[方劑組(zu)成]人(ren)參(黨參)、白(bai)(bai)術、茯(fu)苓、熟地(黃(huang)(huang)酒拌)、當歸(酒拌)、白(bai)(bai)芍各(ge)三(san)錢,川芎二(er)錢,炙甘草錢半(ban),肉(rou)桂三(san)錢、黃(huang)(huang)芪三(san)錢,生姜三(san)片(pian),大棗二(er)枚(mei)。水(shui)煎服。
[主(zhu)治]治氣血虛弱,兼(jian)腎陽(yang)虛寒者,而見惡寒發熱,自汗盜汗,肢體困倦,眩暈驚悸,晡熱作渴,遺(yi)精(jing)白濁,二便見血,小便短少,便泄閉結,喘咳下墜(zhui)等(deng)癥。
[證侯分析]氣(qi)屬(shu)陽,血屬(shu)陰。腎(shen)為先(xian)(xian)天(tian)(tian)(tian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)本,脾為后(hou)天(tian)(tian)(tian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)本。后(hou)天(tian)(tian)(tian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)氣(qi)得(de)(de)先(xian)(xian)天(tian)(tian)(tian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)氣(qi),則(ze)(ze)生生而不(bu)息(xi);先(xian)(xian)天(tian)(tian)(tian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)氣(qi)得(de)(de)后(hou)天(tian)(tian)(tian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)氣(qi),始(shi)化(hua)(hua)化(hua)(hua)而不(bu)窮(qiong)也(ye)。若夫起居不(bu)慎(shen)則(ze)(ze)傷(shang)腎(shen),腎(shen)傷(shang)則(ze)(ze)先(xian)(xian)天(tian)(tian)(tian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)氣(qi)虛(xu);飲食不(bu)節則(ze)(ze)傷(shang)脾,脾傷(shang)則(ze)(ze)后(hou)天(tian)(tian)(tian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)氣(qi)虛(xu)矣。
脾(pi)(pi)(pi)腎(shen)(shen)元氣(qi)(qi)不(bu)(bu)足(zu),臟腑功能衰(shuai)退,故(gu)(gu)見(jian)肢體困(kun)倦;衛氣(qi)(qi)虛(xu)(xu)弱(ruo)不(bu)(bu)能固密(mi)肌表,則(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)惡寒(han)自汗(han);氣(qi)(qi)虛(xu)(xu)不(bu)(bu)能上(shang)榮頭(tou)目,故(gu)(gu)頭(tou)暈目眩;肺(fei)胃之(zhi)氣(qi)(qi)上(shang)逆則(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)喘咳;氣(qi)(qi)虛(xu)(xu)則(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)血(xue)(xue)(xue)亦虛(xu)(xu),陰(yin)血(xue)(xue)(xue)虧虛(xu)(xu),不(bu)(bu)能養(yang)心,則(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)心神不(bu)(bu)寧,故(gu)(gu)見(jian)晡(bu)熱(re)盜汗(han),驚悸不(bu)(bu)安;津(jin)液(ye)虧虛(xu)(xu),腸失濡潤,故(gu)(gu)便(bian)泄閉(bi)結,小便(bian)短少;脾(pi)(pi)(pi)不(bu)(bu)統血(xue)(xue)(xue),則(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)二便(bian)見(jian)紅;脾(pi)(pi)(pi)虛(xu)(xu)及腎(shen)(shen),或腎(shen)(shen)元本虛(xu)(xu),精關不(bu)(bu)固則(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)遺精白(bai)濁。血(xue)(xue)(xue)虛(xu)(xu)則(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)氣(qi)(qi)無(wu)所(suo)(suo)附,引起虛(xu)(xu)陽(yang)亢奮而(er)(er)見(jian)脾(pi)(pi)(pi)虛(xu)(xu)發(fa)熱(re),陰(yin)火為病(bing),腎(shen)(shen)陽(yang)不(bu)(bu)足(zu),龍火飛騰,故(gu)(gu)治(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)十全大補(bu)(bu)(bu)湯,氣(qi)(qi)血(xue)(xue)(xue)雙(shuang)補(bu)(bu)(bu)而(er)(er)溫腎(shen)(shen)引火歸原,即(ji)所(suo)(suo)謂陰(yin)虛(xu)(xu)無(wu)驟補(bu)(bu)(bu)之(zhi)法,計在培陰(yin)以(yi)藏陽(yang);血(xue)(xue)(xue)脫有(you)生血(xue)(xue)(xue)之(zhi)機,必先(xian)補(bu)(bu)(bu)氣(qi)(qi)。有(you)曰(yue):有(you)時補(bu)(bu)(bu)脾(pi)(pi)(pi)即(ji)所(suo)(suo)以(yi)補(bu)(bu)(bu)腎(shen)(shen),有(you)時補(bu)(bu)(bu)腎(shen)(shen)即(ji)所(suo)(suo)以(yi)治(zhi)(zhi)脾(pi)(pi)(pi),有(you)時必須(xu)脾(pi)(pi)(pi)腎(shen)(shen)同治(zhi)(zhi)而(er)(er)未(wei)可偏執“補(bu)(bu)(bu)脾(pi)(pi)(pi)不(bu)(bu)如補(bu)(bu)(bu)腎(shen)(shen)"或“補(bu)(bu)(bu)腎(shen)(shen)不(bu)(bu)如補(bu)(bu)(bu)脾(pi)(pi)(pi)”之(zhi)說。本方(fang)陰(yin)陽(yang)兩補(bu)(bu)(bu),先(xian)后天兼顧,治(zhi)(zhi)氣(qi)(qi)血(xue)(xue)(xue)兩虛(xu)(xu)而(er)(er)偏于陽(yang)虛(xu)(xu)有(you)寒(han)者(zhe)。
[方解(jie)]治(zhi)(zhi)氣虛以四君(jun),治(zhi)(zhi)血(xue)虛以四物,氣血(xue)俱虛者以八(ba)珍,更加(jia)黃芪、肉桂(gui)則名十(shi)全大補湯(tang),乃(nai)治(zhi)(zhi)氣血(xue)虛弱而(er)(er)兼(jian)(jian)陽(yang)(yang)虛有寒者,或(huo)謂(wei)陰陽(yang)(yang)兩補而(er)(er)偏陽(yang)(yang)虛之劑。若(ruo)方中加(jia)附子(zi)與肉桂(gui)相伍(wu),回陽(yang)(yang)救(jiu)逆(ni),引陽(yang)(yang)歸舍,用治(zhi)(zhi)氣血(xue)虛弱,虛寒在(zai)于內,格陽(yang)(yang)、戴陽(yang)(yang)在(zai)于外(wai)之真寒假熱證,尤合(he)章法。若(ruo)十(shi)全大補湯(tang)去(qu)川(chuan)芎,加(jia)陳皮(pi)、遠志、五味、姜、棗,名人(ren)參養榮湯(tang),較之十(shi)全相似,又(you)兼(jian)(jian)具寧(ning)心安神之效。
在應用(yong)(yong)以(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)方劑時,若因(yin)陰(yin)(yin)(yin)火(huo)熾(chi)(chi)甚,以(yi)(yi)(yi)致傷陰(yin)(yin)(yin),應酌(zhuo)加(jia)柔潤(run)養陰(yin)(yin)(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)品,如(ru)生脈散(san)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)類,否則(ze)過服(fu)柔潤(run)陰(yin)(yin)(yin)藥,以(yi)(yi)(yi)抑脾(pi)氣,必(bi)使(shi)脾(pi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)虛(xu)(xu)陷益(yi)甚。或(huo)(huo)因(yin)脾(pi)氣虛(xu)(xu)甚,以(yi)(yi)(yi)至(zhi)陽(yang)虛(xu)(xu),而應在甘溫劑中(zhong)(zhong)酌(zhuo)加(jia)剛(gang)燥(zao)助陽(yang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)品,必(bi)須適可而止,不(bu)能過多(duo)服(fu)用(yong)(yong)。如(ru)十全大補(bu)(bu)湯(tang)(tang)再加(jia)附子即是(shi)。否則(ze)過服(fu)剛(gang)燥(zao)陽(yang)藥,以(yi)(yi)(yi)劫心(xin)血,必(bi)使(shi)心(xin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)陰(yin)(yin)(yin)火(huo)愈(yu)熾(chi)(chi)。若因(yin)中(zhong)(zhong)氣虛(xu)(xu)寒(han),得冷(leng)即瀉(xie),而浮火(huo)在上(shang)者(zhe),應用(yong)(yong)補(bu)(bu)中(zhong)(zhong)益(yi)氣湯(tang)(tang)則(ze)應刪(shan)去升(sheng)麻、柴胡,以(yi)(yi)(yi)防升(sheng)散(san),稍加(jia)肉桂、炮姜,即所以(yi)(yi)(yi)溫中(zhong)(zhong)補(bu)(bu)虛(xu)(xu),亦(yi)可攝納虛(xu)(xu)火(huo),乃補(bu)(bu)中(zhong)(zhong)益(yi)氣之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)變法。正如(ru)柯韻伯所云(yun):“(補(bu)(bu)中(zhong)(zhong)益(yi)氣湯(tang)(tang))是(shi)方也,用(yong)(yong)以(yi)(yi)(yi)補(bu)(bu)脾(pi),使(shi)地道卑而上(shang)行,亦(yi)可以(yi)(yi)(yi)補(bu)(bu)心(xin)、肺(fei)。損其(qi)(qi)(qi)肺(fei)者(zhe),益(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)氣;損其(qi)(qi)(qi)心(xin)者(zhe),調其(qi)(qi)(qi)營衛也。亦(yi)可以(yi)(yi)(yi)補(bu)(bu)肝(gan)木,郁則(ze)達(da)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也。惟不(bu)宜于腎,陰(yin)(yin)(yin)虛(xu)(xu)于下(xia)者(zhe)不(bu)宜升(sheng),陽(yang)虛(xu)(xu)于下(xia)者(zhe)更(geng)(geng)不(bu)宜升(sheng)也。”陸麗京更(geng)(geng)說:“此為清陽(yang)下(xia)陷者(zhe)言(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),非為下(xia)虛(xu)(xu)而清陽(yang)不(bu)升(sheng)者(zhe)言(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也。倘人之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)兩尺(chi)虛(xu)(xu)微(wei)者(zhe),或(huo)(huo)是(shi)腎中(zhong)(zhong)水竭,或(huo)(huo)是(shi)命門火(huo)衰。”陰(yin)(yin)(yin)薄于下(xia),陽(yang)浮于上(shang),則(ze)不(bu)可妄與升(sheng)舉,若再一升(sheng)提(ti),則(ze)如(ru)大木將搖而拔其(qi)(qi)(qi)本也。
十全大補湯醫案醫案:內虛寒盛、格陽于外
立齋又治府庫王以道(dao)。元氣素弱(ruo),復以考試(shi)積勞,于冬月大發熱,淚出隨凝,目赤露胸,氣息沉(chen)沉(chen)欲絕,脈(mo)洪大鼓(gu)于指,按(an)(an)之(zhi)如無,舌(she)干如刺。此內(nei)真寒而(er)外(wai)假熱也(ye)。令(ling)服十全(quan)大補(bu)湯(tang)。囑曰:服此湯(tang)其(qi)脈(mo)當收斂為善。少頃熟(shu)(shu)睡(shui),覺而(er)惡寒增衣,脈(mo)頓微細如絲。此虛寒之(zhi)真象也(ye)。以人參一兩,熟(shu)(shu)附三(san)錢(qian),水煎(jian)頓服而(er)安(an)。夜(ye)間脈(mo)復脫,乃以參二兩,熟(shu)(shu)附五錢(qian),仍愈。后以大劑參、術、歸身、炙(zhi)草(cao)等藥,調理而(er)愈。(《古今醫(yi)案(an)按(an)(an)》)
按(an):此元氣(qi)本弱,復以(yi)(yi)考試(shi)積勞,傷其(qi)(qi)心脾,內(nei)為虛寒(han)(han),外見假熱(re)(re)(re),故為格(ge)陽(yang)之(zhi)證(zheng)。壯熱(re)(re)(re)露胸(xiong),目(mu)赤淚凝,舌干如刺,似(si)火(huo)(huo)熱(re)(re)(re)之(zhi)象(xiang),但氣(qi)息沉沉欲絕,則是(shi)(shi)虛象(xiang),切(qie)其(qi)(qi)脈洪(hong)大(da)鼓指,按(an)之(zhi)如無,便可(ke)決(jue)為內(nei)有虛寒(han)(han)。虛寒(han)(han)盛于內(nei),是(shi)(shi)病(bing)之(zhi)本;陽(yang)格(ge)于外,是(shi)(shi)病(bing)之(zhi)標。故為標熱(re)(re)(re)本寒(han)(han)、真寒(han)(han)假熱(re)(re)(re)。方用十全大(da)補湯補益氣(qi)血,溫(wen)陽(yang)以(yi)(yi)勝虛寒(han)(han),引火(huo)(huo)以(yi)(yi)歸其(qi)(qi)原(yuan)。繼因(yin)虛寒(han)(han)顯(xian)露,而用大(da)劑參(can)附,溫(wen)腎補元氣(qi),回陽(yang)乃愈。終(zhong)以(yi)(yi)甘溫(wen)之(zhi)劑,調理而安(an)。治本病(bing)抓住“虛寒(han)(han)”二字,便是(shi)(shi)抓住了(le)本質,所(suo)以(yi)(yi)向愈。可(ke)見治病(bing)必求(qiu)其(qi)(qi)本的重要(yao)性。
醫案:腎虛戴陽
朱湘波母病,熱(re)證,痰(tan)盛喘(chuan)急,煩躁口渴,喉中如煙火(huo)上攻,兩(liang)唇焦裂,足心如烙(luo),小便頻數(shu)(shu)。董安于擬用(yong)十全大補煎送八味(wei)丸。朱以時方(fang)(fang)盛暑,又(you)系火(huo)證,不(bu)敢服,招楊商之。切(qie)其(qi)脈洪大而(er)數(shu)(shu)無倫,按之虛(xu)軟,面(mian)色(se)游紅,舌上生刺,且斂束如荔枝。曰(yue):此腎虛(xu),火(huo)不(bu)歸經(jing),脈從而(er)病反者也,當舍時舍癥,從脈以治(zhi)之。方(fang)(fang)用(yong)八味(wei)飲合生脈散,倍(bei)加參、地、附子。朱見(jian)方(fang)(fang)論與董合,乃出所擬方(fang)(fang)示楊。楊曰(yue):天(tian)熱(re)證熱(re),非有灼(zhuo)見(jian),何敢用(yong)此,無庸疑也。乃濃煎探冷(leng)與飲而(er)愈。(《續名醫類(lei)案(an)》)
按(an):此(ci)因夏日傷寒,腎虛(xu)戴陽(yang)證。時(shi)方(fang)盛(sheng)暑(shu),若是陽(yang)暑(shu)當見(jian)(jian)身熱(re)(re)頭痛(tong)(tong),煩(fan)躁(zao)(zao)大(da)(da)渴,大(da)(da)汗,脈洪滑,喜冷水(shui),大(da)(da)便(bian)干結,小便(bian)痛(tong)(tong)赤之(zhi)(zhi)類(lei)。此(ci)則(ze)雖(sui)煩(fan)躁(zao)(zao),口(kou)渴,脈見(jian)(jian)洪大(da)(da)而數(shu)無倫,重按(an)則(ze)虛(xu)軟(ruan),且足心如烙,小便(bian)頻數(shu),咽唇口(kou)舌(she)皆(jie)見(jian)(jian)津虧陰(yin)虛(xu)等(deng)象。此(ci)脾胃氣虛(xu),元陽(yang)不足,假(jia)火之(zhi)(zhi)證。故有面色游紅(hong)等(deng)陰(yin)盛(sheng)格陽(yang)于上(shang)之(zhi)(zhi)征。治宜溫藥(yao)以救其(qi)內,若用寒涼解(jie)暑(shu)等(deng)劑,再(zai)伐陽(yang)氣,其(qi)危(wei)立至(zhi)。勞倦傷脾,暑(shu)熱(re)(re)傷氣,此(ci)本內傷大(da)(da)虛(xu)之(zhi)(zhi)候。天(tian)熱(re)(re)證熱(re)(re),董擬十(shi)全大(da)(da)補(bu)煎送(song)八(ba)味丸,調補(bu)陰(yin)陽(yang)氣血(xue),主溫腎回(hui)陽(yang),楊(yang)用八(ba)味飲合生(sheng)脈散(san)倍加參、地、附(fu)子,甘(gan)溫甘(gan)涼,方(fang)補(bu)氣液,兩顧陰(yin)陽(yang),意在溫腎回(hui)陽(yang)。乃(nai)所見(jian)(jian)略同,皆(jie)為殫精熟慮、辨證入微(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)能手。
醫案:無火、格陽
一人年(nian)六十,痢(li)后入房,精滑白遺,二日(ri)方止。又房勞,感寒怒氣(qi),遂(sui)發寒熱,右脅痛連心胸(xiong),腹痞,自汗、盜汗如雨,四肢厥冷,睡中驚悸,或(huo)覺上升如浮(fu)(fu),或(huo)覺下陷如墮,遂(sui)致廢寢,或(huo)用補藥(yao)二劑益甚。脈浮(fu)(fu)大洪(hong)數,按(an)之微細,此屬無火虛(xu)熱,急與十全大補加山(shan)藥(yao)、山(shan)萸、丹皮、附子一劑,諸證頓愈。(《名醫類案》)
按(an):此案曰屬(shu)“無火虛熱(re)”,即是(shi)元(yuan)(yuan)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)衰(shuai)、陰不(bu)(bu)(bu)足(zu),故為(wei)無火陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)衰(shuai),虛寒格陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)證(zheng)。濕熱(re)傷(shang)脾(pi)(pi),中(zhong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)已虛,房(fang)勞傷(shang)損(sun)(sun),元(yuan)(yuan)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)又虧(kui),感(gan)寒怒氣(qi)(qi)(qi),諸(zhu)證(zheng)而起。脾(pi)(pi)因(yin)濕熱(re)所傷(shang),腎因(yin)房(fang)勞所損(sun)(sun),正氣(qi)(qi)(qi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)足(zu),水虧(kui)木燥,肝失(shi)(shi)所養(yang),而復感(gan)寒怒氣(qi)(qi)(qi),遂(sui)發寒熱(re);氣(qi)(qi)(qi)以怒傷(shang),木郁(yu)無伸則(ze)脅痛連胸,木克脾(pi)(pi)土則(ze)腹為(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)痞(pi);腎水虧(kui)則(ze)心腎不(bu)(bu)(bu)交,而神(shen)色敗,血不(bu)(bu)(bu)養(yang)心,神(shen)無所藏,故有不(bu)(bu)(bu)眠(mian)、驚悸、恍惚(hu)等(deng)癥(zheng);病從元(yuan)(yuan)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)大虛,故寒熱(re)不(bu)(bu)(bu)退(tui);陰陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)兩(liang)(liang)虛,元(yuan)(yuan)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)衰(shuai)竭,火不(bu)(bu)(bu)歸原,故有自汗(han)、盜汗(han)如雨,發熱(re)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)象;陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)不(bu)(bu)(bu)溫暖于四(si)肢,故見厥冷。然用補劑益甚者,并非大謬,但得(de)著眼于脈浮大洪(hong)數,按(an)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)則(ze)微細,其本(ben)(ben)在于元(yuan)(yuan)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大虛。蓋(gai)“陰陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)俱虛者,陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)為(wei)生氣(qi)(qi)(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)本(ben)(ben)”,必以陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)中(zhong)求陰,乃得(de)溫腎而愈。故方(fang)用十全加(jia)山藥、山茱(zhu)萸(yu)、牡丹皮、附子,尤附桂(gui)相伍而用,于氣(qi)(qi)(qi)血兩(liang)(liang)補,陰陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)兼顧之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong),乃是(shi)取方(fang)用藥之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)妙處,故一劑而諸(zhu)證(zheng)頓(dun)失(shi)(shi)。
醫案:陰盛格陽
楊乖六族弟,患(huan)熱(re)證(zheng)六七日不(bu)(bu)解,口(kou)渴便秘(mi),發狂(kuang)逾墻上(shang)屋,赤(chi)身馳騁,譫妄罵(ma)詈(li),不(bu)(bu)避親疏,覆蓋盡去,不(bu)(bu)欲近衣,如是者五(wu)(wu)日……楊視之良久(jiu),見其(qi)(qi)面若無(wu)神,兩目(mu)瞪視,其(qi)(qi)言(yan)動(dong)甚,壯勁(jing)有力,意(yi)以為(wei)胃(wei)中(zhong)熱(re)甚,上(shang)乘于心,心為(wei)熱(re)冒,故神昏而狂(kuang)言(yan)耳。不(bu)(bu)然何口(kou)渴、便秘(mi)?白(bai)(bai)虎、涼膈(ge)等證(zheng)悉具耶(ye)。及診其(qi)(qi)脈,豁大無(wu)倫,重(zhong)按則空,驗其(qi)(qi)舌黃上(shang)加黑,而滋(zi)潤(run)不(bu)(bu)燥(zao),乃知其(qi)(qi)證(zheng)由陰盛(sheng)于內,逼陽于外,雖壯勁(jing)有力,乃外假(jia)熱(re)內真寒也。其(qi)(qi)陽氣大虧,神不(bu)(bu)守舍,元神飛越(yue)……遂以養榮(rong)湯加附子,倍棗仁、五(wu)(wu)味、白(bai)(bai)芍(shao),濃煎與之。一(yi)劑狂(kuang)妄悉除,神疲力倦,熟睡周時方寤,渴止食進,而便通(tong)矣(yi)。繼(ji)用補中(zhong)益氣加白(bai)(bai)芍(shao)、五(wu)(wu)味而痊。(《續名醫類案》,引后(hou)略作刪節)
醫案:假火
朱氏媼(ao)患熱證(zheng),痞悶眼赤(chi)羞明,遍身瘡(chuang)腫,大便燥(zao)結,小(xiao)水(shui)痛(tong)澀,聞聲則(ze)惕(ti)然(ran)而(er)驚(jing),醫(yi)與解毒清火(huo)導(dao)赤(chi)十余劑,火(huo)益甚(shen),不(bu)食(shi)不(bu)眠。脈之(zhi),浮分鼓(gu)指,沉(chen)則(ze)緩(huan)大,兩關洪軟而(er)遲。知其外癥悉假火(huo)也,與參附養榮(rong)湯,不(bu)敢服(fu)。楊曰:此證(zheng)本(ben)(ben)為憂慮所傷(shang),致(zhi)三陰虧(kui)損(sun),又(you)為寒涼所迫(po),致(zhi)虛(xu)火(huo)游(you)行,沖于(yu)(yu)上則(ze)兩目赤(chi)澀,流于(yu)(yu)下則(ze)二便艱難,乘于(yu)(yu)外則(ze)遍身瘡(chuang)腫,寒于(yu)(yu)中則(ze)胸(xiong)膈痞悶。故其標則(ze)似實熱,其本(ben)(ben)則(ze)甚(shen)虛(xu)寒也。若果系實熱,何以聞響則(ze)驚(jing),寒涼頻進,而(er)反(fan)甚(shen)耶。藥下咽,即臥至五更,大叫(jiao)餓甚(shen),自寅及已,連進粥三次,大便潤而(er)小(xiao)便長(chang),諸癥悉退。原方去附子,十余劑全(quan)瘳(chou)。(《續名(ming)醫(yi)類(lei)案》)
按:上二案,男(nan)(nan)病陰(yin)(yin)盛(sheng)格陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang),女(nv)(nv)病假(jia)火之(zhi)證(zheng),皆為(wei)真寒假(jia)熱。男(nan)(nan)病熱證(zheng)見口渴、便(bian)(bian)秘、發(fa)狂、譫(zhan)妄等一派(pai)似(si)屬(shu)內(nei)為(wei)熱甚之(zhi)狀,但及診(zhen)其(qi)脈(mo)(mo)則豁大(da)無倫(lun),重按則空,舌黃黑而滋(zi)潤不(bu)燥,便(bian)(bian)決(jue)為(wei)陰(yin)(yin)盛(sheng)于(yu)內(nei),逼陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)于(yu)外證(zheng);女(nv)(nv)病熱證(zheng),見兩目(mu)赤澀(se)、二便(bian)(bian)艱(jian)難、遍身瘡腫等一派(pai)似(si)屬(shu)三焦火毒之(zhi)象,但及診(zhen)其(qi)脈(mo)(mo)則浮取鼓指,沉則緩大(da),兩關洪軟(ruan)而遲(chi),胸(xiong)膈(ge)痞悶,聞鳴則驚,得(de)涼反甚,便(bian)(bian)診(zhen)為(wei)內(nei)寒外熱假(jia)火證(zheng)。男(nan)(nan)病之(zhi)本(ben),在于(yu)氣(qi)(qi)血(xue)不(bu)足,陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)氣(qi)(qi)大(da)虧,而神氣(qi)(qi)外浮,格陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)于(yu)外;女(nv)(nv)病之(zhi)本(ben),因于(yu)憂慮所(suo)(suo)傷,三陰(yin)(yin)虧損,氣(qi)(qi)血(xue)不(bu)足而虛(xu)火浮游(you),假(jia)火為(wei)證(zheng)。雖(sui)病情(qing)有別而病本(ben)則同,故皆用養(yang)榮湯(tang)加附子等,以溫寒回陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang),補氣(qi)(qi)養(yang)血(xue),便(bian)(bian)能(neng)轉旋造化。然陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)可引而歸之(zhi),氣(qi)(qi)可招而至之(zhi),血(xue)雖(sui)易(yi)虧而難成,也即容易(yi)恢(hui)復矣。總(zong)之(zhi),古人(ren)治虛(xu)雖(sui)屬(shu)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)虛(xu),亦(yi)必(bi)補陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)以配陰(yin)(yin),陰(yin)(yin)虛(xu)之(zhi)病亦(yi)須補陰(yin)(yin)以配陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)。所(suo)(suo)謂坎(kan)水(shui)離火,相互交濟,陰(yin)(yin)不(bu)能(neng)孤生,陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)不(bu)能(neng)獨長(chang),亦(yi)即“陰(yin)(yin)生陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)長(chang),陰(yin)(yin)平(ping)陰(yin)(yin)秘,精神乃治”之(zhi)意(yi)也。故為(wei)醫者,治病必(bi)先(xian)審(shen)陰(yin)(yin)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang),為(wei)辨(bian)證(zheng)論治之(zhi)指南。
——本文摘自《寒(han)熱真假(jia)辨證一百案》
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