眼底(di)病(bing)(bing)變包括了視網(wang)膜，脈絡膜，視神經(jing)及(ji)玻璃體的(de)炎(yan)癥，腫瘤，各(ge)類血管的(de)病(bing)(bing)變，各(ge)種變性疾病(bing)(bing)及(ji)多(duo)系(xi)統疾病(bing)(bing)引起的(de)眼部病(bing)(bing)變。不僅種類繁多(duo)，而且對視功能(neng)損害較大。
眼底病(bing)變包括了視(shi)網(wang)膜，脈絡膜，視(shi)神經(jing)及玻璃(li)體的炎癥，腫(zhong)瘤，各類血管的病(bing)變，各種變性疾(ji)(ji)病(bing)及多系(xi)統疾(ji)(ji)病(bing)引起(qi)的眼部病(bing)變。不僅(jin)種類繁(fan)多，而且對(dui)視(shi)功能損(sun)害較大。
眼(yan)底(di)位于內(nei)眼(yan)深部，結構精細(xi)，眼(yan)底(di)病(bing)(bing)的(de)(de)復(fu)雜(za)性及多(duo)樣性使眼(yan)底(di)病(bing)(bing)的(de)(de)治(zhi)(zhi)療(liao)有(you)較大的(de)(de)困難。傳統的(de)(de)治(zhi)(zhi)療(liao)方法有(you)藥物治(zhi)(zhi)療(liao)、物理治(zhi)(zhi)療(liao)，但(dan)往往難以奏效，隨著高科技(ji)的(de)(de)迅速發展，目前眼(yan)底(di)激光已成(cheng)為許多(duo)眼(yan)底(di)病(bing)(bing)的(de)(de)主要(yao)治(zhi)(zhi)療(liao)方法。
眼底病包括玻璃體,視網膜,脈絡膜,視神經的病變.有一本系統將眼底病學的書,大概有七百多頁. 眼底病對視力的損害是很重的,如果不能及時治療,常常可以造成永久的損害. 視力下降,視物遮擋感,視物變形,變暗,都可以是眼底病的癥狀.而且,眼底病很大一部分都是不疼的. 唯一的辦法,就是到醫院檢查,按醫生的指示接受治療!
做為(wei)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)睛多發病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)這一(yi)(yi)(yi).眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)底(di)(di)(di)(di)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)由于其病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)因復雜(za),病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)情(qing)兇(xiong)險,致(zhi)盲(mang)率相(xiang)當高(gao),已成為(wei)我(wo)(wo)國人(ren)群(qun)中(zhong)(zhong)致(zhi)盲(mang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)首要原因. 患(huan)(huan)(huan)了(le)(le)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)底(di)(di)(di)(di)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)患(huan)(huan)(huan)者(zhe)(zhe),其臨床(chuang)表現(xian)(xian)一(yi)(yi)(yi)般有(you)兩種情(qing)況：一(yi)(yi)(yi)是(shi)患(huan)(huan)(huan)者(zhe)(zhe)不同(tong)程度地出現(xian)(xian)視(shi)(shi)(shi)力(li)下降,嚴(yan)重時單(dan)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)或雙(shuang)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)視(shi)(shi)(shi)力(li)大(da)幅下降,甚至無(wu)光感(gan).如(ru)果(guo)累積在黃(huang)斑部(bu)時,則會引起(qi)視(shi)(shi)(shi)物縮小(xiao)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)形(xing)等(deng);二是(shi)視(shi)(shi)(shi)野縮小(xiao)或有(you)暗影,患(huan)(huan)(huan)者(zhe)(zhe)自我(wo)(wo)感(gan)覺(jue)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)前有(you)黑(hei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)“漂浮物”,“蝌蚪”或“蜘蛛網”.論(lun)及眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)底(di)(di)(di)(di)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)因,大(da)致(zhi)可包括動脈硬(ying)化,高(gao)血(xue)壓,糖尿病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing),腎炎,貧(pin)血(xue),流感(gan),結核,高(gao)度近(jin)視(shi)(shi)(shi),顱內上(shang)位性病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)等(deng).而從(cong)發病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)人(ren)群(qun)來(lai)看,各(ge)個年齡階段(duan)都有(you)可能患(huan)(huan)(huan)上(shang)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)底(di)(di)(di)(di)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing). 我(wo)(wo)們都知道,眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)球(qiu)是(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)個球(qiu)形(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)物體.眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)白眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)黑(hei),一(yi)(yi)(yi)目了(le)(le)然,但后面的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)部(bu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)我(wo)(wo)們看不見,那里就(jiu)是(shi)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)底(di)(di)(di)(di).眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)球(qiu)前面的(de)(de)(de)(de)角膜(mo),晶體等(deng),被稱為(wei)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)前段(duan),后面則被稱之為(wei)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)底(di)(di)(di)(di).眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)底(di)(di)(di)(di)由三(san)層膜(mo)構成,外層為(wei)白色鞏膜(mo),中(zhong)(zhong)間一(yi)(yi)(yi)層呈棕色的(de)(de)(de)(de)稱脈絡(luo)膜(mo),內層為(wei)視(shi)(shi)(shi)網膜(mo).每(mei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)層都有(you)動脈,靜脈血(xue)管負責供給營養,但若(ruo)內兩層膜(mo)發生病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian),就(jiu)會引起(qi)組織工(gong)作癱瘓,誘發血(xue)管,視(shi)(shi)(shi)神經,黃(huang)斑等(deng)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian),這也(ye)就(jiu)是(shi)常說的(de)(de)(de)(de)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)底(di)(di)(di)(di)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing). 根(gen)據(ju)采取中(zhong)(zhong)華醫(yi)學會制(zhi)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)期標準,糖尿病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)性視(shi)(shi)(shi)網膜(mo)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)可分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)為(wei)2型6期.1~3期為(wei)單(dan)純型或非增(zeng)生型,4~6期為(wei)增(zeng)生型.分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)期越高(gao)表明(ming)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)程度越重.眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)底(di)(di)(di)(di)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)期應根(gen)據(ju)散瞳(tong)(前提：無(wu)閉角型青光眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan))眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)底(di)(di)(di)(di)檢查而定(ding),對病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)程長的(de)(de)(de)(de)患(huan)(huan)(huan)者(zhe)(zhe)更(geng)應散瞳(tong)檢查,因為(wei)小(xiao)瞳(tong)孔下不能完全發現(xian)(xian)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)底(di)(di)(di)(di)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian). 眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)底(di)(di)(di)(di)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)期明(ming)確了(le)(le),采用何(he)種治(zhi)療就(jiu)有(you)了(le)(le)根(gen)據(ju).一(yi)(yi)(yi)般來(lai)說,1期眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)底(di)(di)(di)(di)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)以控(kong)制(zhi)血(xue)糖為(wei)主,并(bing)應每(mei)年復查眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)底(di)(di)(di)(di),一(yi)(yi)(yi)般需要早期中(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)治(zhi)療.2期眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)底(di)(di)(di)(di)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)如(ru)無(wu)黃(huang)斑水(shui)腫(zhong),應在控(kong)制(zhi)血(xue)糖基礎上(shang),控(kong)制(zhi)血(xue)脂(zhi)和血(xue)壓等(deng)因素,防止病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)發展.3期眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)底(di)(di)(di)(di)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)如(ru)何(he)治(zhi)療根(gen)據(ju)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)程度而定(ding),輕度的(de)(de)(de)(de)3期病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)治(zhi)療與2期相(xiang)同(tong),并(bing)應密(mi)切隨訪眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)底(di)(di)(di)(di).
目前還沒有(you)能(neng)完全治愈黃斑變性的(de)1方法，但(dan)治療可(ke)以防止嚴重的(de)視力喪失或延緩疾(ji)病的(de)進展(zhan)。有(you)幾個選項可(ke)供選擇，包括：
??抗血管(guan)生(sheng)成藥物(wu)?，?這些藥物(wu)阻斷(duan)新血管(guan)增(zeng)生(sheng)和滲(shen)出從(cong)眼內血管(guan)畸(ji)形引起濕性黃(huang)斑變性，許多(duo)病人實際(ji)上已經恢復(fu)了一定(ding)的視力。?治療需要在(zai)隨訪。
???維生素(su)。對于某些人，維他命C，E，β-胡蘿卜素(su)，鋅和(he)銅可(ke)以降低(di)在患者(zhe)中(zhong)間，以先進的(de)干(gan)性黃(huang)斑變(bian)性視力喪失(shi)的(de)風險。??第(di)一是增加ω-3脂(zhi)肪(fang)酸(suan)（魚(yu)油），第(di)二個(ge)是兩個(ge)類胡蘿卜素(su)，葉黃(huang)素(su)和(he)玉米黃(huang)質，其存在于綠葉蔬(shu)菜和(he)深(shen)色(se)的(de)水果和(he)蔬(shu)菜的(de)組(zu)合(he)。?
???激光(guang)治療。高能激光(guang)光(guang)有時(shi)可以用來破壞發(fa)生(sheng)在黃斑變性活躍生(sheng)長的異常血管。
??光動(dong)力(li)激光治療。其中光敏(min)藥物(wu)(wu)（維(wei)替泊芬）用于破壞異常血(xue)管的兩步(bu)處理。?醫生注射藥物(wu)(wu)進入血(xue)液由異常血(xue)管的眼睛(jing)被吸(xi)收。?然后(hou)，醫生用冷(leng)激光進入眼睛(jing)來激活藥物(wu)(wu)，破壞異常血(xue)管。用特殊鏡頭或電子系統產生鄰近物(wu)(wu)體的放大的影像(xiang)設備。?它們(men)幫助人們(men)改善黃斑(ban)變性，減(jian)緩視力(li)減(jian)退，充(chong)分利用殘余視力(li)。
???黃斑(ban)下手(shou)術(shu)。手(shou)術(shu)切(qie)除畸(ji)形血管或(huo)血液。
???視網膜轉位。用來摧毀直屬黃(huang)斑，其中(zhong)激光束不能被安全地(di)放(fang)置(zhi)中(zhong)心異常血(xue)管的手術過(guo)(guo)程。?在該過(guo)(guo)程中(zhong)，黃(huang)斑中(zhong)心旋轉遠離異常血(xue)管在視網膜的健康的區域，從而防止(zhi)疤痕組織生成(cheng)。
視(shi)網(wang)(wang)膜(mo)脫落是(shi)(shi)比較常見的(de)眼底病(bing)，但(dan)是(shi)(shi)如不(bu)(bu)及時治有致盲可能，因此發生視(shi)網(wang)(wang)膜(mo)脫落應及早到醫院手(shou)(shou)術(shu)，方(fang)可保住視(shi)力。視(shi)網(wang)(wang)膜(mo)脫離的(de)部分無法正常工作，大腦接(jie)受從眼部來的(de)圖像不(bu)(bu)完整(zheng)或(huo)全部缺失。視(shi)網(wang)(wang)膜(mo)脫落，根據不(bu)(bu)同病(bing)癥采取的(de)手(shou)(shou)術(shu)方(fang)式不(bu)(bu)同，主要(yao)有以(yi)下幾種(zhong)手(shou)(shou)術(shu)方(fang)式：
1、激(ji)(ji)(ji)光，對(dui)(dui)于尚未發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)脫(tuo)離的視網(wang)(wang)膜裂(lie)(lie)孔(kong)，可以采(cai)用激(ji)(ji)(ji)光，封閉視網(wang)(wang)膜裂(lie)(lie)孔(kong)，以防止發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)視網(wang)(wang)膜脫(tuo)落。激(ji)(ji)(ji)光診治(zhi)(zhi)沒痛(tong)苦，將(jiang)激(ji)(ji)(ji)光儀光束對(dui)(dui)準(zhun)裂(lie)(lie)孔(kong)部位(wei)，按照規(gui)定的激(ji)(ji)(ji)光能量、時間、光斑(ban)大小，沿(yan)裂(lie)(lie)孔(kong)邊(bian)緣激(ji)(ji)(ji)射若干激(ji)(ji)(ji)光點(dian)，將(jiang)裂(lie)(lie)孔(kong)包(bao)圍封閉而治(zhi)(zhi)好。
2、玻璃體(ti)切割術，微創診治視(shi)網膜脫落，手術成功率(lv)高，手術復位(wei)率(lv)90%以上。
視網膜脫落手術后多久才能恢復?
眼(yan)(yan)(yan)科(ke)醫院的醫生談到，視網膜脫(tuo)落手術后(hou)(hou)需住院一(yi)周(zhou)左右，出院后(hou)(hou)1月(yue)(yue)(yue)內(nei)每周(zhou)復查(cha)(cha)(cha)一(yi)次，包括眼(yan)(yan)(yan)壓，視力，裂隙燈檢(jian)(jian)查(cha)(cha)(cha)，眼(yan)(yan)(yan)底檢(jian)(jian)查(cha)(cha)(cha)，B超(chao)，OCT檢(jian)(jian)查(cha)(cha)(cha)，其(qi)后(hou)(hou)半(ban)年內(nei)每月(yue)(yue)(yue)復查(cha)(cha)(cha)，半(ban)年后(hou)(hou)2-3月(yue)(yue)(yue)復查(cha)(cha)(cha)一(yi)次即(ji)可。術后(hou)(hou)一(yi)月(yue)(yue)(yue)內(nei)禁眼(yan)(yan)(yan)內(nei)進水(shui)，注意(yi)休息，不宜做重體(ti)力勞動，且(qie)隨時注意(yi)到醫院復查(cha)(cha)(cha)。
視網(wang)膜脫落(luo)手術(shu)(shu)(shu)后(hou)(hou)完全恢復需要6個月(yue)—2年左右，少數(shu)視網(wang)膜脫落(luo)患(huan)者術(shu)(shu)(shu)后(hou)(hou)有再(zai)(zai)次(ci)發生脫落(luo)或和(he)對(dui)側眼(yan)視網(wang)膜脫落(luo)的可能，復發后(hou)(hou)需再(zai)(zai)次(ci)手術(shu)(shu)(shu)。當出現(xian)眼(yan)前(qian)黑影飄蕩、閃光感、視力下降、視物變形、視野缺(que)損等癥狀時，應立即到醫院(yuan)診(zhen)治。對(dui)硅油充填術(shu)(shu)(shu)后(hou)(hou)的患(huan)者，更應定(ding)時復診(zhen)，以盡(jin)早發現(xian)硅油乳化及其對(dui)晶(jing)狀體和(he)角膜內皮的損害，及早處理。
中醫中苭治療眼底病具有止血不留瘀，祛瘀不傷正，延緩增殖性病變形成，減輕激光治療對眼底的損傷，避免出血反復發生的優勢;針刺聯合中苭治療缺血性眼底病更是獨具特色，具有抗炎、鎮靜、解痙、補氣養血、調整陰陽、活血化瘀、調節免疫功能、改善微循環、增強視細胞活性、提高視神經的興奮和傳導功能等方面作用，從而對保持和提高視力、擴大視野范圍、改善病情、阻止疾病進展方面有著特定的臨床意義。對于炎癥性眼底病而言，中醫治療眼底病具有確切的抗菌消炎、抗病毒作用，且可以減少這些西苭的用量及其毒副反應。
中醫治療雜性眼底病。肉食類主要用于雜性眼底病，或者熱性眼底病的恢復期輔助治療。牛肉和羊肉具有益氣養血明目的功效，肝、雞肉、鴨肉補腎益精血，豬肉、雞蛋和鴨蛋滋肝腎養陰液，魚類則具有補腎益氣、滋陰養目的作用。但這類食物應少食多餐，不可暴飲暴食。
我院特色治療：在臨床治療中，五輪五臟綜合療法注重五輪與五臟的緊密結合，風輪目疾，多從肝治，針對肝氣、肝火太旺、肝陰、肝血不足，治以平肝、瀉肝、柔肝、補肝之法以明目。血輪目疾，以心為主，對于心不生血、血不養肝、水不制火上攻眼目、熱血不止、刺痛難開、口舌生瘡、小便赤澀，而治以補血、養血、涼血、止血、清心瀉火明目之品。肉輪目疾，以脾虛胃弱為主，或因脾氣不足、中氣下陷，或脾不運水、濕聚成痰，或脾運衰退、胞瞼下垂。治以健脾利水、消痰散結、益氣升陽、健運脾胃之法。氣輪目疾，其病在肺。病機多為冷熱不調、肺不生水、火無水制、上攻眼目，治以滋陰潤肺、養陰清熱、清瀉肺火之法。水輪目疾，其治在腎。多由房勞過度、憂思積慮、腎水不足或腎陽虛衰所致，治以滋陰補腎、滋陰降火、溫補腎陽、滋補腎陰之法以明目。同時，由于病變的多樣性、復雜性，一輪病變可能是多個臟腑共同作用的結果，同一種疾病也可能引起多個輪臟的病變，故在臨證 ?
想必各位患者已經通過(guo)上述(shu)的(de)介(jie)紹對中醫(yi)治(zhi)療(liao)眼(yan)底(di)病的(de)方法有(you)了相應的(de)了解，希望對您能有(you)所幫助(zhu)。在此我院(yuan)全體(ti)醫(yi)護人(ren)員祝所有(you)眼(yan)底(di)病患者早日康(kang)復。
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