吉吝厲悔咎兇《易經》爻(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)辭顯示著一(yi)種(zhong)價值取(qu)向,它(ta)將(jiang)人(ren)們的(de)(de)行(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)進行(xing)(xing)吉(ji)(ji)(ji)、兇(xiong)、悔(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)、吝(lin)、厲(li)、無咎(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)等(deng)的(de)(de)劃分,認為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)人(ren)們得(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)到(dao)(dao)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)利(li)(li)(li)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)人(ren)的(de)(de)生(sheng)命(ming)(ming)發展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)、失去有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)人(ren)的(de)(de)生(sheng)命(ming)(ming)發展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)吉(ji)(ji)(ji),人(ren)們得(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)到(dao)(dao)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)人(ren)的(de)(de)生(sheng)命(ming)(ming)發展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)、失去有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)利(li)(li)(li)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)人(ren)的(de)(de)生(sheng)命(ming)(ming)發展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)兇(xiong),悔(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)是(shi)人(ren)們沒(mei)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)獲得(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)利(li)(li)(li)益時(shi)的(de)(de)心理感受(shou)(shou),吝(lin)是(shi)人(ren)們沒(mei)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)避免傷害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)時(shi)的(de)(de)心理感受(shou)(shou)。推而(er)廣之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),整(zheng)個《易經》中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)價值判斷用(yong)語都是(shi)對人(ren)們利(li)(li)(li)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)得(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)失關系的(de)(de)描述。(1)吉(ji)(ji)(ji):得(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)、利(li)(li)(li)。(2)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)吉(ji)(ji)(ji):大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)得(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)、大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)利(li)(li)(li)。(3)元吉(ji)(ji)(ji):除有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)吉(ji)(ji)(ji)意思外,還(huan)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)一(yi)開(kai)始就得(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)吉(ji)(ji)(ji)利(li)(li)(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)義。(4)初吉(ji)(ji)(ji):吉(ji)(ji)(ji)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)初吉(ji)(ji)(ji)、中(zhong)(zhong)吉(ji)(ji)(ji)、終(zhong)吉(ji)(ji)(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)分,實為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)事(shi)(shi)情的(de)(de)階段之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)分。吝(lin):(1)吝(lin):沒(mei)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)得(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)到(dao)(dao)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)時(shi)的(de)(de)小失、其(qi)事(shi)(shi)難(nan)(nan)(nan)行(xing)(xing),或(huo)(huo)遭艱(jian)難(nan)(nan)(nan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)(shi)。(2)小吝(lin):遭遇小的(de)(de)艱(jian)難(nan)(nan)(nan)。(3)終(zhong)吝(lin):畢競艱(jian)難(nan)(nan)(nan),最后(hou)(hou)還(huan)是(shi)難(nan)(nan)(nan)。厲(li):(1)厲(li):得(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)小失大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)、利(li)(li)(li)小害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)、危(wei)險。悔(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)恨。(2)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)厲(li):有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)危(wei)險。悔(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui):(1)悔(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui):沒(mei)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)得(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)到(dao)(dao)利(li)(li)(li)時(shi)的(de)(de)小失,后(hou)(hou)悔(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)、(2)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)悔(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui):有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)悔(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)恨。(3)無悔(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui):沒(mei)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)悔(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)恨。(4)悔(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)亡:悔(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)恨消失,通常指(zhi)(zhi)卦(gua)變(bian)前有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)悔(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui),卦(gua)變(bian)后(hou)(hou)其(qi)悔(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)不(bu)再存在,所(suo)以(yi)叫(jiao)做(zuo)(zuo)“悔(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)咎(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu):(1)咎(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu):過(guo)(guo)(guo)咎(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)、咎(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)。比(bi)悔(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)重,比(bi)兇(xiong)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)輕。(2)無咎(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu):無利(li)(li)(li)無害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)、無得(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)無失,沒(mei)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)過(guo)(guo)(guo)咎(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)。雖(sui)似(si)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)咎(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu),但有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)善(shan)(shan)德(de)(de),善(shan)(shan)能(neng)補過(guo)(guo)(guo),所(suo)以(yi)沒(mei)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)過(guo)(guo)(guo)咎(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)。(3)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)咎(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu):將(jiang)成(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)咎(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)。(4)匪(fei)咎(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu):指(zhi)(zhi)此非咎(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)。(5)何(he)咎(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu):不(bu)至于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)咎(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)。兇(xiong):(1)兇(xiong):失、害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)。(2)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)兇(xiong):大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)失、大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)。(3)終(zhong)兇(xiong):其(qi)事(shi)(shi)結果(guo)終(zhong)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)兇(xiong)。(4)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)兇(xiong):有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)災禍(huo)。利(li)(li)(li)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)攸(you)(you)往(wang)、利(li)(li)(li)涉大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)川(chuan)、利(li)(li)(li)見大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)人(ren)攸(you)(you)往(wang),即有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)所(suo)往(wang),指(zhi)(zhi)嘗試去做(zuo)(zuo)成(cheng)(cheng)某(mou)件事(shi)(shi)。利(li)(li)(li)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)攸(you)(you)往(wang),是(shi)利(li)(li)(li)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)去做(zuo)(zuo)成(cheng)(cheng)其(qi)事(shi)(shi);不(bu)利(li)(li)(li)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)攸(you)(you)往(wang)則是(shi)不(bu)利(li)(li)(li)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)去做(zuo)(zuo)事(shi)(shi)。利(li)(li)(li)涉大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)川(chuan),即利(li)(li)(li)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)涉渡(du)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)河。古時(shi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)川(chuan)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)水為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)險的(de)(de)象(xiang)征,故(gu)利(li)(li)(li)涉大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)川(chuan)代(dai)表了(le)利(li)(li)(li)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)涉大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)險。利(li)(li)(li)見大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)人(ren),“見”同“現”,利(li)(li)(li)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)人(ren)物(wu)(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)出現。“大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)人(ren)物(wu)(wu)(wu)”,指(zhi)(zhi)極其(qi)偉大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)的(de)(de)人(ren)物(wu)(wu)(wu),比(bi)如大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)德(de)(de)圣明(ming)的(de)(de)帝王。孚(fu)、志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、尚、喜、慶孚(fu),誠信。有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)孚(fu),指(zhi)(zhi)陰(yin)(yin)爻(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)與(yu)(yu)陽(yang)(yang)爻(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)間密切相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)應(ying)或(huo)(huo)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)承之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)情形。志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),指(zhi)(zhi)陰(yin)(yin)爻(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)陽(yang)(yang)爻(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)間相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)互向往(wang)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)合(he)(he)的(de)(de)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)向。陰(yin)(yin)爻(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)陽(yang)(yang)爻(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)能(neng)夠相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)合(he)(he),為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)(xing)。陰(yin)(yin)爻(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)陽(yang)(yang)爻(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)無法相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)合(he)(he),為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)未(wei)得(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。陰(yin)(yin)爻(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)陽(yang)(yang)爻(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)應(ying)但受(shou)(shou)阻(zu)而(er)不(bu)能(neng)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)合(he)(he),為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)窮。陰(yin)(yin)爻(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)陽(yang)(yang)爻(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)孚(fu)而(er)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)合(he)(he),為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)信志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)或(huo)(huo)信以(yi)發志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。所(suo)“志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”的(de)(de)陰(yin)(yin)爻(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)陽(yang)(yang)爻(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)在卦(gua)變(bian)中(zhong)(zhong)沒(mei)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)變(bian)化,為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)未(wei)變(bian)”。陽(yang)(yang)爻(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)得(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)到(dao)(dao)陰(yin)(yin)爻(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)來歸(gui)附,為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)得(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。陽(yang)(yang)爻(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)得(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)到(dao)(dao)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)量陰(yin)(yin)爻(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)來歸(gui)附,為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)得(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。陽(yang)(yang)爻(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)切不(bu)可(ke)與(yu)(yu)所(suo)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)陰(yin)(yin)爻(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)孚(fu),為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)正(zheng)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)或(huo)(huo)固志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。尚,髙(gao)尚的(de)(de)德(de)(de)行(xing)(xing)。陽(yang)(yang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)德(de)(de),居(ju)上卦(gua)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)高,故(gu)陽(yang)(yang)爻(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)居(ju)上卦(gua)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“尚”字(zi)取(qu)象(xiang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)源(yuan)。此外還(huan)可(ke)作動詞用(yong),為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)崇尚之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)義。或(huo)(huo)作副詞用(yong),為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)還(huan)在、仍(reng)然之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)義。喜和慶都表示吉(ji)(ji)(ji)、善(shan)(shan),往(wang)往(wang)用(yong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)描述陰(yin)(yin)陽(yang)(yang)得(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)以(yi)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)合(he)(he)的(de)(de)喜慶。慶之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)程(cheng)度較喜略高。
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