，同樹膠相近)。正(zheng)交(jiao)偏光間全消光；干涉色(se)均(jun)質(zhi)性；有(you)時因應(ying)力影響可有(you)微(wei)弱的(de)干涉色(se)。
化學成分 : 主要為氯(lv)化(hua)鈉(na)(NaCl)。此(ci)外還夾雜有(you)氯(lv)化(hua)鉀(jia)(KCl)，氯(lv)化(hua)鎂(mei)(MgCl2)，氯(lv)化(hua)鈣(CaCl2)，硫酸鎂(mei)(MgSO4)，硫酸鈣(CaSO4)和鐵(Fe)等，其(qi)所(suo)含雜質多半(ban)是機(ji)械(xie)混入物。
炮制 : 取原藥(yao)材，除去雜(za)質(zhi)，用(yong)時搗碎。飲(yin)片性(xing)狀：參見“藥(yao)材鑒別”項。 貯(zhu)干(gan)燥(zao)容器(qi)內，置(zhi)干(gan)燥(zao)處，防潮，防塵(chen)。
鑒別 : (1)取(qu)(qu)本品約0.1g，加(jia)(jia)水2ml，使溶解(jie)(jie)、濾(lv)過，濾(lv)液(ye)(ye)加(jia)(jia)硝(xiao)(xiao)酸使成酸性后，滴加(jia)(jia)硝(xiao)(xiao)酸銀(yin)試(shi)液(ye)(ye)，即(ji)生成白色(se)凝(ning)乳(ru)狀沉淀(dian)。分離(li)，沉淀(dian)加(jia)(jia)氨試(shi)液(ye)(ye)即(ji)溶解(jie)(jie)，再加(jia)(jia)硝(xiao)(xiao)酸，沉淀(dian)復生成。(檢(jian)查(cha)氯化物)(2)取(qu)(qu)鉑絲，用(yong)鹽(yan)酸濕(shi)潤(run)后，蘸取(qu)(qu)本品粉(fen)末(mo)在無色(se)火焰(yan)中燃燒，火焰(yan)即(ji)顯鮮黃色(se)。(檢(jian)查(cha)鈉鹽(yan))
歸經 : 心；腎；肝；肺；膀(bang)胱(guang)經
性味 : 咸；寒；無毒
注意 : 水腫禁服。1.《品匯(hui)精(jing)要》：“性冷不(bu)宜多服。”2.《得(de)配本(ben)草》：“嘔吐者禁用。”
功能主治 : 瀉熱；涼血(xue)(xue)(xue)；明目(mu)；潤燥。主尿血(xue)(xue)(xue)；吐血(xue)(xue)(xue)；齒(chi)舌出血(xue)(xue)(xue)；目(mu)赤(chi)腫痛(tong)(tong)；風眼爛弦；牙痛(tong)(tong)；大便秘結
用法用量 : 內服(fu)：煎湯，0.9-1.5g；或入丸、散。外用：適量，研(yan)末(mo)揩(kai)牙；或水化(hua)漱口、洗目。
復方 : 1.治(zhi)(zhi)遠年風赤(chi)眼(yan)腫痛(tong) 青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)、硇砂(sha)、石(shi)膽各一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)分(fen)。上(shang)藥用醋漿(jiang)水(shui)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)盞(zhan)(zhan)，于瓷器(qi)(qi)中(zhong)浸，日(ri)(ri)中(zhong)浸之，候(hou)其藥著于瓷器(qi)(qi)四(si)(si)畔，干(gan)刮取(qu)如粟大(da)，夜(ye)臥(wo)時著兩(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)眥(zi)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)過(guo)三(san)四(si)(si)度。(《圣(sheng)惠方(fang)》)2.治(zhi)(zhi)風眼(yan)爛弦(xian) 戎(rong)(rong)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)化水(shui)點之。(《普(pu)濟(ji)方(fang)》)3.治(zhi)(zhi)腎臟虛冷，肝(gan)膈浮熱(re)上(shang)沖，兩(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)目生(sheng)翳，黑(hei)花久(jiu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)愈 青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(明(ming)凈者(zhe)生(sheng)研(yan))，蒼(cang)術一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(米(mi)泔浸)，木賊一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)便(bian)浸)。上(shang)為(wei)細(xi)(xi)末，空(kong)心熟水(shui)調(diao)下(xia)(xia)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)錢(qian)(qian)，如大(da)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)見(jian)物(wu)者(zhe)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)過(guo)十服(fu)，小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)可(ke)只二(er)(er)(er)三(san)服(fu)。(《古今(jin)醫(yi)統(tong)》青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)煎(jian)(jian))4.治(zhi)(zhi)風熱(re)牙痛(tong) 青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)斤(jin)，槐(huai)枝半(ban)斤(jin)。小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)四(si)(si)碗(wan)，煎(jian)(jian)汁二(er)(er)(er)碗(wan)，煮鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)至干(gan)，炒(chao)研(yan)，日(ri)(ri)用揩牙。(《唐瑤經驗方(fang)》)5.治(zhi)(zhi)腎虛齒痛(tong) 戎(rong)(rong)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)分(fen)，地骨皮一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)，細(xi)(xi)辛半(ban)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)，生(sheng)地黃(huang)(huang)(切，焙)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)。上(shang)四(si)(si)味(wei)(wei)粗(cu)搗(dao)(dao)篩。每(mei)(mei)服(fu)五(wu)錢(qian)(qian)匕，水(shui)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)盞(zhan)(zhan)，煎(jian)(jian)十余沸，去滓熱(re)煠，日(ri)(ri)三(san)。(《圣(sheng)濟(ji)總錄(lu)》戎(rong)(rong)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)湯)6.治(zhi)(zhi)咽喉(hou)疼(teng)痛(tong)，水(shui)谷不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)下(xia)(xia) 青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)、白(bai)礬、硇砂(sha)各等分(fen)。上(shang)為(wei)末，吹(chui)患(huan)處，有痰吐出(chu)立效。(《口齒類(lei)要》破棺丹)7.治(zhi)(zhi)舌腫滿口 青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)放鐵器(qi)(qi)上(shang)燒紅為(wei)末，摻之立效。(《奇驗喉(hou)證(zheng)明(ming)辨》)8.治(zhi)(zhi)浸淫瘡 戎(rong)(rong)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)二(er)(er)(er)分(fen)，大(da)黃(huang)(huang)四(si)(si)分(fen)，(艸閭)茹一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)分(fen)。上(shang)三(san)味(wei)(wei)搗(dao)(dao)散，以(yi)(yi)酒和敷瘡上(shang)，日(ri)(ri)三(san)。(《古今(jin)錄(lu)驗方(fang)》戎(rong)(rong)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)散)9.治(zhi)(zhi)痔(zhi)瘡漏瘡 白(bai)礬四(si)(si)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)，青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)四(si)(si)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)，為(wei)末，豬尿脬(pao)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個，盛之，陰(yin)干(gan)。每(mei)(mei)服(fu)五(wu)錢(qian)(qian)，空(kong)心溫(wen)水(shui)下(xia)(xia)。(《趙氏經驗方(fang)》)10.治(zhi)(zhi)腰疼(teng)痛(tong)，下(xia)(xia)膿水(shui) 石(shi)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)方(fang)作(zuo)食鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan))、干(gan)姜、杏仁(去尖)、醬瓣(ban)各等分(fen)。上(shang)為(wei)末，以(yi)(yi)錦裹(guo)，導(dao)之六七過(guo)，下(xia)(xia)膿水(shui)，腰下(xia)(xia)疼(teng)痛(tong)瘥(chai)止(一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)方(fang)無醬瓣(ban))。(《普(pu)濟(ji)方(fang)》)11.治(zhi)(zhi)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)便(bian)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)利(li) 茯苓(ling)半(ban)斤(jin)，白(bai)術二(er)(er)(er)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)，戎(rong)(rong)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)彈丸大(da)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)枚。上(shang)三(san)味(wei)(wei)，以(yi)(yi)水(shui)五(wu)升，煮取(qu)三(san)升，分(fen)溫(wen)再服(fu)。(《金匱(kui)要略》茯苓(ling)戎(rong)(rong)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)湯)12.治(zhi)(zhi)遺尿 戎(rong)(rong)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)三(san)分(fen)，甘草半(ban)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(炙(zhi)微赤(chi)，銼)，蒲黃(huang)(huang)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)，白(bai)礬三(san)分(fen)(燒令(ling)汁盡)，龍骨一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)，鹿(lu)角膠二(er)(er)(er)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(搗(dao)(dao)碎，炒(chao)令(ling)黃(huang)(huang)燥)。上(shang)藥搗(dao)(dao)細(xi)(xi)羅為(wei)散。每(mei)(mei)于食前，煎(jian)(jian)棗湯調(diao)下(xia)(xia)二(er)(er)(er)錢(qian)(qian)。(《圣(sheng)惠方(fang)》戎(rong)(rong)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)散)13.治(zhi)(zhi)干(gan)霍亂 炒(chao)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)錢(qian)(qian)，并河水(shui)各半(ban)盞(zhan)(zhan)，調(diao)飲，效。(《良方(fang)集腋》)14.治(zhi)(zhi)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)兒赤(chi)痢 青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)搗(dao)(dao)汁，每(mei)(mei)服(fu)半(ban)盞(zhan)(zhan)。(《丹溪治(zhi)(zhi)法(fa)心要》)15.治(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)砒毒，煩燥，心腹(fu)疼(teng)痛(tong)，頭(tou)旋(xuan)，欲吐不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)吐，面青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)黑(hei)，四(si)(si)肢冷 青(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)握，細(xi)(xi)研(yan)，以(yi)(yi)井花水(shui)調(diao)下(xia)(xia)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)碗(wan)灌之。(《古今(jin)醫(yi)統(tong)》)。
各家論述 : 1.李當之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)《藥(yao)(yao)錄(lu)》：“戎(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)味(wei)苦，臭(chou)。是海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)潮水澆山石(shi)，經久鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)凝著石(shi)。取之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)青(qing)(qing)(qing)，南(nan)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)紫赤(chi)(chi)。”2.陶弘景：”虜中(zhong)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)乃(nai)有(you)(you)(you)(you)九種(zhong)：白(bai)(bai)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)、食(shi)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)，常食(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)；黑(hei)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)，治腹脹氣(qi)(qi)滿；胡(hu)(hu)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)，治耳(er)聾目痛(tong)；柔鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)，治馬脊瘡(chuang)；又(you)(you)(you)有(you)(you)(you)(you)赤(chi)(chi)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)、駁(bo)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)、臭(chou)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)、馬齒鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)四種(zhong)，并(bing)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)入(ru)食(shi)。馬齒即(ji)大(da)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)，黑(hei)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)疑(yi)是鹵咸，柔鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)疑(yi)是戎(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)，而(er)此(ci)戎(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)又(you)(you)(you)名(ming)胡(hu)(hu)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)，兼治眼(yan)痛(tong)二(er)三相亂(luan)。”3.《新修本(ben)(ben)草(cao)(cao)(cao)》：“戎(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)即(ji)胡(hu)(hu)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)，沙州名(ming)為(wei)(wei)禿(tu)登鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)，廓州名(ming)為(wei)(wei)陰(yin)(yin)(yin)土(tu)(tu)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)，生河岸山坂(ban)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)陰(yin)(yin)(yin)土(tu)(tu)石(shi)間，塊大(da)小不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)常，堅白(bai)(bai)似石(shi)，燒(shao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)鳴灹爾。”4.《本(ben)(ben)草(cao)(cao)(cao)拾(shi)遺》：“生海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)西(xi)南(nan)雷、羅諸州山谷。似芒(mang)消末細。入(ru)口(kou)極冷。”5.《本(ben)(ben)草(cao)(cao)(cao)圖經》：“醫家治眼(yan)及補(bu)下(xia)(xia)藥(yao)(yao)多用(yong)(yong)青(qing)(qing)(qing)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)，疑(yi)此(ci)即(ji)戎(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)也(ye)(ye)。而(er)《本(ben)(ben)經》云(yun)：北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)青(qing)(qing)(qing)，南(nan)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)赤(chi)(chi)：今青(qing)(qing)(qing)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)從(cong)(cong)西(xi)羌來者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，形(xing)塊方(fang)棱，明(ming)瑩而(er)青(qing)(qing)(qing)黑(hei)色(se)(se)(se)，最奇(qi)。北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)胡(hu)(hu)來者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，作(zuo)(zuo)大(da)塊而(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)光瑩，又(you)(you)(you)多孔竅，若蜂(feng)窠狀，色(se)(se)(se)亦(yi)淺于(yu)西(xi)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)，彼人(ren)(ren)謂(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)枕，入(ru)藥(yao)(yao)差劣(lie)。北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)胡(hu)(hu)又(you)(you)(you)有(you)(you)(you)(you)一種(zhong)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)，作(zuo)(zuo)片屑(xie)，如(ru)(ru)(ru)碎白(bai)(bai)石(shi)，彼人(ren)(ren)亦(yi)謂(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)青(qing)(qing)(qing)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)，緘封(feng)于(yu)匣中(zhong)，與鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)枕并(bing)作(zuo)(zuo)禮(li)贄，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)知是何色(se)(se)(se)類?”6.《本(ben)(ben)草(cao)(cao)(cao)衍義》：“戎(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)成垛，裁之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)如(ru)(ru)(ru)枕，細白(bai)(bai)，味(wei)甘、咸。”7.《綱目》：“本(ben)(ben)草(cao)(cao)(cao)戎(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)云(yun)，北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)青(qing)(qing)(qing)，南(nan)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)赤(chi)(chi)。而(er)諸注乃(nai)用(yong)(yong)白(bai)(bai)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)，似與本(ben)(ben)文不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)合(he)。”按《涼州異物志》云(yun)：姜賴之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)墟(xu)，今稱龍城。剛鹵千里，蒺藜(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)形(xing)。其下(xia)(xia)有(you)(you)(you)(you)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)，累棋而(er)生。出(chu)(chu)于(yu)胡(hu)(hu)國，故名(ming)戎(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)。贊云(yun)：鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)山二(er)岳，二(er)色(se)(se)(se)為(wei)(wei)質。赤(chi)(chi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)如(ru)(ru)(ru)丹，黑(hei)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)如(ru)(ru)(ru)漆。小大(da)從(cong)(cong)意，鏤之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)(wei)物。作(zuo)(zuo)獸辟(pi)惡(e)，佩之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)(wei)吉。或(huo)稱戎(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)，可以(yi)療疾。此(ci)說與本(ben)(ben)草(cao)(cao)(cao)本(ben)(ben)文相合(he)，亦(yi)惟赤(chi)(chi)、黑(hei)二(er)色(se)(se)(se)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)言(yan)白(bai)(bai)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)。蓋白(bai)(bai)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)乃(nai)光明(ming)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)，而(er)青(qing)(qing)(qing)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)、赤(chi)(chi)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)則戎(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)也(ye)(ye)。故《西(xi)涼記》云(yun)：青(qing)(qing)(qing)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)池出(chu)(chu)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)，正方(fang)半寸，其形(xing)如(ru)(ru)(ru)石(shi)，甚甜美(mei)。《真臘記》云(yun)：山間有(you)(you)(you)(you)石(shi)，味(wei)勝于(yu)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)，可琢為(wei)(wei)器(qi)。《梁杰公傳》言(yan)，交(jiao)河之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)間，掘磧下(xia)(xia)數尺，有(you)(you)(you)(you)紫鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)，如(ru)(ru)(ru)紅如(ru)(ru)(ru)紫，色(se)(se)(se)鮮而(er)甘，其下(xia)(xia)丈許，有(you)(you)(you)(you)瑿珀。《北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)戶錄(lu)》亦(yi)言(yan)，張(zhang)掖池中(zhong)出(chu)(chu)桃花(hua)(hua)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)，色(se)(se)(se)如(ru)(ru)(ru)桃花(hua)(hua)，隨月盈(ying)縮(suo)。今寧夏近涼州地，鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)井所出(chu)(chu)青(qing)(qing)(qing)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)，四方(fang)皎潔(jie)如(ru)(ru)(ru)石(shi)，山丹衛即(ji)張(zhang)掖地，有(you)(you)(you)(you)池產紅鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)，紅色(se)(se)(se)。此(ci)二(er)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)，即(ji)戎(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)青(qing)(qing)(qing)、赤(chi)(chi)二(er)色(se)(se)(se)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)。醫方(fang)但用(yong)(yong)青(qing)(qing)(qing)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)，而(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)用(yong)(yong)紅鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)知二(er)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)皆(jie)名(ming)戎(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)也(ye)(ye)，所謂(wei)南(nan)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)、北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，指西(xi)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)南(nan)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)而(er)言(yan)，非炎方(fang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)南(nan)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)也(ye)(ye)。張(zhang)果(guo)《玉洞要訣》云(yun)：赤(chi)(chi)戎(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)出(chu)(chu)西(xi)戎(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)，稟自(zi)然水土(tu)(tu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)氣(qi)(qi)，結而(er)成質。其地水土(tu)(tu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)氣(qi)(qi)黃(huang)赤(chi)(chi)，故鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)亦(yi)隨土(tu)(tu)氣(qi)(qi)而(er)生。味(wei)淡于(yu)石(shi)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)，力(li)能伏陽(yang)精。但于(yu)火中(zhong)燒(shao)汁(zhi)紅赤(chi)(chi)，凝定色(se)(se)(se)轉益(yi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，即(ji)真也(ye)(ye)。亦(yi)名(ming)絳鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)。《抱樸子》書有(you)(you)(you)(you)作(zuo)(zuo)赤(chi)(chi)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)法(fa)。又(you)(you)(you)嶺南(nan)一種(zhong)紅鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)，乃(nai)染(ran)成者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，皆(jie)非真紅鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)也(ye)(ye)，又(you)(you)(you)《丹房鏡源(yuan)》云(yun)：蠻鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)可伏雌雄，作(zuo)(zuo)金用(yong)(yong)紅鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)為(wei)(wei)上。(《本(ben)(ben)草(cao)(cao)(cao)求(qiu)原》)論大(da)青(qing)(qing)(qing)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)與溫(wen)(wen)(wen)補(bu)藥(yao)(yao)的配伍作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)：1.劉若金：“沉香(xiang)磁石(shi)丸治上盛下(xia)(xia)虛，眩暈，耳(er)鳴，耳(er)聾用(yong)(yong)大(da)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)補(bu)以(yi)歸(gui)腎(shen)(shen)。又(you)(you)(you)如(ru)(ru)(ru)二(er)至(zhi)丸治老人(ren)(ren)腎(shen)(shen)氣(qi)(qi)虛損腰痛(tong)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可屈(qu)伸亦(yi)大(da)用(yong)(yong)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)補(bu)以(yi)實腎(shen)(shen)氣(qi)(qi)，二(er)癥皆(jie)用(yong)(yong)戎(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)入(ru)于(yu)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)補(bu)中(zhong)，藉(jie)元(yuan)(yuan)陰(yin)(yin)(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)氣(qi)(qi)和陽(yang)而(er)歸(gui)陰(yin)(yin)(yin)也(ye)(ye)。”(《本(ben)(ben)草(cao)(cao)(cao)述》)2.蔣溶：“方(fang)書溫(wen)(wen)(wen)補(bu)藥(yao)(yao)亦(yi)用(yong)(yong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、蓋藉(jie)元(yuan)(yuan)陰(yin)(yin)(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)氣(qi)(qi)和陽(yang)而(er)歸(gui)陰(yin)(yin)(yin)，故治白(bai)(bai)淫(yin)，遺精。淋瀝(li)。由(you)于(yu)腎(shen)(shen)虛均(jun)入(ru)此(ci)味(wei)，所以(yi)和陰(yin)(yin)(yin)使為(wei)(wei)陽(yang)守也(ye)(ye)。至(zhi)陽(yang)根(gen)于(yu)至(zhi)陰(yin)(yin)(yin)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)求(qiu)元(yuan)(yuan)陰(yin)(yin)(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)本(ben)(ben)，焉(yan)能補(bu)腎(shen)(shen)氣(qi)(qi)乎?”(《萃金裘本(ben)(ben)草(cao)(cao)(cao)述錄(lu)》)
摘錄 : 《中華本草》
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