點穴(xue)與按(an)摩為道(dao)醫治療中常用(yong)重要(yao)(yao)技術(shu)。特別是(shi)道(dao)武結合之后,道(dao)醫之點穴(xue)與按(an)摩與武功緊密聯系,既(ji)是(shi)武術(shu)組成,又是(shi)治傷要(yao)(yao)法(fa)。故道(dao)醫點穴(xue)與按(an)摩多(duo)用(yong)于(yu)創傷及(ji)筋骨損(sun)傷,兼及(ji)寒、濕、骨增、腫痛(tong)等均(jun)有突出療效。分別介紹如下。
點穴法,在(zai)道醫里是一種(zhong)醫、武結合(he)的治療方(fang)法。它既不(bu)同于(yu)推拿按摩,又不(bu)同于(yu)針灸(jiu)療法,但它與二(er)者又有不(bu)可分割的內在(zai)聯系。
祖國(guo)醫學認(ren)為,經(jing)絡(luo)(luo)在(zai)人(ren)體中(zhong)的(de)(de)作用(yong)是(shi)非常重要(yao)的(de)(de),五臟(zang)六腑(fu)、四肢百骸、皮(pi)肉筋脈(mo)的(de)(de)生(sheng)理功能(neng)(neng),必須依靠經(jing)絡(luo)(luo)的(de)(de)密切聯系,經(jing)絡(luo)(luo)和穴位組成一個循環系統,疏通全身(shen),使臟(zang)腑(fu)、骨肉、關(guan)節等等形成一個有(you)機的(de)(de)整(zheng)體。如果經(jing)絡(luo)(luo)不通,就(jiu)不能(neng)(neng)發揮它的(de)(de)聯絡(luo)(luo)和傳導作用(yong),臟(zang)腑(fu)器官功能(neng)(neng)就(jiu)不能(neng)(neng)達到協調(diao),人(ren)體的(de)(de)氣血就(jiu)得(de)不到營衛(wei),因氣血是(shi)供養機體最寶貴的(de)(de)物質,全身(shen)的(de)(de)皮(pi)肉、筋脈(mo)、肢體骨骼都(dou)需要(yao)它滋潤和保護,故經(jing)絡(luo)(luo)受阻,則出(chu)現各種(zhong)病痛。
點穴(xue)法很注重三(san)(san)個要(yao)素:一(yi)是時(shi)(shi)間(jian),二(er)是部(bu)位(穴(xue)位),三(san)(san)是手(shou)法。如(ru)武(wu)術中按時(shi)(shi)點穴(xue)(襲擊)可使人致殘或者限時(shi)(shi)取人性命;若變(bian)換(huan)手(shou)法,就能達到救命、治病的(de)目的(de)。下邊就點穴(xue)主要(yao)理論與技術分別予(yu)以說明。
經絡氣血流注的理論
人體(ti)的(de)十(shi)二經脈(mo)(mo)(mo)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)血(xue)流(liu)注(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)理(li)論(lun)早在(內經)已有(you)詳細的(de)論(lun)述,《靈(ling)樞·營(ying)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)》指(zhi)出:"營(ying)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)之道……常營(ying)無已,終(zhong)而(er)復始(shi)(shi)(shi),是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)謂天地之紀。故(gu)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)從(cong)太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)陰出,注(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)手(shou)(shou)(shou)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)明(ming),上行(xing)(xing)(xing)注(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)足(zu)(zu)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)明(ming),下(xia)(xia)行(xing)(xing)(xing)至跗上,注(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)大指(zhi)間(jian),與太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)陰合(he),上行(xing)(xing)(xing)抵脾,從(cong)脾注(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)心中,循手(shou)(shou)(shou)少(shao)陰出腋下(xia)(xia),臂注(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)小指(zhi)合(he)手(shou)(shou)(shou)太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)〃……總之說明(ming)十(shi)二經脈(mo)(mo)(mo)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)血(xue)流(liu)注(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)次序是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)從(cong)手(shou)(shou)(shou)太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)陰肺(fei)經開始(shi)(shi)(shi),到手(shou)(shou)(shou)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)明(ming),到足(zu)(zu)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)明(ming),到足(zu)(zu)太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)陰,到手(shou)(shou)(shou)太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)陰,到手(shou)(shou)(shou)太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang),到足(zu)(zu)太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang),到足(zu)(zu)少(shao)陰,到手(shou)(shou)(shou)厥(jue)(jue)陰,到手(shou)(shou)(shou)少(shao)陰,到足(zu)(zu)少(shao)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang),到足(zu)(zu)厥(jue)(jue)陰,再注(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)于(yu)肺(fei)。另外,除十(shi)二經脈(mo)(mo)(mo)流(liu)注(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)外,還(huan)有(you)支別即督(du)、任二脈(mo)(mo)(mo)流(liu)注(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)途徑(jing),是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)始(shi)(shi)(shi)于(yu)額,循巔下(xia)(xia)項中貫脊入(ru)胝,再到任脈(mo)(mo)(mo)上行(xing)(xing)(xing),還(huan)注(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)于(yu)肺(fei)。由此可知(zhi),血(xue)頭(tou)行(xing)(xing)(xing)走(zou)的(de)血(xue)道(即氣(qi)(qi)(qi)血(xue)運(yun)(yun)行(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)開始(shi)(shi)(shi)部分),氣(qi)(qi)(qi)血(xue)的(de)運(yun)(yun)行(xing)(xing)(xing),是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)周而(er)復始(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)。這個"始(shi)(shi)(shi)〃字,就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)指(zhi)血(xue)頭(tou)。它是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)依據《靈(ling)樞》有(you)關氣(qi)(qi)(qi)血(xue)運(yun)(yun)行(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)理(li)論(lun)。如《靈(ling)樞·五十(shi)營(ying)》認(ren)為:“日行(xing)(xing)(xing)二十(shi)八宿(su),人經脈(mo)(mo)(mo)上下(xia)(xia)、左右、前后(hou)二十(shi)八脈(mo)(mo)(mo),周身(shen)十(shi)六丈二尺,以應二十(shi)八宿(su),漏水(shui)下(xia)(xia)百刻,以分晝夜(ye)。故(gu)人一(yi)呼,脈(mo)(mo)(mo)再勸(quan),氣(qi)(qi)(qi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)三寸(cun);一(yi)吸(xi)脈(mo)(mo)(mo)亦(yi)再動,氣(qi)(qi)(qi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)三寸(cun)。呼吸(xi)定息,氣(qi)(qi)(qi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)六寸(cun)……”這種論(lun)點(dian),其精神(shen)實質是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)說明(ming)人體(ti)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)血(xue)運(yun)(yun)行(xing)(xing)(xing)隨時(shi)(shi)間(jian)的(de)催移而(er)運(yun)(yun)轉(zhuan)。人體(ti)十(shi)二經脈(mo)(mo)(mo)流(liu)注(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)規律,即寅時(shi)(shi)手(shou)(shou)(shou)太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)陰,卯時(shi)(shi)手(shou)(shou)(shou)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)明(ming),辰時(shi)(shi)足(zu)(zu)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)明(ming),巳時(shi)(shi)足(zu)(zu)太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang),午時(shi)(shi)手(shou)(shou)(shou)少(shao)陰,未時(shi)(shi)手(shou)(shou)(shou)太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang),申時(shi)(shi)足(zu)(zu)太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang),酉時(shi)(shi)足(zu)(zu)少(shao)陰,戊時(shi)(shi)手(shou)(shou)(shou)厥(jue)(jue)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang),亥時(shi)(shi)手(shou)(shou)(shou)少(shao)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang),子時(shi)(shi)足(zu)(zu)少(shao)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang),丑(chou)時(shi)(shi)足(zu)(zu)厥(jue)(jue)陰,周而(er)復始(shi)(shi)(shi)地進行(xing)(xing)(xing)著(zhu)。
《靈樞(shu))已指出十二經(jing)(jing)血(xue)氣流(liu)注都(dou)有支別與(yu)任(ren)(ren)、督二脈(mo)交會而成任(ren)(ren)、督流(liu)注,因此十二時辰里的(de)(de)十二經(jing)(jing)脈(mo)的(de)(de)氣血(xue)流(liu)注都(dou)與(yu)任(ren)(ren)、督二脈(mo)有關系。這是血(xue)頭行(xing)走血(xue)道(dao)的(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)依據之(zhi)一。
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