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什么是中藥的炮制,中藥炮制的由來及方法(中藥制作中的“炮制”怎么理解)

綠色飲食(shi)在(zai)行動 2023-04-25 16:06:25

什么是中藥的炮制,中藥炮制的由(you)來(lai)及(ji)方(fang)法

什么叫炮制

我們知(zhi)道, 中(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)來源(yuan)于植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)、 礦物(wu)(wu)和(he)(he)動物(wu)(wu), 但(dan)這(zhe)些(xie)原生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)料(liao)大都是(shi)生(sheng)藥(yao)(yao)(yao), 不能直接入藥(yao)(yao)(yao)。 因(yin)(yin)為有的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)物(wu)(wu)有毒性(xing)不能直接服用(yong),有的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)因(yin)(yin)易于變質而不便久存(cun), 有的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)需除(chu)去(qu)非(fei)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)用(yong)部(bu)分或(huo)(huo)惡劣氣味(wei)。要(yao)按(an)照其不同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)性(xing)和(he)(he)醫療要(yao)求進行(xing)加工或(huo)(huo)專門的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)技術(shu)處(chu)理(li), 中(zhong)醫上對這(zhe)一(yi)加工過程稱為炮制。 中(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)經過炮制, 清除(chu)了(le)(le)雜(za)物(wu)(wu)和(he)(he)非(fei)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)部(bu)分, 降(jiang)低了(le)(le)毒性(xing)和(he)(he)副作用(yong), 緩和(he)(he)或(huo)(huo)提(ti)高了(le)(le)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)效(xiao), 而且便于貯藏和(he)(he)制作制劑(ji)。

炮制的由來

傳說(shuo)中(zhong)發明(ming)炮制(zhi)技術的是商(shang)代時曾經(jing)做(zuo)過廚師的大臣伊尹, 他把廚房中(zhong)經(jing)常(chang)應(ying)用(yong)的一些(xie)烹飪(ren)手法如(ru)烤、 炙、 炒(chao)、 煮以及(ji)常(chang)見(jian)調(diao)味料(liao)如(ru)鹽、 醋(cu)、 酒、 蜂蜜(mi)、 姜(jiang)等應(ying)用(yong)于草藥加工, 并且(qie)創制(zhi)了中(zhong)藥經(jing)常(chang)應(ying)用(yong)的湯(tang)劑。 此后歷(li)經(jing)各(ge)朝代, 中(zhong)藥的炮制(zhi)技術日臻(zhen)完善(shan), 炮制(zhi)方法也豐富多樣。

炮制的方法

中(zhong)藥(yao)炮制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)方(fang)法多種多樣, 我(wo)(wo)們經常(chang)在(zai)藥(yao)店門前看到晾曬藥(yao)物的(de)(de)景(jing)象(xiang), 其實這(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)是中(zhong)藥(yao)炮制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)在(zai)太(tai)陽下暴(bao)曬的(de)(de)一(yi)種方(fang)法。 中(zhong)藥(yao)常(chang)規的(de)(de)炮制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)方(fang)法有(you)修制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、 水制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、 火制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、 水火共制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)等, 還有(you)一(yi)些其他特殊的(de)(de)炮制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)方(fang)法, 有(you)些藥(yao)材(cai)炮制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)還需(xu)加入輔料。 總(zong)之, 這(zhe)(zhe)是一(yi)門專門的(de)(de)學問, 我(wo)(wo)們非(fei)專業人士只需(xu)要了解(jie)炮制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)這(zhe)(zhe)一(yi)基本知(zhi)識(shi)即可。

中(zhong)藥制作中(zhong)的(de)“炮制”怎么理(li)解

簡單(dan)地說,炮(pao)制就是把原(yuan)藥(yao)材經(jing)過一(yi)(yi)定(ding)的處(chu)理方法,如挑選(xuan)(除(chu)(chu)去非(fei)藥(yao)用部分或(huo)其(qi)他摻雜(za)藥(yao)材)、除(chu)(chu)雜(za)(除(chu)(chu)去泥沙、石塊(kuai)等(deng)雜(za)質)、切(qie)制(切(qie)成塊(kuai)、段、片(pian))、炒(chao)制(包括(kuo)炒(chao)黃(huang)、炒(chao)焦、炒(chao)炭,為(wei)直(zhi)接在(zai)(zai)鍋內炒(chao))、炒(chao)炙(zhi)(如酒(jiu)炙(zhi)、醋炙(zhi)、蜜炙(zhi)、米湯炙(zhi)、童便炙(zhi)等(deng),為(wei)在(zai)(zai)鍋內炒(chao)時,要加(jia)入上述液體輔料)、蒸(zheng)制(如把生何(he)首烏蒸(zheng)成熟何(he)首烏,把生地黃(huang)蒸(zheng)成熟地黃(huang))等(deng),加(jia)工成具有(you)一(yi)(yi)定(ding)規格的中(zhong)藥(yao)飲(yin)片(pian),以適(shi)合藥(yao)房調劑(即藥(yao)房工作人員根據醫生開具的處(chu)方,進行抓藥(yao),所抓的藥(yao),就是已經(jing)炮(pao)制好(hao)的中(zhong)藥(yao)飲(yin)片(pian)),或(huo)者適(shi)合藥(yao)廠購買過來(lai)已經(jing)炮(pao)制好(hao)的飲(yin)片(pian)后(hou),直(zhi)接按中(zhong)成藥(yao)生產(chan)的規定(ding)處(chu)方,進行投料來(lai)生產(chan)藥(yao)品(pin)。

中醫炮制的(de)方(fang)法(fa)有哪些?

? ? ?中醫炮制是傳統中醫的重要組成部分。中醫炮制的歷史可以追溯到原始社會。人們為了使用藥物,需要進行必要的處理,例如:洗凈、弄碎、用牙齒咬成顆粒等等,這樣就有了中藥炮制的萌芽。在人類長期使用中草藥的過程中,積累了各種炮制的經驗和方法。下面,就詳細為大家介紹。


?1.修制: (1)純凈處理:采用挑、揀、簸、篩、刮、刷等方法,去掉灰屑、雜質及非藥用部分,藥物清潔純凈。如揀去合歡花中的枝、葉,刷除枇杷葉、石葦葉背西的絨毛,刮去厚樸、肉的粗皮等。 (2)粉碎處理:采用搗、碾、鎊、銼等方法,使藥物粉碎,以符合制劑和其他炮制法的要求。如牡蠣、龍骨搗碎便于煎煮,川貝母搗粉便于吞服;犀角、羚羊角鎊成薄片,或銼成粉末,便于制劑和服用。 (3)切制處理:采用切(qie)(qie)(qie)、鍘的方法,把(ba)藥物切(qie)(qie)(qie)制成一定(ding)的規(gui)格,使藥物有效成分易于(yu)浴出,并(bing)便于(yu)進行其他(ta)炮制,也(ye)利于(yu)干燥、貯(zhu)藏和調劑時稱(cheng)量。根據藥材的性質和醫療需要,切(qie)(qie)(qie)片有很多規(gui)格。如天(tian)麻(ma)、檳榔(lang)宜(yi)切(qie)(qie)(qie)薄片,澤瀉、白術宜(yi)切(qie)(qie)(qie)厚片,黃(huang)芪、雞血藤(teng)宜(yi)切(qie)(qie)(qie)斜片,白芍、甘草宜(yi)切(qie)(qie)(qie)圓片,肉(rou)桂(gui)、厚樸(pu)宜(yi)切(qie)(qie)(qie)圓盤片,桑白皮、枇杷葉宜(yi)切(qie)(qie)(qie)絲,白茅根、麻(ma)黃(huang)宜(yi)鍘成段(duan),茯(fu)苓、葛根宜(yi)切(qie)(qie)(qie)成塊等。

2.水制: 用水或其他液體輔料處理藥材的方法稱為水制法。水制的目的主要是清潔藥物、軟化藥物、調整藥性。常用的有淋、洗、泡、漂、浸、潤、水飛等。這里介紹三種常用的方法。 (1)潤:又稱悶或伏。根據藥材質地的軟硬,加工時的氣溫、工具,用淋潤、洗潤、泡潤、浸潤、晾潤、蓋潤、伏潤、露潤、包潤、復潤、雙潤等多種方法,使清水或其他液體輔料徐徐入內,在不損失或少損失藥效的前提下,使藥材軟化,便于切制飲片。如淋潤荊芥,泡潤檳榔,酒洗潤當歸,姜汁浸潤厚樸,伏潤天麻,蓋潤大黃等。 (2)漂:將藥物置寬水或長流水中浸漬一段時間,并反復換水,以去掉腥味、鹽分及毒性成分的方法稱為漂。如將昆布、海藻、鹽附子漂去鹽分,紫河車漂去腥味等。 (3)水飛:系借藥物在水中(zhong)的(de)(de)沉(chen)(chen)降性(xing)質(zhi)分取藥材極細粉(fen)(fen)(fen)未的(de)(de)方法。將(jiang)不溶于(yu)水的(de)(de)藥材粉(fen)(fen)(fen)碎后置乳缽或碾槽內(nei)加水共研,大量生產則(ze)用球磨(mo)機研磨(mo),再(zai)加入多量的(de)(de)水,攪(jiao)拌,較粗的(de)(de)粉(fen)(fen)(fen)粒(li)(li)即(ji)下(xia)沉(chen)(chen),細粉(fen)(fen)(fen)混(hun)懸(xuan)于(yu)水中(zhong),傾(qing)出(chu);粗粒(li)(li)再(zai)飛(fei)(fei)再(zai)研。傾(qing)出(chu)的(de)(de)混(hun)懸(xuan)液(ye)沉(chen)(chen)淀(dian)后,分出(chu),干(gan)燥即(ji)成(cheng)極細粉(fen)(fen)(fen)末(mo)。此法所制粉(fen)(fen)(fen)末(mo)既細,又(you)減少了研磨(mo)中(zhong)粉(fen)(fen)(fen)末(mo)的(de)(de)飛(fei)(fei)揚(yang)損失。常(chang)用于(yu)礦物類、貝甲類藥物的(de)(de)制粉(fen)(fen)(fen)。如飛(fei)(fei)朱砂,飛(fei)(fei)爐甘石,飛(fei)(fei)雄黃等。

3.火制: (1)炒:有炒黃、炒焦、炒炭等程度不同的清炒法。炒黃、炒焦使藥物易于粉碎加工,并緩和藥性;種子類藥物炒后則煎煮時有效成分易于溶出。炒炭能緩和藥物的烈性、副作用,或增強其收斂止血的功效。還有拌固體輔料如土、麩、米炒的,可減少藥物的刺激性,增強療效,如土炒白術、麩炒枳殼、米炒斑蝥等。與砂或滑石、蛤粉同炒的方法習稱燙,藥物受熱均勻酥脆,易于煎出有效成分或便于服用,如砂炒穿山甲、蛤粉炒阿膠等。 (2)炙:用液體輔料拌炒藥物,使輔料滲入藥物組織內部,以改變藥性,增強療效或減少副作用的炮制方法稱為炙。通常使用的液體輔料有蜜、酒、醋、姜汁、鹽水、通便等。如蜜炙黃芪、甘草可增強補中益氣作用;蜜炙百部、款冬花可增強潤肺止咳作用;酒炙川芎可增強活血之功;醋炙香附可增強疏肝止痛之效;鹽炙杜仲可增強補腎功能;酒炙常山可減輕催吐作用等。 (3)煅:將藥物用猛火直接或間接煅燒,使質地松脆,易于粉碎,充分發揮療效。堅硬的礦物藥或貝殼類藥多直接用火煅燒,以煅至紅透為度,如紫石英、海蛤殼等。間接煅是置藥物于耐火容器中密閉煅燒,至容器底部紅透為度,如制血余炭、陳棕炭等。 (4)煨:利用濕面粉(fen)或濕紙(zhi)包(bao)裹藥(yao)(yao)物,置熱火灰中(zhong)加熱至面或紙(zhi)焦黑為度(du),可(ke)減輕藥(yao)(yao)物的烈性和副作(zuo)用,如煨生姜、煨甘遂、煨肉豆蔻(kou)等。

4.水火共制 : (1)煮:是用清水或液體輔料與藥物共同加熱的方法。如醋煮芫花可減低毒性,酒煮黃芩可增強清肺熱的功效。 (2)蒸:是利用水蒸氣或隔水加熱藥物的方法。如酒蒸大黃可緩和瀉下作用。有些藥物經反復蒸、曬,才能獲得適合醫療需要的作用。如何首烏經反復蒸曬后不再有瀉下力而能補肝腎、益精血。 (3)淬:是將藥物燃燒紅后,迅速投入冷水或液體輔料中,使其酥脆的方法。淬后不僅易于粉碎,且輔料極其吸收,可發揮預期療效。如醋淬自然銅、鱉甲,黃連煮汁淬爐甘石等。 (4)潬:是(shi)將藥物快(kuai)速放(fang)入沸(fei)水中短暫潦過,立即(ji)取出的方法。常(chang)用于種于類藥物的去(qu)皮和肉質多汁類藥物的干燥處理。如潬杏(xing)仁(ren)、桃仁(ren)以(yi)(yi)去(qu)皮;潬馬齒(chi)苑、天門(men)冬以(yi)(yi)便于曬干貯存。

?5.其他制法: 常用的有發芽、發酵、制霜及部分法制法等。其目的在于改變藥物原有性能,增加新的療效,減少毒性或副作用,或使藥物更趨效高質純。如稻、麥的發芽;發酵法制取神曲、淡豆豉;巴豆的去油取霜,西瓜的加工制霜;法制半夏等。 中藥炮制設備中藥炮制是根據中醫中藥理論,按照醫療、調配和制劑的不同要求,對中藥所采取的各種加工處理技術。其目的在于降低或消除藥物的毒性或副作用,便于服用,提高療效。然(ran)而,由(you)于(yu)受經(jing)濟利益(yi)的(de)驅動,忽視了(le)中國歷代醫藥學家在長期的(de)從事醫療實踐中逐步發(fa)展起來具有傳統特色的(de)工藝。

中(zhong)醫炮制的方法有(you)哪些

中醫炮制的方法有哪些

中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)炮制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)傳(chuan)統中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)(yao)組(zu)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)部(bu)(bu)(bu)分(fen)(fen)。中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)炮制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)歷(li)(li)史可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)追溯到原始社會。人(ren)們(men)為(wei)(wei)了使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu),需要(yao)(yao)進行必要(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)處理(li)(li),例如(ru)(ru):洗(xi)凈、弄碎(sui)(sui)(sui)、用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)牙齒咬成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)顆粒(li)等(deng)(deng)(deng)等(deng)(deng)(deng),這樣就(jiu)(jiu)有(you)(you)了中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)炮制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)萌芽。在人(ren)類(lei)長(chang)(chang)期(qi)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)草(cao)(cao)(cao)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),積累了各種(zhong)(zhong)炮制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)經(jing)(jing)驗和(he)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)。下(xia)面(mian),我就(jiu)(jiu)詳細(xi)(xi)(xi)為(wei)(wei)大(da)家(jia)介紹(shao)。 1.修制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi): (1)純(chun)凈處理(li)(li):采用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)挑、揀(jian)、簸、篩、刮、刷(shua)等(deng)(deng)(deng)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa),去(qu)(qu)掉(diao)(diao)灰(hui)屑、雜質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)及(ji)非藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)部(bu)(bu)(bu)分(fen)(fen),藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)清(qing)(qing)(qing)潔純(chun)凈。如(ru)(ru)揀(jian)去(qu)(qu)合歡花中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)枝、葉(xie),刷(shua)除枇杷葉(xie)、石(shi)葦葉(xie)背西的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)絨(rong)毛,刮去(qu)(qu)厚(hou)(hou)樸、肉(rou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)粗皮(pi)等(deng)(deng)(deng)。 (2)粉(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)碎(sui)(sui)(sui)處理(li)(li):采用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)搗(dao)、碾、鎊、銼等(deng)(deng)(deng)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa),使(shi)(shi)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)粉(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)碎(sui)(sui)(sui),以(yi)(yi)符合制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)劑和(he)其他(ta)炮制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)求。如(ru)(ru)牡蠣、龍骨搗(dao)碎(sui)(sui)(sui)便(bian)(bian)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)煎(jian)煮(zhu)(zhu),川貝(bei)母搗(dao)粉(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)便(bian)(bian)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)吞服;犀角、羚(ling)羊(yang)角鎊成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)薄(bo)片,或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)銼成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)粉(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)末,便(bian)(bian)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)劑和(he)服用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。 (3)切(qie)(qie)(qie)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)處理(li)(li):采用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)切(qie)(qie)(qie)、鍘的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa),把(ba)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)切(qie)(qie)(qie)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)一(yi)定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規(gui)格,使(shi)(shi)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)有(you)(you)效(xiao)(xiao)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)分(fen)(fen)易(yi)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)浴出(chu)(chu)(chu),并(bing)便(bian)(bian)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)進行其他(ta)炮制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),也(ye)利于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)干(gan)燥(zao)(zao)、貯(zhu)藏和(he)調劑時(shi)稱(cheng)(cheng)量(liang)(liang)。根(gen)(gen)據藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)材(cai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)性(xing)(xing)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)和(he)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)療(liao)需要(yao)(yao),切(qie)(qie)(qie)片有(you)(you)很多(duo)規(gui)格。如(ru)(ru)天(tian)(tian)麻、檳榔宜(yi)(yi)切(qie)(qie)(qie)薄(bo)片,澤瀉(xie)、白術(shu)(shu)宜(yi)(yi)切(qie)(qie)(qie)厚(hou)(hou)片,黃(huang)芪、雞血(xue)(xue)藤宜(yi)(yi)切(qie)(qie)(qie)斜片,白芍、甘(gan)(gan)(gan)草(cao)(cao)(cao)宜(yi)(yi)切(qie)(qie)(qie)圓片,肉(rou)桂、厚(hou)(hou)樸宜(yi)(yi)切(qie)(qie)(qie)圓盤片,桑白皮(pi)、枇杷葉(xie)宜(yi)(yi)切(qie)(qie)(qie)絲(si),白茅根(gen)(gen)、麻黃(huang)宜(yi)(yi)鍘成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)段(duan),茯苓、葛(ge)根(gen)(gen)宜(yi)(yi)切(qie)(qie)(qie)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)塊等(deng)(deng)(deng)。 2.水(shui)(shui)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi): 用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)其他(ta)液體(ti)(ti)輔(fu)(fu)(fu)料處理(li)(li)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)材(cai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)稱(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)水(shui)(shui)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)。水(shui)(shui)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)目的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)清(qing)(qing)(qing)潔藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)、軟(ruan)化(hua)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)、調整藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)性(xing)(xing)。常用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)淋(lin)、洗(xi)、泡(pao)、漂、浸、潤(run)(run)(run)、水(shui)(shui)飛(fei)(fei)(fei)等(deng)(deng)(deng)。這里介紹(shao)三(san)種(zhong)(zhong)常用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)。 (1)潤(run)(run)(run):又(you)稱(cheng)(cheng)悶或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)伏(fu)(fu)。根(gen)(gen)據藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)材(cai)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)軟(ruan)硬,加(jia)工(gong)時(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)氣(qi)溫、工(gong)具(ju),用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)淋(lin)潤(run)(run)(run)、洗(xi)潤(run)(run)(run)、泡(pao)潤(run)(run)(run)、浸潤(run)(run)(run)、晾(liang)潤(run)(run)(run)、蓋(gai)(gai)潤(run)(run)(run)、伏(fu)(fu)潤(run)(run)(run)、露潤(run)(run)(run)、包潤(run)(run)(run)、復潤(run)(run)(run)、雙(shuang)潤(run)(run)(run)等(deng)(deng)(deng)多(duo)種(zhong)(zhong)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa),使(shi)(shi)清(qing)(qing)(qing)水(shui)(shui)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)其他(ta)液體(ti)(ti)輔(fu)(fu)(fu)料徐徐入(ru)(ru)內(nei),在不(bu)(bu)損失(shi)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)少損失(shi)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)效(xiao)(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)前(qian)提下(xia),使(shi)(shi)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)材(cai)軟(ruan)化(hua),便(bian)(bian)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)切(qie)(qie)(qie)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)飲片。如(ru)(ru)淋(lin)潤(run)(run)(run)荊(jing)芥(jie),泡(pao)潤(run)(run)(run)檳榔,酒(jiu)(jiu)洗(xi)潤(run)(run)(run)當(dang)歸,姜汁浸潤(run)(run)(run)厚(hou)(hou)樸,伏(fu)(fu)潤(run)(run)(run)天(tian)(tian)麻,蓋(gai)(gai)潤(run)(run)(run)大(da)黃(huang)等(deng)(deng)(deng)。 (2)漂:將(jiang)(jiang)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)置寬水(shui)(shui)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)長(chang)(chang)流水(shui)(shui)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)浸漬(zi)一(yi)段(duan)時(shi)間,并(bing)反復換水(shui)(shui),以(yi)(yi)去(qu)(qu)掉(diao)(diao)腥味、鹽(yan)分(fen)(fen)及(ji)毒性(xing)(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)分(fen)(fen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)稱(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)漂。如(ru)(ru)將(jiang)(jiang)昆布(bu)、海藻、鹽(yan)附(fu)(fu)子(zi)漂去(qu)(qu)鹽(yan)分(fen)(fen),紫河車漂去(qu)(qu)腥味等(deng)(deng)(deng)。 (3)水(shui)(shui)飛(fei)(fei)(fei):系借藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)在水(shui)(shui)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)沉降性(xing)(xing)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)分(fen)(fen)取藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)材(cai)極細(xi)(xi)(xi)粉(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)未的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)。將(jiang)(jiang)不(bu)(bu)溶于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)水(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)材(cai)粉(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)碎(sui)(sui)(sui)后置乳缽或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)碾槽內(nei)加(jia)水(shui)(shui)共研(yan)(yan),大(da)量(liang)(liang)生產(chan)則用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)球磨機研(yan)(yan)磨,再(zai)加(jia)入(ru)(ru)多(duo)量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui),攪(jiao)拌(ban),較粗的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)粉(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)粒(li)即(ji)下(xia)沉,細(xi)(xi)(xi)粉(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)混懸于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)水(shui)(shui)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),傾出(chu)(chu)(chu);粗粒(li)再(zai)飛(fei)(fei)(fei)再(zai)研(yan)(yan)。傾出(chu)(chu)(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)混懸液沉淀后,分(fen)(fen)出(chu)(chu)(chu),干(gan)燥(zao)(zao)即(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)極細(xi)(xi)(xi)粉(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)末。此法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)所(suo)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)粉(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)末既細(xi)(xi)(xi),又(you)減(jian)少了研(yan)(yan)磨中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)粉(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)末的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)飛(fei)(fei)(fei)揚損失(shi)。常用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)礦(kuang)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)類(lei)、貝(bei)甲(jia)(jia)類(lei)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)粉(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)。如(ru)(ru)飛(fei)(fei)(fei)朱砂,飛(fei)(fei)(fei)爐(lu)甘(gan)(gan)(gan)石(shi),飛(fei)(fei)(fei)雄(xiong)黃(huang)等(deng)(deng)(deng)。 3.火(huo)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi): (1)炒(chao):有(you)(you)炒(chao)黃(huang)、炒(chao)焦、炒(chao)炭(tan)等(deng)(deng)(deng)程(cheng)度不(bu)(bu)同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)清(qing)(qing)(qing)炒(chao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)。炒(chao)黃(huang)、炒(chao)焦使(shi)(shi)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)易(yi)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)粉(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)碎(sui)(sui)(sui)加(jia)工(gong),并(bing)緩和(he)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)性(xing)(xing);種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)類(lei)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)炒(chao)后則煎(jian)煮(zhu)(zhu)時(shi)有(you)(you)效(xiao)(xiao)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)分(fen)(fen)易(yi)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)溶出(chu)(chu)(chu)。炒(chao)炭(tan)能(neng)緩和(he)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)烈性(xing)(xing)、副作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong),或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)強其收(shou)斂止血(xue)(xue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)功(gong)效(xiao)(xiao)。還有(you)(you)拌(ban)固(gu)體(ti)(ti)輔(fu)(fu)(fu)料如(ru)(ru)土、麩(fu)、米炒(chao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),可(ke)(ke)減(jian)少藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de) *** 性(xing)(xing),增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)強療(liao)效(xiao)(xiao),如(ru)(ru)土炒(chao)白術(shu)(shu)、麩(fu)炒(chao)枳殼、米炒(chao)斑(ban)蝥等(deng)(deng)(deng)。與砂或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)滑石(shi)、蛤粉(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)同(tong)炒(chao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)習(xi)稱(cheng)(cheng)燙,藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)受熱(re)均勻酥脆(cui),易(yi)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)煎(jian)出(chu)(chu)(chu)有(you)(you)效(xiao)(xiao)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)分(fen)(fen)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)便(bian)(bian)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)服用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong),如(ru)(ru)砂炒(chao)穿山甲(jia)(jia)、蛤粉(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)炒(chao)阿膠等(deng)(deng)(deng)。 (2)炙:用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)液體(ti)(ti)輔(fu)(fu)(fu)料拌(ban)炒(chao)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu),使(shi)(shi)輔(fu)(fu)(fu)料滲入(ru)(ru)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)組(zu)織內(nei)部(bu)(bu)(bu),以(yi)(yi)改變藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)性(xing)(xing),增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)強療(liao)效(xiao)(xiao)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)減(jian)少副作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)炮制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)稱(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)炙。通常使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)液體(ti)(ti)輔(fu)(fu)(fu)料有(you)(you)蜜(mi)、酒(jiu)(jiu)、醋、姜汁、鹽(yan)水(shui)(shui)、童便(bian)(bian)等(deng)(deng)(deng)。如(ru)(ru)蜜(mi)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)黃(huang)芪、甘(gan)(gan)(gan)草(cao)(cao)(cao)可(ke)(ke)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)強補(bu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)益氣(qi)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong);蜜(mi)炙百部(bu)(bu)(bu)、款冬(dong)花可(ke)(ke)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)強潤(run)(run)(run)肺止咳作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong);酒(jiu)(jiu)炙川芎可(ke)(ke)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)強活血(xue)(xue)之功(gong);醋炙香附(fu)(fu)可(ke)(ke)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)強疏(shu)肝止痛之效(xiao)(xiao);鹽(yan)炙杜仲(zhong)可(ke)(ke)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)強補(bu)腎(shen)功(gong)能(neng);酒(jiu)(jiu)炙常山可(ke)(ke)減(jian)輕(qing)(qing)催(cui)吐作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)等(deng)(deng)(deng)。 (3)煅(duan)(duan)(duan):將(jiang)(jiang)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)猛火(huo)直(zhi)接(jie)(jie)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)間接(jie)(jie)煅(duan)(duan)(duan)燒,使(shi)(shi)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地松脆(cui),易(yi)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)粉(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)碎(sui)(sui)(sui),充分(fen)(fen)發(fa)(fa)揮療(liao)效(xiao)(xiao)。堅硬的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)礦(kuang)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)貝(bei)殼類(lei)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)多(duo)直(zhi)接(jie)(jie)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)火(huo)煅(duan)(duan)(duan)燒,以(yi)(yi)煅(duan)(duan)(duan)至紅透為(wei)(wei)度,如(ru)(ru)紫石(shi)英、海蛤殼等(deng)(deng)(deng)。間接(jie)(jie)煅(duan)(duan)(duan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)置藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)耐(nai)火(huo)容(rong)器中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)密(mi)閉煅(duan)(duan)(duan)燒,至容(rong)器底(di)部(bu)(bu)(bu)紅透為(wei)(wei)度,如(ru)(ru)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)血(xue)(xue)余炭(tan)、陳棕炭(tan)等(deng)(deng)(deng)。 (4)煨:利用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)濕面(mian)粉(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)濕紙包裹藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu),置熱(re)火(huo)灰(hui)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)加(jia)熱(re)至面(mian)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)紙焦黑為(wei)(wei)度,可(ke)(ke)減(jian)輕(qing)(qing)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)烈性(xing)(xing)和(he)副作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong),如(ru)(ru)煨生姜、煨甘(gan)(gan)(gan)遂、煨肉(rou)豆寇(kou)等(deng)(deng)(deng)。 4.水(shui)(shui)火(huo)共制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi) : (1)煮(zhu)(zhu):是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)清(qing)(qing)(qing)水(shui)(shui)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)液體(ti)(ti)輔(fu)(fu)(fu)料與藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)共同(tong)加(jia)熱(re)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)。如(ru)(ru)醋煮(zhu)(zhu)芫花可(ke)(ke)減(jian)低毒性(xing)(xing),酒(jiu)(jiu)煮(zhu)(zhu)黃(huang)芩可(ke)(ke)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)強清(qing)(qing)(qing)肺熱(re)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)功(gong)效(xiao)(xiao)。 (2)蒸(zheng):是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)利用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)蒸(zheng)氣(qi)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)隔(ge)水(shui)(shui)加(jia)熱(re)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)。如(ru)(ru)酒(jiu)(jiu)蒸(zheng)大(da)黃(huang)可(ke)(ke)緩和(he)瀉(xie)下(xia)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。有(you)(you)些藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)經(jing)(jing)反復蒸(zheng)、曬(shai),才(cai)能(neng)獲得適合醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)療(liao)需要(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。如(ru)(ru)何首烏經(jing)(jing)反復蒸(zheng)曬(shai)后不(bu)(bu)再(zai)有(you)(you)瀉(xie)下(xia)力而能(neng)補(bu)肝腎(shen)、益精(jing)血(xue)(xue)。 (3)淬(cui):是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)將(jiang)(jiang)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)燃燒紅后,迅速投入(ru)(ru)冷水(shui)(shui)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)液體(ti)(ti)輔(fu)(fu)(fu)料中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),使(shi)(shi)其酥脆(cui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)。淬(cui)后不(bu)(bu)僅易(yi)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)粉(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)碎(sui)(sui)(sui),且輔(fu)(fu)(fu)料極其吸收(shou),可(ke)(ke)發(fa)(fa)揮預期(qi)療(liao)效(xiao)(xiao)。如(ru)(ru)醋淬(cui)自(zi)然銅、鱉甲(jia)(jia),黃(huang)連煮(zhu)(zhu)汁淬(cui)爐(lu)甘(gan)(gan)(gan)石(shi)等(deng)(deng)(deng)。 (4)潬:是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)將(jiang)(jiang)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)快速放入(ru)(ru)沸水(shui)(shui)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)短暫潦過(guo),立即(ji)取出(chu)(chu)(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)。常用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)類(lei)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)去(qu)(qu)皮(pi)和(he)肉(rou)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)多(duo)汁類(lei)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)干(gan)燥(zao)(zao)處理(li)(li)。如(ru)(ru)潬杏仁、桃仁以(yi)(yi)去(qu)(qu)皮(pi);潬馬(ma)齒苑、天(tian)(tian)門冬(dong)以(yi)(yi)便(bian)(bian)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)曬(shai)干(gan)貯(zhu)存。 5.其他(ta)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa): 常用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)發(fa)(fa)芽、發(fa)(fa)酵(jiao)、制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)霜(shuang)(shuang)及(ji)部(bu)(bu)(bu)分(fen)(fen)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)等(deng)(deng)(deng)。其目的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)在于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)改變藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)原有(you)(you)性(xing)(xing)能(neng),增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)加(jia)新的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)療(liao)效(xiao)(xiao),減(jian)少毒性(xing)(xing)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)副作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong),或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)使(shi)(shi)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)更趨效(xiao)(xiao)高質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)純(chun)。如(ru)(ru)稻(dao)、麥的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)芽;發(fa)(fa)酵(jiao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)取神(shen)曲、淡豆豉;巴豆的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)去(qu)(qu)油取霜(shuang)(shuang),西瓜(gua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)加(jia)工(gong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)霜(shuang)(shuang);法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)半夏等(deng)(deng)(deng)。 中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)炮制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)設備中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)炮制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)根(gen)(gen)據中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)理(li)(li)論,按照醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)療(liao)、調配(pei)和(he)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)劑的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)同(tong)要(yao)(yao)求,對中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)所(suo)采取的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)各種(zhong)(zhong)加(jia)工(gong)處理(li)(li)技術(shu)(shu)。其目的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)在于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)降低或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)消除藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)毒性(xing)(xing)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)副作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong),便(bian)(bian)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)服用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong),提高療(liao)效(xiao)(xiao)。然而,由于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)受經(jing)(jing)濟利益的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)驅(qu)動,忽視(shi)了中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)歷(li)(li)代(dai)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)學家(jia)在長(chang)(chang)期(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)從事醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)療(liao)實踐中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)逐(zhu)步發(fa)(fa)展起來具(ju)有(you)(you)傳(chuan)統特色(se)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)藝。

什么是炮制,炮制的目的是什么,常見的炮制方法有哪些

中醫上講的“炮制”系指將藥材通過凈制、切制、炮炙處理,制成一定規格的飲片,以適應醫療要求及調配、制劑的需要,保證用藥安全和有效。
炮制的目的:
(1):增強藥物作用,提高臨床療效
(2):降低或消除藥物的毒性或副作用,保證用藥安全
(3):改變藥性的性能功效,擴大其適應范圍
(4):改變藥材的某些性狀,便于儲存和(或)制劑
(5):純凈藥材,以保證藥材質量和稱量準確
(6):矯臭矯味,便于服用
(7):引藥入經,便于定向用藥
常見(jian)的炮(pao)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)方法(fa)(fa)(fa)主要有修(xiu)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、水(shui)(shui)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、水(shui)(shui)火共(gong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)三大類,具體方法(fa)(fa)(fa)有炙法(fa)(fa)(fa)、煅法(fa)(fa)(fa)、蒸煮(zhu)法(fa)(fa)(fa)、復制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)、發(fa)酵發(fa)芽(ya)法(fa)(fa)(fa)、烘(hong)焙法(fa)(fa)(fa)、煨法(fa)(fa)(fa)、制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)霜法(fa)(fa)(fa)、提凈(jing)法(fa)(fa)(fa)、水(shui)(shui)飛法(fa)(fa)(fa)、干餾法(fa)(fa)(fa)等等

炮制有哪些方法?

炮制(zhi),古同炮炙,指用中草藥原(yuan)料制(zhi)成藥物(wu)的(de)過程(cheng)。有火(huo)(huo)制(zhi)、水(shui)制(zhi)或水(shui)火(huo)(huo)共制(zhi)等加工方(fang)法(fa)。

中醫降壓的方法有哪些?

高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)是(shi)指病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)因尚(shang)未明確,以(yi)(yi)體(ti)循環動(dong)(dong)(dong)脈(mo)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)于正常范(fan)圍為主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)臨床表現的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)種獨立疾(ji)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)。 發(fa)(fa)(fa)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)原因與高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)級神(shen)經活(huo)動(dong)(dong)(dong)障礙(ai)有(you)(you)關。 高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)早期(qi)癥(zheng)狀(zhuang)為頭(tou)暈、頭(tou)痛、心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)悸(ji)、失眠、緊張煩燥、疲乏等(deng)(deng)。以(yi)(yi)后可(ke)逐(zhu)漸累及(ji)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)、腦(nao)(nao)、腎器(qi)官,嚴(yan)重(zhong)(zhong)時(shi)(shi)可(ke)并發(fa)(fa)(fa)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)性(xing)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)臟(zang)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)、腎功能衰竭、腦(nao)(nao)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)管(guan)意外等(deng)(deng)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)變。 高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)影(ying)響工作(zuo)和(he)生(sheng)活(huo),高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)又(you)是(shi)冠(guan)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)、腦(nao)(nao)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)管(guan)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)最重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)危險因素(su)。心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)肌梗(geng)塞病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)人(ren)(ren)(ren)中(zhong)50%是(shi)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)患者(zhe),腦(nao)(nao)卒中(zhong)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)人(ren)(ren)(ren)76%的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)有(you)(you)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)史(shi)。因此高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)危險性(xing)在于突然死亡(wang)或(huo)致殘(can)。高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)患者(zhe)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)學會(hui)生(sheng)活(huo)調(diao)養(yang)和(he)早期(qi)治(zhi)(zhi)療(liao)(liao),以(yi)(yi)控制(zhi)(zhi)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)情的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展。 高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)有(you)(you)原發(fa)(fa)(fa)性(xing)和(he)繼發(fa)(fa)(fa)性(xing)兩種。原發(fa)(fa)(fa)性(xing)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)多發(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)在中(zhong)年以(yi)(yi)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren),以(yi)(yi)腦(nao)(nao)力勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)者(zhe)居多;繼發(fa)(fa)(fa)性(xing)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)是(shi)其他疾(ji)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)種癥(zheng)狀(zhuang),如腎臟(zang)、腦(nao)(nao)、血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)管(guan)及(ji)內分(fen)泌疾(ji)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)可(ke)引起(qi)(qi)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)升高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)。由(you)于高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)持(chi)續(xu)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)過(guo)長(chang),容易引起(qi)(qi)冠(guan)狀(zhuang)動(dong)(dong)(dong)脈(mo)硬(ying)化(hua)性(xing)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)臟(zang)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing),故(gu)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)與冠(guan)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)有(you)(you)密切關系(xi)。在食(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)選(xuan)擇方(fang)面(mian)有(you)(you)共同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求。 全身感覺(jue)麻(ma)木或(huo)一(yi)側肢(zhi)體(ti)活(huo)動(dong)(dong)(dong)發(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)障礙(ai),甚至心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)慌(huang)、氣(qi)短、胸悶甚至不(bu)能平躺時(shi)(shi),要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)及(ji)時(shi)(shi)測量(liang)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya),因為很可(ke)能發(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)了(le)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)危象(xiang)。 高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)人(ren)(ren)(ren)藥物治(zhi)(zhi)療(liao)(liao)十分(fen)重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao),病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)人(ren)(ren)(ren)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)遵(zun)照醫生(sheng)指導(dao)用(yong)藥,記住自(zi)己(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)常用(yong)藥不(bu)可(ke)濫用(yong)藥,以(yi)(yi)免(mian)發(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)不(bu)測,治(zhi)(zhi)療(liao)(liao)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)越早越好,臨界高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)就應該開始(shi)治(zhi)(zhi)療(liao)(liao)。高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)人(ren)(ren)(ren)服(fu)藥須(xu)知: 堅(jian)持(chi)每天用(yong)藥,即使病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)情好轉,仍應服(fu)維持(chi)量(liang)。睡前不(bu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)服(fu)降(jiang)(jiang)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)藥,防(fang)止(zhi)入睡血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)下降(jiang)(jiang),腦(nao)(nao)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)量(liang)減(jian)少(shao)(shao),速度減(jian)慢(man),容易形成腦(nao)(nao)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)栓。服(fu)用(yong)降(jiang)(jiang)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)藥期(qi)間(jian)(jian),慎(shen)用(yong)或(huo)禁忌(ji)麻(ma)黃素(su)、止(zhi)咳定喘丸、川貝精(jing)片等(deng)(deng)藥物。人(ren)(ren)(ren)參含(han)(han)有(you)(you)抑制(zhi)(zhi)體(ti)內脂(zhi)肪分(fen)解物質,有(you)(you)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)應慎(shen)用(yong)。 高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)人(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)調(diao)養(yang)十分(fen)重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao),用(yong)藥治(zhi)(zhi)療(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)同(tong)時(shi)(shi),輔以(yi)(yi)生(sheng)活(huo)、環境、精(jing)神(shen)等(deng)(deng)方(fang)面(mian)治(zhi)(zhi)療(liao)(liao)。 注意飲食(shi)(shi)(shi),低鹽(yan)(yan)(每日5克),低動(dong)(dong)(dong)物脂(zhi)肪。高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)、冠(guan)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)人(ren)(ren)(ren)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)肥胖者(zhe),由(you)于體(ti)內的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)脂(zhi)肪過(guo)多,壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)迫心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)肌、會(hui)增(zeng)(zeng)加心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)臟(zang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)負擔。所以(yi)(yi),肥胖的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)、冠(guan)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)人(ren)(ren)(ren),首先要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)節制(zhi)(zhi)飲食(shi)(shi)(shi),以(yi)(yi)素(su)食(shi)(shi)(shi)為主(zhu)(zhu),才能達到控制(zhi)(zhi)體(ti)重(zhong)(zhong)。體(ti)重(zhong)(zhong)減(jian)輕了(le),血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)也會(hui)降(jiang)(jiang)低。選(xuan)擇低熱量(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin),多吃低脂(zhi)肪食(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin),盡量(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)植(zhi)物油(you)。因為植(zhi)物油(you)含(han)(han)不(bu)飽(bao)和(he)脂(zhi)肪酸,血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)漿中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)膽固(gu)醇(chun)就會(hui)下降(jiang)(jiang),可(ke)以(yi)(yi)減(jian)少(shao)(shao)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya),冠(guan)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)作(zuo)。動(dong)(dong)(dong)物脂(zhi)肪、肝、腦(nao)(nao)、心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)、腎、黃油(you)、骨(gu)髓、魚(yu)子(zi)、乳脂(zhi)等(deng)(deng)食(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin),含(han)(han)膽固(gu)醇(chun)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao),宜少(shao)(shao)吃或(huo)不(bu)吃。 適當運動(dong)(dong)(dong),量(liang)力而行,可(ke)選(xuan)擇運動(dong)(dong)(dong)量(liang)輕、時(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)長(chang)些“耐力性(xing)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)項目鍛煉(lian)身體(ti)。 生(sheng)活(huo)規(gui)律(lv),保證充足睡眠(7—8小時(shi)(shi)),勞(lao)逸結(jie)合。不(bu)急不(bu)躁,控制(zhi)(zhi)情緒,喜樂有(you)(you)度。 消瘦(shou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)、冠(guan)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)人(ren)(ren)(ren),要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)吃魚(yu)、瘦(shou)肉(rou)、豆及(ji)豆制(zhi)(zhi)品(pin)(pin)食(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin),以(yi)(yi)增(zeng)(zeng)加體(ti)內的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)蛋白質。豆制(zhi)(zhi)品(pin)(pin)中(zhong)含(han)(han)有(you)(you)谷(gu)固(gu)醇(chun),可(ke)以(yi)(yi)抑制(zhi)(zhi)小腸吸收(shou)膽固(gu)醇(chun),維生(sheng)素(su)C也可(ke)降(jiang)(jiang)低血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)漿中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)膽固(gu)醇(chun)。故(gu)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)、冠(guan)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)人(ren)(ren)(ren)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)多吃新(xin)鮮蔬菜和(he)富(fu)含(han)(han)維生(sheng)素(su)C的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)果(酸味水(shui)果)。同(tong)時(shi)(shi),高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)、冠(guan)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)人(ren)(ren)(ren)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)控制(zhi)(zhi)食(shi)(shi)(shi)鹽(yan)(yan)量(liang)。因為鈉(na)鹽(yan)(yan)可(ke)引起(qi)(qi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)體(ti)小動(dong)(dong)(dong)脈(mo)痙(jing)攣,使血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)升高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)。且(qie)鈉(na)鹽(yan)(yan)還會(hui)吸收(shou)水(shui)分(fen),使體(ti)內積(ji)聚過(guo)多的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)分(fen),增(zeng)(zeng)加心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)臟(zang)負擔。所以(yi)(yi),要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)少(shao)(shao)吃咸(腌)菜、泡鹽(yan)(yan)蛋等(deng)(deng)食(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)。 高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)、冠(guan)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)人(ren)(ren)(ren)一(yi)定要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)忌(ji)酒,戒煙,不(bu)喝濃(nong)茶(cha),以(yi)(yi)免(mian)加重(zhong)(zhong)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)情。

中醫抗癌的方法有哪些

中(zhong)醫藥抗(kang)(kang)癌(ai)和西醫抗(kang)(kang)癌(ai)是兩種不(bu)同的(de)方法論,西醫靠的(de)是藥物的(de)力量(liang)(liang)直接(jie)殺死癌(ai)細胞,而(er)中(zhong)醫則(ze)不(bu)是直接(jie)利(li)用藥物的(de)力量(liang)(liang),而(er)是利(li)用整(zheng)體(ti)(ti)的(de)力量(liang)(liang),因為對整(zheng)體(ti)(ti)而(er)言(yan),癌(ai)細胞不(bu)過是身體(ti)(ti)一個部門上的(de)一小塊,它(ta)的(de)力量(liang)(liang)是無法與整(zheng)體(ti)(ti)抗(kang)(kang)衡的(de),KA粉(fen)就(jiu)很好(hao)的(de)辨(bian)別抑制癌(ai)細胞的(de)作用,直接(jie) 有效。內含紫杉醇等世界公認(ren)的(de)抗(kang)(kang)癌(ai)分(fen)子,是抑制癌(ai)癥的(de)特(te)效產品。

中醫美容的方法有哪些?

我建議你飲食調理,下面是燕窩美容方法
鮮果燕窩:
材料:白燕窩一盞,鮮果(梨,蘋果,香蕉,橘子均可)200克
調料:白糖,濕淀粉各適量
制作:1.將白燕窩浸發8小時左右,用電燉盅燉40分鐘,燉至燕窩晶瑩剔透。
2.鮮果切民指甲大小的塊,放入鍋內煮沸,用濕淀粉調稀勾芡,倒入碗內,再鋪一層燕窩即可。
特點:多維生素,促進食欲,美容養顏,嫩白肌膚!燕窩有抗衰老,美容,增加免疫力等作用。
燕(yan)窩(wo)品牌推薦:上官燕(yan)

中醫養腎的方法有哪些

黑(hei)(hei)(hei)色食(shi)(shi)(shi)物一(yi)(yi)(yi)般含(han)(han)(han)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)豐(feng)富(fu)的(de)(de)微(wei)(wei)量(liang)元(yuan)素(su)(su)和(he)(he)維生素(su)(su),如(ru)我們平(ping)時(shi)(shi)說的(de)(de)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)五(wu)類(lei),包括黑(hei)(hei)(hei)米(mi)、黑(hei)(hei)(hei)豆(dou)、黑(hei)(hei)(hei)芝麻(ma)、黑(hei)(hei)(hei)棗(zao)、核(he)(he)桃,就是(shi)(shi)最(zui)典型(xing)的(de)(de)代表。 米(mi)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)珍品(pin)(pin)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)米(mi),也被(bei)稱為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)珍珠,含(han)(han)(han)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)豐(feng)富(fu)的(de)(de)蛋(dan)白質(zhi)、氨(an)基(ji)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)以(yi)及(ji)鐵(tie)、鈣、錳、鋅等(deng)微(wei)(wei)量(liang)元(yuan)素(su)(su),有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)開胃(wei)(wei)益中(zhong)(zhong)、滑澀補(bu)精、健(jian)(jian)脾暖肝(gan)、舒(shu)筋(jin)活血等(deng)功(gong)(gong)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao);豆(dou)被(bei)古人(ren)(ren)譽為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)腎(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)之(zhi)(zhi)谷,黑(hei)(hei)(hei)豆(dou)味(wei)(wei)甘(gan)性平(ping),不(bu)(bu)僅形(xing)狀像腎(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen),還(huan)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)補(bu)腎(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)強身、活血利水、解毒、潤(run)(run)膚(fu)的(de)(de)功(gong)(gong)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao),特(te)別適(shi)合(he)腎(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)虛患者;有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)營養(yang)(yang)倉庫之(zhi)(zhi)稱的(de)(de)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)棗(zao)性溫(wen)味(wei)(wei)甘(gan),有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)補(bu)中(zhong)(zhong)益氣(qi)、補(bu)腎(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)養(yang)(yang)胃(wei)(wei)補(bu)血的(de)(de)功(gong)(gong)能;核(he)(he)桃則有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)補(bu)腎(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)固精、利尿(niao)(niao)消石(shi)、潤(run)(run)腸通便(bian)、溫(wen)肺(fei)定喘的(de)(de)作用(yong)(yong),常用(yong)(yong)于腎(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)虛腰(yao)痛、尿(niao)(niao)路結石(shi)等(deng)癥;黑(hei)(hei)(hei)芝麻(ma)性平(ping)味(wei)(wei)甘(gan),有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)補(bu)肝(gan)腎(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen),潤(run)(run)五(wu)臟的(de)(de)作用(yong)(yong),對(dui)因肝(gan)腎(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)精血不(bu)(bu)足引起的(de)(de)眩暈、白發(fa)(fa)、脫發(fa)(fa)、腰(yao)膝酸(suan)(suan)(suan)軟、腸燥便(bian)秘(mi)等(deng)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)較好(hao)的(de)(de)食(shi)(shi)(shi)療保健(jian)(jian)作用(yong)(yong)。這五(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)食(shi)(shi)(shi)物一(yi)(yi)(yi)起熬粥(zhou),更是(shi)(shi)難(nan)得的(de)(de)養(yang)(yang)腎(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)佳品(pin)(pin)。 黑(hei)(hei)(hei)芝麻(ma)富(fu)含(han)(han)(han)對(dui)人(ren)(ren)體(ti)(ti)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)益的(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)飽和(he)(he)脂(zhi)肪酸(suan)(suan)(suan),其(qi)Ve含(han)(han)(han)量(liang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)植(zhi)物食(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)之(zhi)(zhi)冠,可清除(chu)體(ti)(ti)內自由基(ji),抗(kang)氧化(hua)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)果顯(xian)著。具(ju)(ju)(ju)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)延(yan)(yan)緩衰(shuai)老(lao)、治療消化(hua)不(bu)(bu)良和(he)(he)治療白發(fa)(fa)都有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)定作用(yong)(yong)。 黑(hei)(hei)(hei)豆(dou)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)暖腸胃(wei)(wei)、明目活血、利水解毒之(zhi)(zhi)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)。也是(shi)(shi)潤(run)(run)澤肌膚(fu),烏須(xu)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)發(fa)(fa)佳品(pin)(pin)。富(fu)含(han)(han)(han)優質(zhi)蛋(dan)白、Vb族和(he)(he)Ve,還(huan)含(han)(han)(han)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)核(he)(he)黃素(su)(su)、黑(hei)(hei)(hei)色素(su)(su)。對(dui)防(fang)老(lao)抗(kang)衰(shuai)、增(zeng)強活力、美容養(yang)(yang)顏有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)幫助。 黑(hei)(hei)(hei)米(mi)具(ju)(ju)(ju)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)健(jian)(jian)脾暖肝(gan)、補(bu)血益氣(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)。其(qi)維生素(su)(su)B1和(he)(he)鐵(tie)的(de)(de)含(han)(han)(han)量(liang)是(shi)(shi)普通大(da)米(mi)的(de)(de)7倍。冬(dong)季食(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)對(dui)補(bu)充人(ren)(ren)體(ti)(ti)微(wei)(wei)量(liang)元(yuan)素(su)(su)大(da)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)幫助。用(yong)(yong)它(ta)(ta)煮八寶粥(zhou)時(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)要放(fang)糖(tang)。 黑(hei)(hei)(hei)蕎麥可藥用(yong)(yong),具(ju)(ju)(ju)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)消食(shi)(shi)(shi)、化(hua)積(ji)滯、止汗之(zhi)(zhi)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)。除(chu)富(fu)含(han)(han)(han)油(you)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)、亞油(you)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)外(wai),還(huan)含(han)(han)(han)葉綠素(su)(su)、盧丁以(yi)及(ji)煙酸(suan)(suan)(suan),有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)降(jiang)低(di)體(ti)(ti)內膽固醇、降(jiang)低(di)血脂(zhi)和(he)(he)血壓、保護(hu)血管功(gong)(gong)能的(de)(de)作用(yong)(yong)。它(ta)(ta)在(zai)人(ren)(ren)體(ti)(ti)內形(xing)成血糖(tang)的(de)(de)峰值比較延(yan)(yan)后(hou),適(shi)宜糖(tang)尿(niao)(niao)病人(ren)(ren)、代謝綜合(he)征病人(ren)(ren)食(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)。 黑(hei)(hei)(hei)棗(zao)含(han)(han)(han)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)蛋(dan)白質(zhi)、糖(tang)類(lei)、有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)機酸(suan)(suan)(suan)、維生素(su)(su)和(he)(he)磷、鈣、鐵(tie)等(deng)營養(yang)(yang)成分。中(zhong)(zhong)醫認(ren)(ren)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)棗(zao)性溫(wen)味(wei)(wei)甘(gan),具(ju)(ju)(ju)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)補(bu)腎(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)與養(yang)(yang)胃(wei)(wei)功(gong)(gong)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)。 黑(hei)(hei)(hei)木耳(er)(er)(er)中(zhong)(zhong)醫認(ren)(ren)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)其(qi)具(ju)(ju)(ju)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)清肺(fei)益氣(qi)、活血益胃(wei)(wei)、潤(run)(run)燥滋補(bu)強身之(zhi)(zhi)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)。現在(zai)研究表明,黑(hei)(hei)(hei)木耳(er)(er)(er)膠(jiao)體(ti)(ti)具(ju)(ju)(ju)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)較強吸附力,能夠清潔腸胃(wei)(wei)。還(huan)含(han)(han)(han)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)核(he)(he)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)、卵磷脂(zhi)成分,具(ju)(ju)(ju)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)健(jian)(jian)美、美容,延(yan)(yan)緩衰(shuai)老(lao)之(zhi)(zhi)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)。黑(hei)(hei)(hei)木耳(er)(er)(er)是(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)可溶(rong)性膳食(shi)(shi)(shi)纖維,能補(bu)血, 高血脂(zhi)、心(xin)梗、腦梗患者多食(shi)(shi)(shi)可溶(rong)栓,降(jiang)低(di)血小板數(shu)量(liang)。 此外(wai),還(huan)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)李子、烏雞(ji)、烏梅、紫(zi)菜、板栗、海參、香菇、海帶、黑(hei)(hei)(hei)葡萄(tao)等(deng),也都是(shi)(shi)營養(yang)(yang)十分豐(feng)富(fu)的(de)(de)食(shi)(shi)(shi)物。腎(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)不(bu)(bu)好(hao)的(de)(de)人(ren)(ren),可以(yi)每周吃一(yi)(yi)(yi)次蔥燒海參,將黑(hei)(hei)(hei)木耳(er)(er)(er)和(he)(he)香菇配合(he)在(zai)一(yi)(yi)(yi)起炒(chao),或(huo)燉肉時(shi)(shi)放(fang)點板栗,都是(shi)(shi)補(bu)腎(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)的(de)(de)好(hao)方法。

中醫治療的方法有哪些?

中醫的(de)治療(liao)方法很多,但是歸納起來大體可分為汗(han)、吐、下(xia)、和、溫、清、補、消(xiao)八法。

汗法(fa)是運(yun)用(yong)各種發(fa)汗藥物(wu)組(zu)成(cheng)方(fang)劑,來(lai)開(kai)泄(xie)腠理,逐邪外(wai)出的(de)一種方(fang)法(fa)。比如日常生活中有(you)人(ren)偶感寒(han)涼(liang),老年人(ren)往往提醒(xing)要喝碗姜(jiang)糖水(shui)或(huo)酸辣(la)(la)湯,發(fa)一發(fa)汗,就不(bu)容易患(huan)感冒了。因為生姜(jiang)或(huo)辣(la)(la)椒都是辛(xin)散之物(wu),趁熱喝下去,可以(yi)擴(kuo)張周(zhou)圍小血(xue)管, *** 毛孔發(fa)汗,驅散體表寒(han)邪。汗法(fa)的(de)基(ji)本道理也是這樣。常用(yong)的(de)方(fang)劑有(you)桂枝湯、銀翅散等(deng)。

吐(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)法(fa)是利用(yong)催吐(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)藥引導(dao)病(bing)邪或有(you)害物質從(cong)口涌吐(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)而出(chu)的(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)種(zhong)方(fang)法(fa)。吐(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)法(fa)大(da)(da)都用(yong)于病(bing)情嚴重急迫,必須迅速吐(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)出(chu)的(de)積結實證。如(ru)痰涎(xian)壅塞(sai)、食(shi)停(ting)胃脘或誤食(shi)的(de)毒物還在(zai)胃中,都急需用(yong)吐(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)法(fa)救治。金元時代的(de)大(da)(da)名醫張子和(he)(he)(he)就很(hen)(hen)擅長這(zhe)種(zhong)治法(fa),提(ti)倡(chang)“攻病(bing)三法(fa)”(汗、吐(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)、下),喜用(yong)峻烈的(de)瀉劑(ji)和(he)(he)(he)吐(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)劑(ji)。他(ta)在(zai)《儒門事(shi)(shi)親》一(yi)(yi)(yi)書中有(you)記載:一(yi)(yi)(yi)位患風癇病(bing)的(de)婦女,偶吃一(yi)(yi)(yi)種(zhong)像蔥一(yi)(yi)(yi)樣的(de)章,吐(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)涎(xian)如(ru)膠,大(da)(da)約有(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)二斗,不(bu)想(xiang)從(cong)此(ci)不(bu)再發病(bing),而且身體也一(yi)(yi)(yi)天天健壯起來。張子和(he)(he)(he)對這(zhe)件(jian)事(shi)(shi)很(hen)(hen)重視,他(ta)走訪(fang)了(le)許多人才知道這(zhe)種(zhong)像蔥一(yi)(yi)(yi)樣的(de)草(cao)叫(jiao)“憨蔥苗”,在(zai)《本草(cao)經》中稱“藜蘆苗”。從(cong)這(zhe)件(jian)事(shi)(shi)以后,張子和(he)(he)(he)認識了(le)吐(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)法(fa)的(de)重要(yao),高興地說,“亦偶得吐(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)法(fa)耳(er)”。

下法是(shi)運用瀉下藥物(wu)攻(gong)逐體內(nei)結滯(如(ru)宿食、水飲、瘀血等)的(de)一(yi)種(zhong)方法。這種(zhong)治法可以(yi)(yi)排除蓄(xu)積,起到推陳出新的(de)作用。《儒門(men)事親(qin)·偶有所遇(yu)厥疾獲(huo)療記(ji)》中記(ji)載,有一(yi)次,張(zhang)子和(he)看見一(yi)個小孩(hai)因為誤(wu)吞銅鐵而(er)患病,身體很瘦弱,足不勝(sheng)身。那時正好是(shi)六七月份,淫雨不止(zhi),沒有木(mu)柴(chai)煮飯(fan),小孩(hai)挨餓(e)幾天。一(yi)天早(zao)晨,鄰(lin)居牛死了,煮牛肉葵菜飯(fan)吃(chi)(chi),病孩(hai)乘機飽吃(chi)(chi)一(yi)頓。不久,覺(jue)腸(chang)(chang)中痛,泄注如(ru)傾(qing),瀉下所誤(wu)吞的(de)東(dong)西。張(zhang)子和(he)因而(er)明白(bai)《內(nei)經》中所說的(de)“肝(gan)苦急(ji),食甘(gan)(gan)以(yi)(yi)緩(huan)之(zhi)”的(de)道理。因“牛肉、大棗、葵菜皆甘(gan)(gan)物(wu)也(ye),故能寬(kuan)緩(huan)腸(chang)(chang)胃。且腸(chang)(chang)中久空,又(you)遇(yu)甘(gan)(gan)滑之(zhi)物(wu),此銅鐵所以(yi)(yi)下也(ye)”。張(zhang)子和(he)高(gao)興地說:“亦偶得瀉法耳。”

和(he)法(fa)(fa)是通過調整(zheng)人(ren)體機(ji)能,達(da)到祛病(bing)除(chu)邪(xie)(xie)的(de)目的(de)一種方(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)。病(bing)邪(xie)(xie)既不在里,又(you)不在表(biao),或(huo)者(zhe)氣血營衛不和(he),或(huo)者(zhe)臟腑關系失調,采(cai)用(yong)汗、吐、下(xia)、溫、清(qing)、補、消都不適(shi)宜的(de),就可以采(cai)用(yong)和(he)解的(de)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)。目前許多中(zhong)醫都用(yong)“加味逍(xiao)遙丸(wan)”來治慢性肝炎,這種藥也是一種和(he)劑。

溫(wen)法是(shi)用溫(wen)性(xing)或熱(re)性(xing)藥物補益陽氣(qi)、驅除寒(han)邪的(de)一種治法。人們(men)吃(chi)辛(xin)辣的(de)食物,如辣椒、胡椒、桂皮、生姜等,胃中(zhong)常有(you)一種燥熱(re)的(de)感覺,不僅(jin)食欲增加,消化旺盛(sheng),甚(shen)至整個(ge)身(shen)子都會有(you)熱(re)感,于是(shi)我們(men)就說(shuo)這類(lei)東(dong)西屬于熱(re)藥。使(shi)用溫(wen)熱(re)藥可以起到溫(wen)中(zhong)祛寒(han)、回陽救逆、溫(wen)經散寒(han)等作(zuo)用。

清(qing)法(fa)(fa)是用(yong)(yong)寒(han)涼藥物以(yi)達到清(qing)熱(re)作用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)一種治療方(fang)法(fa)(fa)。人們在氣(qi)候(hou)酷熱(re)、氣(qi)悶難忍(ren)的(de)(de)時候(hou),常喜歡吹(chui)風(feng)納(na)涼,冷飲冰水(shui),目的(de)(de)是為(wei)了消(xiao)除煩熱(re)。由(you)此推論,遇到內熱(re)燔熾、煩渴神昏的(de)(de)病證,服(fu)用(yong)(yong)苦寒(han)清(qing)涼藥物,也能達到清(qing)熱(re)的(de)(de)作用(yong)(yong)。

補(bu)(bu)法是運用補(bu)(bu)藥補(bu)(bu)益人體(ti)氣血,增強體(ti)質,達到扶正祛邪作(zuo)用的一種治法。補(bu)(bu)法有補(bu)(bu)氣、補(bu)(bu)血、補(bu)(bu)陰、補(bu)(bu)陽的種種區(qu)別(bie)。醫(yi)圣張(zhang)仲景用當歸羊肉湯治愈貧窮百姓(xing)的故事被傳(chuan)為佳話。

消(xiao)法(fa)是采用(yong)消(xiao)食、化瘀、軟堅、化痰、化濕、利水等藥(yao)物,對(dui)慢性(xing)積聚脹滿進行漸消(xiao)緩散而不傷正氣的一種治療方法(fa)。

中(zhong)醫在臨床治療過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)對于(yu)上述八法(fa)(fa)的運用(yong)(yong)是(shi)相當(dang)靈活的。由于(yu)有(you)不(bu)少病的情況相當(dang)復雜,往(wang)往(wang)不(bu)是(shi)單(dan)獨(du)使用(yong)(yong)某法(fa)(fa),而是(shi)把許(xu)多治療方(fang)法(fa)(fa)配合起來使用(yong)(yong),如汗下并用(yong)(yong)、溫清并用(yong)(yong)、攻補并用(yong)(yong)、消補并用(yong)(yong)等(deng)等(deng)。除(chu)去(qu)“八法(fa)(fa)”之(zhi)外(wai),歷代(dai)醫家還(huan)提出了(le)許(xu)多其他(ta)的治法(fa)(fa),并且還(huan)創(chuang)造了(le)相當(dang)豐富的外(wai)治法(fa)(fa)。如熏蒸(zheng)法(fa)(fa)、洗浴法(fa)(fa)、敷貼(tie)法(fa)(fa)、熨法(fa)(fa)、含(han)漱(shu)法(fa)(fa)、塞法(fa)(fa)、摩擦法(fa)(fa)、撲粉(fen)法(fa)(fa)、起泡法(fa)(fa)、探吐(tu)法(fa)(fa)、導(dao)引(yin)法(fa)(fa)等(deng)。

中醫(yi)靈活運用八法(fa)以及其他方法(fa)治病的向時必(bi)須遵守一些原(yuan)則。

第一(yi)條原則是治病(bing)必求(qiu)于(yu)本(ben)。“本(ben)”,指的(de)(de)(de)是疾(ji)病(bing)的(de)(de)(de)本(ben)質。“必求(qiu)于(yu)本(ben)”,是強調一(yi)定(ding)要透過(guo)錯綜(zong)復雜(za)(za)的(de)(de)(de)現象,抓住疾(ji)病(bing)的(de)(de)(de)實質,找(zhao)出治療的(de)(de)(de)關鍵。有(you)些(xie)疾(ji)病(bing)的(de)(de)(de)癥狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)往(wang)往(wang)是很復雜(za)(za)的(de)(de)(de),在一(yi)大堆頭緒紛亂的(de)(de)(de)癥狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)中(zhong),不(bu)僅有(you)主次本(ben)末、輕(qing)重緩急的(de)(de)(de)區別,而且有(you)時候(hou)(hou)(hou)還會出現某些(xie)假象。所以(yi),中(zhong)醫治病(bing)的(de)(de)(de)時候(hou)(hou)(hou)首先要注意識別那些(xie)“真(zhen)熱假寒”、“真(zhen)寒假熱”、“至虛(xu)有(you)盛候(hou)(hou)(hou)”(真(zhen)虛(xu)假實)、“大實有(you)贏狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)”(真(zhen)實假虛(xu))的(de)(de)(de)虛(xu)假證狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)。否則寒熱不(bu)分,虛(xu)實不(bu)辨,以(yi)假當真(zhen),被(bei)表面(mian)現象所迷惑,非但治不(bu)好病(bing),甚至會造成醫療事故。

第(di)二條原則(ze)是(shi)扶(fu)正(zheng)祛邪(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)。中醫認(ren)為,一切病證都是(shi)正(zheng)邪(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)雙(shuang)方(fang)力量的(de)(de)(de)消(xiao)長變化(hua)所造成的(de)(de)(de)。“正(zheng)”,指人體的(de)(de)(de)抵(di)抗力和修復能力;“邪(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)”,指病邪(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)。“正(zheng)氣(qi)存內(nei),邪(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)不(bu)可干(gan)”,“邪(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)之所湊,其氣(qi)必虛”,意(yi)思是(shi)說,人體的(de)(de)(de)正(zheng)氣(qi)旺盛,就不(bu)容易受(shou)到病邪(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)的(de)(de)(de)侵(qin)犯(fan);相反(fan),受(shou)了病邪(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)的(de)(de)(de)侵(qin)犯(fan),人體的(de)(de)(de)正(zheng)氣(qi)就要受(shou)到損傷。所以醫生治病的(de)(de)(de)時(shi)候(hou),一定要努力扶(fu)助人的(de)(de)(de)正(zheng)氣(qi),增強人的(de)(de)(de)體質,同(tong)時(shi)又要設法驅(qu)除病邪(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie),以求邪(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)去正(zheng)復,使疾病朝(chao)著治愈的(de)(de)(de)方(fang)面(mian)轉化(hua)。這一原則(ze)就叫做扶(fu)正(zheng)祛邪(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)。

在治病的(de)時候,首(shou)先要(yao)看正邪雙方(fang)的(de)盛衰情(qing)況,如(ru)果(guo)病邪顯著而(er)正氣又不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)太(tai)虛,應(ying)以“祛(qu)邪”為主(zhu),如(ru)果(guo)正氣虛而(er)病邪不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)盛,則應(ying)以“扶(fu)正”為主(zhu),如(ru)果(guo)正氣已(yi)虛而(er)病邪又盛,就應(ying)該采用“扶(fu)正”和(he)“祛(qu)邪”兼施(shi)的(de)原(yuan)則。但應(ying)該注意的(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi),扶(fu)助(zhu)正氣不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)要(yao)造成(cheng)“留(liu)邪”的(de)惡果(guo)。有些(xie)人(ren)得了(le)病,總喜(xi)歡服補(bu)藥,而(er)庸醫(yi)也喜(xi)歡投(tou)人(ren)所(suo)好(hao)。結果(guo)往往“閉門(men)留(liu)寇”,遺害(hai)很多(duo)。尤其是(shi)(shi)(shi)有些(xie)急性(xing)傳染病,發病急遽,如(ru)果(guo)正氣不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)很虛弱,更(geng)應(ying)該及時驅邪。另一(yi)種情(qing)況是(shi)(shi)(shi)祛(qu)邪不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)要(yao)傷(shang)害(hai)正氣。《紅樓(lou)夢》中(zhong)的(de)胡太(tai)醫(yi)就不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)懂得這個道理(li)。他(ta)在給(gei)睛雯治病的(de)時候就犯了(le)祛(qu)邪傷(shang)正的(de)大(da)忌(ji)。晴雯本來是(shi)(shi)(shi)偶感風寒的(de)小(xiao)病,可(ke)是(shi)(shi)(shi)胡大(da)醫(yi)卻搬出了(le)一(yi)大(da)堆紫蘇(su)、桔梗、防風、荊芥等解表藥,又用上了(le)枳實、麻黃(huang)一(yi)類的(de)猛峻(jun)藥物。這就難(nan)怪賈寶(bao)玉(yu)罵他(ta)“該死,該死”。賈寶(bao)玉(yu)說:“雖(sui)疏散,也不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)太(tai)過。舊年(nian)我(wo)病了(le),卻是(shi)(shi)(shi)傷(shang)寒,內(nei)里(li)飲食停滯……還(huan)禁(jin)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)起麻黃(huang)、石膏(gao)、枳實等虎狼藥。我(wo)和(he)你(ni)們(指丫環們)就如(ru)……那才開的(de)白(bai)海棠似的(de)。我(wo)禁(jin)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)起的(de)藥,你(ni)們哪里(li)禁(jin)得起?”

除上述原(yuan)(yuan)則(ze)外,還有正(zheng)治(zhi)反治(zhi)、同病異治(zhi)、異病同治(zhi)等原(yuan)(yuan)則(ze),以及(ji)因人、因時、因地(di)制宜原(yuan)(yuan)則(ze)等等。

從(cong)上述分(fen)析中可以看出,中醫(yi)治療的(de)(de)原則,始終貫徹了從(cong)整體(ti)出發,又聯(lian)系時間、地點和人的(de)(de)各種(zhong)不同(tong)的(de)(de)情況,堅持(chi)具(ju)體(ti)問題具(ju)體(ti)分(fen)析的(de)(de)精神。

中醫里 用姜汁炮制的方法 入的是什么經

姜制(zhi)能夠抑制(zhi)藥物的(de)寒性(xing),增強藥效,降低(di)毒性(xing)。并不一定起到引經的(de)作用。

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