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俞慎初老道醫中醫臨床用藥經驗

健康生活 2023-09-20 12:00:40

俞老(lao)常指(zhi)出,醫生臨(lin)證既(ji)要掌(zhang)握病情,又要熟(shu)練運(yun)用(yong)(yong)(yong)藥(yao)(yao)物,才(cai)能(neng)除病神(shen)速,獲效顯(xian)著。古人(ren)云(yun)“用(yong)(yong)(yong)藥(yao)(yao)如(ru)用(yong)(yong)(yong)兵",只(zhi)有認真辨證用(yong)(yong)(yong)藥(yao)(yao),且了解藥(yao)(yao)物性能(neng)并(bing)靈活運(yun)用(yong)(yong)(yong)它,方可藥(yao)(yao)證合拍(pai),藥(yao)(yao)到(dao)病除。以下介紹俞老(lao)的部分臨(lin)床用(yong)(yong)(yong)藥(yao)(yao)經(jing)驗。

其一,藥量輕重相宜。

凡(fan)治(zhi)療病邪(xie)(xie)在(zai)(zai)表(biao),病位在(zai)(zai)外、在(zai)(zai)上者,尤以(yi)“輕(qing)(qing)(qing)清”見長,用(yong)藥既選“輕(qing)(qing)(qing)清宣(xuan)透”之品,又取“劑(ji)(ji)小藥物”。處方中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)藥味一般在(zai)(zai)8~10種之間(jian),用(yong)量(liang)也偏輕(qing)(qing)(qing),如治(zhi)外感表(biao)證(zheng),每(mei)用(yong)辛散輕(qing)(qing)(qing)宣(xuan)的(de)(de)(de)荊(jing)芥、薄荷、防風、桑葉、菊花、銀(yin)花、連翹、竹(zhu)葉等(deng),藥量(liang)大多僅用(yong)6g。俞(yu)老治(zhi)外感頭痛所用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)“加減(jian)川芎茶調(diao)散”(川芎6g,羌活6g,薄荷5g,白芷6g,荊(jing)芥5g,防風6g,細辛3g,蔓(man)荊(jing)子(zi)6g,甘草3g),用(yong)藥輕(qing)(qing)(qing)巧,以(yi)輕(qing)(qing)(qing)清取勝。治(zhi)咳嗽的(de)(de)(de)加減(jian)止嗽散中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)荊(jing)芥、百部、陳皮、杏(xing)仁、浙(zhe)貝、款冬花等(deng)藥用(yong)量(liang)也多在(zai)(zai)5~6g,旨在(zai)(zai)輕(qing)(qing)(qing)宣(xuan)肺經之邪(xie)(xie),然而俞(yu)老治(zhi)療慢性頑疾,或病情(qing)重(zhong)、病勢急之證(zheng),則每(mei)用(yong)重(zhong)劑(ji)(ji),認為(wei)非重(zhong)劑(ji)(ji)難以(yi)奏(zou)效。尤其是方中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)主藥,用(yong)量(liang)重(zhong)才(cai)能直達病所,挫其病勢。

例如俞老治(zhi)一例暴喘重(zhong)證患者(zhe),曾用(yong)(yong)來(lai)復湯(山茱萸(yu)60g,生龍(long)牡各(ge)30g,白(bai)芍18g,黨參15g,炙草(cao)6g),并配以(yi)山茱萸(yu)60g單味濃(nong)煎服。山茱萸(yu)有補腎斂氣固脫(tuo)的(de)作用(yong)(yong),用(yong)(yong)量重(zhong)而療效佳.又如治(zhi)脾虛水腫的(de)加減五(wu)皮(pi)(pi)飲(黃芪30g,帶皮(pi)(pi)苓30g,赤小(xiao)豆(dou)15g,桑白(bai)皮(pi)(pi)15g,地骨皮(pi)(pi)12g,陳(chen)皮(pi)(pi)5g,地膽草(cao)30g,五(wu)加皮(pi)(pi)12g,澤瀉12g,車(che)前子12g),重(zhong)用(yong)(yong)方中主藥,臨床每獲良效。治(zhi)療中風偏癱的(de)補陽還五(wu)湯中黃芪的(de)用(yong)(yong)量,多在30g以(yi)上。

俞(yu)老應用(yong)礦物(wu)和貝殼類藥物(wu),同樣以重劑量取效。例如近2年來俞(yu)老曾(ceng)用(yong)石(shi)膏30~60g,配(pei)(pei)以四妙(miao)散,治(zhi)療(liao)數例濕熱(re)痹證,療(liao)效甚(shen)佳。去年治(zhi)一例眩暈(yun)伴兩(liang)耳脹痛的肝(gan)陽上亢的病患(huan)(huan),用(yong)石(shi)決明、牡(mu)蠣(li)(li)、珍(zhen)珠母、磁(ci)石(shi)各(ge)30g,并(bing)配(pei)(pei)合(he)鉤藤、天麻、甘(gan)菊花、生(sheng)地黃、元參、麥冬(dong)等平肝(gan)養陰息風的藥物(wu)治(zhi)療(liao),取得較(jiao)好的療(liao)效。又(you)曾(ceng)用(yong)鱉甲30g,牡(mu)蠣(li)(li)30g,雞內金10g配(pei)(pei)合(he)養陰軟堅、理氣(qi)化(hua)瘀之品(pin),治(zhi)療(liao)數例肝(gan)脾腫(zhong)大患(huan)(huan)者(zhe)。

王某(mou),男,46歲(sui)。1992年8月20日診(zhen)。舊有慢性肝炎病史,近幾個月來自(zi)覺兩脅下脹悶不適。經省某(mou)醫院B超探測為肝硬(ying)化(hua)、脾(pi)腫大(中度)。脈弦(xian)數,舌(she)淡紅苔微黃。

處方:生鱉甲30g(先煎),生牡蠣(li)30g(先煎),雞內金10g,綿茵陳(chen)15g,玉米(mi)須15g,夏枯草15g,生地黃15g,黑元(yuan)參(can)12g,川郁金10g,赤、白芍各10g,京丹參(can)12g。

患者復診幾次,俞(yu)老以(yi)此(ci)方(fang)為基礎(chu)加減(jian)治療。又如治療癭瘤,俞(yu)老常(chang)用(yong)牡蠣30g,海蛤殼30g配(pei)(pei)合理氣散結藥物;治耳鳴,常(chang)以(yi)磁(ci)石(shi)30g配(pei)(pei)方(fang);治咳喘、呃逆證時,處(chu)方(fang)中的(de)代赭石(shi)也(ye)常(chang)用(yong)24~30g。根(gen)據病(bing)情酌量用(yong)藥,或輕或重,靈活施治,是俞(yu)老臨(lin)床用(yong)藥的(de)特點之一。

其二,注重對藥運用。

俞(yu)老在(zai)臨床中重(zhong)視(shi)藥物組對應用(yong),認(ren)為兩種藥物互相配伍組成“對藥”,不但(dan)能協同作(zuo)用(yong),相得(de)益(yi)彰,而且把(ba)“對藥”配入主(zhu)方(fang)(fang)中使用(yong),能提高主(zhu)方(fang)(fang)的療效。俞(yu)老臨床常用(yong)的對藥,如:

(1)威(wei)(wei)靈仙和(he)豨薟草(cao):兩(liang)藥均有祛(qu)(qu)風(feng)濕、通(tong)經(jing)絡之功效,但威(wei)(wei)靈仙辛溫(wen),止痛作用較(jiao)強;豨薟草(cao)苦寒(han),以祛(qu)(qu)風(feng)除濕為著;兩(liang)藥配合,一(yi)溫(wen)一(yi)寒(han),協同作用,不但祛(qu)(qu)風(feng)濕止痹痛作用增(zeng)強,而(er)且寒(han)溫(wen)適中(zhong),故俞(yu)老多用于(yu)治風(feng)濕痹痛。

(2)赤芍和(he)白芍:赤芍清熱涼血(xue)(xue)(xue)、散瘀(yu)止痛;白芍養血(xue)(xue)(xue)斂陰、柔肝緩急。兩藥(yao)配合,一散一斂,補瀉(xie)并(bing)施,能達涼血(xue)(xue)(xue)養血(xue)(xue)(xue)、散瘀(yu)止痛之(zhi)目的,治痹痛日久(jiu),體虛夾(jia)瘀(yu)者尤(you)為適合。

(3)藿香和佩(pei)蘭(lan):兩藥(yao)(yao)(yao)均為芳(fang)香藥(yao)(yao)(yao)物,既能表散暑(shu)邪,又(you)善宣化濕(shi)(shi)濁。二藥(yao)(yao)(yao)伍用(yong),其芳(fang)香化濁、清熱解暑(shu)、醒(xing)脾(pi)和胃的(de)(de)功效(xiao)益彰。俞老常用(yong)以治療夏日感受暑(shu)濕(shi)(shi)而致的(de)(de)發熱頭重、胸(xiong)脘(wan)滿悶、惡心欲嘔、納呆,或腹瀉之證。

(4)川芎和白花:川芎有祛(qu)(qu)風止(zhi)痛之功,其性(xing)升(sheng)散,善(shan)行頭(tou)目,為治(zhi)(zhi)頭(tou)痛要藥;白芷芳香上達,祛(qu)(qu)風止(zhi)痛,以治(zhi)(zhi)陽明(ming)經頭(tou)痛、眉棱骨痛為見長。兩藥配合,能增(zeng)強祛(qu)(qu)風止(zhi)頭(tou)痛的作用(yong),俞老常(chang)把川芎、白芷配合治(zhi)(zhi)療外感風寒頭(tou)痛。

(5)辛夷(yi)(yi)花(hua)和蒼(cang)(cang)耳(er)(er)子:辛夷(yi)(yi)花(hua)芳香(xiang)走竄(cuan),善通(tong)鼻竅(qiao)(qiao),為治(zhi)鼻淵良藥;蒼(cang)(cang)耳(er)(er)子亦屬疏風祛濕通(tong)竅(qiao)(qiao)之(zhi)品。俞老常(chang)兩藥合用,以(yi)增強(qiang)疏風通(tong)竅(qiao)(qiao)作用,是臨床(chuang)治(zhi)療(liao)急、慢性鼻炎常(chang)用的對藥。

(6)夜交(jiao)藤和合(he)歡(huan)(huan)皮:兩藥(yao)均入心、肝經,同具養心、安(an)神、解郁(yu)之功效(xiao),二藥(yao)相伍(wu),功效(xiao)益彰。故臨床對兼有虛煩失(shi)眠者,俞老(lao)每在治方中加(jia)入夜交(jiao)藤、合(he)歡(huan)(huan)皮,療效(xiao)頗好。

(7)杏仁和浙(zhe)貝(bei)(bei):杏仁苦泄降氣,止咳(ke)(ke)平喘(chuan);浙(zhe)貝(bei)(bei)母清(qing)熱(re)(re)散結,化痰止咳(ke)(ke)。兩藥相伍(wu),一(yi)降一(yi)散,善于清(qing)泄肺(fei)中痰熱(re)(re)。俞老常用以治療痰熱(re)(re)郁肺(fei)之咳(ke)(ke)嗽證。

(8)羌(qiang)活(huo)和獨(du)活(huo):羌(qiang)活(huo)能祛風濕(shi)(shi),善治上半身(shen)疼(teng)痛;獨(du)活(huo)治風濕(shi)(shi)痹(bi)痛,尤以下(xia)部痹(bi)證(zheng)為宜(yi)。兩藥(yao)配合(he),一上一下(xia),各司其長,用以疏調太陽經氣,治風寒濕(shi)(shi)痹(bi)周身(shen)疼(teng)痛,項背拘急,效果(guo)甚佳。故俞老常二(er)藥(yao)相伍應用于臨床。

俞(yu)老在臨(lin)床上還常用(yong)半(ban)夏和(he)陳(chen)皮相伍,治(zhi)痰飲咳嗽;五(wu)靈脂(zhi)和(he)蒲(pu)黃(huang)相伍,治(zhi)血瘀痛經;雙鉤(gou)藤和(he)雞(ji)冠花相伍,治(zhi)肝熱(re)頭暈;枇杷(pa)葉和(he)馬兜(dou)鈴配合治(zhi)肺(fei)熱(re)咳嗽;瓜萎和(he)薤白配合治(zhi)胸(xiong)痹;元胡(hu)和(he)川楝子相伍治(zhi)脘腹疼(teng)痛等。俞(yu)老運用(yong)對藥經驗豐富,組(zu)對的藥物有多種,他(ta)每(mei)能在辨證遣方用(yong)藥時,根(gen)據(ju)病情靈活(huo)選用(yong)。

其三,善用動物藥品。

動(dong)(dong)物(wu)藥(yao)屬(shu)血肉有(you)情之品(pin)或行通走竄之物(wu),其治療作用(yong)常是植物(wu)藥(yao)或礦物(wu)藥(yao)所(suo)不(bu)能代替的(de)(de)。俞老在數(shu)十年的(de)(de)臨床醫療中(zhong)對動(dong)(dong)物(wu)藥(yao)深有(you)研(yan)究,善(shan)于(yu)利用(yong)各類動(dong)(dong)物(wu)藥(yao)所(suo)具有(you)的(de)(de)特殊功效。在多種疑(yi)難(nan)雜癥(zheng)和急性病的(de)(de)治療中(zhong),配合應用(yong)動(dong)(dong)物(wu)藥(yao)而獲滿意療效。茲舉俞老運用(yong)動(dong)(dong)物(wu)藥(yao)經驗數(shu)種:

(1)俞(yu)老運用的(de)動物藥中,以地(di)(di)龍運用最(zui)多,認為地(di)(di)龍具有(you)清熱平(ping)肝、息風(feng)止痙(jing)、通(tong)絡除痹、止喘利尿及(ji)降壓的(de)多種作用,可廣泛應用于臨床。如對(dui)百曰咳(ke)、小兒高(gao)熱驚厥、支氣管哮喘,都(dou)有(you)一定(ding)療(liao)效。此(ci)外,對(dui)高(gao)血(xue)壓、中風(feng)半身不遂、風(feng)濕性關節炎,以及(ji)治療(liao)丹毒、濕疫(yi)、燙火傷(shang)、下(xia)肢潰瘍、跌打骨(gu)折等諸類(lei)疾病,配合地(di)(di)龍治療(liao),臨床療(liao)效甚好。

(2)俞老臨床(chuang)喜用(yong)(yong)雞(ji)(ji)內(nei)(nei)(nei)金(jin),對雞(ji)(ji)內(nei)(nei)(nei)金(jin)的化堅消石(shi)(shi)(shi)和固澀止遺(yi)(yi)功效(xiao)十分賞(shang)識,他多倡(chang)《別錄(lu)》所(suo)載雞(ji)(ji)內(nei)(nei)(nei)金(jin)“主……遺(yi)(yi)溺”和張錫純的“善化有形瘀積(ji)”之(zhi)說,常(chang)用(yong)(yong)雞(ji)(ji)內(nei)(nei)(nei)金(jin)配(pei)合清熱利(li)濕藥物治(zhi)療膽囊(nang)結石(shi)(shi)(shi)和泌尿道結石(shi)(shi)(shi)癥;又用(yong)(yong)雞(ji)(ji)內(nei)(nei)(nei)金(jin)與溫腎(shen)縮尿的縮泉飲(yin)(yin)配(pei)合,用(yong)(yong)于治(zhi)療遺(yi)(yi)尿癥,臨床(chuang)均取得(de)滿意療效(xiao)。例如俞老曾治(zhi)一(yi)男青年(nian),素有遺(yi)(yi)尿之(zhi)癥,每月(yue)7-8次,近因工作(zuo)緊張,夜遺(yi)(yi)倍(bei)增,遺(yi)(yi)尿時即醒,醒后則伴有心(xin)悸、腰酸,脈軟,舌淡(dan),診為心(xin)腎(shen)不(bu)足(zu)之(zhi)證。處以內(nei)(nei)(nei)金(jin)縮泉飲(yin)(yin)加味:雞(ji)(ji)內(nei)(nei)(nei)金(jin)6g,益智仁5g,臺烏藥6g,淮(huai)山(shan)藥12g,炙甘草3g,覆盆子10g。服5劑后,夜遺(yi)(yi)次數減(jian)少(shao),再服10劑,遂不(bu)復(fu)遺(yi)(yi)。俞老臨床(chuang)上曾用(yong)(yong)內(nei)(nei)(nei)金(jin)縮泉飲(yin)(yin)加減(jian),治(zhi)愈多例遺(yi)(yi)尿病(bing)患。

(3)治療經久不愈的皮膚瘙癢癥,俞老常選用(yong)祛風止癢通絡的蟬蛻、僵(jiang)蠶、白(bai)花蛇之(zhi)類治療而(er)獲效。

(4)治療中(zhong)風、口眼歪斜,或(huo)肢體震顫、麻痹之證,常用全蝎(xie)尾(wei)、蜈蚣、僵蠶(can)、蟬蛻、地龍配合化(hua)痰(tan)通(tong)絡、活血祛疲的白附子、赤芍、丹(dan)參、當歸尾(wei)、紅花、桃(tao)仁、川芎等治療。治面癱還(huan)配合用鱔魚血涂患處。

(5)治(zhi)頑固(gu)性痹證(zheng),關節僵硬變(bian)形,屈伸(shen)不(bu)利,疼痛日久者,俞老(lao)常運用蟲(chong)類藥(yao)物通絡(luo)法,每在(zai)辨證(zheng)施治(zhi)基(ji)礎上,加(jia)入地龍、蜈蚣(gong)、全蝎、僵蠶、白(bai)花蛇或烏梢蛇等,用蟲(chong)類藥(yao)入絡(luo)搜風逐邪、通絡(luo)止痛。

(6)鹿角(jiao)霜有補腎(shen)助陽、溫(wen)通(tong)督(du)脈(mo)之(zhi)功。俞老每用(yong)本(ben)品配(pei)合桂枝(zhi)、附子、羌活、獨活、寄生(sheng)、續斷(duan)、杜仲等溫(wen)經通(tong)陽、蠲痹止痛、補腎(shen)強(qiang)筋的(de)藥物,治療(liao)腰背冷痛,四肢乏力之(zhi)證,近(jin)年來曾治療(liao)數例,療(liao)效頗佳。

其四,重視藥物歸經。

俞老臨證(zheng)常常是辨(bian)(bian)證(zheng)用(yong)藥(yao)(yao)與(yu)歸經(jing)藥(yao)(yao)物(wu)選用(yong)有(you)機結合,而(er)獲得滿意的治療(liao)效果。例如(ru)治頭(tou)(tou)痛(tong)(tong)(tong)證(zheng),太陽經(jing)頭(tou)(tou)痛(tong)(tong)(tong)多(duo)加羌活(huo),陽明經(jing)頭(tou)(tou)痛(tong)(tong)(tong)多(duo)用(yong)白芷,厥陰頭(tou)(tou)痛(tong)(tong)(tong)多(duo)用(yong)藁(gao)本、川(chuan)芎(xiong),少陽經(jing)頭(tou)(tou)痛(tong)(tong)(tong)多(duo)用(yong)柴胡。又(you)如(ru)在治療(liao)風寒濕痹中根(gen)據疼痛(tong)(tong)(tong)部(bu)位的不同(tong)而(er)用(yong)藥(yao)(yao)。項背(bei)痛(tong)(tong)(tong)加羌活(huo)、葛根(gen),腰(yao)脊痛(tong)(tong)(tong)加狗(gou)脊、寄生、續斷、杜仲。手臂痛(tong)(tong)(tong)加桂枝、桑枝,下(xia)肢酸痛(tong)(tong)(tong)加牛膝(xi)、木瓜(gua)等(deng),效果很好。例如(ru)運用(yong)清熱(re)藥(yao)(yao)時,常根(gen)據其歸經(jing)的不同(tong)而(er)選用(yong):用(yong)石膏、黃(huang)芩清肺熱(re),龍(long)膽草瀉肝火(huo)。黃(huang)連、石膏清胃火(huo),黃(huang)連、木通、竹(zhu)葉清心火(huo),知(zhi)母(mu)、黃(huang)柏瀉腎火(huo),山梔子瀉二(er)焦(jiao)之火(huo)等(deng),每能在辨(bian)(bian)證(zheng)選方(fang)時酌情配用(yong),以助其功。

俞老常指(zhi)出,同(tong)(tong)種(zhong)(zhong)性(xing)味(wei)的(de)藥(yao)物(wu)(wu)(wu)由于(yu)歸(gui)(gui)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)不(bu)同(tong)(tong),其(qi)作用(yong)(yong)亦(yi)異(yi),例如性(xing)味(wei)辛(xin)(xin)溫的(de)藥(yao)物(wu)(wu)(wu)就具有(you)解表(biao)、行(xing)氣(qi)、活(huo)血(xue)、開竅、溫里(li)的(de)多(duo)(duo)種(zhong)(zhong)功能(neng),如紫蘇歸(gui)(gui)肺(fei)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing),能(neng)發散風寒(han)(han),可(ke)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)風寒(han)(han)感冒、咳(ke)嗽胸悶;細辛(xin)(xin)歸(gui)(gui)肺(fei)、腎(shen)(shen)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing),其(qi)性(xing)走竄,有(you)較(jiao)好(hao)的(de)祛風散寒(han)(han),溫肺(fei)化飲,止痛(tong)(tong)通竅作用(yong)(yong),常用(yong)(yong)于(yu)外感風寒(han)(han)和頭痛(tong)(tong)、牙痛(tong)(tong)、痹痛(tong)(tong)的(de)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)療;木香歸(gui)(gui)脾、胃經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing),功能(neng)行(xing)氣(qi)止痛(tong)(tong),用(yong)(yong)于(yu)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)脘腹脹痛(tong)(tong);臺烏(wu)藥(yao)入肺(fei).睥.腎(shen)(shen)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing),辛(xin)(xin)開溫散,善于(yu)疏通氣(qi)機,能(neng)順氣(qi)暢中、散寒(han)(han)止痛(tong)(tong),常用(yong)(yong)于(yu)寒(han)(han)邪氣(qi)滯所(suo)致(zhi)的(de)脘腹脹痛(tong)(tong)、寒(han)(han)病腹痛(tong)(tong)和腎(shen)(shen)陽不(bu)足所(suo)致(zhi)的(de)小便(bian)頻數;青皮歸(gui)(gui)肝經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing),能(neng)疏肝破氣(qi),多(duo)(duo)用(yong)(yong)于(yu)脅肋或乳房(fang)脹痛(tong)(tong)的(de)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)療;川芎歸(gui)(gui)肝經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing),有(you)活(huo)血(xue)行(xing)氣(qi)之力(li)。常用(yong)(yong)于(yu)血(xue)瘀(yu)氣(qi)滯多(duo)(duo)種(zhong)(zhong)病證的(de)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)療等(deng)。說明(ming)了盡管以(yi)上(shang)均為辛(xin)(xin)溫的(de)藥(yao)物(wu)(wu)(wu),由于(yu)歸(gui)(gui)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)不(bu)同(tong)(tong),因而(er)各自的(de)功能(neng),主治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)均有(you)差別(bie),所(suo)以(yi)俞老認為臨床(chuang)用(yong)(yong)藥(yao)應熟(shu)悉藥(yao)物(wu)(wu)(wu)歸(gui)(gui)經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)。了解藥(yao)物(wu)(wu)(wu)對不(bu)同(tong)(tong)臟腑、經(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)絡的(de)選(xuan)擇作用(yong)(yong),治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)療才能(neng)有(you)的(de)放(fang)矢,力(li)專(zhuan)用(yong)(yong)宏,療效顯著。

其五,配合草藥單方。

民間(jian)的(de)(de)草(cao)藥驗(yan)方(fang),是祖國醫(yi)學的(de)(de)一個組成部分,在(zai)臨(lin)(lin)床應用(yong)(yong)往(wang)往(wang)能獲(huo)特殊的(de)(de)療效。俞老臨(lin)(lin)證用(yong)(yong)藥,不僅(jin)嚴循繩墨,有理有法(fa),靈(ling)活化裁前(qian)(qian)賢(xian)名方(fang),同(tong)時對民間(jian)草(cao)藥單(dan)方(fang)亦常(chang)(chang)引(yin)以(yi)為(wei)用(yong)(yong)。他常(chang)(chang)說(shuo),使用(yong)(yong)單(dan)方(fang)單(dan)藥可(ke)以(yi)彌補主方(fang)的(de)(de)不足,與主方(fang)配(pei)合,常(chang)(chang)能收到較(jiao)好的(de)(de)治(zhi)療作用(yong)(yong),所以(yi)俞老臨(lin)(lin)床上重視運用(yong)(yong)民間(jian)草(cao)藥驗(yan)方(fang)。常(chang)(chang)在(zai)辨(bian)證施治(zhi)的(de)(de)前(qian)(qian)提下,于主方(fang)中加一兩(liang)味草(cao)藥,或另有草(cao)藥驗(yan)方(fang)配(pei)服,每取良效。

例(li)(li)如(ru)(ru):小(xiao)兒因肝(gan)熱(re)而致夜寐欠安(an)、吵(chao)鬧(nao)不(bu)寧,俞(yu)老(lao)每(mei)(mei)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)具有清熱(re)平肝(gan)作用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)藥小(xiao)春花(即陰地(di)(di)蕨)配(pei)(pei)(pei)合地(di)(di)龍干、雙鉤藤等與冰(bing)糖燉(dun)服(fu)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)療,獲效甚佳(jia)。治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)風(feng)(feng)(feng)火頭(tou)痛(tong),常(chang)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)石(shi)橄欖(又名(ming)石(shi)仙桃)30g、雞蛋(或鴨(ya)蛋)1枚(針(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)刺幾十孔)同(tong)燉(dun),蛋湯均服(fu),效果(guo)很(hen)好(hao)。石(shi)仙桃有斂陰降火、平肝(gan)息風(feng)(feng)(feng)之(zhi)功(gong)效,是臨床治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)頭(tou)痛(tong)、神經衰(shuai)弱常(chang)配(pei)(pei)(pei)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)之(zhi)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)藥。俞(yu)老(lao)曾(ceng)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一例(li)(li)頭(tou)痛(tong)5年(nian)的(de)患者(zhe),經服(fu)石(shi)橄欖3次(ci)后頭(tou)痛(tong)即止。又如(ru)(ru)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)氣(qi)(qi)癭,俞(yu)老(lao)多用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)野莧菜每(mei)(mei)次(ci)60g(鮮)與瘦肉同(tong)燉(dun),配(pei)(pei)(pei)合消瘰丸治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)療,近2年(nian)來(lai)曾(ceng)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)此法治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)療10余例(li)(li)氣(qi)(qi)癭病(bing)患,癥狀均有不(bu)同(tong)程度的(de)改善(shan)。草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)藥七葉蓮根有活血散瘀、祛(qu)風(feng)(feng)(feng)活絡之(zhi)功(gong),雞屎藤善(shan)于理氣(qi)(qi)祛(qu)瘀,土金(jin)(jin)針(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)頭(tou)活血通(tong)絡,三藥配(pei)(pei)(pei)合其祛(qu)瘀通(tong)絡除痹作用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)顯著(zhu)。俞(yu)老(lao)常(chang)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)七葉蓮根40g,土金(jin)(jin)針(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)頭(tou)、雞尿(niao)藤各(ge)30g同(tong)瘦肉燉(dun)服(fu),配(pei)(pei)(pei)合主(zhu)方(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)療反(fan)復發作的(de)風(feng)(feng)(feng)寒濕痹痛(tong),效果(guo)很(hen)好(hao)。又常(chang)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)紫茉莉根(白胭脂(zhi)頭(tou))30~60g同(tong)冰(bing)糖燉(dun)服(fu),治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)赤白帶下。治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)療咽喉腫痛(tong),俞(yu)老(lao)每(mei)(mei)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)清熱(re)解毒的(de)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)藥魚(yu)腥(xing)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)、車(che)前草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)、鬼針(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)及中藥甘(gan)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao),加(jia)上宣(xuan)肺利咽的(de)桔梗(geng),組成經驗方(fang)“利咽桔梗(geng)湯"。多年(nian)來(lai)應用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于臨床療效顯著(zhu)。如(ru)(ru)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)泌(mi)尿(niao)道結石(shi)癥,常(chang)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)清熱(re)利水通(tong)淋(lin)的(de)金(jin)(jin)錢草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao),貓須草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)各(ge)30g煎湯代茶飲,配(pei)(pei)(pei)合主(zhu)方(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)療,獲效甚佳(jia)。如(ru)(ru)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中耳炎,常(chang)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)鮮虎耳草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)一握,搗爛絞汁滴(di)入患處,每(mei)(mei)天(tian)1~2次(ci)。治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)療2-3天(tian)后多能(neng)取效。

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