古醫籍(ji)《壽世(shi)保(bao) 元》有詩云:“惜氣(qi)存精更養神,少思寡欲勿勞(lao)心(xin)。”大意是(shi):人(ren)欲延年百歲, 首(shou)先要斂氣(qi)保(bao)精以(yi)養其內(nei)在精神。的(de)確,“養神”是(shi)養生的(de)重要內(nei)容,只有精神 健康,才能真正長壽。
祖國(guo)醫(yi)學(xue)認為,精(jing)(jing)(jing)、氣(qi)、神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)乃人(ren)(ren)身之三寶,是(shi)祛病延年(nian)的(de) 內在(zai)因素(su),精(jing)(jing)(jing)與氣(qi)又(you)是(shi)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)的(de)物質基礎。精(jing)(jing)(jing)氣(qi)足(zu)則(ze)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)旺,精(jing)(jing)(jing)氣(qi)虛則(ze)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)衰(shuai)。神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)是(shi)整個人(ren)(ren)體(ti)(ti)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)命(ming)活(huo)(huo) 動(dong)(dong)的(de)外在(zai)表現,也就是(shi)人(ren)(ren)的(de)精(jing)(jing)(jing)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)狀態(tai)、思維活(huo)(huo)動(dong)(dong)。神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen),在(zai)人(ren)(ren)體(ti)(ti)居(ju)于首要地(di)位,惟有(you)(you)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)的(de)存在(zai) ,才(cai)能有(you)(you)人(ren)(ren)的(de)一切(qie)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)命(ming)活(huo)(huo)動(dong)(dong)現象(xiang)。古代養(yang)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)家強調指出(chu):“神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)強必多壽。”這(zhe)里 所說(shuo)的(de)“神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)強”實為腦神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)健全(quan)之意。只有(you)(you)腦神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)健全(quan),才(cai)能主(zhu)宰生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)命(ming)活(huo)(huo)動(dong)(dong)、臟(zang)腑協 調、肢體(ti)(ti)運動(dong)(dong)、五官通利,全(quan)身處于陰陽平衡的(de)正常生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)理狀態(tai)。所以說(shuo),精(jing)(jing)(jing)盈、氣(qi)充(chong)、神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)全(quan) ,為養(yang)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長壽之本,而調攝精(jing)(jing)(jing)、氣(qi)、神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)的(de)關鍵又(you)在(zai)于養(yang)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)。休 閑 居(ju) 編 輯
古往 今來(lai),醫家(jia)、道家(jia)、養生(sheng)(sheng)家(jia)們(men)都十分重(zhong)視精神調養,重(zhong)視精神治療和心(xin)(xin)理(li)養生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)作(zuo)用。認(ren)為 養生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)關鍵在于排除雜念。保持心(xin)(xin)地(di)純樸專一(yi),順乎(hu)天理(li),就能達到養生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)目的(de)。他們(men)認(ren)為 “善攝生(sheng)(sheng)者,不(bu)勞(lao)神,不(bu)苦形,神形既安,禍患(huan)何由(you)而(er)致也”。著名(ming)醫家(jia)石天基 作(zuo)一(yi)首《祛(qu)病(bing)歌》:“人或生(sheng)(sheng)來(lai)氣血弱,不(bu)會快(kuai)活疾病(bing)作(zuo)。病(bing)一(yi)作(zuo),心(xin)(xin)要(yao)樂,病(bing)都卻。 心(xin)(xin)病(bing)還將心(xin)(xin)藥醫,心(xin)(xin)不(bu)快(kuai)活空服藥。且來(lai)唱我快(kuai)活歌,便是長生(sheng)(sheng)不(bu)老藥。”
神(shen)(shen)只(zhi)(zhi)可得,不可失,只(zhi)(zhi)宜安(an),不宜亂。傷(shang)(shang)神(shen)(shen)則(ze)神(shen)(shen)衰(shuai),神(shen)(shen)衰(shuai)則(ze)健忘失眠(mian),多夢煩亂;神(shen)(shen)不守(shou) 舍則(ze)發為(wei)(wei)癲狂,甚則(ze)昏(hun)厥。安(an)神(shen)(shen)者(zhe)在于七情適(shi)度,喜(xi)(xi)、怒(nu)(nu)、憂(you)、思(si)(si)、悲(bei)、恐(kong)(kong)、驚各有(you)(you)法度, 適(shi)可而止(zhi)。“喜(xi)(xi)傷(shang)(shang)心(xin)(xin),怒(nu)(nu)傷(shang)(shang)肝,思(si)(si)傷(shang)(shang)脾,悲(bei)傷(shang)(shang)肺(fei),恐(kong)(kong)傷(shang)(shang)腎”,五(wu)臟所傷(shang)(shang)則(ze)精神(shen)(shen)渙 散,精神(shen)(shen)渙散則(ze)神(shen)(shen)志衰(shuai)減(jian),神(shen)(shen)志衰(shuai)減(jian)則(ze)諸病叢生。以(yi)上三者(zhe)又(you)相(xiang)互(hu)聯系。互(hu)為(wei)(wei)因果。現(xian)代醫 學也證實,人類疾病有(you)(you)50%~80%是由于精神(shen)(shen)過(guo)度緊張引起的,如高血壓、心(xin)(xin)動過(guo)速、神(shen)(shen)經 衰(shuai)弱等。
對于(yu)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)生,中醫(yi)有“藥養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)不(bu)(bu)如(ru)(ru)食養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang),食養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)不(bu)(bu)如(ru)(ru)精養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang),精養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)不(bu)(bu)如(ru)(ru)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen) 養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)”的說法。所謂養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen),主要是指(zhi)注意(yi)精神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)衛生。要做到安靜(jing)和(he)調,神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)清氣和(he),胸(xiong)(xiong)懷開(kai) 闊(kuo),從容溫(wen)和(he),切不(bu)(bu)可怨天尤人(ren)(ren),急躁易(yi)怒(nu)。“起(qi)居(ju)有常(chang)(chang)(chang),養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)其(qi)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)也”。如(ru)(ru)果(guo)人(ren)(ren) 們(men)只注意(yi)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)身,加強飲(yin)食營養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang),不(bu)(bu)懂得(de)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen),不(bu)(bu)善于(yu)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen),是難以獲得(de)健康長壽(shou)的。自古(gu)以 來(lai)無數事(shi)例表明,心(xin)胸(xiong)(xiong)狹窄、斤(jin)斤(jin)計較個人(ren)(ren)得(de)失的人(ren)(ren),能(neng)過古(gu)稀之(zhi)年(nian)者不(bu)(bu)多見(jian),而(er)胸(xiong)(xiong)懷開(kai)闊(kuo) 情(qing)緒(xu)樂(le)觀者,往(wang)往(wang)可享高壽(shou)。若“以酒為(wei)(wei)漿,以妄(wang)為(wei)(wei)常(chang)(chang)(chang),醉以入房,以欲竭其(qi)精,以耗 散其(qi)真(zhen),不(bu)(bu)知持滿,不(bu)(bu)時御神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen),務快其(qi)心(xin),逆(ni)生于(yu)樂(le),起(qi)居(ju)無節,故半(ban)百而(er)衰也”。人(ren)(ren) 生的道路(lu)坎坷不(bu)(bu)平,不(bu)(bu)如(ru)(ru)意(yi)事(shi)常(chang)(chang)(chang)八九,尤其(qi)人(ren)(ren)進入老年(nian)之(zhi)后,由(you)于(yu)社會角(jiao)色、人(ren)(ren)際關系、健 康狀況(kuang)、性格(ge)(ge)情(qing)緒(xu)等都會發生改變,若不(bu)(bu)能(neng)很好地把握住自己的“神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)”,往(wang)往(wang)可 產生孤(gu)獨、憂郁、失落、自卑等消極心(xin)理。從養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)生角(jiao)度講,老人(ren)(ren)晚(wan)年(nian)能(neng)否保持良好性格(ge)(ge)、樂(le) 觀情(qing)緒(xu)、高尚涵(han)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)和(he)歡暢心(xin)境,對延年(nian)益(yi)壽(shou)意(yi)義(yi)重(zhong)大。因此,老年(nian)人(ren)(ren)在注重(zhong)“養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)身 ”的同時,更應重(zhong)視“養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)”與“調神(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)”。
總之, 祖國的(de)(de)中醫養(yang)生,著重精神。神的(de)(de)充(chong)耗(hao)安亂,關系到人(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)健康長壽,養(yang)生應當養(yang)神。人(ren)(ren)們(men)若(ruo) 能(neng)遵循古訓(xun),修德養(yang)性,培養(yang)情操,健腦全(quan)神,方能(neng)享人(ren)(ren)生“天(tian)年”之壽。
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