中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫藥(yao)(yao)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)遠(yuan)(yuan)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)教(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)示(shi)(shi)(shi)范(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)課(ke)(ke)(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)VCD光(guang)(guang)盤(pan)系(xi)(xi)列(lie)(lie)(lie)(lie) 中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫藥(yao)(yao)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)遠(yuan)(yuan)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)教(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)示(shi)(shi)(shi)范(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)課(ke)(ke)(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)VCD光(guang)(guang)盤(pan)系(xi)(xi)列(lie)(lie)(lie)(lie) 中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫藥(yao)(yao)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)遠(yuan)(yuan)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)教(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)示(shi)(shi)(shi)范(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)課(ke)(ke)(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)VCD光(guang)(guang)盤(pan)系(xi)(xi)列(lie)(lie)(lie)(lie) 中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫藥(yao)(yao)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)遠(yuan)(yuan)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)教(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)示(shi)(shi)(shi)范(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)課(ke)(ke)(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)VCD光(guang)(guang)盤(pan)系(xi)(xi)列(lie)(lie)(lie)(lie) 中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫藥(yao)(yao)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)遠(yuan)(yuan)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)教(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)示(shi)(shi)(shi)范(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)課(ke)(ke)(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)VCD光(guang)(guang)盤(pan)系(xi)(xi)列(lie)(lie)(lie)(lie) 中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫藥(yao)(yao)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)遠(yuan)(yuan)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)教(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)示(shi)(shi)(shi)范(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)課(ke)(ke)(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)VCD光(guang)(guang)盤(pan)系(xi)(xi)列(lie)(lie)(lie)(lie) 中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫藥(yao)(yao)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)遠(yuan)(yuan)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)教(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)示(shi)(shi)(shi)范(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)課(ke)(ke)(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)VCD光(guang)(guang)盤(pan)系(xi)(xi)列(lie)(lie)(lie)(lie) 中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫藥(yao)(yao)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)遠(yuan)(yuan)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)教(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)示(shi)(shi)(shi)范(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)課(ke)(ke)(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)VCD光(guang)(guang)盤(pan)系(xi)(xi)列(lie)(lie)(lie)(lie) 中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫藥(yao)(yao)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)遠(yuan)(yuan)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)教(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)示(shi)(shi)(shi)范(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)課(ke)(ke)(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)VCD光(guang)(guang)盤(pan)系(xi)(xi)列(lie)(lie)(lie)(lie) 中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫藥(yao)(yao)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)遠(yuan)(yuan)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)教(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)示(shi)(shi)(shi)范(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)課(ke)(ke)(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)VCD光(guang)(guang)盤(pan)系(xi)(xi)列(lie)(lie)(lie)(lie) 中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫藥(yao)(yao)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)遠(yuan)(yuan)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)教(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)示(shi)(shi)(shi)范(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)課(ke)(ke)(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)VCD光(guang)(guang)盤(pan)系(xi)(xi)列(lie)(lie)(lie)(lie) 中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫藥(yao)(yao)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)遠(yuan)(yuan)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)教(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)示(shi)(shi)(shi)范(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)課(ke)(ke)(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)VCD光(guang)(guang)盤(pan)系(xi)(xi)列(lie)(lie)(lie)(lie) 中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫藥(yao)(yao)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)遠(yuan)(yuan)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)教(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)示(shi)(shi)(shi)范(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)課(ke)(ke)(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)VCD光(guang)(guang)盤(pan)系(xi)(xi)列(lie)(lie)(lie)(lie) 中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫藥(yao)(yao)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)遠(yuan)(yuan)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)教(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)示(shi)(shi)(shi)范(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)課(ke)(ke)(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)VCD光(guang)(guang)盤(pan)系(xi)(xi)列(lie)(lie)(lie)(lie) 中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫藥(yao)(yao)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)遠(yuan)(yuan)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)教(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)示(shi)(shi)(shi)范(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)課(ke)(ke)(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)VCD光(guang)(guang)盤(pan)系(xi)(xi)列(lie)(lie)(lie)(lie) 中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫藥(yao)(yao)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)遠(yuan)(yuan)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)教(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)示(shi)(shi)(shi)范(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)課(ke)(ke)(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)VCD光(guang)(guang)盤(pan)系(xi)(xi)列(lie)(lie)(lie)(lie)
高等中醫教育自建立以來,從無到有,逐漸形成了初步的教學體系,在中醫藥高級人才培養工作中取得了很大成績。但是,高等中醫院校現行的中醫基礎理論教學在內容和形式方面還存在系統性、規范性不強,學科之間界限不清以及有些課程設置不合理等問題。市場上的中醫教材也有很多不盡如人意之處,如概念不嚴謹、體例陳舊等,教材內容重復、雷同甚至矛盾的問題也很突出。
高等學校的教材建設是學科建設和教學改革的重要內容,高質量的中醫教材更是保證中醫教育質量的基石。本期,本報特別邀請了相關專業的教師、學生和出版社編輯談了他們使用教材的一些 心得體會
教材格局值得稱道
評《針灸醫籍選讀》
侯中偉
中國中醫藥出版社出版的《針灸醫籍選讀》是普通高等教育“十一五”國家級規劃教材,也是新世紀全國高等中醫藥院校規劃教材。由山東中醫藥大學吳富東教授主編,北京、上海、湖南等多家高等中醫院校共同編纂而成。目前,本教材在中醫高等教育事業針灸課程的體系中應用較廣,是一本結構清晰、內容翔實、詳略得當的教材,其教材格局特色鮮明,值得稱道和探討。
1.宏觀框架合理
針灸學源遠流長,自上古的砭石到后世的毫針,針灸治法層出不窮。醫論醫籍蔚為大觀,要想窺見歷代醫家針灸學術精華全貌,必須博覽群書。本書將大量針灸學著作融為一爐,并分為上中下三篇,以醫經、醫論、歌賦的整體形式編纂起來。其中上篇醫經部分包括了《內經》和《難經》中有關針灸的精華篇章。中篇醫論部分摘取針灸后世諸家醫論精要,展示了自晉朝至清代針灸諸家的學術觀點。下篇歌賦部分選取瑯瑯上口的針灸各家歌賦,纂輯而成。可以說,上篇針灸醫經是學好針灸的根基,《靈樞》又稱為《針經》,其主要學術內容即呈現了針灸治病相關的臟腑經絡等根本原理與規律。《素問》重點講授臨床治療的策略,有了策略,治療就顯得更加生動。《難經》是對《內經》182篇的疑難釋解,也是對臨床治療規律的深入闡釋。因此,上篇充分起到了對針灸醫學理論的奠基作用。
中篇醫論部分則充分展示了臨床各家的針灸風格、用途、特色。皇甫謐、孫思邈、王執中、楊繼洲等大批醫家不僅繼承了《內》、《難》特點,而且各自有所發展,如阿是穴的發明、子午流注針法的創立、腧穴之間的配伍規律等。是針灸學人承前啟后,繼往開來的又一重要學習內容。下篇歌賦則屬于學習針灸經典的趣味精華版。讀者通過歌賦的學習,可以很好很快地掌握治病的內在規律。
因此,本教材整體設計合理,宏觀框架有序,顯示出了其結構的合理特征。
2.篇章注意細節
本教材不僅在宏觀上注重了整體的謀篇布局,體現了三篇之間的遞進層次,考慮了讀者學習的理性邏輯。而且在微觀上注意了每篇摘選文章的局部完整性。具體而言,每篇選文均設計了學術思想、原文、提要、注釋、按語、課后思考題等內容。這種設計讓讀者充分了解了具體篇章的總體內涵、學術精要、文字當中的疑難之處以及要重點思考的問題。
通過這些細節設計,每個單元自成一體,多個單元融成一個獨立篇章。由此而言,本教材兼具了布局的整體性和微觀的完整性。使得整本教材渾然一體,層次清晰,具有學術的權威性和學習的可讀性。
3.教材印制精美
一本優秀的教材不僅內容精良,同時應該兼具精美的形式。本教材印刷精美,讓人閱讀起來有賞心悅目的感覺。第一,印刷多級標題字體層次清晰。第二,正文原文以繁體字形式呈現,突出了古文閱讀的意境美,同時增加了繁體文字傳遞的信息。這一點是我們應該提倡的,有助于增加我們對于古代文字的理解。
一本好的教材需要有很好的立意、需要有完整的布局、需要注意細節、需要有精美的印刷,這樣在學習的過程中才能賞心悅目,最大化地發揮教材的優勢。
《針灸醫籍選讀》,吳富東主編,中國中醫藥出版社2003年1月,定價:19.00元
當代中醫教育的一個探索
評《內經選讀》
王傳樂
自1956年高等中醫藥院校成立以來,關于中醫藥教學的教材先后經過了很多版的編寫,其中四大經典(《內經》、《傷寒論》、《神農本草經》、《溫病》)的編寫有著種種不同的意見,大多業內人士認為四大經典是中醫的源頭活水,不應斷章取義地編為教材,最好閱讀原典,直探本源,以便打好扎實深厚的中醫基礎,但是隨著學習者古文水平的降低,直接閱讀原典非常困難,因此編寫教材,加以注釋,以引領初學者進入中醫之門也就在所必需了,但這也僅僅是一方面,筆者認為,如果要真正成為一個中醫造詣非凡的大家,還是要下一番功夫好好通讀原典。在此,僅以學苑出版社出版的《內經選讀》一書為例,略論中醫藥教材的編寫特色。
本書是北京市教育委員會組織編寫的精品教材立項項目,內容編寫精當,選材翔實,非常有助于中醫教學。
本教材共分八章,其中前兩章為《內經》概論,主要介紹了《內經》的成書,歷代沿革及其學術體系,這一部分,有助于學習者對《內經》的整體了解,也有助于其掌握相關的歷史知識,包括版本學、訓詁學知識和歷代醫家對《內經》的注釋流程,可以說起到了提綱挈領的作用,對于真心學習《內經》者有高屋建瓴之助。
本教材的后六章為《內經》原文導讀,以編者對《內經》的理解,從《內經》中抽出相關的原文,分別加以標題,對于原文詞句作了相關的解釋,同時對每一小節作了扼要的按語,以便加深讀者對原文整體含義的理解。這一部分,可以使初學者比較容易地讀懂《內經》原文,對于《內經》的主要內容有一個大概的理解。本部分的校注比較精當,選取了歷代注家中比較公認的解釋,非常有助于參考。但是筆者感覺,教材所選畢竟為《內經》原文的一部分,有一些細節還是要讀原典才好。
總體來說,本書也是中醫教育發展史的必然產物,是當代中醫教育的探索和嘗試。看得出來,編寫者下了很大的功夫來分編章節,考校諸家,因此本書對于初學者非常有助益。
另外,與本書配套的是北京市高等教育精品教材立項項目《內經選讀輔助教材》,供高等中醫藥院校中醫專業本科學生在課下學習基本教材時使用。《輔助教材》以基本教材“原文導讀”部分的節為單位,首先在每節標題之下設“本節要點”欄目,簡明扼要地概括本節內容的要點和重點,使學生對本節重點內容及其在全書中的地位有全面了解,并分條羅列需熟記和重點掌握的經文。其后列“經文釋義”欄目,除每段冠以標題外,主要是用現代語言對原文重點內容進行闡釋,簡明扼要而不拘于字句,以幫助學生全面、正確地理解經文。再后置“理論闡發”欄目,就原文所論及的主要醫學理論分條列出題目進行闡發,并提示該理論對后世醫學發展的影響以及對后世臨床的指導作用。最后有“復習思考”欄目,幫助學生深入理解和掌握內經的重要理論觀點。
《內經選讀》,煙建華編著,學苑出版社2004年2月12664
編輯薦書
中國中醫藥出版社市場部主任徐國強向讀者推薦了兩本教材。
蔡寶昌《中藥炮制學》。該書根據教育部關于普通高等教育教材建設與改革的意見的精神及《中藥炮制學》的教學大綱,由國家中醫藥管理局統一規劃、宏觀指導,全國中醫藥高等教育學會、全國高等中醫方藥教材建設研究會組織《中藥炮制學》編寫委員會在前幾版教材基礎上編寫而成。
全書分總論和各論兩部分。此外,并附有藥名中文筆畫索引。總論論述了中藥炮制學的基本理論、知識與技能等內容。各論采用了炮制工藝與輔料相結合的分類方法,列舉了有代表性的230余種中藥的處方用名、來源、炮制歷史沿革、炮制方法、成品性狀、質量要求、炮制作用、炮制研究等內容。在原教材的基礎上刪減了部分不具代表性、不常用的藥物。在第五章中藥飲片的生產與設備及第六章中藥飲片的質量與養護中,結合中藥飲片的生產實際及中藥飲片企業GMP的要求,以圖文并茂的形式,增加并充實了新的內容。在“炮制研究”項中充實了近幾年在炮制研究領域取得的新成果和新進展。
傅超美《藥用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)輔(fu)(fu)料(liao)學》。該書共分(fen)(fen)為六章(zhang)(zhang)。采用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)按制(zhi)(zhi)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)物態分(fen)(fen)類(lei)(lei)方法和(he)按藥用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)輔(fu)(fu)料(liao)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)途(tu)分(fen)(fen)類(lei)(lei)方法相結(jie)合(he)的(de)體(ti)例進行(xing)(xing)(xing)編(bian)寫。第(di)(di)一章(zhang)(zhang)緒(xu)論,主要(yao)闡述藥用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)輔(fu)(fu)料(liao)學的(de)定義(yi)、作用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)、研究進展和(he)國內外輔(fu)(fu)料(liao)管理的(de)有關規定。第(di)(di)二章(zhang)(zhang)液體(ti)制(zhi)(zhi)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)輔(fu)(fu)料(liao),主要(yao)介(jie)(jie)(jie)紹(shao)液體(ti)制(zhi)(zhi)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)物態特征以(yi)及常(chang)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)液體(ti)制(zhi)(zhi)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)輔(fu)(fu)料(liao)。第(di)(di)三章(zhang)(zhang)固(gu)(gu)(gu)體(ti)制(zhi)(zhi)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)輔(fu)(fu)料(liao),主要(yao)介(jie)(jie)(jie)紹(shao)固(gu)(gu)(gu)體(ti)制(zhi)(zhi)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)物態特征以(yi)及常(chang)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)固(gu)(gu)(gu)體(ti)制(zhi)(zhi)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)輔(fu)(fu)料(liao)。第(di)(di)四章(zhang)(zhang)半固(gu)(gu)(gu)體(ti)制(zhi)(zhi)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)與(yu)氣(qi)體(ti)制(zhi)(zhi)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)輔(fu)(fu)料(liao),主要(yao)介(jie)(jie)(jie)紹(shao)軟膏基(ji)質、硬(ying)膏基(ji)質、栓劑(ji)(ji)(ji)基(ji)質、滴丸基(ji)質與(yu)冷凝液,以(yi)及氣(qi)體(ti)制(zhi)(zhi)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)輔(fu)(fu)料(liao)。第(di)(di)五章(zhang)(zhang)緩控(kong)(kong)釋(shi)給藥系(xi)統用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)輔(fu)(fu)料(liao),對(dui)(dui)緩控(kong)(kong)釋(shi)、速(su)釋(shi)、靶向給藥系(xi)統以(yi)及經皮給藥和(he)粘膜(mo)給藥系(xi)統用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)輔(fu)(fu)料(liao)進行(xing)(xing)(xing)介(jie)(jie)(jie)紹(shao)。第(di)(di)六章(zhang)(zhang)對(dui)(dui)中(zhong)藥炮制(zhi)(zhi)常(chang)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)輔(fu)(fu)料(liao)進行(xing)(xing)(xing)簡單介(jie)(jie)(jie)紹(shao)。各章(zhang)(zhang)中(zhong)首先介(jie)(jie)(jie)紹(shao)該類(lei)(lei)輔(fu)(fu)料(liao)的(de)含義(yi)、分(fen)(fen)類(lei)(lei)、基(ji)本要(yao)求及選用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)原則等,再(zai)對(dui)(dui)該類(lei)(lei)輔(fu)(fu)料(liao)的(de)常(chang)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)品種主要(yao)從性狀與(yu)性質、作用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)與(yu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)途(tu)、使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)注意以(yi)及應用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)實例等方面進行(xing)(xing)(xing)介(jie)(jie)(jie)紹(shao)。
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