清末內丹學家黃元吉,有一(yi)段關(guan)于“動處(chu)煉(lian)性(xing)(xing),靜處(chu)煉(lian)命”的談話(hua),對身心修煉(lian)很有啟(qi)發(fa)和幫助(zhu)。他(ta)(ta)說(shuo):“昔人云:‘動處(chu)煉(lian)性(xing)(xing),靜處(chu)煉(lian)命。二語(yu)(yu)已包(bao)括性(xing)(xing)命雙(shuang)修之要,獨(du)惜人不知耳。’”接下來他(ta)(ta)便對此作(zuo)了(le)具(ju)體(ti)說(shuo)明(ming)。(引文(wen)均見《樂育堂語(yu)(yu)錄(lu)》)本文(wen)擬對他(ta)(ta)的說(shuo)明(ming),再作(zuo)一(yi)些闡釋。
一、關于修性和修命
什么(me)叫性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)?什么(me)叫命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)?性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)指(zhi)人的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)靈明慧覺(jue),命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)指(zhi)人的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)氣(qi)血身軀(qu)。性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)即是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)心性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、精神;命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)即是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)生(sheng)(sheng)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)、軀(qu)體(ti)。《性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)圭旨》說(shuo)(shuo):“何謂(wei)(wei)之(zhi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)?元始真如,一靈炯炯是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)。何謂(wei)(wei)之(zhi)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)?先天(tian)至精,一氣(qi)氤氳是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)。”又說(shuo)(shuo):“性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)之(zhi)造化(hua)系于(yu)(yu)心,命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)之(zhi)造化(hua)系于(yu)(yu)身。”人的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)實際上就是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)精神與軀(qu)體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)結合(he)體(ti)。性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主宰,命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)(ji)礎。為此(ci),我們既要(yao)重視精神、心理(li)方(fang)(fang)面的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)煉(lian)(lian)養(yang),也(ye)(ye)要(yao)重視生(sheng)(sheng)理(li)肌(ji)體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)煉(lian)(lian)養(yang)。性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)雙修(xiu)正(zheng)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)內丹功的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)(ji)本煉(lian)(lian)養(yang)原則。北宋著(zhu)名道士張伯端說(shuo)(shuo):“道家以命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)宗立教(jiao),故(gu)詳(xiang)(xiang)言(yan)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)而略言(yan)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing);釋(shi)氏以性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)宗立教(jiao),故(gu)詳(xiang)(xiang)言(yan)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)而略言(yan)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)。”張氏認(ren)為兩(liang)者(zhe)均(jun)有失偏頗,故(gu)唯有性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)雙修(xiu)最為上乘。這(zhe)(zhe)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)內丹家的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)共(gong)識(shi)。內丹修(xiu)煉(lian)(lian)不但要(yao)求六(liu)門(men)緊閉,六(liu)根清凈(jing),徹底與外部世界隔絕(jue),而且有固(gu)定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時空(kong)模式(shi)(shi)和(he)規范(fan)化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)心理(li)運演(yan)手(shou)段(duan),但黃元吉說(shuo)(shuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“動處(chu)(chu)煉(lian)(lian)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),靜處(chu)(chu)煉(lian)(lian)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)”,卻提(ti)出了一個與前者(zhe)全然不同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)修(xiu)煉(lian)(lian)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)(shi)。這(zhe)(zhe)種方(fang)(fang)式(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最大特(te)點,就是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)要(yao)在日(ri)常生(sheng)(sheng)活當中,隨(sui)時隨(sui)處(chu)(chu)進行(xing)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)修(xiu)煉(lian)(lian)。這(zhe)(zhe)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)將氣(qi)功與日(ri)常生(sheng)(sheng)活密(mi)切結合(he)起來之(zhi)良法。所(suo)謂(wei)(wei)“行(xing)住坐臥,不離這(zhe)(zhe)個”。如同(tong)《入藥(yao)鏡》所(suo)說(shuo)(shuo):“一日(ri)內,十二時,意所(suo)到,皆可為。”
二、關于“動處煉性”
黃元(yuan)吉(ji)說,“動處(chu)煉性(xing)”的這個“動”,“乃有(you)事應(ying)酬之謂”。“要知(zhi)此(ci)(ci)(ci)有(you)事之時,即是(shi)用功修煉之時”。接(jie)著他便進行具體(ti)的解說:“我(wo)于(yu)此(ci)(ci)(ci)時,視(shi)聽言動,必(bi)求中禮;喜怒哀樂,必(bi)求中節;子臣(chen)弟(di)友,必(bi)求盡(jin)道;衣服飲食,必(bi)求適宜(yi)。如此(ci)(ci)(ci)隨來隨應(ying),隨應(ying)隨忘,已前不(bu)(bu)思(si),過(guo)后不(bu)(bu)憶。當前稱物平施(shi),毫無(wu)顧慮計較(jiao)。”此(ci)(ci)(ci)外,還(huan)要“對境(jing)而(er)有(you)返勘之念(nian)”,“稍有(you)念(nian)動欲起,人不(bu)(bu)指責(ze)于(yu)己,即己亦(yi)有(you)不(bu)(bu)自(zi)安之處(chu)”。黃元(yuan)吉(ji)認為“我(wo)無(wu)欲而(er)心(xin)自(zi)定(ding)(ding),心(xin)定(ding)(ding)而(er)性(xing)自(zi)定(ding)(ding),煉性(xing)之功莫此(ci)(ci)(ci)為最。”黃元(yuan)吉(ji)這段文(wen)字既提出了“動處(chu)煉性(xing)”的原則要求,又談到(dao)具體(ti)的心(xin)理操(cao)作(zuo)。下文(wen)稍作(zuo)闡釋。
1.“動處(chu)煉性”的原則要(yao)求
(1)從(cong)主(zhu)體的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)觀角(jiao)度(du)看,“動(dong)處煉(lian)性(xing)(xing)”要(yao)求做到“視(shi)聽言(yan)(yan)動(dong),必(bi)(bi)求中(zhong)(zhong)禮(li)。喜怒哀樂(le),必(bi)(bi)求中(zhong)(zhong)節(jie)(jie)”。所謂(wei)(wei)“視(shi)聽言(yan)(yan)動(dong),必(bi)(bi)求中(zhong)(zhong)禮(li)”是(shi)(shi)(shi)指(zhi)“有(you)事(shi)應(ying)酬(chou)”時(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)言(yan)(yan)一(yi)行(xing),都(dou)要(yao)符(fu)合社會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規(gui)范(fan),要(yao)遵守社會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基本(ben)(ben)規(gui)則。一(yi)個人在(zai)日常處理各種(zhong)(zhong)事(shi)務的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)活(huo)動(dong)中(zhong)(zhong),如(ru)能隨時(shi)(shi)(shi)注意(yi)“中(zhong)(zhong)禮(li)”,這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)既(ji)(ji)能提升自(zi)己(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)精(jing)神境(jing)界,且易于與別(bie)人和(he)諧相處,并(bing)(bing)受到別(bie)人的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)尊重和(he)歡迎。這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)樣,便(bian)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)自(zi)然而然地(di)產生一(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)祥和(he)、安泰(tai)、愉悅之情(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)。這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)樣的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)內(nei)心(xin)體驗(yan),正是(shi)(shi)(shi)對“性(xing)(xing)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)很好修煉(lian)。這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)是(shi)(shi)(shi)從(cong)思想道德修養方(fang)面(mian)提出的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)求。“喜怒哀樂(le),必(bi)(bi)求中(zhong)(zhong)節(jie)(jie)”,則是(shi)(shi)(shi)從(cong)感情(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)活(huo)動(dong)方(fang)面(mian)提出的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)求。這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)句(ju)話(hua)源自(zi)《禮(li)記·中(zhong)(zhong)庸》:“喜怒哀樂(le)之未(wei)發,謂(wei)(wei)之中(zhong)(zhong),發而皆中(zhong)(zhong)節(jie)(jie),謂(wei)(wei)之和(he)。”意(yi)謂(wei)(wei)喜怒哀樂(le)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)感還沒有(you)發生的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)(shi)候,內(nei)心(xin)是(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)非(fei)常寧靜的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)本(ben)(ben)源狀態,這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)就(jiu)叫(jiao)“中(zhong)(zhong)”。人們在(zai)處理各種(zhong)(zhong)事(shi)務時(shi)(shi)(shi),不可(ke)避免地(di)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)產生各種(zhong)(zhong)情(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)緒(xu)(xu)變化,并(bing)(bing)在(zai)表情(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)、言(yan)(yan)語、行(xing)動(dong)諸方(fang)面(mian)表現(xian)出來。如(ru)果表現(xian)出來的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)緒(xu)(xu),能符(fu)合法度(du)常理,并(bing)(bing)且合乎節(jie)(jie)度(du),這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)就(jiu)叫(jiao)“和(he)”。因為人們在(zai)“有(you)事(shi)應(ying)酬(chou)”時(shi)(shi)(shi),難(nan)免會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)產生各種(zhong)(zhong)情(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)緒(xu)(xu),這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)時(shi)(shi)(shi)最重要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)要(yao)控制(zhi)好自(zi)己(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)緒(xu)(xu),既(ji)(ji)要(yao)讓(rang)情(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)緒(xu)(xu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)內(nei)涵不違背(bei)法度(du)常規(gui),又要(yao)讓(rang)情(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)緒(xu)(xu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)表現(xian)有(you)所節(jie)(jie)制(zhi),適時(shi)(shi)(shi)適度(du)。情(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)緒(xu)(xu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)失控,不但會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)嚴重破壞自(zi)身的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)免疫力,而且還會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)造成人際問的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不和(he),從(cong)而加劇自(zi)身的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)緒(xu)(xu)失控。喜怒哀樂(le)如(ru)能“中(zhong)(zhong)節(jie)(jie)”,便(bian)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)始(shi)終保持一(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)和(he)諧、安泰(tai)、淡定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)心(xin)態。保持這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)樣的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)心(xin)態,便(bian)是(shi)(shi)(shi)對“性(xing)(xing)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)很好修煉(lian)。
(2)從人際關(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)方(fang)面(mian)(mian)來看,“動處煉性(xing)”要(yao)求做(zuo)(zuo)到(dao)“子臣(chen)弟(di)友,必求盡道(dao)(dao)”。所謂人際關(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)包(bao)括(kuo)親(qin)情關(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)、朋友關(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)和一(yi)(yi)般社(she)會(hui)(hui)關(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(包(bao)括(kuo)同事(shi)關(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)和臨時(shi)的(de)工作、事(shi)務(wu)關(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi))。在處理這些(xie)關(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)時(shi),如(ru)(ru)能(neng)遵(zun)守社(she)會(hui)(hui)基本的(de)道(dao)(dao)德規范和各(ge)種規則,這便是“盡道(dao)(dao)”的(de)表現。比如(ru)(ru)說(shuo),在親(qin)情方(fang)面(mian)(mian),要(yao)做(zuo)(zuo)到(dao)孝敬長輩(bei),愛(ai)護同輩(bei),關(guan)(guan)懷下輩(bei);在朋友關(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)方(fang)面(mian)(mian),要(yao)做(zuo)(zuo)到(dao)親(qin)切的(de)關(guan)(guan)心,熱情的(de)幫助;在一(yi)(yi)般社(she)會(hui)(hui)關(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)方(fang)面(mian)(mian),要(yao)做(zuo)(zuo)到(dao)誠信、謙遜、寬容(rong)。如(ru)(ru)能(neng)做(zuo)(zuo)到(dao)這一(yi)(yi)些(xie),不但提(ti)升了自己的(de)人品,而且還會(hui)(hui)得到(dao)別人的(de)友善回饋。這樣(yang),內心便會(hui)(hui)產生一(yi)(yi)種溫暖(nuan)感(gan)、滿足感(gan)和恬適感(gan)。這樣(yang)的(de)內心體驗,便是對(dui)“性(xing)”的(de)很好修煉。
(3)從個人(ren)的(de)(de)生(sheng)活角度看(kan),“動處煉性”要(yao)求(qiu)做到“衣服(fu)飲食,必(bi)求(qiu)適宜”。這是強調一個人(ren)對(dui)日常物(wu)(wu)質生(sheng)活的(de)(de)要(yao)求(qiu),應(ying)該適度,不(bu)(bu)(bu)要(yao)奢求(qiu),不(bu)(bu)(bu)要(yao)攀比(bi),不(bu)(bu)(bu)要(yao)追求(qiu)時(shi)尚。這樣,就(jiu)能(neng)始終保持一種淡(dan)泊、恬(tian)靜的(de)(de)心態。反之(zhi),如果不(bu)(bu)(bu)加控制,一味追求(qiu)物(wu)(wu)質享受,將會使自己的(de)(de)精神(shen)世界庸俗化,甚至墮落。一個貪圖(tu)物(wu)(wu)質享受的(de)(de)人(ren),其內(nei)心世界是永遠不(bu)(bu)(bu)可能(neng)安靜的(de)(de)。這實際上是對(dui)精神(shen)的(de)(de)殘害。所以說,控制物(wu)(wu)欲也是對(dui)“性”的(de)(de)很好修煉。
2.“動處煉性”的具體(ti)心理操作(zuo)
上述(shu)“動處煉性”的幾(ji)個原則,是(shi)日常事務(wu)應酬時總的指導(dao)思想和行(xing)為準(zhun)則。在這(zhe)個前提下(xia),就具體場合而言,在心理操作方面還應做到以(yi)下(xia)幾(ji)點。
(1)“隨(sui)(sui)來隨(sui)(sui)應,隨(sui)(sui)應隨(sui)(sui)忘(wang)”。它強調辦理任何事情(qing)都(dou)要從容、淡定,事情(qing)過(guo)后(hou)即(ji)(ji)要馬上把它忘(wang)掉。要忘(wang)的徹底,過(guo)后(hou)再也不(bu)要回憶當下發生的事情(qing)。這(zhe)是(shi)因為,在處理事情(qing)時(shi)需要反(fan)復動(dong)腦(nao)筋,這(zhe)樣大(da)腦(nao)便(bian)會持續(xu)處于(yu)興奮狀態(tai),如果事情(qing)過(guo)后(hou)迅速予(yu)以淡忘(wang),即(ji)(ji)可讓(rang)交感神(shen)(shen)經(jing)(jing)的張力降低,副(fu)交感神(shen)(shen)經(jing)(jing)的張力提(ti)高,中(zhong)樞神(shen)(shen)經(jing)(jing)的抑(yi)制過(guo)程會隨(sui)(sui)之增(zeng)強,于(yu)是(shi)便(bian)能較快地恢復平靜的心態(tai)。所謂“心定性自(zi)定”,這(zhe)對“性”的修煉(lian)是(shi)十分重要的。
(2)待人(ren)(ren)(ren)接物(wu)(wu),公(gong)(gong)平(ping)大度。黃元(yuan)吉(ji)說,處理(li)日常事務要“稱物(wu)(wu)平(ping)施,毫(hao)無顧慮(lv)計(ji)(ji)較(jiao)”。“稱物(wu)(wu)平(ping)施”出自(zi)《周易》,原意為根據物(wu)(wu)品的(de)多少(shao),公(gong)(gong)平(ping)合理(li)分給他人(ren)(ren)(ren)。這(zhe)里強調(diao)辦理(li)任何(he)事情(qing)都要做(zuo)到(dao)公(gong)(gong)平(ping)、公(gong)(gong)正。“毫(hao)無顧慮(lv)計(ji)(ji)較(jiao)”即是寬容大度的(de)意思。一個人(ren)(ren)(ren)如(ru)能(neng)公(gong)(gong)平(ping)、公(gong)(gong)正地(di)待人(ren)(ren)(ren),毫(hao)不(bu)計(ji)(ji)較(jiao)個人(ren)(ren)(ren)得(de)(de)失,便會得(de)(de)到(dao)別人(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)尊重和(he)歡迎,人(ren)(ren)(ren)際關系(xi)融(rong)洽。這(zhe)樣,內心便會充滿祥和(he)、歡快之感(gan)。有益于“性”的(de)修(xiu)煉。
(3)及(ji)時(shi)進(jin)行(xing)自(zi)(zi)我反省。黃元吉說(shuo),在日常處(chu)理事(shi)務時(shi),要“對境而(er)有返勘之(zhi)念”,“稍(shao)有念動欲起,人不指責(ze)于己,即己亦有不安之(zhi)處(chu)”。這(zhe)是強(qiang)調(diao)做任何(he)事(shi)情,都要及(ji)時(shi)進(jin)行(xing)自(zi)(zi)我反省,及(ji)時(shi)清除私(si)心(xin)欲念。這(zhe)是高(gao)度(du)自(zi)(zi)律的表(biao)現。這(zhe)樣便(bian)能不斷凈化自(zi)(zi)己的心(xin)靈,不斷提高(gao)自(zi)(zi)己的品行(xing)和德性。
總之,在日常的(de)事務應酬中,如(ru)能做到“隨(sui)來隨(sui)應,隨(sui)應隨(sui)忘”;如(ru)能做到待(dai)人接物(wu)公平(ping)大度;如(ru)能做到及時進(jin)行(xing)自(zi)我反省,那便是很好的(de)“動處煉性”。
三、關于“靜處煉命”
黃(huang)元吉說,“靜(jing)處煉命”這(zhe)個(ge)“靜(jing)”,“亦非不(bu)動之(zhi)謂,乃無(wu)事而(er)未應(ying)酬之(zhi)謂也(ye)(ye)”。也(ye)(ye)就(jiu)是說,這(zhe)個(ge)“靜(jing)”并不(bu)是指人一(yi)動不(bu)動地(di)(di)坐在(zai)那里,而(er)是指日(ri)常(chang)生活中沒(mei)有應(ying)酬時的狀態。比如說一(yi)個(ge)人在(zai)看書,看電視(shi),或和家人、朋友一(yi)起聊天,一(yi)同(tong)散步。此(ci)時心態輕松、悠閑。這(zhe)個(ge)時候可以(yi)不(bu)經意地(di)(di)、自然地(di)(di)進行(xing)命功修煉。黃(huang)元吉說:“我能于(yu)無(wu)事之(zhi)際,無(wu)論(lun)行(xing)住(zhu)(zhu)坐臥,總將一(yi)個(ge)神(shen)(shen)(shen)光下照(zhao)于(yu)丹田(tian)(tian)之(zhi)處,務使神(shen)(shen)(shen)抱住(zhu)(zhu)氣(qi),意系住(zhu)(zhu)息,神(shen)(shen)(shen)氣(qi)戀戀兩不(bu)相離(li)。如此(ci)聚(ju)而(er)不(bu)散,融匯一(yi)團,悠揚(yang)活潑往來于(yu)丹田(tian)(tian)之(zhi)中。如此(ci)日(ri)積月累(lei),自然真氣(qi)沖沖包圍一(yi)身內外,而(er)河車(che)之(zhi)路通(tong)矣(yi)!”這(zhe)段(duan)文字明確(que)指出了“靜(jing)處煉命”的幾個(ge)修煉要點。
1.神(shen)光下(xia)照丹(dan)(dan)田(tian)。這是(shi)指意(yi)念默運內視線(xian)觀照丹(dan)(dan)田(tian)(腹臍部位),讓意(yi)念、內視線(xian)和丹(dan)(dan)田(tian)建立起(qi)條(tiao)件反(fan)射關系。丹(dan)(dan)田(tian)為真氣萌發、集聚之(zhi)所,《難經(jing)》稱之(zhi)為“生氣之(zhi)源”、“呼吸之(zhi)門”、“十二經(jing)之(zhi)根”。意(yi)念結合內視下(xia)照丹(dan)(dan)田(tian),會(hui)不(bu)斷激惹丹(dan)(dan)田(tian)的(de)氣機,激發生命體的(de)原動力(li)。這是(shi)傳統內丹(dan)(dan)功(gong)修(xiu)持最重(zhong)要也最基本的(de)方法。但內丹(dan)(dan)修(xiu)持有(you)(you)嚴格(ge)的(de)時空(kong)限定,有(you)(you)規范化的(de)心理操作要求(qiu),而“靜處煉命”則沒(mei)有(you)(you)這些要求(qiu)。它(ta)強調隨意(yi)、自然,每天無事時,只要有(you)(you)意(yi)無意(yi)地(di)讓神(shen)光沿著(zhu)任脈經(jing)線(xian)下(xia)照丹(dan)(dan)田(tian)即可。它(ta)可以斷斷續續地(di)做,它(ta)可以邊(bian)看(kan)電視邊(bian)做,也可以邊(bian)聊邊(bian)做。重(zhong)在堅持與積累。
2.神息(xi)相依,往(wang)來(lai)丹(dan)田(tian)(tian)。黃元吉說:“務使(shi)神抱住(zhu)氣(qi),意(yi)(yi)系(xi)住(zhu)息(xi)……悠揚(yang)活潑往(wang)來(lai)于丹(dan)田(tian)(tian)之(zhi)中(zhong)。”這(zhe)是(shi)指意(yi)(yi)念和氣(qi)息(xi)相依相戀,緊(jin)緊(jin)聯結(jie)在一(yi)起(qi)(qi),不斷來(lai)往(wang)于丹(dan)田(tian)(tian)。具體(ti)(ti)地(di)說,吸氣(qi)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)意(yi)(yi)念跟(gen)隨氣(qi)息(xi),自(zi)然(ran)地(di)、緩(huan)(huan)緩(huan)(huan)地(di)由任(ren)脈經(jing)線(xian)(xian)進(jin)入丹(dan)田(tian)(tian)之(zhi)中(zhong);呼(hu)氣(qi)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)意(yi)(yi)念隨氣(qi)息(xi),又從(cong)丹(dan)田(tian)(tian)自(zi)然(ran)地(di)、緩(huan)(huan)緩(huan)(huan)地(di)由任(ren)脈經(jing)線(xian)(xian)向上端移(yi)(yi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)。這(zhe)是(shi)讓意(yi)(yi)念、氣(qi)息(xi)同(tong)任(ren)脈經(jing)線(xian)(xian)、丹(dan)田(tian)(tian)建立(li)起(qi)(qi)條(tiao)件反(fan)射關系(xi)。實際上人們(men)吸氣(qi)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)氣(qi)體(ti)(ti)是(shi)通過氣(qi)管進(jin)入肺(fei)泡(pao),沒有也不可能(neng)進(jin)入丹(dan)田(tian)(tian)。這(zhe)是(shi)修煉時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)主體(ti)(ti)將(jiang)吸氣(qi)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)各種(zhong)動(dong)(dong)(dong)覺(jue)(主要(yao)是(shi)膈肌下降和腹(fu)肌外凸時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)產(chan)(chan)生的(de)(de)動(dong)(dong)(dong)覺(jue)),整合成一(yi)道(dao)向丹(dan)田(tian)(tian)移(yi)(yi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)動(dong)(dong)(dong)覺(jue)移(yi)(yi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)線(xian)(xian),這(zhe)樣(yang)主體(ti)(ti)便(bian)(bian)會(hui)產(chan)(chan)生氣(qi)息(xi)進(jin)入丹(dan)田(tian)(tian)的(de)(de)感覺(jue)。人們(men)呼(hu)氣(qi)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),氣(qi)體(ti)(ti)也是(shi)從(cong)肺(fei)泡(pao)經(jing)氣(qi)管排(pai)出體(ti)(ti)外,這(zhe)是(shi)修煉時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)主體(ti)(ti)將(jiang)呼(hu)氣(qi)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)各種(zhong)動(dong)(dong)(dong)覺(jue)(主要(yao)是(shi)膈肌上升和腹(fu)肌內凹產(chan)(chan)生的(de)(de)動(dong)(dong)(dong)覺(jue)),整合成一(yi)道(dao)由丹(dan)田(tian)(tian)向任(ren)脈上端移(yi)(yi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)動(dong)(dong)(dong)覺(jue)移(yi)(yi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)線(xian)(xian),于是(shi)主體(ti)(ti)便(bian)(bian)會(hui)產(chan)(chan)生氣(qi)息(xi)自(zi)丹(dan)田(tian)(tian)上移(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)感覺(jue)。神氣(qi)如此相依相戀,“悠揚(yang)活潑往(wang)來(lai)于丹(dan)田(tian)(tian)之(zhi)中(zhong)”,會(hui)不斷激(ji)惹任(ren)脈經(jing)線(xian)(xian)和丹(dan)田(tian)(tian)的(de)(de)氣(qi)機,從(cong)而促使(shi)真(zhen)氣(qi)的(de)(de)萌發和集(ji)聚。
3.要(yao)(yao)抓緊時(shi)(shi)機(ji),要(yao)(yao)日(ri)積(ji)月累。黃元吉對弟子說(shuo):“如(ru)此(ci)煉命(ming)(ming),一日(ri)十二(er)時(shi)(shi)中又有(you)幾時(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)得聞?只怕生等不(bu)(bu)自打(da)緊耳。”的(de)(de)確,由于慣性(xing)思(si)維(wei)和惰性(xing)心理(li)的(de)(de)影響,人(ren)們(men)在日(ri)常生活中會很不(bu)(bu)習慣這(zhe)種“靜處(chu)煉命(ming)(ming)”。因此(ci),思(si)想上必須有(you)修命(ming)(ming)的(de)(de)緊迫感。另外,“靜處(chu)煉命(ming)(ming)”要(yao)(yao)想長功(gong)夫,取(qu)得良(liang)好效應,全在“日(ri)積(ji)月累”。只要(yao)(yao)每天抓緊時(shi)(shi)機(ji),或神(shen)光下照丹(dan)田(tian)(tian)(tian),或神(shen)氣(qi)(qi)相依往來丹(dan)田(tian)(tian)(tian),不(bu)(bu)斷激惹丹(dan)田(tian)(tian)(tian)氣(qi)(qi)機(ji),如(ru)此(ci)日(ri)積(ji)月累,“自然真氣(qi)(qi)沖沖包圍一身內外”,那(nei)時(shi)(shi)真氣(qi)(qi)便會從丹(dan)田(tian)(tian)(tian)自動經尾閭沿(yan)督脈上升至顱頂,再沿(yan)任(ren)脈下降(jiang)回(hui)到丹(dan)田(tian)(tian)(tian)。如(ru)此(ci)周而復始,循環不(bu)(bu)己,這(zhe)就叫打(da)通河車之(zhi)路,亦稱小周天。
總(zong)之,如能在(zai)日常生(sheng)活中堅(jian)持“動處煉性,靜(jing)處煉命”,那便是另一種方式的“性命雙(shuang)修”。
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