腦(nao)(nao)(nao)溢血(xue)和腦(nao)(nao)(nao)血(xue)栓(shuan)，蛛網(wang)膜下腔出血(xue)。高血(xue)壓(ya)腦(nao)(nao)(nao)腦(nao)(nao)(nao)栓(shuan)塞，腦(nao)(nao)(nao)血(xue)意(yi)外不可(ke)忽。中醫統稱“中風”癥，臨床發病驟(zou)突然。突然仆倒呈昏(hun)迷，長達數(shu)天數(shu)小時。有(you)的昏(hun)迷而身(shen)死(si)，醒(xing)后(hou)往(wang)往(wang)有(you)后(hou)遺。口(kou)眼(yan)歪斜久(jiu)不愈，半(ban)身(shen)不遂(sui)動不靈。

注：腦(nao)血(xue)(xue)管意(yi)外(wai)病包括腦(nao)溢血(xue)(xue)、腦(nao)血(xue)(xue)栓(shuan)(shuan)形成，腦(nao)栓(shuan)(shuan)塞(sai)、蛛網膜下腔(qiang)出(chu)血(xue)(xue)和高血(xue)(xue)壓腦(nao)病等。統屬中醫(yi)“中風”范圍。臨床多以突(tu)然(ran)發病，重的昏仆倒(dao)地，昏迷不(bu)醒(xing)、甚至(zhi)搶救無(wu)效而身死。輕者醒(xing)后，往(wang)往(wang)留(liu)有口眼歪斜(xie)，語言不(bu)利(li)，半身不(bu)遂等后遺癥。

由于臟腑(fu)氣血虧損(sun)，功能失調，在此情況(kuang)下，如遇外邪(xie)侵襲，或因憂思惱怒，飲酒無度，飲食不(bu)節，房勞過度等(deng)，均能誘發此病(bing)。輕者出(chu)(chu)現經絡(luo)癥侯，重者導致腎陰虧損(sun)，肝陽(yang)暴(bao)漲，氣血挾痰火(huo)橫竄經絡(luo)，擾動(dong)心神、蒙(meng)蔽清竅，入臟入腑(fu)，出(chu)(chu)現閉癥或脫癥。

閉癥

突然跌倒昏(hun)不醒(xing)，兩手(shou)握(wo)固(gu)牙關(guan)緊。面赤氣粗(cu)二便(bian)閉(bi)，痰(tan)聲如鋸脈弦緊。還有陰閉(bi)痰(tan)壅盛(sheng)，面白(bai)唇紫肢不溫。閉(bi)癥治(zhi)宜先開竅，水溝人中(zhong)十宣針(zhen)。牙緊擦(ca)牙開關(guan)散(san)，陽閉(bi)至寶陰蘇合。神識清醒(xing)繼服藥，熄風豁(huo)痰(tan)潛肝陽。陽癥鎮肝熄風治(zhi)，白(bai)芍牛(niu)膝(xi)生(sheng)龍(long)牡(mu)。元(yuan)參(can)生(sheng)地夏枯草，菊花鉤藤石決明。陰癥加(jia)味導(dao)痰(tan)治(zhi)，陳皮半夏膽南星。茯苓天麻(ma)石菖蒲，郁金(jin)枳實草鉤藤。

方藥：

鎮肝熄風湯加味：

淮牛膝15g 生(sheng)龍骨15g 生(sheng)牡(mu)蠣20g 白芍12g 元參13g 夏枯(ku)草15g 生(sheng)地15g 石決明30g 菊花15g 鉤(gou)藤10g

導痰湯加味：

法半(ban)夏(xia)12g 陳皮10g 茯苓20g 甘草6g 炒(chao)枳實(shi)10g 天麻10g 膽南星10g 石(shi)菖蒲10g 郁(yu)金10g 鉤藤(teng)10g

注(zhu)：肝(gan)陽暴(bao)亢，引動(dong)肝(gan)風(feng)(feng)，氣(qi)血(xue)上(shang)逆(ni)，痰(tan)火壅(yong)盛，清竅(qiao)閉(bi)塞，故突然(ran)昏仆，人事不省、牙關緊閉(bi)，兩(liang)手握固。內風(feng)(feng)挾痰(tan)火上(shang)擾，故面(mian)赤氣(qi)粗(cu)，痰(tan)如(ru)拽鋸，二便閉(bi)塞、舌苔(tai)黃膩(ni)，脈弦滑(hua)數。此(ci)癥屬于“陽閉(bi)”。如(ru)肝(gan)風(feng)(feng)內動(dong)，痰(tan)濁郁壅(yong)，風(feng)(feng)痰(tan)偏盛，上(shang)壅(yong)清竅(qiao)，面(mian)白唇(chun)紫，四肢冰(bing)冷，苔(tai)白滑(hua)膩(ni)，脈象沉滑(hua)，此(ci)屬“陰閉(bi)”。

鎮肝(gan)(gan)熄(xi)(xi)風(feng)(feng)湯加味(wei)主治“陽(yang)閉”之癥。方中生地，龍(long)骨，牡蠣(li)，石決明滋陰潛陽(yang)；牛膝、白(bai)芍，元(yuan)參，鉤藤，菊花(hua)，夏枯草清(qing)肝(gan)(gan)降火，清(qing)熱熄(xi)(xi)風(feng)(feng)。火降風(feng)(feng)熄(xi)(xi)，氣血(xue)不上逆，神志得(de)以復(fu)蘇。

導痰(tan)湯(tang)加味主治“陰閉"之(zhi)癥。方中茯(fu)苓、法半(ban)夏(xia)，陳皮(pi)，甘草，枳(zhi)實，膽南(nan)星健脾理氣，化痰(tan)熄風(feng)；天麻、菖蒲，郁金，鉤藤熄風(feng)豁痰(tan)，開竅醒(xing)神。風(feng)痰(tan)祛則清竅蘇，諸癥自消。

腦出血(xue)能(neng)治愈(yu)嗎

腦出血（cerebral hemorrhage）是指非外傷性腦實質內血管破裂引起的出血，占全部腦卒中的20%～30%，急性期病死率為30%～40%。發生的原因主要與腦血管的病變有關，即與高血脂、糖尿病、高血壓、血管的老化、吸煙等密切相關。腦出血的患者往往由于情緒激動、費勁用力時突然發病，早期死亡率很高，幸存者中多數留有不同程度的運動障礙、認知障礙、言語吞咽障礙等后遺癥。

治療
治療原則為安靜臥床、脫水降顱壓、調整血壓、防止繼續出血、加強護理維持生命功能。防治并發癥，以挽救生命，降低死亡率、殘疾率，減少復發。
1.一般應臥床休息2～4周，保持安靜，避免情緒激動和血壓升高。嚴密觀察體溫、脈搏、呼吸和血壓等生命體征，注意瞳孔變化和意識改變。
2.保持呼吸道通暢，清理呼吸道分泌物或吸入物。必要時及時行氣管插管或切開術；有意識障礙、消化道出血者禁食24～48小時，必要時應排空胃內容物。
3.水、電解質平衡和營養，每日入液量可按尿量+500ml計算，如有高熱、多汗、嘔吐，維持中心靜脈壓在5～12mmHg水平。注意防止水電解質紊亂，以免加重腦水腫。每日補鈉、補鉀、糖類、補充熱量，必要時給脂肪乳劑注射液（脂肪乳）、人血白蛋白、氨基酸或能量合劑等。
4.調整血糖，血糖過高或過低者，應及時糾正，維持血糖水平在6～9mmol/L之間。
5.明顯頭痛、過度煩躁不安者，可酌情適當給予鎮靜止痛劑；便秘者可選用緩瀉劑。
6.降低顱內壓，腦出血后腦水腫約在48小時達到高峰，維持3～5天后逐漸消退，可持續2～3周或更長。腦水腫可使顱內壓增高，并致腦疝形成，是影響腦出血死亡率及功能恢復的主要因素。積極控制腦水腫、降低顱內壓是腦出血急性期治療的重要環節。
7.一般來說，病情危重致顱內壓過高出現腦疝，內科保守治療效果不佳時，應及時進行外科手術治療。
8.康復(fu)治(zhi)療(liao)，腦出血后，只要(yao)患者的生(sheng)(sheng)命體征平穩(wen)、病情不再(zai)進展，宜盡早(zao)進行康復(fu)治(zhi)療(liao)。早(zao)期分階段綜合(he)康復(fu)治(zhi)療(liao)對恢復(fu)患者的神經功能，提高生(sheng)(sheng)活質量(liang)有益。

腦溢血(xue)如何治療(liao)

疾病治療
高血壓腦出血的治療可分為內科保守治療和外科手術治療。近年來的調查表明，早期手術清除血腫可以使病死顯著降低。
內科治療
患者出血量不多，神經功能損害較輕，或者患者一般情況較差不能奶手術治療的患者可選擇內科保守治療。內科治療的原則在于：脫水降顱壓、減輕腦水腫，調整血壓；防止再出血；減輕血腫造成的繼發性損害，促進神經功能恢復；防止并發癥。 1.一般治療：安靜休息，一般臥床休息2~4周。保持呼吸道通暢，防止舌根后墜，必要時行氣管切開，有意識障礙、血氧飽和度下降的患者應予以吸氧。危重患者應予以心電監測，進行體溫、血壓、呼吸等生命體征的監測； 2.控制血壓：腦出血患者血壓會反射性升高，而過高的血壓則會更加引起出血增加，而過低的血壓又會影響到健康腦組織的血供，所以對于腦出血患者，應該選用較為有效的降壓藥物將血壓控制在發病之前的基礎血壓水平。 3. 控制腦水腫，降低顱內壓：顱內壓的升高可引起患者較為明顯的癥狀如惡心、嘔吐等，嚴重的還會引起腦疝導致生命危險。所以降低顱內壓控制腦水腫是腦出血治療的總要措施，發病早期可用甘露醇脫水，并輔助以呋塞米進行脫水，同時注意監測患者腎功能，注意復查血電解質情況防止水電解質紊亂。 4.預防并發癥：可預防性使用抗生素以及降低胃酸分泌的藥物防止肺部感染及上消化道應激性潰瘍的發生。早期可行胃腸減壓一來可觀察是否存在應激性潰瘍，二來可減輕患者胃腸道麻痹引起的腹脹，避免胃內容物因嘔吐而發生吸入性肺炎。
外科治療
高(gao)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)腦(nao)(nao)(nao)(nao)(nao)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)療(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)最(zui)終目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)清(qing)(qing)(qing)除(chu)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)腫(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，減輕腦(nao)(nao)(nao)(nao)(nao)組織受(shou)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)，盡(jin)最(zui)大(da)(da)努力保證神經功(gong)能(neng)，減少(shao)或防(fang)止腦(nao)(nao)(nao)(nao)(nao)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)后(hou)(hou)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)系列繼發(fa)性病(bing)(bing)理(li)變化(hua)。 1.手(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)適(shi)(shi)應(ying)(ying)(ying)癥(zheng)(zheng)：目(mu)前(qian)認(ren)為(wei)(wei)(wei)，患(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)無(wu)意識(shi)障礙(ai)(ai)時(shi)(shi)多無(wu)需(xu)(xu)手(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)；有(you)明(ming)(ming)(ming)顯(xian)意識(shi)障礙(ai)(ai)、腦(nao)(nao)(nao)(nao)(nao)疝(shan)尚(shang)不(bu)明(ming)(ming)(ming)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，外(wai)科(ke)(ke)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)療(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)明(ming)(ming)(ming)顯(xian)優于(yu)(yu)內(nei)(nei)科(ke)(ke)；深(shen)昏迷患(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)、雙瞳(tong)擴(kuo)大(da)(da)、生命(ming)體(ti)征趨于(yu)(yu)衰竭者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，內(nei)(nei)外(wai)科(ke)(ke)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)療(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)方(fang)(fang)法均不(bu)理(li)想。目(mu)前(qian)手(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)適(shi)(shi)應(ying)(ying)(ying)癥(zheng)(zheng)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)參考(kao)(kao)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)下幾點考(kao)(kao)慮：大(da)(da)腦(nao)(nao)(nao)(nao)(nao)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)量(liang)大(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)30ml，小(xiao)腦(nao)(nao)(nao)(nao)(nao)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)量(liang)大(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)10ml；患(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)后(hou)(hou)意識(shi)障礙(ai)(ai)情(qing)(qing)況，I級(ji)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)不(bu)需(xu)(xu)手(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)，V級(ji)病(bing)(bing)情(qing)(qing)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)于(yu)(yu)晚期(qi)也(ye)(ye)無(wu)法手(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)，II級(ji)~IV級(ji)需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)手(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)療(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)，II級(ji)患(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)若一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)情(qing)(qing)況可(ke)(ke)，也(ye)(ye)可(ke)(ke)首(shou)選內(nei)(nei)科(ke)(ke)保守治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)療(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)，根據(ju)病(bing)(bing)情(qing)(qing)變化(hua)再(zai)(zai)(zai)決定(ding)，IV級(ji)患(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)若出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)短出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)量(liang)大(da)(da)，進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)展快(kuai)，腦(nao)(nao)(nao)(nao)(nao)疝(shan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)成時(shi)(shi)間(jian)長，則無(wu)法手(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)；另外(wai)，位置較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)為(wei)(wei)(wei)表(biao)淺的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)多可(ke)(ke)手(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)，而較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)為(wei)(wei)(wei)深(shen)在出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)如(ru)腦(nao)(nao)(nao)(nao)(nao)干局部(bu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)，若無(wu)意識(shi)障礙(ai)(ai)，可(ke)(ke)保守治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)療(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)。對(dui)于(yu)(yu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)量(liang)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)少(shao)但(dan)患(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)病(bing)(bing)情(qing)(qing)明(ming)(ming)(ming)顯(xian)加重(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)警惕是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)存在持(chi)續出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)，術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)前(qian)應(ying)(ying)(ying)充分考(kao)(kao)慮。此外(wai)，患(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)情(qing)(qing)況需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)考(kao)(kao)慮，是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)存在心肺功(gong)能(neng)下降(jiang)，高(gao)齡(ling)患(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)手(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)后(hou)(hou)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)恢復(fu)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)差，效(xiao)果一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)，選擇(ze)(ze)手(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)慎重(zhong)。 2.手(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)前(qian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)準備：腦(nao)(nao)(nao)(nao)(nao)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)手(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)應(ying)(ying)(ying)盡(jin)早(zao)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)，長時(shi)(shi)間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)腫(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)迫可(ke)(ke)導(dao)(dao)致腦(nao)(nao)(nao)(nao)(nao)細(xi)胞(bao)功(gong)能(neng)受(shou)損，并(bing)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)現(xian)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)為(wei)(wei)(wei)嚴重(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)并(bing)發(fa)癥(zheng)(zheng)，手(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)早(zao)期(qi)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)有(you)利于(yu)(yu)提高(gao)腦(nao)(nao)(nao)(nao)(nao)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)愈(yu)率以(yi)及患(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生活質(zhi)量(liang)。腦(nao)(nao)(nao)(nao)(nao)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)雖(sui)然是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)種急(ji)(ji)診，但(dan)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)前(qian)準備仍然要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)充分，術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)前(qian)正確(que)(que)處理(li)患(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)癥(zheng)(zheng)狀(zhuang)對(dui)手(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)成功(gong)與否(fou)(fou)也(ye)(ye)有(you)著重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影響。術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)前(qian)應(ying)(ying)(ying)保證患(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)呼吸(xi)道通暢(chang)，防(fang)止誤吸(xi)，術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)前(qian)應(ying)(ying)(ying)用(yong)脫水降(jiang)顱(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)藥物(wu)，并(bing)有(you)效(xiao)控(kong)制血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)防(fang)止在手(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)中出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)現(xian)再(zai)(zai)(zai)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)，術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)前(qian)常(chang)規需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)頭顱(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)CT檢查明(ming)(ming)(ming)確(que)(que)診斷，盡(jin)快(kuai)排除(chu)手(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)禁忌癥(zheng)(zheng)后(hou)(hou)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)手(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)療(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)。 3.手(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)選擇(ze)(ze)：手(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)選擇(ze)(ze)需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)綜(zong)合患(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)情(qing)(qing)況、出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)部(bu)位、出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)量(liang)等(deng)，常(chang)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)手(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)開(kai)(kai)顱(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)清(qing)(qing)(qing)除(chu)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)腫(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、穿(chuan)刺(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)抽(chou)吸(xi)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)腫(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、腦(nao)(nao)(nao)(nao)(nao)室穿(chuan)刺(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)引(yin)(yin)(yin)流血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)腫(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)等(deng)。 （1）開(kai)(kai)顱(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)清(qing)(qing)(qing)除(chu)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)腫(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)：是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)為(wei)(wei)(wei)常(chang)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)腦(nao)(nao)(nao)(nao)(nao)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)療(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)手(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)段(duan)，出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)量(liang)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)患(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)常(chang)需(xu)(xu)行(xing)(xing)(xing)開(kai)(kai)顱(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)手(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)，如(ru)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)底節(jie)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)常(chang)需(xu)(xu)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)開(kai)(kai)顱(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)清(qing)(qing)(qing)除(chu)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)腫(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，傳(chuan)統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)手(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)段(duan)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)大(da)(da)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)瓣打開(kai)(kai)顱(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)，剪開(kai)(kai)硬腦(nao)(nao)(nao)(nao)(nao)膜(mo)后(hou)(hou)暴露腦(nao)(nao)(nao)(nao)(nao)組織，以(yi)距(ju)離(li)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)腫(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)最(zui)近處切(qie)開(kai)(kai)腦(nao)(nao)(nao)(nao)(nao)皮質(zhi)，在直視下清(qing)(qing)(qing)除(chu)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)腫(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，嚴密止血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)后(hou)(hou)關顱(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)，根據(ju)手(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)中情(qing)(qing)況決定(ding)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)去(qu)(qu)除(chu)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)瓣。這(zhe)(zhe)種手(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)(shi)(shi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)急(ji)(ji)診手(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)最(zui)常(chang)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，也(ye)(ye)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)為(wei)(wei)(wei)緊急(ji)(ji)、快(kuai)捷的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)手(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)(shi)(shi)，但(dan)其缺點在于(yu)(yu)手(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)創傷(shang)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)大(da)(da)，術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)后(hou)(hou)恢復(fu)慢。目(mu)前(qian)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)導(dao)(dao)開(kai)(kai)顱(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)清(qing)(qing)(qing)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)腫(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)手(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)(shi)(shi)已基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)本改(gai)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)，在急(ji)(ji)診手(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)時(shi)(shi)首(shou)先行(xing)(xing)(xing)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)小(xiao)手(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)切(qie)口，在去(qu)(qu)除(chu)小(xiao)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)窗(chuang)后(hou)(hou)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)顯(xian)微(wei)鏡下血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)腫(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)清(qing)(qing)(qing)除(chu)，根據(ju)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)中情(qing)(qing)況再(zai)(zai)(zai)決定(ding)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)擴(kuo)大(da)(da)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)窗(chuang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)面(mian)積以(yi)及是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)去(qu)(qu)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)瓣等(deng)。目(mu)前(qian)小(xiao)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)窗(chuang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)療(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)腦(nao)(nao)(nao)(nao)(nao)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)以(yi)得(de)到神經外(wai)科(ke)(ke)醫師的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)廣(guang)泛(fan)認(ren)可(ke)(ke)，并(bing)在臨床(chuang)上(shang)熟練(lian)運用(yong)。由(you)(you)于(yu)(yu)改(gai)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)后(hou)(hou)手(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)創傷(shang)小(xiao)，術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)后(hou)(hou)患(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)恢復(fu)快(kuai)，手(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)效(xiao)果好，值得(de)推廣(guang)，其缺陷在于(yu)(yu)部(bu)分基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)層醫院(yuan)并(bing)不(bu)具備一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)醫療(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)條件，全(quan)面(mian)推廣(guang)還需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)。 （2）穿(chuan)刺(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)抽(chou)吸(xi)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)腫(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)：這(zhe)(zhe)種治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)療(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)(shi)(shi)適(shi)(shi)用(yong)于(yu)(yu)各(ge)(ge)部(bu)位腦(nao)(nao)(nao)(nao)(nao)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)，深(shen)部(bu)腦(nao)(nao)(nao)(nao)(nao)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)尤為(wei)(wei)(wei)適(shi)(shi)用(yong)，主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)方(fang)(fang)法是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)應(ying)(ying)(ying)用(yong)CT引(yin)(yin)(yin)導(dao)(dao)或者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)立體(ti)定(ding)向引(yin)(yin)(yin)導(dao)(dao)，選擇(ze)(ze)距(ju)離(li)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)腫(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)最(zui)近的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)穿(chuan)刺(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)點，并(bing)離(li)開(kai)(kai)功(gong)能(neng)區，進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)顱(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)鉆孔，在定(ding)位和定(ding)向的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)礎上(shang)向血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)腫(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)內(nei)(nei)穿(chuan)刺(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)，再(zai)(zai)(zai)輔助(zhu)以(yi)負壓(ya)(ya)(ya)吸(xi)引(yin)(yin)(yin)，可(ke)(ke)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)去(qu)(qu)除(chu)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)大(da)(da)部(bu)分的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)腫(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。這(zhe)(zhe)種手(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)(shi)(shi)創傷(shang)很小(xiao)，但(dan)其局限(xian)于(yu)(yu)僅(jin)為(wei)(wei)(wei)細(xi)針(zhen)穿(chuan)刺(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)，血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)腫(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)并(bing)非為(wei)(wei)(wei)均一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)圓(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)狀(zhuang)態，一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)手(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)僅(jin)能(neng)解(jie)除(chu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)部(bu)分血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)腫(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)迫，剩(sheng)余(yu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)腫(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)依(yi)(yi)然存在，其分解(jie)產物(wu)依(yi)(yi)舊會對(dui)腦(nao)(nao)(nao)(nao)(nao)細(xi)胞(bao)產生毒(du)害作用(yong)，而且(qie)這(zhe)(zhe)種手(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)(shi)(shi)對(dui)手(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)高(gao)，若一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)性抽(chou)吸(xi)過多血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)腫(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，可(ke)(ke)能(neng)造成遠隔部(bu)位的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)再(zai)(zai)(zai)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)，所以(yi)臨床(chuang)上(shang)目(mu)前(qian)還沒有(you)廣(guang)泛(fan)推廣(guang)。 （3）腦(nao)(nao)(nao)(nao)(nao)室穿(chuan)刺(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)引(yin)(yin)(yin)流血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)腫(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)：顧名思義，主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)腦(nao)(nao)(nao)(nao)(nao)室內(nei)(nei)穿(chuan)刺(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)，適(shi)(shi)應(ying)(ying)(ying)癥(zheng)(zheng)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)針(zhen)對(dui)腦(nao)(nao)(nao)(nao)(nao)室內(nei)(nei)積血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)，手(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)常(chang)規行(xing)(xing)(xing)腦(nao)(nao)(nao)(nao)(nao)室角穿(chuan)刺(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)，放置引(yin)(yin)(yin)流管，術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)后(hou)(hou)應(ying)(ying)(ying)用(yong)尿激酶等(deng)融化(hua)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)塊藥物(wu)，使(shi)得(de)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)腫(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)能(neng)由(you)(you)引(yin)(yin)(yin)流管逐漸引(yin)(yin)(yin)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)，當(dang)顱(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)內(nei)(nei)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)明(ming)(ming)(ming)顯(xian)升(sheng)高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)候，腦(nao)(nao)(nao)(nao)(nao)室外(wai)引(yin)(yin)(yin)流手(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)還可(ke)(ke)以(yi)有(you)效(xiao)減低顱(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)內(nei)(nei)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)，放置腦(nao)(nao)(nao)(nao)(nao)疝(shan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)形(xing)(xing)(xing)成。 外(wai)科(ke)(ke)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)療(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)腦(nao)(nao)(nao)(nao)(nao)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)為(wei)(wei)(wei)明(ming)(ming)(ming)確(que)(que)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)法，術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)后(hou)(hou)需(xu)(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)有(you)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)為(wei)(wei)(wei)妥善的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)患(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)管理(li)，術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)后(hou)(hou)應(ying)(ying)(ying)還要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)注意患(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)情(qing)(qing)況，控(kong)制性降(jiang)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)防(fang)止再(zai)(zai)(zai)次(ci)(ci)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)，術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)后(hou)(hou)應(ying)(ying)(ying)用(yong)脫水藥物(wu)防(fang)止顱(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)內(nei)(nei)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)過高(gao)，防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)并(bing)發(fa)癥(zheng)(zheng)，監(jian)測患(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)各(ge)(ge)重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)臟器(qi)功(gong)能(neng)，加強術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)后(hou)(hou)護理(li)，維持(chi)水電解(jie)質(zhi)平衡。術(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)后(hou)(hou)應(ying)(ying)(ying)早(zao)期(qi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)功(gong)能(neng)鍛煉

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