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癲癇患者的神經遞質和神經肽的改變

祝由(you)網 2023-11-13 00:23:04

癲癇患者的神(shen)經(jing)遞(di)質(zhi)和(he)神(shen)經(jing)肽的改變(bian)

與癲(dian)癇有(you)(you)關的(de)神(shen)(shen)經(jing)(jing)(jing)生(sheng)(sheng)化(hua)(hua)(hua)變(bian)化(hua)(hua)(hua),一是(shi)腦(nao)內(nei)生(sheng)(sheng)化(hua)(hua)(hua)改變(bian)引(yin)起(qi)癲(dian)癇發(fa)作,二(er)是(shi)由于癲(dian)癇發(fa)作引(yin)起(qi)了生(sheng)(sheng)化(hua)(hua)(hua)改變(bian)并造成中(zhong)樞神(shen)(shen)經(jing)(jing)(jing)損傷(shang)。前者對(dui)(dui)癲(dian)癇而言是(shi)原(yuan)發(fa)性(xing)改變(bian);后者可稱之為繼發(fa)性(xing)變(bian)化(hua)(hua)(hua)。癲(dian)癇的(de)生(sheng)(sheng)化(hua)(hua)(hua)變(bian)化(hua)(hua)(hua)比較(jiao)(jiao)復(fu)雜,并且由于人們對(dui)(dui)這(zhe)兩方(fang)(fang)面(mian)的(de)生(sheng)(sheng)化(hua)(hua)(hua)變(bian)化(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)認識還不(bu)(bu)夠深入,或可能(neng)由于這(zhe)個(ge)復(fu)雜性(xing)發(fa)作的(de)生(sheng)(sheng)化(hua)(hua)(hua)信息不(bu)(bu)能(neng)全部在人腦(nao)內(nei)直接(jie)獲(huo)得,故而人們還未完全了解(jie),有(you)(you)些(xie)問題的(de)解(jie)決有(you)(you)待科學(xue)技術的(de)進步。生(sheng)(sheng)化(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)改變(bian)包括糖、脂、神(shen)(shen)經(jing)(jing)(jing)遞質和神(shen)(shen)經(jing)(jing)(jing)肽等方(fang)(fang)面(mian),其(qi)中(zhong)神(shen)(shen)經(jing)(jing)(jing)遞質和神(shen)(shen)經(jing)(jing)(jing)肽的(de)改變(bian)更(geng)為重要,也是(shi)比較(jiao)(jiao)而言較(jiao)(jiao)為清楚的(de)一個(ge)方(fang)(fang)面(mian)。神(shen)(shen)經(jing)(jing)(jing)遞質和神(shen)(shen)經(jing)(jing)(jing)肽是(shi)腦(nao)內(nei)的(de)重要化(hua)(hua)(hua)學(xue)信息物。

癲癇的神經遞質和神經肽的改變:

(1)目前已知與癲癇有關的神經遞質主要是(shi)單胺(an)類(lei)(多巴(ba)胺(an)、去(qu)甲(jia)腎上腺(xian)素、5-HT)和氨(an)基(ji)酸類(lei)(GABA、甘氨(an)酸),均(jun)對(dui)癲癇發(fa)作起(qi)抑制作用。對(dui)癲癇發(fa)作起(qi)促發(fa)作用的神經遞質是(shi)乙酰膽(dan)堿(jian)和興(xing)奮性氨(an)基(ji)酸類(lei)(谷(gu)氨(an)酸、天(tian)冬氨(an)酸、牛磺酸)。  

(2)神經肽(tai)已發現有近百種,抑制發作的有促(cu)甲狀腺(xian)(xian)素釋(shi)放激素(TSH)和促(cu)腎上腺(xian)(xian)皮(pi)質(zhi)激素(ACTH);促(cu)進(jin)發作的有生(sheng)長抑素、蛙(wa)皮(pi)素、ACTH釋(shi)放因(yin)子(CRF)和腦啡肽(tai)等。

中(zhong)樞神經(jing)系統(CNS)突觸的(de)神經(jing)遞(di)質受體和離子通(tong)道在其(qi)信息傳(chuan)遞(di)中(zhong)起重要(yao)作用。  

①如興奮性神經遞質(zhi)谷氨(an)(an)酸(suan)有3種(zhong)受體,即(ji)海(hai)藻酸(suan)、使君子(zi)酸(suan)和N-甲(jia)基-D-天冬氨(an)(an)酸(suan)(NMDA)受體。癇(xian)性發作(zuo)時(shi)谷氨(an)(an)酸(suan)蓄(xu)積,作(zuo)用(yong)于NMDA受體和離(li)子(zi)通道,使突觸過度興奮,可能(neng)是(shi)導(dao)致癲癇(xian)發作(zuo)的原(yuan)因之(zhi)一(yi)。  

②GABA僅存于中(zhong)樞神(shen)經(jing)系(xi)統(tong)中(zhong),腦組織中(zhong)的(de)分布較(jiao)廣,黑質和蒼白(bai)球含量最高。GABA是中(zhong)樞神(shen)經(jing)系(xi)統(tong)的(de)抑制(zhi)(zhi)性(xing)遞質。癲(dian)癇發作(zuo)時(shi),鼠的(de)額葉皮質GABA水平隨時(shi)間(jian)的(de)延(yan)長而升高、降低(di)、再升高。癲(dian)癇發作(zuo)時(shi)腦組織對葡萄糖及其底物(wu)的(de)利(li)用受到限制(zhi)(zhi),氧的(de)利(li)用也(ye)減少,可導致谷氨酸和GABA量的(de)降低(di),降低(di)腦內的(de)GABA的(de)濃度(du),神(shen)經(jing)元突觸后(hou)膜的(de)抑制(zhi)(zhi)性(xing)作(zuo)用也(ye)會降低(di)。

癲癇患者(zhe)需(xu)要補腦子嗎

  癲(dian)(dian)(dian)癇(xian)(xian)(xian)是(shi)(shi)(shi)慢性(xing)(xing)(xing)反復發(fa)作性(xing)(xing)(xing)短(duan)暫腦(nao)(nao)功能失調(diao)綜合征,腦(nao)(nao)神經(jing)元異常過(guo)度放電(dian)是(shi)(shi)(shi)其發(fa)作的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)病理(li)生(sheng)理(li)基礎,由(you)于腦(nao)(nao)病變和(he)放電(dian)起源部位不(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong),癲(dian)(dian)(dian)癇(xian)(xian)(xian)發(fa)作的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)表(biao)現(xian)也(ye)是(shi)(shi)(shi)多(duo)種(zhong)多(duo)樣(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。生(sheng)活(huo)中(zhong)(zhong),很多(duo)人對癲(dian)(dian)(dian)癇(xian)(xian)(xian)發(fa)病的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)機制不(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)很明白,就(jiu)單純的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)認為(wei)是(shi)(shi)(shi)腦(nao)(nao)損傷(shang)或腦(nao)(nao)子(zi)壞了,并且癲(dian)(dian)(dian)癇(xian)(xian)(xian)發(fa)作對患(huan)者(zhe)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)腦(nao)(nao)子(zi)也(ye)是(shi)(shi)(shi)一種(zhong)損傷(shang),所以就(jiu)認為(wei)這(zhe)些患(huan)者(zhe)需(xu)要(yao)補(bu)腦(nao)(nao)子(zi),于是(shi)(shi)(shi)就(jiu)千方百計(ji)地找補(bu)藥(yao),對凡是(shi)(shi)(shi)帶(dai)補(bu)字樣(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)藥(yao)物或保健品,不(bu)(bu)管是(shi)(shi)(shi)否有(you)用(yong),也(ye)不(bu)(bu)在乎價格,就(jiu)統(tong)(tong)(tong)統(tong)(tong)(tong)買下讓患(huan)者(zhe)服(fu)用(yong)。   事實(shi)上,這(zhe)樣(yang)做是(shi)(shi)(shi)毫無(wu)醫學(xue)根據(ju)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),只能在心理(li)上表(biao)示(shi)理(li)解和(he)同(tong)(tong)情,但在道理(li)上是(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)能支(zhi)持(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。抗(kang)癲(dian)(dian)(dian)癇(xian)(xian)(xian)要(yao)對癥治療,一般不(bu)(bu)需(xu)要(yao)同(tong)(tong)時再服(fu)用(yong)其他的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)藥(yao)物。對于患(huan)有(you)癲(dian)(dian)(dian)癇(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)兒(er)童可適當(dang)補(bu)充(chong)維生(sheng)素(su)B6,因為(wei)維生(sheng)素(su)B6是(shi)(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)樞抑制性(xing)(xing)(xing)神經(jing)遞質(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)輔酶,能產生(sheng)一定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)抗(kang)癲(dian)(dian)(dian)癇(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作用(yong),另外(wai)如(ru)?-酪胺(an)酸、腦(nao)(nao)復康(kang)等藥(yao)物從理(li)論上有(you)助于改善大腦(nao)(nao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)功能,因此(ci)顱腦(nao)(nao)外(wai)傷(shang)后繼發(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)癲(dian)(dian)(dian)癇(xian)(xian)(xian)患(huan)者(zhe)可適當(dang)服(fu)用(yong)一些。   對于那些由(you)內分(fen)泌改變、電(dian)解質(zhi)失調(diao)、長期飲(yin)酒戒斷、中(zhong)(zhong)樞系統(tong)(tong)(tong)感(gan)染(ran)、代謝性(xing)(xing)(xing)疾病及特發(fa)性(xing)(xing)(xing)因素(su)導致的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)癲(dian)(dian)(dian)癇(xian)(xian)(xian)患(huan)者(zhe),補(bu)腦(nao)(nao)子(zi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)沒有(you)任何意義的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),不(bu)(bu)僅(jin)浪費大量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)錢(qian)財,身(shen)體(ti)代謝這(zhe)些藥(yao)物還無(wu)端增加了肝(gan)臟的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)負(fu)擔,濫用(yong)補(bu)藥(yao)還會引起藥(yao)物過(guo)敏(min)、中(zhong)(zhong)毒(du)等等。

神經肽修復術(shu)是(shi)怎樣治療的

軍頤中醫“神(shen)經(jing)肽修復(fu)再生術”使用微創導入技術,同時根據癲癇(xian)患者的(de)發病機制、年(nian)齡及病史結合而(er)成的(de)檢驗報告,給予(yu)一(yi)對一(yi)治(zhi)療。根據患者發病機制來選(xuan)擇修復(fu)位置,非(fei)侵入性治(zhi)療激(ji)活(huo)神(shen)經(jing)肽再生,引(yin)導神(shen)經(jing)肽在神(shen)經(jing)細胞內(nei)合成和突觸正常釋放,與突觸后膜上的(de)受體進行信息傳遞,不需要其他途徑轉(zhuan)化吸(xi)收,治(zhi)療過程中無風險,安(an)全(quan)有效。

癲癇(xian)持續4小時(shi)之多腦部(bu)有什么影響(xiang)

你(ni)好,癲(dian)癇病持續(xu)發(fa)作對(dui)腦(nao)(nao)部會出(chu)現患者腦(nao)(nao)血(xue)液不(bu)足(zu),并伴(ban)有(you)(you)全身代謝性(xing)(xing)(xing)酸中毒,心、肝(gan)功(gong)能紊亂,同時出(chu)現腦(nao)(nao)水腫和(he)顱(lu)內高壓,腦(nao)(nao)組織率先發(fa)生缺氧缺血(xue)性(xing)(xing)(xing)損傷。持續(xu)性(xing)(xing)(xing)癲(dian)癇發(fa)作,危及(ji)生命時,當搶救結(jie)束,癲(dian)癇存活者可(ke)有(you)(you)嚴重的后遺癥如腦(nao)(nao)萎縮、難(nan)控制(zhi)的癲(dian)癇、智力落后、癱瘓等(deng)。

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