如魚水(shui)(輕靄浮空)
輕靄(ai)浮(fu)空,亂峰(feng)倒影,瀲滟十里銀塘。繞岸(an)垂楊。紅樓(lou)朱閣相望(wang)。芰荷(he)香。雙(shuang)雙(shuang)戲(xi)、鸂鶒鴛鴦。乍雨過(guo)、蘭芷汀洲,望(wang)中依約似瀟湘。風(feng)淡淡,水茫茫。動一片湖光。畫舫相將。盈(ying)盈(ying)紅粉清商(shang)。紫薇郎。修(xiu)禊飲、且樂仙鄉。更(geng)歸去、遍歷(li)鑾坡(po)鳳沼,此(ci)景也難忘。
【注釋】
《如魚水(shui)》:見(jian)前(qian)《如魚水(shui)·帝里疏散(san)》闋注(zhu),此(ci)(ci)詞(ci)為(wei)(wei)贈(zeng)人(ren)詞(ci)無(wu)疑,綜合(he)判(pan)斷,應為(wei)(wei)贈(zeng)呂(lv)夷(yi)簡。柳(liu)永(yong)于(yu)(yu)寶元元年(1038)正二月改官著作(zuo)郎,授(shou)西(xi)京(jing)陵(ling)(ling)臺令,既為(wei)(wei)清望之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)官,又(you)為(wei)(wei)清閑之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)官,除四時祭(ji)祀及(ji)兼(jian)管永(yong)安縣(xian)事(shi)者外(永(yong)安縣(xian)還另有(you)命官知縣(xian)事(shi)),別(bie)無(wu)其(qi)他職(zhi)守。呂(lv)夷(yi)簡出判(pan)許州(zhou)時,于(yu)(yu)寶元元年春(chun)視察(cha)潁州(zhou),柳(liu)永(yong)以陵(ling)(ling)臺令之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)職(zhi)亦“追陪(pei)”至潁,故在(zai)(zai)潁作(zuo)此(ci)(ci)詞(ci)贈(zeng)呂(lv)夷(yi)簡。輕(qing)靄:淡淡的(de)云霧。“亂(luan)峰”二句(ju):謂(wei)(wei)群山的(de)倒(dao)影映在(zai)(zai)十(shi)里銀(yin)塘中(zhong)。潁州(zhou)(今安徽阜(fu)陽(yang))有(you)西(xi)湖,長(chang)三(san)里,廣十(shi)里,與詞(ci)中(zhong)所寫“瀲滟(yan)十(shi)里銀(yin)塘”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)景色特(te)點,可謂(wei)(wei)妙(miao)合(he)無(wu)垠(yin)。相(xiang)望:相(xiang)對。芰(ji)荷:指(zhi)菱葉與荷葉。皆有(you)香(xiang)味。鸂鶒:鳥(niao)名(ming),似(si)鴛鴦而(er)稍(shao)大,羽五彩而(er)多紫(zi)色,故又(you)名(ming)紫(zi)鴛鴦。蘭芷(zhi)汀洲:謂(wei)(wei)水(shui)邊陸(lu)地(di)上長(chang)滿了香(xiang)草。蘭、芷(zhi),皆香(xiang)草。瀟湘:瀟水(shui)與湘水(shui),皆在(zai)(zai)湖南(nan)境(jing)。此(ci)(ci)處(chu)指(zhi)潁州(zhou)(今安徽阜(fu)陽(yang)),阜(fu)陽(yang)有(you)潁、汝二水(shui)于(yu)(yu)境(jing)內(nei)入淮河,與瀟、湘二水(shui)會于(yu)(yu)零陵(ling)(ling)相(xiang)似(si)。相(xiang)將:相(xiang)偕,相(xiang)共。“盈(ying)盈(ying)”句(ju):盈(ying)盈(ying),儀態美好。紅粉,指(zhi)美女,歌(ge)妓(ji)。清商(shang),即(ji)《清商(shang)三(san)調(diao)》,樂曲(qu)名(ming)。此(ci)(ci)處(chu)泛(fan)指(zhi)歌(ge)曲(qu)。宋(song)(song)(song)代營妓(ji)(官妓(ji))有(you)佐酒(jiu)陪(pei)宴之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)責,此(ci)(ci)句(ju)即(ji)見(jian)其(qi)俗。紫(zi)薇郎:本作(zuo)紫(zi)微郎,即(ji)中(zhong)書(shu)郎,全(quan)稱為(wei)(wei)中(zhong)書(shu)侍(shi)郎,位(wei)在(zai)(zai)中(zhong)書(shu)令下,唐宋(song)(song)(song)皆然。宋(song)(song)(song)制,中(zhong)書(shu)令不(bu)輕(qing)除,中(zhong)書(shu)侍(shi)郎即(ji)謂(wei)(wei)宰(zai)相(xiang)。修禊(xi):見(jian)前(qian)《小鎮西(xi)犯·水(shui)鄉初禁火》闋注(zhu)。鑾(luan)坡鳳沼:謂(wei)(wei)翰林(lin)院與中(zhong)書(shu)省。鑾(luan)坡,即(ji)金(jin)鑾(luan)坡,唐時翰林(lin)院所在(zai)(zai)地(di)。鳳沼,即(ji)鳳凰池(chi),中(zhong)書(shu)省所在(zai)(zai)地(di)。唐宋(song)(song)(song)時多以鳳池(chi)目宰(zai)相(xiang)。
【評析】
詞(ci)上片(pian)(pian)寫景,下(xia)片(pian)(pian)寫禊宴(yan)。“輕(qing)靄(ai)”三(san)句(ju)總寫潁州西湖(hu)(hu)美景,首二(er)句(ju)又用對語,狀景如畫(hua)。“繞岸(an)”二(er)句(ju)寫湖(hu)(hu)周(zhou)景觀(guan),“芰荷”二(er)句(ju)寫湖(hu)(hu)中(zhong)美禽,“乍雨(yu)過”二(er)句(ju)又以(yi)瀟湘為喻。如此由大到(dao)小,由遠到(dao)近,由白描到(dao)比喻,將(jiang)潁州西湖(hu)(hu)之(zhi)美寫到(dao)十分。下(xia)片(pian)(pian)寫禊飲,首三(san)句(ju)緊承(cheng)上文,先寫湖(hu)(hu)上晴(qing)景,“畫(hua)舫(fang)”二(er)句(ju)寫營妓佐酒清歌,“紫薇(wei)郎”二(er)句(ju)寫贈(zeng)主(zhu)(zhu)與民共同修(xiu)禊之(zhi)樂,“更歸去”二(er)句(ju)既祝愿贈(zeng)主(zhu)(zhu)不久歸朝,又贊頌(song)此樂難(nan)忘,一舉二(er)得。
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