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中醫世家 2023-05-01 01:08:37

《中藥大辭典》:醋

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別名 : 苦(ku)酒(《傷寒論》),淳酢(《本草經集注》),酰(xian)(《別錄(lu)》),米醋(《食療本草》)。

出處 : 《別錄》

來源 : 為(wei)以米、麥、高粱或酒、酒槽等釀成的含(han)有乙酸的液體。

化學成分 : 醋(cu)的一(yi)般組成為浸(jin)膏(gao)質(zhi)、灰分、揮(hui)(hui)發酸、不揮(hui)(hui)發酸、還(huan)元糖(tang)。具體物質(zhi)有(you)高級醇類、3-羥基丁酮、二羥基丙酮、酪醇、乙(yi)(yi)醛、甲醛、乙(yi)(yi)縮醛、乙(yi)(yi)酸(含量3~5%)、琥珀酸、草酸及山梨(li)糖(tang)等(deng)糖(tang)類。

歸經 : 入(ru)肝(gan)、胃經(jing)。①《雷公炮制藥性(xing)解》:"入(ru)肝(gan)經(jing)。"②《本草新編》:"入(ru)胃、脾、大(da)腸,尤走肝(gan)臟。"③《本草經(jing)解》:"入(ru)足少陽膽經(jing)、足厥(jue)陰肝(gan)經(jing)。"

性味 : 酸苦(ku),溫(wen)(wen)。①《別錄》:"味酸,溫(wen)(wen),無毒(du)。"②《本草蒙筌》:"酸甘(gan),溫(wen)(wen)。"③《綱目》:"酸苦(ku),溫(wen)(wen),無毒(du)。"

注意 : 脾胃(wei)濕(shi)甚、痿痹(bi)、筋脈拘攣及外感初起忌服(fu)。①陶(tao)弘景:"酢(zuo)酒不可(ke)多(duo)食(shi)(shi)(shi)之,損(sun)人(ren)肌(ji)臟耳。"②《千金(jin)·食(shi)(shi)(shi)治》:"扁鵲云,多(duo)食(shi)(shi)(shi)酢(zuo),損(sun)人(ren)骨(gu)。"③孟詵:"多(duo)食(shi)(shi)(shi)損(sun)人(ren)胃(wei)。""醋(cu),服(fu)諸藥(yao)不可(ke)多(duo)食(shi)(shi)(shi)。"④《綱目》:"服(fu)茯苓、丹參人(ren)不可(ke)食(shi)(shi)(shi)醋(cu)。"⑤《隨息居(ju)飲食(shi)(shi)(shi)譜》:"風寒咳嗽(sou),外感瘧痢初病(bing)皆忌。"

功能主治 : 散瘀(yu),止血(xue),解(jie)毒(du)(du)(du),殺(sha)蟲。治(zhi)產(chan)后血(xue)暈,痃癖癥(zheng)瘕,黃(huang)(huang)疸(dan),黃(huang)(huang)汗(han),吐血(xue),衄血(xue),大(da)便(bian)下(xia)血(xue),陰(yin)部瘙(sao)癢,癰疽(ju)瘡(chuang)腫。解(jie)魚(yu)肉菜(cai)毒(du)(du)(du)。①《別錄》:’消癰腫,散水(shui)氣(qi),殺(sha)邪毒(du)(du)(du)。"②《千金(jin)·食(shi)治(zhi)》:"治(zhi)血(xue)運(yun)(yun)。"③《本草(cao)(cao)(cao)拾(shi)遺》:"破血(xue)運(yun)(yun),除癥(zheng)決堅積,消食(shi),殺(sha)惡毒(du)(du)(du),破結氣(qi),心(xin)中(zhong)酸水(shui)痰飲。"④《日華(hua)子本草(cao)(cao)(cao)》:"治(zhi)產(chan)后婦人并傷損,及金(jin)瘡(chuang)血(xue)運(yun)(yun);下(xia)氣(qi)除煩,破癥(zheng)結。治(zhi)婦人心(xin)痛,助諸(zhu)藥力,殺(sha)一切(qie)魚(yu)肉菜(cai)毒(du)(du)(du)。"⑤《本草(cao)(cao)(cao)衍義》:"益血(xue)。"⑥《注解(jie)傷寒論》:"斂咽瘡(chuang)。"⑦《綱目》:"散瘀(yu)血(xue)。治(zhi)黃(huang)(huang)疸(dan)、黃(huang)(huang)汗(han)。"⑧《本草(cao)(cao)(cao)備要》:"散瘀(yu),解(jie)毒(du)(du)(du),下(xia)氣(qi)消食(shi),開(kai)胃氣(qi)。"⑨《醫(yi)林(lin)纂要》:"瀉肝,收心(xin)。治(zhi)卒昏,醒睡(shui)夢;補(bu)肺,發音聲(sheng);殺(sha)魚(yu)蟲諸(zhu)毒(du)(du)(du),伏蛔。"⑩《會約醫(yi)鏡(jing)》:"治(zhi)腸滑瀉痢。"⑾《本草(cao)(cao)(cao)再新》:"生用(yong)可以消諸(zhu)毒(du)(du)(du),行濕氣(qi);制用(yong)可宣陽,可平肝,斂氣(qi)鎮風,散邪發汗(han)。’⑿《隨(sui)息居飲食(shi)譜》:"開(kai)胃,養肝,強筋,暖骨,醒酒(jiu),消食(shi),下(xia)氣(qi)辟邪,解(jie)魚(yu)蟹鱗介諸(zhu)毒(du)(du)(du)。"⒀《現代實用(yong)中(zhong)藥》:"用(yong)于結核病之盜(dao)汗(han),為止汗(han)藥;又傷寒癥(zheng)之腸出(chu)血(xue),為止血(xue)藥。"

用法用量 : 內服:入湯劑或拌制藥物。外用:燒(shao)熱熏嗅、含漱(shu)或和藥調敷。

復方 : ①治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)產(chan)后血暈(yun):用鐵器燒紅,更(geng)(geng)(geng)迭淬醋(cu)(cu)(cu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),就病(bing)人之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)鼻以(yi)熏(xun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。(《隨(sui)息居(ju)飲(yin)食(shi)譜》)②治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)切積聚,不(bu)(bu)拘遠(yuan)年近(jin)日皆治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi):京三(san)棱(leng)四兩(liang)(liang)(醋(cu)(cu)(cu)煮(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),切片(pian)(pian),曬干),川(chuan)芎二兩(liang)(liang)(醋(cu)(cu)(cu)煮(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)微軟,切片(pian)(pian)),大黃(huang)(huang)半(ban)(ban)兩(liang)(liang)(醋(cu)(cu)(cu)濕紙裹,火煨過(guo))。上(shang)三(san)味,同(tong)為末(mo)(mo),水(shui)煮(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)和(he)為丸,如桐子(zi)(zi)大。每服(fu)三(san)十丸,溫(wen)水(shui)送下,不(bu)(bu)拘時候。病(bing)甚者一(yi)月(yue)效,輕者半(ban)(ban)月(yue)效。(《普濟方(fang)》醋(cu)(cu)(cu)煮(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)三(san)棱(leng)丸)③治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)瘕癥:鱉甲(jia)、訶子(zi)(zi)皮、干姜(jiang)各(ge)等分(fen)。為末(mo)(mo),醋(cu)(cu)(cu)糊(hu)丸,梧子(zi)(zi)大,每三(san)十丸,空心白湯(tang)下。(《醫學入(ru)門》醋(cu)(cu)(cu)鱉丸)④治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)過(guo)食(shi)魚腥、生(sheng)冷(leng)水(shui)菜(cai)果實(shi)成積者:生(sheng)姜(jiang)搗(dao)爛,和(he)米(mi)醋(cu)(cu)(cu)調食(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。(《日華子(zi)(zi)本草》)⑤治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)黃(huang)(huang)汗(han)病(bing),身體腫,發熱,汗(han)出而渴,狀如風水(shui),汗(han)沾衣,色正黃(huang)(huang)如檗(bo)汁(zhi),脈自沉(chen)。以(yi)汗(han)出入(ru)水(shui)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)浴,水(shui)從汗(han)孔(kong)入(ru)得之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi):黃(huang)(huang)芪(qi)五兩(liang)(liang),芍藥三(san)兩(liang)(liang),桂(gui)枝三(san)兩(liang)(liang)。上(shang)三(san)味,以(yi)苦(ku)酒(jiu)一(yi)升(sheng)(sheng),水(shui)七升(sheng)(sheng),相和(he),煮(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)取三(san)升(sheng)(sheng),溫(wen)服(fu)一(yi)升(sheng)(sheng),當心煩(fan),服(fu)至(zhi)六、七日乃解。若心煩(fan)不(bu)(bu)止者,以(yi)苦(ku)酒(jiu)阻故也(ye)。(《金(jin)匱要略》黃(huang)(huang)芪(qi)芍藥桂(gui)枝苦(ku)酒(jiu)湯(tang))⑥治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)鼻血出不(bu)(bu)止:酢和(he)胡(hu)粉半(ban)(ban)棗許服(fu)。(《千金(jin)方(fang)》)⑦治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)疝(shan)氣沖痛:育皮、小茴香(xiang)各(ge)五錢,以(yi)米(mi)醋(cu)(cu)(cu)一(yi)碗(wan)(wan)煮(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)干,加(jia)水(shui)二碗(wan)(wan),煎八(ba)分(fen),溫(wen)和(he)服(fu)。(《林氏家抄方(fang)》)⑧治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)霍亂(luan)轉筋入(ru)腹:酢煮(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)青布搨之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),冷(leng)復易之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。(《千金(jin)方(fang)》)⑨治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)癰(yong)(yong)疽初起:生(sheng)附(fu)子(zi)(zi),以(yi)米(mi)醋(cu)(cu)(cu)磨稠汁(zhi),圍四釁,一(yi)日上(shang)十余次。(《方(fang)脈正宗》)⑩治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)諸腫毒:醋(cu)(cu)(cu)調大黃(huang)(huang)末(mo)(mo)涂。(《隨(sui)息居(ju)飲(yin)食(shi)譜》)⑾治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乳癰(yong)(yong)堅:以(yi)罐盛(sheng)醋(cu)(cu)(cu),燒石令熱蚺中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),沸止,更(geng)(geng)(geng)燒如前,少熱,納(na)(na)乳滇之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),冷(leng)更(geng)(geng)(geng)燒石納(na)(na)漬。(《千金(jin)方(fang)》)⑿治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)少陰病(bing),咽中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)傷(shang)生(sheng)瘡,不(bu)(bu)能語言(yan),聲不(bu)(bu)出者:半(ban)(ban)夏(洗、破如棗核)十四枚,雞子(zi)(zi)一(yi)枚(去黃(huang)(huang),納(na)(na)苦(ku)酒(jiu),著雞子(zi)(zi)殼中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong))。上(shang)二味納(na)(na)半(ban)(ban)夏著苦(ku)酒(jiu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),以(yi)雞子(zi)(zi)殼置(zhi)刀(dao)環中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),安火上(shang),令三(san)沸,去滓(zi),少少含(han)咽之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),不(bu)(bu)瘥,更(geng)(geng)(geng)作(zuo)三(san)劑。(《傷(shang)寒論》苦(ku)酒(jiu)湯(tang))⒀治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)鎖喉風,脹悶不(bu)(bu)通:土牛膝搗(dao)汁(zhi)半(ban)(ban)碗(wan)(wan),加(jia)入(ru)真米(mi)醋(cu)(cu)(cu)半(ban)(ban)碗(wan)(wan),用鵝毛翎尖挑(tiao)少許入(ru)喉中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),隨(sui)吐涎痰,連挑(tiao)十余次,吐痰碗(wan)(wan)許即通。(《本草匯言(yan)》)⒁治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)牙齒疼痛:米(mi)醋(cu)(cu)(cu)煮(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枸杞白皮一(yi)升(sheng)(sheng),取半(ban)(ban)升(sheng)(sheng),含(han)漱(shu)(shu)。(《肘后方(fang)》)⒂治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)牙疼:陳醋(cu)(cu)(cu)四兩(liang)(liang),花(hua)椒二錢。水(shui)煎,去椒含(han)漱(shu)(shu)。(內蒙古(gu)《中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)草藥新醫療(liao)法資料選編(bian)》)⒃治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)湯(tang)火傷(shang):醋(cu)(cu)(cu)淋洗。(《隨(sui)息居(ju)飲(yin)食(shi)譜》)

臨床應用 : ①預(yu)防流(liu)行(xing)性(xing)感(gan)冒、流(liu)行(xing)性(xing)腦脊(ji)髓膜炎(yan)關(guan)閉(bi)門(men)窗,諏適量醋(cu)(cu)(每(mei)(mei)(mei)立方米空間(jian)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)2~10毫(hao)(hao)升(sheng))用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)1~2倍水稀釋(shi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)加(jia)(jia)熱(re)蒸(zheng)熏,每(mei)(mei)(mei)次(ci)1小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)時,每(mei)(mei)(mei)日(ri)(ri)(ri)或隔日(ri)(ri)(ri)1次(ci),連(lian)續(xu)3~6天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)。某(mou)年春冬,某(mou)部隊(dui)先后(hou)(hou)(hou)有(you)13個連(lian)隊(dui)發生流(liu)感(gan),其(qi)中(zhong)12個連(lian)隊(dui)經用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)此法(fa)后(hou)(hou)(hou)第2天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)即(ji)控(kong)制(zhi)了流(liu)行(xing);而另一(yi)連(lian)隊(dui)未曾(ceng)(ceng)應(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong),結(jie)果2天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)后(hou)(hou)(hou)有(you)60%的(de)(de)人染(ran)病(bing),于(yu)第3天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)應(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)此法(fa)后(hou)(hou)(hou)便(bian)很快控(kong)制(zhi)了蔓延。此外(wai),在(zai)(zai)(zai)"流(liu)腦"流(liu)行(xing)期間(jian),曾(ceng)(ceng)對84名帶菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)者(zhe)(zhe)行(xing)食(shi)醋(cu)(cu)蒸(zheng)熏,每(mei)(mei)(mei)日(ri)(ri)(ri)2次(ci),連(lian)續(xu)10天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian),結(jie)果帶菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)者(zhe)(zhe)全部轉(zhuan)為陰性(xing)。經試驗(yan),食(shi)醋(cu)(cu)蒸(zheng)熏對流(liu)感(gan)病(bing)毒(du)具有(you)良(liang)(liang)好的(de)(de)殺滅作用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong);同時食(shi)醋(cu)(cu)對甲型鏈球(qiu)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)、卡他(ta)球(qiu)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)、肺炎(yan)雙球(qiu)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)、白(bai)色葡萄球(qiu)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)及(ji)(ji)流(liu)感(gan)桿菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)等(deng)(deng)5種(zhong)細菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)也有(you)殺菌(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)作用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。②治療急(ji)、慢性(xing)傳染(ran)性(xing)肝(gan)炎(yan)取米醋(cu)(cu)2斤(jin),鮮豬骨(gu)1斤(jin),紅(hong)、白(bai)糖各4兩,置鍋內共煮(不加(jia)(jia)水),至(zhi)沸(fei)后(hou)(hou)(hou)90分鐘取出過濾。成人每(mei)(mei)(mei)次(ci)30~40毫(hao)(hao)升(sheng),小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)兒(er)(5~10歲)10~15毫(hao)(hao)升(sheng),每(mei)(mei)(mei)日(ri)(ri)(ri)3次(ci)飯后(hou)(hou)(hou)服(fu)。1個月(yue)為一(yi)療程(cheng),慢性(xing)者(zhe)(zhe)可(ke)(ke)服(fu)2~3療程(cheng)。對有(you)高熱(re)者(zhe)(zhe)不適用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。據(ju)3例(li)(li)(li)(li)觀察,服(fu)藥(yao)40~60天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)后(hou)(hou)(hou)均(jun)告恢復(fu)。③治療膽道蛔(hui)蟲病(bing)按(an)(an)年齡大小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)頓(dun)服(fu)酸(suan)醋(cu)(cu)30~50毫(hao)(hao)升(sheng)或更多,以后(hou)(hou)(hou)視情況(kuang)可(ke)(ke)再次(ci)服(fu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong),直至(zhi)不痛(tong)為止(zhi)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)疼痛(tong)明顯減(jian)輕的(de)(de)當天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)或次(ci)日(ri)(ri)(ri),按(an)(an)常規(gui)服(fu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)驅(qu)蛔(hui)藥(yao)物。觀察15例(li)(li)(li)(li),服(fu)藥(yao)總(zong)量為300~500毫(hao)(hao)升(sheng);結(jie)果12例(li)(li)(li)(li)于(yu)兩天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)內完全止(zhi)痛(tong),3例(li)(li)(li)(li)在(zai)(zai)(zai)3~4天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)疼痛(tong)亦完全解除(chu)。④治療蟯蟲病(bing)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)食(shi)醋(cu)(cu)灌腸治療58例(li)(li)(li)(li),經1~3次(ci)即(ji)愈(yu)。無不良(liang)(liang)反應(ying)(ying)。方法(fa):將食(shi)醋(cu)(cu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)涼(liang)開水稀釋(shi)(每(mei)(mei)(mei)30毫(hao)(hao)升(sheng)醋(cu)(cu)加(jia)(jia)涼(liang)水至(zhi)100毫(hao)(hao)升(sheng)),于(yu)睡眠前用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)消毒(du)導尿管一(yi)根插入肛門(men)內約20厘米,然后(hou)(hou)(hou)以消毒(du)注射器將藥(yao)液(ye)注入腸內,每(mei)(mei)(mei)次(ci)100~140毫(hao)(hao)升(sheng)(小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)兒(er)酌減(jian)),每(mei)(mei)(mei)日(ri)(ri)(ri)1次(ci)。⑤治療一(yi)般外(wai)科炎(yan)癥取食(shi)醋(cu)(cu)250毫(hao)(hao)升(sheng),置搪(tang)瓷碗中(zhong)加(jia)(jia)熱(re),沸(fei)后(hou)(hou)(hou)加(jia)(jia)入乳香、沒藥(yao)末(mo)各6克(ke),邊攪拌邊加(jia)(jia)入淀粉(fen)(山(shan)芋粉(fen)亦可(ke)(ke))60克(ke),待成糊(hu)狀后(hou)(hou)(hou)即(ji)將其(qi)涂(tu)于(yu)牛(niu)皮紙上(shang)(面積應(ying)(ying)大于(yu)病(bing)變范圍,厚約1~1.5厘米),俟溫度(du)降至(zhi)50℃左(zuo)右(you)時敷于(yu)患處(chu),外(wai)加(jia)(jia)三、四層紗(sha)布(bu)包(bao)扎(zha)。如(ru)有(you)傷(shang)口(kou),按(an)(an)常規(gui)處(chu)理,在(zai)(zai)(zai)敷以凡(fan)(fan)士林(lin)紗(sha)布(bu)后(hou)(hou)(hou)再敷醋(cu)(cu)膏(gao)(勿直接(jie)涂(tu)于(yu)傷(shang)口(kou),以免腐蝕擴(kuo)大)。凡(fan)(fan)癤、癰、蜂窩織炎(yan)、丹(dan)毒(du)、膿腫(zhong)(zhong)、腮腺炎(yan)、乳腺炎(yan)等(deng)(deng)急(ji)性(xing)炎(yan)癥皆(jie)可(ke)(ke)應(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong),對結(jie)核性(xing)炎(yan)癥及(ji)(ji)骨(gu)髓炎(yan)等(deng)(deng)則不適宜。臨(lin)床(chuang)觀察50例(li)(li)(li)(li),除(chu)5例(li)(li)(li)(li)(系寒(han)性(xing)膿腫(zhong)(zhong)、喉(hou)頭結(jie)核及(ji)(ji)骨(gu)髓炎(yan))無效(xiao)外(wai),均(jun)獲(huo)治愈(yu)。一(yi)般在(zai)(zai)(zai)兩小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)時后(hou)(hou)(hou)疼痛(tong)開始減(jian)輕,六小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)時后(hou)(hou)(hou)開始消腫(zhong)(zhong)。治愈(yu)時間(jian)在(zai)(zai)(zai)2天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)內者(zhe)(zhe)16例(li)(li)(li)(li),6天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)內者(zhe)(zhe)20例(li)(li)(li)(li),9天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)內者(zhe)(zhe)7例(li)(li)(li)(li),10天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)以上(shang)者(zhe)(zhe)2例(li)(li)(li)(li)。⑥治療石灰燒(shao)傷(shang)根據(ju)酸(suan)堿中(zhong)和的(de)(de)原理,試用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)5%食(shi)醋(cu)(cu)溶(rong)液(ye)浸洗(xi)(xi)患部,獲(huo)得(de)良(liang)(liang)好效(xiao)果。洗(xi)(xi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)患處(chu)的(de)(de)灼熱(re)刺(ci)痛(tong)及(ji)(ji)顏面潮(chao)紅(hong)等(deng)(deng)癥狀能立即(ji)解除(chu);如(ru)形成腐蝕性(xing)潰瘍者(zhe)(zhe),亦可(ke)(ke)自行(xing)結(jie)癡愈(yu)合。

各家論述 : ①《本草衍(yan)義》:"醋(cu)(cu)(cu)(cu)(cu),酒糟(zao)為主(zhu)(zhu),有(you)米醋(cu)(cu)(cu)(cu)(cu)、麥醋(cu)(cu)(cu)(cu)(cu)、棗醋(cu)(cu)(cu)(cu)(cu)。米醋(cu)(cu)(cu)(cu)(cu)比諸醋(cu)(cu)(cu)(cu)(cu)最(zui)釅(yan),入藥(yao)多(duo)用(yong)之(zhi),谷氣(qi)(qi)(qi)全也(ye),故勝糟(zao)醋(cu)(cu)(cu)(cu)(cu)。產(chan)婦(fu)(fu)房中(zhong)常得醋(cu)(cu)(cu)(cu)(cu)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)則(ze)為佳,醋(cu)(cu)(cu)(cu)(cu)益血(xue)(xue)也(ye)。唐雄(xiong)黃(huang)涂(tu)蜂(feng)蠆,亦(yi)取(qu)(qu)其(qi)收(shou)而不散(san)(san)也(ye)。"①《綱目》:"大(da)抵醋(cu)(cu)(cu)(cu)(cu)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)諸瘡腫(zhong)積(ji)(ji)塊,心腹疼痛,痰(tan)水血(xue)(xue)病(bing),殺(sha)魚肉(rou)(rou)菜(cai)及諸蟲毒(du)(du)(du)(du)氣(qi)(qi)(qi),無(wu)非取(qu)(qu)其(qi)酸(suan)(suan)收(shou)之(zhi)意,而又(you)有(you)散(san)(san)瘀、解毒(du)(du)(du)(du)之(zhi)功(gong)(gong)。"②《本草經(jing)疏》:"醋(cu)(cu)(cu)(cu)(cu)惟米造者入藥(yao),得溫(wen)熱(re)(re)之(zhi)氣(qi)(qi)(qi),其(qi)味(wei)酸(suan)(suan),氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)無(wu)毒(du)(du)(du)(du)。酸(suan)(suan)入肝(gan),肝(gan)主(zhu)(zhu)血(xue)(xue),血(xue)(xue)逆熱(re)(re)壅則(ze)生癰(yong)(yong)腫(zhong),酸(suan)(suan)能斂(lian)壅熱(re)(re),溫(wen)能行(xing)逆血(xue)(xue),故主(zhu)(zhu)消(xiao)癰(yong)(yong)腫(zhong)。其(qi)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)產(chan)后血(xue)(xue)暈(yun),癥塊血(xue)(xue)積(ji)(ji),亦(yi)此意耳。散(san)(san)水氣(qi)(qi)(qi)者,水性(xing)泛濫,得收(shou)斂(lian)而寧謐也(ye)。殺(sha)邪毒(du)(du)(du)(du)者,酸(suan)(suan)苦(ku)涌瀉,能吐(tu)出一(yi)(yi)切邪氣(qi)(qi)(qi)毒(du)(du)(du)(du)物也(ye)。《日華(hua)子,主(zhu)(zhu)下(xia)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)除(chu)煩,婦(fu)(fu)人心痛血(xue)(xue)氣(qi)(qi)(qi),并產(chan)后及傷(shang)損(sun),金(jin)瘡出血(xue)(xue),迷悶,殺(sha)一(yi)(yi)切魚肉(rou)(rou)菜(cai)毒(du)(du)(du)(du),取(qu)(qu)其(qi)酸(suan)(suan)收(shou)而又(you)有(you)散(san)(san)瘀解毒(du)(du)(du)(du)之(zhi)功(gong)(gong)也(ye),故外(wai)(wai)科(ke)敷藥(yao)中(zhong)多(duo)資用(yong)。""經(jing)曰(yue)(yue),酸(suan)(suan)走(zou)筋,筋病(bing)毋多(duo)食(shi)(shi)酸(suan)(suan)。凡(fan)筋攣偏痹(bi),手足屈伸(shen)不便(bian),皆忌之(zhi)。又(you)曰(yue)(yue),味(wei)過(guo)于酸(suan)(suan),肝(gan)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)以(yi)(yi)津,脾氣(qi)(qi)(qi)乃(nai)絕(jue),多(duo)食(shi)(shi)酸(suan)(suan)則(ze)肉(rou)(rou)皺(zhou)而唇(chun)揭。言(yan)能助(zhu)肝(gan)賊脾,凡(fan)脾病(bing)者亦(yi)不宜(yi)(yi)過(guo)食(shi)(shi)。"③《本草匯言(yan)》:"醋(cu)(cu)(cu)(cu)(cu),解熱(re)(re)毒(du)(du)(du)(du),消(xiao)癰(yong)(yong)腫(zhong),化一(yi)(yi)切魚腥水菜(cai)諸積(ji)(ji)之(zhi)藥(yao)也(ye),林氏曰(yue)(yue),醋(cu)(cu)(cu)(cu)(cu)主(zhu)(zhu)收(shou),醋(cu)(cu)(cu)(cu)(cu)得酸(suan)(suan)味(wei)之(zhi)正也(ye),直人厥陰(yin)肝(gan)經(jing),散(san)(san)邪斂(lian)正,故藏器方(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)產(chan)后血(xue)(xue)脹、血(xue)(xue)暈(yun),及一(yi)(yi)切中(zhong)惡邪氣(qi)(qi)(qi),卒時昏冒者,以(yi)(yi)大(da)炭火(huo)入熨斗內以(yi)(yi)釅(yan)米醋(cu)(cu)(cu)(cu)(cu)沃之(zhi),酸(suan)(suan)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)遍(bian)室中(zhong),血(xue)(xue)行(xing)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)通痰(tan)下(xia),而神自清矣。凡(fan)諸藥(yao)宜(yi)(yi)入肝(gan)者,須以(yi)(yi)醋(cu)(cu)(cu)(cu)(cu)拌炒(chao)制。應(ying)病(bing)如神。又(you)仲景《金(jin)匱(kui)要(yao)略》治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)黃(huang)汗,有(you)黃(huang)耆(qi)白芍桂枝苦(ku)酒湯;譚氏治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)風痰(tan),有(you)石膽散(san)(san)子,俱用(yong)米醋(cu)(cu)(cu)(cu)(cu)入劑,專取(qu)(qu)其(qi)斂(lian)正氣(qi)(qi)(qi),散(san)(san)一(yi)(yi)切惡水血(xue)(xue)痰(tan)之(zhi)妙用(yong)也(ye)。"⑤《本草求真(zhen)》:"米醋(cu)(cu)(cu)(cu)(cu),酸(suan)(suan)主(zhu)(zhu)斂(lian),故書多(duo)載散(san)(san)瘀解毒(du)(du)(du)(du),下(xia)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)消(xiao)食(shi)(shi)。且同木香磨(mo)服,則(ze)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)心腹血(xue)(xue)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)諸痛;以(yi)(yi)火(huo)淬(cui)醋(cu)(cu)(cu)(cu)(cu)入鼻,則(ze)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)產(chan)后血(xue)(xue)暈(yun);且合外(wai)(wai)科(ke)藥(yao)敷,則(ze)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)癥結(jie)痰(tan)癖(pi)、疸黃(huang)癰(yong)(yong)腫(zhong);暨口(kou)漱以(yi)(yi)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)舌瘡;面涂(tu)以(yi)(yi)散(san)(san)損(sun)傷(shang)積(ji)(ji)血(xue)(xue),及殺(sha)魚肉(rou)(rou)菜(cai)草諸毒(du)(du)(du)(du)。至醋(cu)(cu)(cu)(cu)(cu)既酸(suan)(suan)(收(shou)),又(you)云(yun)能散(san)(san)癰(yong)(yong)腫(zhong)者,以(yi)(yi)消(xiao)則(ze)內散(san)(san),潰則(ze)外(wai)(wai)散(san)(san),收(shou)處(chu)即是(shi)散(san)(san)處(chu)故耳。"

摘錄 : 《中藥大辭(ci)典》

《中華本草》:醋

拼音注音 :

別名 : 苦酒、酰(xian)、淳酢、米醋

英文名 : vinegar

出處 : 出自(zi)《名醫別(bie)錄(lu)》;1.陶弘景:酢(zuo)(zuo)酒為用(yong),無所不(bu)入(ru),愈久愈良。以(yi)有苦(ku)味,俗呼苦(ku)酒。2.《唐本草(cao)》:酢(zuo)(zuo)有數(shu)種,此言(yan)米酢(zuo)(zuo),若蜜酢(zuo)(zuo)、麥(mai)酢(zuo)(zuo)、曲酢(zuo)(zuo)、桃酢(zuo)(zuo),葡(pu)萄、大棗、等(deng)諸雜(za)果(guo)酢(zuo)(zuo)及糠糟等(deng)酢(zuo)(zuo),會意者亦極酸烈,止(zhi)可啖之,不(bu)可入(ru)藥用(yong)也(ye)。3.《本草(cao)拾(shi)遺》:藥中用(yong)之,當取(qu)二、三年(nian)醋(cu)良。4.《綱目》:米醋(cu),三伏(fu)時用(yong)倉米一斗,淘(tao)凈蒸(zheng)飯,攤冷意黃,曬簸,水(shui)淋(lin)凈。別(bie)以(yi)倉米二斗蒸(zheng)飯,和勻(yun)入(ru)甕,以(yi)水(shui)淹過,密(mi)封

來源 : 藥(yao)材基(ji)源:為用高(gao)梁(liang)、米(mi)、大麥、小(xiao)米(mi)、玉(yu)米(mi)或(huo)低(di)度白(bai)酒(jiu)為原料(liao)釀制(zhi)而成的(de)含有乙酸(suan)(suan)的(de)液體。亦有用食用冰醋(cu)酸(suan)(suan)加水和著色料(liao)配成,不(bu)加著色料(liao)即成白(bai)醋(cu)。拉(la)丁植物動物礦物名(ming):vinegar

化學成分 : 醋含乙(yi)(yi)酸(suan)(acetic acid),含量3%-5%;還含高(gao)級醇類(lei),3-羥基(ji)丁(ding)酮(acetoin), 二(er)羥基(ji)丙酮(dihydroxyacetone),酪醇(tyrosol), 乙(yi)(yi)醛(acetaldehyde), 甲(jia)醛(formaldehyde), 乙(yi)(yi)縮醛(acetal), 琥珀(po)酸(suan)(succinic acid), 草酸(suan)(oxalic acid)及山(shan)梨糖(sorbose)等。

藥理作用 : 1.殺蟲作用 體(ti)外試(shi)驗,0.125%-0.25%乙酸(suan)與原(yuan)頭(tou)蚴(you)(you)接(jie)觸后(hou)(hou)可在2-3min內出現皮層起(qi)泡,起(qi)刺,皮層分(fen)離,溶解(jie)及蟲體(ti)發暗,鈣粒減少等(deng)形態結構變(bian)化。5-10min內可達到100%殺死(si)原(yuan)頭(tou)蚴(you)(you)的效果。原(yuan)頭(tou)蚴(you)(you)經(jing)藥液處(chu)理10min后(hou)(hou),給小鼠腹(fu)腔接(jie)種,均未發育成棘球(qiu)(qiu)坳。2.抗菌、抗病毒(du)作用 乙酸(suan)對甲型鏈球(qiu)(qiu)菌、卡(ka)他(ta)球(qiu)(qiu)菌、肺炎(yan)鏈球(qiu)(qiu)菌、白色葡(pu)萄球(qiu)(qiu)菌、流感病毒(du)等(deng)致病菌,有很(hen)好的抑菌和殺菌作用。

歸經 : 肝;胃(wei);經

性味 : 酸;甘;溫

注意 : 脾胃(wei)濕重(zhong),痿痹、筋脈攣(luan)者慎服。

功能主治 : 散瘀消(xiao)積;止(zhi)血(xue);安蛔;解(jie)毒。主產后血(xue)暈;癥瘕積聚;吐(tu)血(xue);衄血(xue);便血(xue);蟲積腹痛;魚肉菜毒;癰(yong)腫瘡毒

用法用量 : 內服:煎湯,10-30ml;或(huo)浸漬(zi);或(huo)拌制。外用:適量,含漱;或(huo)調藥敷;或(huo)熏(xun)蒸(zheng);或(huo)浸洗。

復方 : ①治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)產后(hou)血暈:用鐵(tie)器燒(shao)紅,更選淬醋(cu)(cu)中(zhong),就病人之(zhi)鼻以(yi)(yi)熏之(zhi)。(《隨(sui)息居(ju)飲食(shi)(shi)譜》)②治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)切(qie)積聚,不(bu)(bu)(bu)拘遠年近日皆(jie)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)之(zhi):京三棱四兩(liang)(liang)(醋(cu)(cu)煮(zhu),切(qie)片,曬干)川葦二兩(liang)(liang)(醋(cu)(cu)煮(zhu),微軟,切(qie)片),大(da)黃(huang)半(ban)(ban)兩(liang)(liang)(醋(cu)(cu)濕(shi)紙(zhi)裹,火煨過(guo))。上三味(wei),同為(wei)末,水(shui)煮(zhu)和為(wei)丸(wan),如(ru)桐子(zi)(zi)大(da)。每服(fu)(fu)三十(shi)丸(wan),溫水(shui)送下,不(bu)(bu)(bu)拘時候。病甚者一(yi)月(yue)效(xiao),輕(qing)者半(ban)(ban)月(yue)效(xiao)。(《普濟方(fang)(fang)》醋(cu)(cu)煮(zhu)三棱九)③治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)癥瘕:鱉甲(jia)、訶(he)子(zi)(zi)皮、干姜各等分(fen)。為(wei)末,醋(cu)(cu)糊丸(wan),梧子(zi)(zi)大(da),每三十(shi)丸(wan),空心(xin)自湯下。(《醫(yi)學入門》醋(cu)(cu)鱉丸(wan))④洽過(guo)食(shi)(shi)魚(yu)腥、生冷水(shui)菜果實成積者:生姜搗爛,和米(mi)醋(cu)(cu)調食(shi)(shi)之(zhi)。(《日華(hua)子(zi)(zi)本草(cao)》)⑤治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)黃(huang)汗病,身體腫,發熱,汗出而(er)渴,狀如(ru)風水(shui),汗沾(zhan)衣,色(se)正黃(huang)如(ru)檗汁,脈(mo)自沉,以(yi)(yi)汗出入水(shui)中(zhong)浴,水(shui)從(cong)汗孔入得之(zhi):黃(huang)芪(qi)五兩(liang)(liang),芍藥三兩(liang)(liang),桂枝(zhi)三兩(liang)(liang)。上三昧(mei),以(yi)(yi)苦(ku)酒(jiu)(jiu)一(yi)升,水(shui)七升相和,煮(zhu)取三升,溫服(fu)(fu)一(yi)升,當心(xin)煩(fan),服(fu)(fu)至六(liu)、七日乃解。著心(xin)煩(fan)不(bu)(bu)(bu)止(zhi)者,以(yi)(yi)苦(ku)酒(jiu)(jiu)阻(zu)故(gu)也(ye)。(《金匱要略》黃(huang)芪(qi)芍藥桂枝(zhi)苦(ku)酒(jiu)(jiu)湯)⑥治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)鼻血出不(bu)(bu)(bu)止(zhi):酢和胡粉半(ban)(ban)棗(zao)許(xu)服(fu)(fu)。(《千(qian)(qian)金方(fang)(fang)》)⑦治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)疝氣(qi)沖(chong)痛:青皮、小茴香各五錢,以(yi)(yi)米(mi)醋(cu)(cu)一(yi)碗(wan)煮(zhu)干,加水(shui)二碗(wan),煎八分(fen),溫和服(fu)(fu)。(《林氏家抄(chao)方(fang)(fang)》)⑧治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)霍亂轉筋入腹:酢煮(zhu)青布塌之(zhi),冷復易之(zhi)。(《千(qian)(qian)金方(fang)(fang)》)⑨治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)癰疽初起:生附子(zi)(zi),以(yi)(yi)米(mi)醋(cu)(cu)磨(mo)稠計,圍四畔(pan),一(yi)日上十(shi)余(yu)(yu)次(ci)。(《方(fang)(fang)脈(mo)正宗》)⑩治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)諸腫毒醋(cu)(cu)凋大(da)黃(huang)末涂。(《隨(sui)息居(ju)飲食(shi)(shi)譜》)11治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乳(ru)癰堅:以(yi)(yi)罐盛醋(cu)(cu),燒(shao)石令熱納(na)中(zhong),沸(fei)止(zhi),更燒(shao)如(ru)前,少(shao)(shao)熱,納(na)乳(ru)漬之(zhi),冷更燒(shao)石納(na)漬。(《千(qian)(qian)金方(fang)(fang)》)12治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)少(shao)(shao)陰病,咽中(zhong)傷(shang)生瘡(chuang),不(bu)(bu)(bu)能語言,聲不(bu)(bu)(bu)出者:半(ban)(ban)夏(xia)(xia)(洗(xi)、被如(ru)棗(zao)核)十(shi)四枚,雞子(zi)(zi)一(yi)枚(去(qu)黃(huang),納(na)苦(ku)酒(jiu)(jiu),著雞子(zi)(zi)殼(ke)中(zhong))。上二味(wei)納(na)半(ban)(ban)夏(xia)(xia)著苦(ku)酒(jiu)(jiu)中(zhong),以(yi)(yi)雞子(zi)(zi)殼(ke)置刀環中(zhong),安火上,令三沸(fei),去(qu)滓,少(shao)(shao)少(shao)(shao)含咽之(zhi),不(bu)(bu)(bu)瘥,更作(zuo)三劑。(《傷(shang)寒論》苦(ku)酒(jiu)(jiu)湯)13治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)鎖喉風,脹悶不(bu)(bu)(bu)通:土牛膝搗汁半(ban)(ban)碗(wan),加入真米(mi)醋(cu)(cu)半(ban)(ban)碗(wan),用鵝毛翎尖挑少(shao)(shao)許(xu)入喉中(zhong),隨(sui)吐涎痰,逐挑十(shi)余(yu)(yu)次(ci),吐痰碗(wan)許(xu)即通。(《本草(cao)匯言》)14治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)牙齒疼(teng)痛:米(mi)醋(cu)(cu)煮(zhu)枸(gou)杞白皮一(yi)升,取半(ban)(ban)升,含漱(shu),(《肘后(hou)方(fang)(fang)》)15治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)牙疼(teng):陳醋(cu)(cu)四兩(liang)(liang),花椒二錢。水(shui)煎,去(qu)椒含漱(shu)。(內蒙古《中(zhong)草(cao)藥新醫(yi)療法(fa)資(zi)料選編》)16治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)湯火傷(shang):醋(cu)(cu)淋(lin)洗(xi)。(《隨(sui)息居(ju)飲食(shi)(shi)譜》)

臨床應用 : 1.預防流(liu)(liu)行(xing)(xing)(xing)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)感(gan)冒、流(liu)(liu)行(xing)(xing)(xing)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)腦脊(ji)髓(sui)(sui)炎(yan)(yan):關閉門(men)窗,取(qu)適量醋(cu)(每(mei)(mei)(mei)立(li)(li)方米(mi)空間(jian)用(yong)(yong)2—10ml)用(yong)(yong)1-2倍水(shui)稀釋(shi)后(hou)(hou)加(jia)(jia)(jia)熱蒸熏(xun),次(ci) l小(xiao)時(shi),每(mei)(mei)(mei)日(ri)或(huo)隔日(ri)1次(ci),連(lian)(lian)續3-6天(tian)。某年春冬,某部(bu)隊(dui)(dui)先后(hou)(hou)有(you)13個(ge)連(lian)(lian)隊(dui)(dui)發生流(liu)(liu)感(gan),其中(zhong)12個(ge)連(lian)(lian)隊(dui)(dui)經用(yong)(yong)此(ci)法(fa)后(hou)(hou)第(di)(di)2天(tian)即(ji)(ji)抑(yi)制了流(liu)(liu)行(xing)(xing)(xing);而另一連(lian)(lian)隊(dui)(dui)未曾應(ying)用(yong)(yong),結(jie)果2天(tian)后(hou)(hou)有(you)60%的(de)人染病(bing),于(yu)第(di)(di)3天(tian)應(ying)用(yong)(yong)此(ci)法(fa)后(hou)(hou)便很快控制了蔓延。此(ci)外,在(zai)流(liu)(liu)腦流(liu)(liu)行(xing)(xing)(xing)湖間(jian),鴨對84名帶菌(jun)(jun)(jun)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)行(xing)(xing)(xing)食(shi)酣熬(ao)照,每(mei)(mei)(mei)日(ri)2次(ci),連(lian)(lian)續10天(tian),結(jie)果帶菌(jun)(jun)(jun)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)全部(bu)轉為陰(yin)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。經試驗,食(shi)醋(cu)蒸熏(xun)對流(liu)(liu)感(gan)病(bing)毒具有(you)良(liang)好的(de)殺(sha)滅作用(yong)(yong),同時(shi)食(shi)醋(cu)對中(zhong)型鏈(lian)球菌(jun)(jun)(jun)、卡他球菌(jun)(jun)(jun)、肺(fei)炎(yan)(yan)雙球菌(jun)(jun)(jun)、白(bai)色(se)葡萄球菌(jun)(jun)(jun)及(ji)流(liu)(liu)感(gan)桿菌(jun)(jun)(jun)等(deng)(deng)(deng)5種(zhong)細菌(jun)(jun)(jun)也有(you)殺(sha)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)作用(yong)(yong)。2.治(zhi)療(liao)急、慢(man)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)傳染性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)肝炎(yan)(yan):取(qu)米(mi)醋(cu)2斤,鮮豬骨(gu)1斤,紅、白(bai)糖各4兩,置鍋內(nei)(nei)共(gong)煮(不(bu)加(jia)(jia)(jia)水(shui)),至(zhi)沸(fei)后(hou)(hou)30分鐘取(qu)出過濾。成(cheng)(cheng)人每(mei)(mei)(mei)次(ci)30—40ml,小(xiao)兒(5一10歲)10一15ml,每(mei)(mei)(mei)日(ri)3次(ci)飯(fan)后(hou)(hou)服(fu)。1個(ge)月為一療(liao)程(cheng)(cheng),慢(man)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)可(ke)服(fu)2—3個(ge)療(liao)程(cheng)(cheng)。對有(you)高熱者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)中(zhong)適用(yong)(yong)。據3例(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)觀(guan)察(cha),服(fu)藥40-60天(tian)后(hou)(hou)均(jun)(jun)告恢復。3.治(zhi)療(liao)膽道蛔(hui)蟲病(bing):按年齡大小(xiao)頓服(fu)酸(suan)(suan)醋(cu)30-50ml或(huo)更(geng)多,以(yi)(yi)后(hou)(hou)視情況可(ke)再(zai)次(ci)服(fu)用(yong)(yong),直至(zhi)不(bu)痛(tong)(tong)為止。在(zai)疼痛(tong)(tong)明(ming)顯減輕的(de)當天(tian)或(huo)次(ci)日(ri),按常規服(fu)用(yong)(yong)驅蟲藥物。觀(guan)察(cha)15例(li)(li)(li)(li)(li),服(fu)藥總量為300-500ml;結(jie)果12例(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)于(yu)兩天(tian)內(nei)(nei)完全止痛(tong)(tong),3例(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)在(zai)3天(tian)溶(rong)痛(tong)(tong)亦完全解除。4.治(zhi)療(liao)蟯蟲病(bing):用(yong)(yong)食(shi)醋(cu)灌(guan)腸治(zhi)療(liao)58例(li)(li)(li)(li)(li),經 l—3次(ci)即(ji)(ji)愈(yu)(yu),無不(bu)良(liang)反應(ying)。方法(fa):將(jiang)(jiang)食(shi)醋(cu)用(yong)(yong)涼開水(shui)(稀釋(shi)(每(mei)(mei)(mei)30ml醋(cu)加(jia)(jia)(jia)涼水(shui)至(zhi)100ml),于(yu)睡眠前(qian)用(yong)(yong)消(xiao)毒導尿管一根插(cha)入(ru)(ru)肛門(men)內(nei)(nei)約20cm,然后(hou)(hou)以(yi)(yi)消(xiao)毒注射器將(jiang)(jiang)藥液(ye)注入(ru)(ru)腸內(nei)(nei),每(mei)(mei)(mei)次(ci)100—140ml(小(xiao)兒酌減),每(mei)(mei)(mei)日(ri)1次(ci)。5.治(zhi)療(liao)一般外科(ke)炎(yan)(yan)癥:取(qu)食(shi)醋(cu)250ml,置搪瓷(ci)碗中(zhong)加(jia)(jia)(jia)熱,沸(fei)后(hou)(hou)加(jia)(jia)(jia)入(ru)(ru)乳香、沒藥末各6g,邊攪(jiao)拌邊加(jia)(jia)(jia)入(ru)(ru)淀粉(fen)(山(shan)芋粉(fen)亦可(ke))60g,待成(cheng)(cheng)糊狀(zhuang)后(hou)(hou)即(ji)(ji)將(jiang)(jiang)其涂于(yu)牛皮紙上(shang)(面(mian)積應(ying)大于(yu)病(bing)變范(fan)圍,厚約1—1.5cm),候(hou)溫度降至(zhi)50C左右時(shi)敷(fu)于(yu)患(huan)處(chu)(chu),外加(jia)(jia)(jia)三、四層紗(sha)布包扎。如(ru)有(you)傷口,按常規處(chu)(chu)理(li),在(zai)敷(fu)以(yi)(yi)凡士林紗(sha)布后(hou)(hou)再(zai)敷(fu)醋(cu)膏(勿直接(jie)涂于(yu)傷口,以(yi)(yi)免腐蝕(shi)擴大)。凡癤(jie)、癰(yong)、蜂窩織(zhi)炎(yan)(yan)、丹毒、膿腫(zhong)、腮腺炎(yan)(yan)、乳腺炎(yan)(yan)等(deng)(deng)(deng)急性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)炎(yan)(yan)癥皆可(ke)應(ying)用(yong)(yong),對結(jie)核(he)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)炎(yan)(yan)癥及(ji)骨(gu)髓(sui)(sui)炎(yan)(yan)等(deng)(deng)(deng)則(ze)不(bu)適宜。臨床觀(guan)察(cha)50例(li)(li)(li)(li)(li),除5例(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(系寒性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)膿腫(zhong)、喉頭結(jie)核(he)及(ji)骨(gu)髓(sui)(sui)炎(yan)(yan))無效外,均(jun)(jun)獲治(zhi)愈(yu)(yu)。一股在(zai)兩小(xiao)時(shi)后(hou)(hou)疼痛(tong)(tong)開始地輕,廣(guang)刮、時(shi)后(hou)(hou)開始消(xiao)腫(zhong)。治(zhi)愈(yu)(yu)時(shi)間(jian)在(zai)3天(tian)內(nei)(nei)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)16例(li)(li)(li)(li)(li),6天(tian)內(nei)(nei)看20例(li)(li)(li)(li)(li),9天(tian)內(nei)(nei)看7例(li)(li)(li)(li)(li),10天(tian)以(yi)(yi)上(shang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)2例(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)。6.治(zhi)療(liao)石灰燒傷:根據酸(suan)(suan)堿中(zhong)和的(de)原(yuan)理(li),試用(yong)(yong)5%食(shi)醋(cu)溶(rong)液(ye)浸洗患(huan)部(bu),獲得良(liang)好效果。洗后(hou)(hou)患(huan)處(chu)(chu)的(de)灼熱則(ze)病(bing)及(ji)顏(yan)面(mian)潮紅等(deng)(deng)(deng)癥狀(zhuang)能立(li)(li)即(ji)(ji)解除;如(ru)形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)腐蝕(shi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)潰瘍者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe),亦可(ke)自行(xing)(xing)(xing)結(jie)痂愈(yu)(yu)合(he)。

各家論述 : 1.《本(ben)草(cao)衍義(yi)》:醋(cu)(cu),酒糟(zao)(zao)為(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),有(you)米(mi)(mi)(mi)醋(cu)(cu)、麥醋(cu)(cu)、棗醋(cu)(cu)。米(mi)(mi)(mi)醋(cu)(cu)比諸(zhu)醋(cu)(cu)最釅,入藥(yao)多(duo)(duo)(duo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),谷氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)全也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),故勝糟(zao)(zao)醋(cu)(cu)。產(chan)婦居中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)常得醋(cu)(cu)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)則(ze)(ze)(ze)為(wei)佳(jia),醋(cu)(cu)超血(xue)(xue)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。磨雄黃(huang)(huang)涂(tu)蜂繭,亦取其(qi)(qi)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)而(er)不散(san)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。2.《綱(gang)目(mu)(mu)》:大(da)抵醋(cu)(cu)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)諸(zhu)瘡(chuang)(chuang)腫(zhong)(zhong)積(ji)塊(kuai),心(xin)腹疼(teng)痛(tong)(tong),痰(tan)水(shui)血(xue)(xue)病(bing),殺魚(yu)(yu)肉(rou)(rou)菜及(ji)諸(zhu)蟲(chong)素養氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)無非取其(qi)(qi)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意(yi),麗(li)又有(you)散(san)瘀、解(jie)毒(du)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)功(gong)。3.《本(ben)草(cao)經(jing)(jing)疏》:醋(cu)(cu)惟米(mi)(mi)(mi)造者(zhe)入藥(yao),得溫(wen)熱(re)(re)(re)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi),其(qi)(qi)味(wei)(wei)酸(suan)(suan)(suan),氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)無毒(du)。酸(suan)(suan)(suan)入肝(gan),肝(gan)主(zhu)血(xue)(xue),血(xue)(xue)逆熱(re)(re)(re)壅則(ze)(ze)(ze)生癰(yong)腫(zhong)(zhong),酸(suan)(suan)(suan)能(neng)(neng)斂壅熱(re)(re)(re),溫(wen)能(neng)(neng)行(xing)逆血(xue)(xue),故主(zhu)消(xiao)(xiao)癰(yong)腫(zhong)(zhong)。其(qi)(qi)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)產(chan)后(hou)血(xue)(xue)暈(yun),瘕塊(kuai)血(xue)(xue)積(ji),亦此意(yi)耳。散(san)水(shui)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)者(zhe),水(shui)性泛濫,得收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)斂而(er)寧謚也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。殺邪(xie)(xie)毒(du)者(zhe),酸(suan)(suan)(suan)苦涌(yong)瀉(xie),能(neng)(neng)吐出一(yi)切(qie)(qie)(qie)(qie)邪(xie)(xie)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)毒(du)物也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。《日華子》主(zhu)下(xia)(xia)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)除(chu)(chu)煩(fan)(fan),婦人(ren)(ren)(ren)心(xin)痛(tong)(tong)血(xue)(xue)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi),并產(chan)后(hou)及(ji)傷損,金(jin)瘡(chuang)(chuang)出血(xue)(xue),迷悶,殺一(yi)切(qie)(qie)(qie)(qie)魚(yu)(yu)肉(rou)(rou)菜毒(du),取其(qi)(qi)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)麗(li)又有(you)數瘋解(jie)毒(du)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)功(gong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),故外科(ke)敷藥(yao)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)多(duo)(duo)(duo)資用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。經(jing)(jing)曰,酸(suan)(suan)(suan)走(zou)筋,筋病(bing)毋(wu)多(duo)(duo)(duo)食(shi)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)。凡(fan)筋攣偏痹,手足屈伸不便(bian),皆忌之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。又曰,味(wei)(wei)過于(yu)(yu)酸(suan)(suan)(suan),肝(gan)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)以(yi)(yi)律,脾氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)乃(nai)絕(jue),多(duo)(duo)(duo)食(shi)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)則(ze)(ze)(ze)肉(rou)(rou)皺而(er)唇揭。言能(neng)(neng)助(zhu)肝(gan)賊脾,凡(fan)脾病(bing)者(zhe)亦不宜(yi)過。4.《本(ben)草(cao)匯言》:醋(cu)(cu),解(jie)熱(re)(re)(re)毒(du),消(xiao)(xiao)癰(yong)腫(zhong)(zhong),化一(yi)切(qie)(qie)(qie)(qie)魚(yu)(yu)腥水(shui)菜諸(zhu)積(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)藥(yao)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。林(lin)氏(shi)(shi)曰,醋(cu)(cu)主(zhu)收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou),醋(cu)(cu)得酸(suan)(suan)(suan)味(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)正也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),直入厥(jue)陰肝(gan)經(jing)(jing),散(san)邪(xie)(xie)斂正,故藏(zang)器方治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)產(chan)后(hou)血(xue)(xue)脹、血(xue)(xue)暈(yun),及(ji)一(yi)切(qie)(qie)(qie)(qie)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)惡邪(xie)(xie)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi),率時昏冒者(zhe),以(yi)(yi)大(da)炭火入燙習(xi),內(nei)以(yi)(yi)解(jie)米(mi)(mi)(mi)臘沃之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),酸(suan)(suan)(suan)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)遍室中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),血(xue)(xue)行(xing)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)通(tong)痰(tan)下(xia)(xia),而(er)神(shen)自清矣。凡(fan)諸(zhu)藥(yao)宜(yi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)肝(gan)者(zhe),須(xu)以(yi)(yi)醋(cu)(cu)拌(ban)炒制,應病(bing)如神(shen)。又仲(zhong)景《金(jin)匱要略》治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)黃(huang)(huang)汗,有(you)黃(huang)(huang)曹白芍桂枝苦酒湯;譚氏(shi)(shi)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)風痰(tan),有(you)石膽(dan)散(san)子,俱用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)米(mi)(mi)(mi)醋(cu)(cu)入劑,專取其(qi)(qi)斂正氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi),散(san)一(yi)切(qie)(qie)(qie)(qie)惡水(shui)血(xue)(xue)痰(tan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)妙用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。5.《本(ben)草(cao)求真》:米(mi)(mi)(mi)醋(cu)(cu),酸(suan)(suan)(suan)主(zhu)斂,故書多(duo)(duo)(duo)載散(san)瘋解(jie)毒(du),下(xia)(xia)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)消(xiao)(xiao)食(shi)。且同木香磨服,則(ze)(ze)(ze)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)心(xin)腹血(xue)(xue)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)諸(zhu)病(bing):以(yi)(yi)火淬醋(cu)(cu)入鼻,則(ze)(ze)(ze)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)產(chan)后(hou)血(xue)(xue)暈(yun);月合外科(ke)藥(yao)敷,則(ze)(ze)(ze)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)瘕結(jie)痰(tan)癖、疸黃(huang)(huang)癰(yong)腫(zhong)(zhong);暨口漱以(yi)(yi)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)舌瘡(chuang)(chuang);面涂(tu)以(yi)(yi)敬損傷積(ji)血(xue)(xue),及(ji)殺魚(yu)(yu)肉(rou)(rou)萊蕈諧毒(du)、至醋(cu)(cu)既酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)),又云能(neng)(neng)散(san)癰(yong)腫(zhong)(zhong)者(zhe),以(yi)(yi)消(xiao)(xiao)則(ze)(ze)(ze)內(nei)散(san),漬則(ze)(ze)(ze)外散(san),收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)處即(ji)是(shi)散(san)處故耳。6.《別錄(lu)》:消(xiao)(xiao)癰(yong)腫(zhong)(zhong),散(san)水(shui)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi),殺邪(xie)(xie)毒(du)。7.《千金(jin)·食(shi)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)》:治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)血(xue)(xue)運(yun)(yun)(yun)。8.《本(ben)草(cao)拾(shi)遺》:破(po)(po)血(xue)(xue)運(yun)(yun)(yun),除(chu)(chu)癥(zheng)塊(kuai)堅積(ji),消(xiao)(xiao)食(shi),殺惡毒(du),破(po)(po)結(jie)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi),心(xin)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)水(shui)痰(tan)飲。9.《日華子本(ben)草(cao)》:治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)產(chan)后(hou)婦人(ren)(ren)(ren)并傷損,及(ji)金(jin)瘡(chuang)(chuang)血(xue)(xue)運(yun)(yun)(yun);下(xia)(xia)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)除(chu)(chu)煩(fan)(fan),破(po)(po)癥(zheng)結(jie)。治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)婦人(ren)(ren)(ren)心(xin)痛(tong)(tong),助(zhu)諸(zhu)藥(yao)力(li),殺一(yi)切(qie)(qie)(qie)(qie)魚(yu)(yu)肉(rou)(rou)菜毒(du)。10.《本(ben)草(cao)衍義(yi)》:益(yi)血(xue)(xue)。11.《注(zhu)解(jie)傷寒論即(ji)斂咽瘡(chuang)(chuang)。12.《綱(gang)目(mu)(mu)》:散(san)瘀血(xue)(xue)。治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)黃(huang)(huang)疸、黃(huang)(huang)汗。13.《本(ben)草(cao)備(bei)要》:散(san)瘀,解(jie)毒(du),下(xia)(xia)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)消(xiao)(xiao)食(shi),開(kai)胃氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。14.《醫林(lin)簍(lou)妥》瀉(xie)肝(gan),收(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)心(xin)。治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)率昏,醒(xing)睡夢;補肺,發(fa)音聲;殺魚(yu)(yu)蟲(chong)諸(zhu)毒(du),伏蛔。15.《會約醫鏡(jing)》:治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)腸滑瀉(xie)痢。16.《本(ben)草(cao)再新(xin)》:生用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)可以(yi)(yi)消(xiao)(xiao)諸(zhu)毒(du),行(xing)濕氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi);制用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)可宣陽,可平肝(gan),斂氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)鎮(zhen)風,散(san)邪(xie)(xie)發(fa)汗。17.《隨息居飲食(shi)譜》:開(kai)胃,養肝(gan),強筋,暖(nuan)骨(gu),醒(xing)酒,消(xiao)(xiao)食(shi),下(xia)(xia)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)辟邪(xie)(xie),解(jie)魚(yu)(yu)蟹鱗諸(zhu)毒(du)。18.《現代實用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)》:用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)結(jie)核(he)病(bing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)盜汗,為(wei)止汗藥(yao);又傷寒癥(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)腸出血(xue)(xue),為(wei)止血(xue)(xue)藥(yao)。

摘錄 : 《中華本草》

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