履(lv)(lv)卦為文明之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)象。教化(hua)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)成也(ye)(ye)(ye)。有(you)(you)天(tian)地而(er)(er)人(ren)(ren)(ren)類生(sheng)(sheng)焉。有(you)(you)人(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)而(er)(er)生(sheng)(sheng)息見(jian)焉。有(you)(you)生(sheng)(sheng)息而(er)(er)秩序(xu)(xu)著焉。有(you)(you)秩序(xu)(xu)。而(er)(er)生(sheng)(sheng)成安(an)(an)和(he)(he)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)德昭焉。化(hua)育繁衍之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)(dao)(dao)彰焉。是故履(lv)(lv)者。定其(qi)(qi)秩序(xu)(xu)。而(er)(er)安(an)(an)其(qi)(qi)生(sheng)(sheng)。發(fa)揚(yang)道(dao)(dao)(dao)德。而(er)(er)和(he)(he)其(qi)(qi)類者也(ye)(ye)(ye)。其(qi)(qi)名(ming)履(lv)(lv)。其(qi)(qi)實體(ti)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。其(qi)(qi)卦有(you)(you)指。其(qi)(qi)辭有(you)(you)加。而(er)(er)意有(you)(you)專。用有(you)(you)定。為生(sheng)(sheng)生(sheng)(sheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)序(xu)(xu)。人(ren)(ren)(ren)物之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大(da)防(fang)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。傳曰履(lv)(lv)德之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)基也(ye)(ye)(ye)。履(lv)(lv)和(he)(he)而(er)(er)至。履(lv)(lv)以和(he)(he)行。可見(jian)履(lv)(lv)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為道(dao)(dao)(dao)大(da)矣哉。夫(fu)履(lv)(lv)卦乃小(xiao)(xiao)畜之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)反(fan)。上天(tian)下澤。一陰五陽(yang)。而(er)(er)其(qi)(qi)對則(ze)(ze)(ze)夬(guai)。其(qi)(qi)匹則(ze)(ze)(ze)謙(qian)。其(qi)(qi)逆則(ze)(ze)(ze)剝。其(qi)(qi)應則(ze)(ze)(ze)復豫也(ye)(ye)(ye)。蓋(gai)履(lv)(lv)上乾下兌(dui)。兌(dui)以承乾。陽(yang)以育陰。因和(he)(he)而(er)(er)成德。因剛而(er)(er)行己。以說言(yan)為貌。以不息為道(dao)(dao)(dao)。天(tian)尊而(er)(er)下就。陽(yang)眾而(er)(er)內涵(han)。不似小(xiao)(xiao)畜之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)志(zhi)于求物。卻能鑒于外物。以反(fan)于性道(dao)(dao)(dao)。此中和(he)(he)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)德。而(er)(er)其(qi)(qi)成則(ze)(ze)(ze)位育之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)功(gong)。故為人(ren)(ren)(ren)類準衡。世道(dao)(dao)(dao)模楷(kai)。而(er)(er)人(ren)(ren)(ren)事(shi)一切(qie)由之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以定其(qi)(qi)位。依之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以安(an)(an)其(qi)(qi)行。此志(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所一。德之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所齊。道(dao)(dao)(dao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所以大(da)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。
履卦卦象(xiang)。以(yi)乾合兌。上為純陽(yang)(yang)。下(xia)為少陰(yin)。兌。少女(nv)也。少陰(yin)從(cong)(cong)陽(yang)(yang)。少女(nv)從(cong)(cong)父(fu)。生(sheng)(sheng)育(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)愛(ai)。出乎天(tian)(tian)(tian)性。綏和之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)情。成乎至德(de)。雖五陽(yang)(yang)一(yi)陰(yin)。外剛內澤(ze)。而(er)(er)(er)(er)能(neng)從(cong)(cong)順(shun)不(bu)(bu)違。克己自守。故(gu)(gu)謂之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)履。言(yan)有(you)(you)(you)所處(chu)也。動則(ze)(ze)有(you)(you)(you)行。靜則(ze)(ze)有(you)(you)(you)立。進則(ze)(ze)有(you)(you)(you)序(xu)。退則(ze)(ze)有(you)(you)(you)位(wei)(wei)。此人(ren)道之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)。而(er)(er)(er)(er)萬(wan)(wan)類(lei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所安(an)也。故(gu)(gu)曰履。如(ru)(ru)足踐地。而(er)(er)(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)虞傾陷(xian)焉。自來天(tian)(tian)(tian)地生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)成物(wu)。垂(chui)象(xiang)如(ru)(ru)日(ri)月(yue)。成形如(ru)(ru)山(shan)川(chuan)。動如(ru)(ru)飛走之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)屬(shu)。靜如(ru)(ru)木石之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)類(lei)。運(yun)行如(ru)(ru)歲時寒暑。往復如(ru)(ru)日(ri)月(yue)風云(yun)。大(da)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)至于(yu)(yu)乾坤。小者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)等(deng)于(yu)(yu)亳末。莫(mo)(mo)不(bu)(bu)有(you)(you)(you)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)序(xu)。止其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)所。行其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)方(fang)。環其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)軌。則(ze)(ze)所謂履也。無(wu)(wu)履則(ze)(ze)亂。故(gu)(gu)萬(wan)(wan)物(wu)并育(yu)而(er)(er)(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)相(xiang)害(hai)。道并行而(er)(er)(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)相(xiang)悖。并生(sheng)(sheng)并存(cun)。并化并變。而(er)(er)(er)(er)無(wu)(wu)失其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)時。無(wu)(wu)乖(guai)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)位(wei)(wei)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)。履之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道也。而(er)(er)(er)(er)圣人(ren)則(ze)(ze)焉。設(she)卦以(yi)象(xiang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。稱辭以(yi)名之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。推其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)動靜云(yun)為。以(yi)志其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)安(an)危(wei)利害(hai)。莫(mo)(mo)不(bu)(bu)由(you)(you)(you)履以(yi)致之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、濟之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、一(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。是謂之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)體。故(gu)(gu)履者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)禮也。禮始于(yu)(yu)人(ren)。履成于(yu)(yu)天(tian)(tian)(tian)。禮見于(yu)(yu)物(wu)。履寓于(yu)(yu)道。禮歸(gui)于(yu)(yu)一(yi)切。履定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)于(yu)(yu)自然。故(gu)(gu)有(you)(you)(you)易即有(you)(you)(you)履。天(tian)(tian)(tian)地定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)位(wei)(wei)履也。山(shan)澤(ze)通氣履也。凡各卦之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)推蕩(dang)。各爻之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)往來。無(wu)(wu)一(yi)非履。而(er)(er)(er)(er)以(yi)乾兌獨揭其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)義(yi)焉。天(tian)(tian)(tian)尊居高。澤(ze)小在下(xia)。反映于(yu)(yu)夬。旁通于(yu)(yu)謙。而(er)(er)(er)(er)與小畜(chu)相(xiang)反相(xiang)成。此卦象(xiang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所由(you)(you)(you)生(sheng)(sheng)也。傳曰。履者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)處(chu)也。與小畜(chu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)稱寡相(xiang)應。寡則(ze)(ze)難(nan)止。處(chu)則(ze)(ze)有(you)(you)(you)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)。而(er)(er)(er)(er)畜(chu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)求其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)。如(ru)(ru)人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)富(fu)有(you)(you)(you)。必求其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)安(an)全也。果富(fu)而(er)(er)(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)安(an)。有(you)(you)(you)而(er)(er)(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)全。則(ze)(ze)生(sheng)(sheng)又奚樂。成又奚為。履者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)成乎畜(chu)也。由(you)(you)(you)畜(chu)而(er)(er)(er)(er)得(de)履。由(you)(you)(you)履而(er)(er)(er)(er)克畜(chu)。往復之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)用(yong)。恰如(ru)(ru)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)志。故(gu)(gu)君子富(fu)必有(you)(you)(you)教。富(fu)而(er)(er)(er)(er)好禮。欲保其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)富(fu)也。多(duo)(duo)財而(er)(er)(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)驕夸。多(duo)(duo)物(wu)而(er)(er)(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)恣肆(si)。則(ze)(ze)長享其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)業。大(da)成其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)德(de)。而(er)(er)(er)(er)天(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)歸(gui)仁。萬(wan)(wan)民咸(xian)服。此卦之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)兌居下(xia)言(yan)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)下(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)悅服也。
夫履(lv)(lv)(lv)上(shang)乾。乾乃君象也(ye)(ye)。居(ju)高而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)臨(lin)下。本(ben)剛健(jian)以(yi)(yi)(yi)生(sheng)(sheng)成(cheng)萬物。比之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)天(tian)帝。為(wei)(wei)(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)化(hua)(hua)主(zhu)宰。人(ren)物所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)祟(sui)仰者(zhe)也(ye)(ye)。而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)其(qi)(qi)(qi)下兌卦(gua)(gua)。說言(yan)(yan)(yan)以(yi)(yi)(yi)稱頌其(qi)(qi)(qi)上(shang)。順(shun)柔以(yi)(yi)(yi)和悅其(qi)(qi)(qi)主(zhu)。如少女之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)承(cheng)歡(huan)膝下。柔色(se)怡聲。以(yi)(yi)(yi)得(de)親(qin)歡(huan)。則(ze)生(sheng)(sheng)者(zhe)得(de)其(qi)(qi)(qi)育。化(hua)(hua)者(zhe)得(de)其(qi)(qi)(qi)和。栽(zai)者(zhe)培之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。聚者(zhe)教之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。以(yi)(yi)(yi)懷(huai)柔遠(yuan)近。親(qin)睦老幼(you)。此(ci)慈(ci)(ci)孝(xiao)(xiao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)德。仁(ren)(ren)(ren)愛之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)施也(ye)(ye)。故(gu)于(yu)(yu)(yu)人(ren)道(dao)。為(wei)(wei)(wei)父慈(ci)(ci)子孝(xiao)(xiao)。而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)寓(yu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)意(yi)于(yu)(yu)(yu)禮(li)(li)。體始(shi)于(yu)(yu)(yu)孝(xiao)(xiao)。本(ben)于(yu)(yu)(yu)尊敬(jing)。行(xing)(xing)于(yu)(yu)(yu)祭祀。而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)成(cheng)于(yu)(yu)(yu)教化(hua)(hua)。致功于(yu)(yu)(yu)治(zhi)平(ping)。此(ci)一(yi)卦(gua)(gua)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)包。蓋自修齊以(yi)(yi)(yi)達于(yu)(yu)(yu)治(zhi)平(ping)。無不(bu)(bu)(bu)由(you)此(ci)推(tui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)。禮(li)(li)有(you)三(san)百三(san)千。而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)首于(yu)(yu)(yu)孝(xiao)(xiao)弟。為(wei)(wei)(wei)返本(ben)復始(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)也(ye)(ye)。故(gu)祭祀尚焉。敬(jing)天(tian)事親(qin)。皆報(bao)(bao)本(ben)也(ye)(ye)。而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)履(lv)(lv)(lv)卦(gua)(gua)自小(xiao)畜(chu)(chu)變。生(sheng)(sheng)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)得(de)養。居(ju)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)得(de)安。行(xing)(xing)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)得(de)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)。化(hua)(hua)育得(de)時(shi)。物力(li)得(de)足。莫非天(tian)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)予者(zhe)。安得(de)不(bu)(bu)(bu)有(you)報(bao)(bao)乎(hu)。故(gu)禮(li)(li)貴往來。崇(chong)德報(bao)(bao)功。不(bu)(bu)(bu)愆于(yu)(yu)(yu)儀。溯原敦本(ben)。不(bu)(bu)(bu)忝所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)生(sheng)(sheng)。皆所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)行(xing)(xing)履(lv)(lv)(lv)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)也(ye)(ye)。故(gu)履(lv)(lv)(lv)者(zhe)。道(dao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)行(xing)(xing)。德之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)成(cheng)。教之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)立。治(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)明。由(you)前(qian)言(yan)(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)報(bao)(bao)恩由(you)后言(yan)(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)培本(ben)。由(you)內言(yan)(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)親(qin)親(qin)。由(you)外言(yan)(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)仁(ren)(ren)(ren)民。而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)一(yi)歸于(yu)(yu)(yu)禮(li)(li)。此(ci)中庸(yong)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)謂親(qin)親(qin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)殺。尊賢之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)等(deng)。禮(li)(li)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)生(sheng)(sheng)也(ye)(ye)。尊賢即仁(ren)(ren)(ren)民之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意(yi)。仁(ren)(ren)(ren)民由(you)普徧(bian)言(yan)(yan)(yan)。尊賢由(you)推(tui)重言(yan)(yan)(yan)。而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)尊賢固為(wei)(wei)(wei)仁(ren)(ren)(ren)民也(ye)(ye)。仁(ren)(ren)(ren)義本(ben)同出也(ye)(ye)。仁(ren)(ren)(ren)以(yi)(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)體。義以(yi)(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)用。禮(li)(li)重用。故(gu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)義。易所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)謂利貞之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)德也(ye)(ye)。而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)適以(yi)(yi)(yi)成(cheng)其(qi)(qi)(qi)元亨(heng)。蓋易由(you)用反本(ben)。由(you)坤(kun)(kun)以(yi)(yi)(yi)歸于(yu)(yu)(yu)乾。示(shi)用之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)必(bi)有(you)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)成(cheng)。而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)生(sheng)(sheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)必(bi)有(you)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)育。育而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)后成(cheng)其(qi)(qi)(qi)生(sheng)(sheng)。是履(lv)(lv)(lv)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)卦(gua)(gua)為(wei)(wei)(wei)乾兌。而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)其(qi)(qi)(qi)用則(ze)取坤(kun)(kun)艮(gen)。故(gu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)利貞為(wei)(wei)(wei)德。而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)彖辭則(ze)稱其(qi)(qi)(qi)亨(heng)也(ye)(ye)。有(you)國天(tian)下者(zhe)。必(bi)求其(qi)(qi)(qi)亨(heng)。而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)始(shi)于(yu)(yu)(yu)貞不(bu)(bu)(bu)可也(ye)(ye)。故(gu)治(zhi)平(ping)必(bi)自修齊始(shi)。而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)成(cheng)人(ren)成(cheng)物。必(bi)自成(cheng)己(ji)始(shi)也(ye)(ye)。履(lv)(lv)(lv)者(zhe)禮(li)(li)也(ye)(ye)。以(yi)(yi)(yi)誠(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)本(ben)。以(yi)(yi)(yi)敬(jing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)基。而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)仁(ren)(ren)(ren)愛為(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)干。孝(xiao)(xiao)弟為(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)先。而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)卒成(cheng)教與(yu)政(zheng)。民之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)化(hua)(hua)于(yu)(yu)(yu)德。行(xing)(xing)于(yu)(yu)(yu)道(dao)。各得(de)其(qi)(qi)(qi)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)。以(yi)(yi)(yi)全其(qi)(qi)(qi)生(sheng)(sheng)。而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)共(gong)安其(qi)(qi)(qi)序。樂(le)其(qi)(qi)(qi)育。此(ci)履(lv)(lv)(lv)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)天(tian)下履(lv)(lv)(lv)。無一(yi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)足踐(jian)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)躬行(xing)(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)。有(you)履(lv)(lv)(lv)以(yi)(yi)(yi)處。有(you)禮(li)(li)以(yi)(yi)(yi)安以(yi)(yi)(yi)一(yi)。則(ze)小(xiao)畜(chu)(chu)得(de)其(qi)(qi)(qi)畜(chu)(chu)。而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)圣人(ren)政(zheng)教得(de)其(qi)(qi)(qi)成(cheng)矣。此(ci)下悅而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)上(shang)尊。內和而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)外健(jian)。施之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)四海而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)同順(shun)。垂之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)千古而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)同服。禮(li)(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)用。大(da)矣至矣。學者(zhe)可不(bu)(bu)(bu)重視之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乎(hu)。
履卦(gua)最奇。以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)乾(qian)而(er)(er)(er)能(neng)俯從(cong)兌。以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)上而(er)(er)(er)能(neng)卑(bei)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)自牧。故為奇。蓋(gai)中國文明。全在禮治。禮以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)天子(zi)始。無不(bu)納于規(gui)矩方(fang)圓之(zhi)中。尊(zun)卑(bei)皆然(ran)。而(er)(er)(er)尊(zun)者更(geng)自卑(bei)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)率下。故象取乾(qian)剛(gang)居上。而(er)(er)(er)隨兌以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)降(jiang)心(xin)也(ye)(ye)。陽(yang)主升。而(er)(er)(er)此獨用其降(jiang)。蓋(gai)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)得(de)民悅服(fu)耳。若升而(er)(er)(er)不(bu)降(jiang)。則(ze)成(cheng)亢龍。貴而(er)(er)(er)無位。高(gao)而(er)(er)(er)無民。將何以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)自存乎。故圣人制(zhi)易。陽(yang)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)陰用。剛(gang)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)柔行。不(bu)許其適(shi)。而(er)(er)(er)使之(zhi)中和。此道(dao)之(zhi)大用。亦儒道(dao)之(zhi)主旨也(ye)(ye)。觀履卦(gua)更(geng)可(ke)證明矣。
又(you)曰、履為人類(lei)立(li)身處(chu)世之本。及政教治人安民之基。一部(bu)禮(li)經全由此(ci)出。既中國(guo)古代文(wen)化。易教治平修(xiu)齊(qi)工夫。莫不(bu)始于此(ci)卦。故講(jiang)時(shi)宜(yi)詳(xiang)細(xi)推繹(yi)。以求古圣立(li)卦設辭深心。興(xing)夫易教包蓋政教微(wei)義。
履(lv)(lv)卦所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)得名(ming)(ming)。以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)柔履(lv)(lv)剛。如(ru)人(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)踐(jian)履(lv)(lv)也(ye)。蓋以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)乾兌(dui)合。一陰居中。而(er)(er)(er)(er)能(neng)聯諸陽(yang)。陽(yang)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)從陰。陰以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)接陽(yang)。比(bi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)在上。而(er)(er)(er)(er)能(neng)俯就(jiu)于(yu)下(xia)。居尊而(er)(er)(er)(er)能(neng)抑(yi)勢自(zi)卑。此以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)名(ming)(ming)分(fen)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)為。而(er)(er)(er)(er)克(ke)見其(qi)德(de)(de)。修養所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)成。而(er)(er)(er)(er)克(ke)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)其(qi)志(zhi)。不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)富貴驕人(ren)(ren)(ren)。不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)貧賤喪志(zhi)。則(ze)(ze)(ze)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)平(ping)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)能(neng)平(ping)。不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)均者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)能(neng)均。闕者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)補之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。乏者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)益(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。多者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)截之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。過者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)約(yue)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)齊于(yu)中而(er)(er)(er)(er)底于(yu)和。故(gu)(gu)名(ming)(ming)履(lv)(lv)。言示(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)有所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)履(lv)(lv)也(ye)。雖尊榮而(er)(er)(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)危(wei)。卑陋而(er)(er)(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)辱。屈而(er)(er)(er)(er)得伸(shen)。上而(er)(er)(er)(er)可下(xia)。以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)定(ding)于(yu)其(qi)分(fen)。而(er)(er)(er)(er)安(an)于(yu)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)生。以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)一其(qi)紛(fen)。整其(qi)亂。而(er)(er)(er)(er)使之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)乖不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)悖。不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)逆(ni)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)離(li)。以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)成其(qi)道(dao)而(er)(er)(er)(er)厚其(qi)德(de)(de)。此圣人(ren)(ren)(ren)治平(ping)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)取義(yi)。而(er)(er)(er)(er)禮樂之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)仿(fang)興也(ye)。履(lv)(lv)字(zi)(zi)上尸(shi)下(xia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)。尸(shi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)。明身所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)止(zhi)也(ye)。古文(wen)與廣或(huo)廠相通(tong)用(yong)。皆示(shi)為人(ren)(ren)(ren)物(wu)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)安(an)處之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地。而(er)(er)(er)(er)心志(zhi)骸(hai)體(ti)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)休息(xi)。群類(lei)動靜(jing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)依棲。而(er)(er)(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)犯于(yu)外患。不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)逢于(yu)時災。故(gu)(gu)如(ru)屋廬屨屐之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)類(lei)。多取象焉(yan)。而(er)(er)(er)(er)履(lv)(lv)則(ze)(ze)(ze)又為踐(jian)踏(ta)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)用(yong)。復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)返(fan)也(ye)。行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)而(er)(er)(er)(er)自(zi)歸曰(yue)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)。言人(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)遠而(er)(er)(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)忘其(qi)本(ben)始(shi)。往而(er)(er)(er)(er)來(lai)歸。去而(er)(er)(er)(er)仍返(fan)。則(ze)(ze)(ze)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)失其(qi)宗。不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)離(li)其(qi)原。循環往復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)。以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)合于(yu)天地之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)。故(gu)(gu)曰(yue)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)。如(ru)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)卦七日來(lai)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)。乃(nai)天道(dao)也(ye)。而(er)(er)(er)(er)人(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。則(ze)(ze)(ze)為復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)始(shi)。克(ke)己(ji)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)禮以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)至于(yu)仁。則(ze)(ze)(ze)修養之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)也(ye)。人(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)生存(cun)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)。不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)離(li)于(yu)道(dao)。則(ze)(ze)(ze)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)履(lv)(lv)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)。以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)道(dao)為本(ben)。復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)始(shi)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)體(ti)皆復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)道(dao)也(ye)。小畜所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)謂復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)自(zi)道(dao)也(ye)。復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)字(zi)(zi)從彳。亦行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意。易之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言人(ren)(ren)(ren)道(dao)也(ye)有四行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。即(ji)(ji)道(dao)神德(de)(de)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)是也(ye)。傳曰(yue)顯道(dao)神德(de)(de)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。明易之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)示(shi)其(qi)旨。而(er)(er)(er)(er)教人(ren)(ren)(ren)有所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)遵也(ye)。行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)一切(qie)事(shi)物(wu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動定(ding)也(ye)。而(er)(er)(er)(er)履(lv)(lv)賅之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。由(you)其(qi)成言曰(yue)德(de)(de)。由(you)其(qi)始(shi)言曰(yue)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。二(er)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)。精粗(cu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)別也(ye)。故(gu)(gu)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)字(zi)(zi)從行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)與德(de)(de)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)半賅其(qi)始(shi)終也(ye)。人(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)足(zu)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)踐(jian)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)。即(ji)(ji)身所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)止(zhi)。步所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)。即(ji)(ji)心所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)至。履(lv)(lv)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)。人(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)止(zhi)動定(ding)也(ye)。故(gu)(gu)統(tong)名(ming)(ming)曰(yue)人(ren)(ren)(ren)道(dao)。而(er)(er)(er)(er)圣人(ren)(ren)(ren)著之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為禮制(zhi)焉(yan)。
夫履(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)以(yi)(yi)(yi)乾(qian)合(he)兌。兌為(wei)(wei)(wei)缺(que)。乾(qian)則(ze)充。故(gu)履(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)為(wei)(wei)(wei)補闕之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)象(xiang)。而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)其(qi)(qi)(qi)錯為(wei)(wei)(wei)夬(guai)(guai)。夬(guai)(guai)亦缺(que)也。夬(guai)(guai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上下(xia)。恰(qia)與(yu)履(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)異(yi)位(wei)。故(gu)在(zai)夬(guai)(guai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)足(zu)。在(zai)履(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)則(ze)足(zu)矣。履(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)反為(wei)(wei)(wei)小(xiao)畜。小(xiao)畜之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)陰(yin)爻(yao)位(wei)在(zai)四爻(yao)。恰(qia)與(yu)履(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)異(yi)地。小(xiao)畜之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)求(qiu)富(fu)。在(zai)履(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)則(ze)不(bu)求(qiu)矣。蓋履(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)為(wei)(wei)(wei)全人(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)生(sheng)。足(zu)人(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)需。而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)不(bu)得過(guo)其(qi)(qi)(qi)分(fen)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)已有(you)(you)者。使長保之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)末(mo)得者。使自足(zu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。不(bu)貪(tan)于(yu)(yu)(yu)外物(wu)(wu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)安其(qi)(qi)(qi)心。不(bu)茍于(yu)(yu)(yu)所(suo)求(qiu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)清其(qi)(qi)(qi)志。是(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)富(fu)貴(gui)得之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)安和。貧賤得之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)樂育。以(yi)(yi)(yi)成其(qi)(qi)(qi)道。益(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)德。是(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)人(ren)(ren)所(suo)履(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)無歉也。天(tian)(tian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)生(sheng)斯人(ren)(ren)也。恒(heng)不(bu)能齊。或富(fu)或貧。或貴(gui)或賤。或夭或壽。或逸或勞。此情也。非人(ren)(ren)力(li)所(suo)能一(yi)(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)有(you)(you)履(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)以(yi)(yi)(yi)使之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)(yi)。則(ze)圣人(ren)(ren)因天(tian)(tian)道而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)立(li)(li)人(ren)(ren)道。以(yi)(yi)(yi)不(bu)齊齊之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。不(bu)足(zu)足(zu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。故(gu)取(qu)象(xiang)于(yu)(yu)(yu)兌。而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)調其(qi)(qi)(qi)志于(yu)(yu)(yu)乾(qian)。蓋以(yi)(yi)(yi)兌之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)缺(que)為(wei)(wei)(wei)守。以(yi)(yi)(yi)乾(qian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)充為(wei)(wei)(wei)用。而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)自安于(yu)(yu)(yu)不(bu)足(zu)。以(yi)(yi)(yi)齎其(qi)(qi)(qi)志于(yu)(yu)(yu)光明中(zhong)(zhong)正。而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)無所(suo)憾。此履(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)禮(li)(li)(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)源。而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)天(tian)(tian)下(xia)皆(jie)(jie)(jie)定于(yu)(yu)(yu)一(yi)(yi)也。以(yi)(yi)(yi)履(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)中(zhong)(zhong)爻(yao)象(xiang)離(li)(li)。離(li)(li)為(wei)(wei)(wei)后天(tian)(tian)乾(qian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)代(dai)位(wei)。故(gu)有(you)(you)光明之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)羲(xi)。且中(zhong)(zhong)爻(yao)人(ren)(ren)爻(yao)也。小(xiao)畜履(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)變異(yi)。皆(jie)(jie)(jie)屬之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)此人(ren)(ren)爻(yao)。皆(jie)(jie)(jie)為(wei)(wei)(wei)人(ren)(ren)事所(suo)移易變化者。故(gu)因畜之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)變而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)為(wei)(wei)(wei)履(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)。即因人(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)欲而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)制禮(li)(li)(li)。禮(li)(li)(li)立(li)(li)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)情欲有(you)(you)所(suo)止。富(fu)貴(gui)貧賤皆(jie)(jie)(jie)由禮(li)(li)(li)以(yi)(yi)(yi)定之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。富(fu)不(bu)侮貧。貧不(bu)富(fu)。貴(gui)不(bu)狎賤。賤不(bu)怨貴(gui)。皆(jie)(jie)(jie)得其(qi)(qi)(qi)和。而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)成大同(tong)為(wei)(wei)(wei)治。此禮(li)(li)(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大效。亦應乎中(zhong)(zhong)正光明者也。大有(you)(you)同(tong)人(ren)(ren)。皆(jie)(jie)(jie)取(qu)乾(qian)離(li)(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)象(xiang)。故(gu)大同(tong)為(wei)(wei)(wei)治之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)極則(ze)。而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)其(qi)(qi)(qi)始莫不(bu)由禮(li)(li)(li)。即履(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)肇(zhao)也。禮(li)(li)(li)必(bi)有(you)(you)節(jie)(jie)(jie)。節(jie)(jie)(jie)以(yi)(yi)(yi)坎合(he)兌。亦同(tong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)履(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)。唯履(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)著其(qi)(qi)(qi)大。節(jie)(jie)(jie)明其(qi)(qi)(qi)細。履(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)通于(yu)(yu)(yu)天(tian)(tian)。故(gu)從乾(qian)。節(jie)(jie)(jie)限于(yu)(yu)(yu)物(wu)(wu)。故(gu)從坎。而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)皆(jie)(jie)(jie)本兌之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)足(zu)與(yu)自悅義焉(yan)。故(gu)貧而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)樂富(fu)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)好禮(li)(li)(li)。卑而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)不(bu)屈。尊而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)自下(xia)。皆(jie)(jie)(jie)平(ping)治之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)則(ze)。大同(tong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)風。此古圣立(li)(li)人(ren)(ren)道。必(bi)假于(yu)(yu)(yu)禮(li)(li)(li)。禮(li)(li)(li)則(ze)理矣。有(you)(you)條而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)不(bu)紊(wen)謂之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)理。有(you)(you)條者不(bu)齊。而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)不(bu)紊(wen)。則(ze)齊矣。故(gu)禮(li)(li)(li)者齊以(yi)(yi)(yi)不(bu)齊。一(yi)(yi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)不(bu)一(yi)(yi)。足(zu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)不(bu)足(zu)。平(ping)其(qi)(qi)(qi)不(bu)平(ping)。均(jun)其(qi)(qi)(qi)不(bu)均(jun)。而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)致(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong)和者也。皆(jie)(jie)(jie)本于(yu)(yu)(yu)履(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)象(xiang)焉(yan)。
履之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)用(yong)(yong)(yong)。本(ben)乎小畜之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)志。而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)應其(qi)(qi)變(bian)、以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)濟其(qi)(qi)窮(qiong)(qiong)。故(gu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)人(ren)(ren)道(dao)(dao)必需(xu)。世治(zhi)極則。不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可一時(shi)無(wu)(wu)(wu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。蓋小畜為(wei)(wei)(wei)求(qiu)物(wu)(wu)力之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)充。財用(yong)(yong)(yong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)裕(yu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)遂其(qi)(qi)人(ren)(ren)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)欲。供其(qi)(qi)揮霍之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)費(fei)。輒(zhe)進取無(wu)(wu)(wu)厭(yan)。貪(tan)求(qiu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)足。因利(li)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)成害。為(wei)(wei)(wei)物(wu)(wu)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)喪志。因生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)趨殺。為(wei)(wei)(wei)情而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)悖性(xing)。此(ci)(ci)天(tian)下(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)至慘(can)。而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)人(ren)(ren)類之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)巨禍(huo)也(ye)(ye)。故(gu)必有(you)(you)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)救(jiu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。挽(wan)回其(qi)(qi)波流。樹(shu)立其(qi)(qi)堤(di)防。使全其(qi)(qi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)成。而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)無(wu)(wu)(wu)棄于(yu)(yu)(yu)天(tian)。自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)戕(qiang)其(qi)(qi)性(xing)。以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)時(shi)率其(qi)(qi)道(dao)(dao)。克(ke)養(yang)其(qi)(qi)德(de)。明人(ren)(ren)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)貴。而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)過于(yu)(yu)(yu)物(wu)(wu)。知世道(dao)(dao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)宜。而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)害于(yu)(yu)(yu)人(ren)(ren)。則順(shun)其(qi)(qi)變(bian)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)立其(qi)(qi)規。推(tui)其(qi)(qi)極以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)期其(qi)(qi)所(suo)(suo)至。使生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)者(zhe)(zhe)得(de)(de)其(qi)(qi)養(yang)。有(you)(you)者(zhe)(zhe)得(de)(de)其(qi)(qi)安。乏者(zhe)(zhe)得(de)(de)其(qi)(qi)足。無(wu)(wu)(wu)者(zhe)(zhe)得(de)(de)其(qi)(qi)平(ping)。此(ci)(ci)圣人(ren)(ren)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)利(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)阜生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)(dao)。而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)一歸于(yu)(yu)(yu)禮也(ye)(ye)。禮以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)濟其(qi)(qi)窮(qiong)(qiong)。而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)失其(qi)(qi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)。故(gu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)徒為(wei)(wei)(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)。而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)全。不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)徒為(wei)(wei)(wei)欲而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)欲自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)適。明利(li)于(yu)(yu)(yu)義。定(ding)志于(yu)(yu)(yu)道(dao)(dao)。用(yong)(yong)(yong)物(wu)(wu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)仁。養(yang)身以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)德(de)。則雖閱(yue)盜窟而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)無(wu)(wu)(wu)仇。居匪巢(chao)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)無(wu)(wu)(wu)損。譬(pi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)與虎狼處(chu)。不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)遭其(qi)(qi)毒。偕鯨鱷游。不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)攖其(qi)(qi)怒也(ye)(ye)。為(wei)(wei)(wei)能以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)禮自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)衛。則人(ren)(ren)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)攻(gong)。以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)禮敬(jing)(jing)人(ren)(ren)。則物(wu)(wu)無(wu)(wu)(wu)怨。雖居高不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)危。居下(xia)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)辱。時(shi)得(de)(de)其(qi)(qi)所(suo)(suo)。永保其(qi)(qi)樂。此(ci)(ci)禮之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)敬(jing)(jing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)外。以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)誠為(wei)(wei)(wei)內(nei)。自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)卑而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)尊人(ren)(ren)。自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)反而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)恕物(wu)(wu)。故(gu)禮者(zhe)(zhe)。恭敬(jing)(jing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)將。而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)和(he)(he)平(ping)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)本(ben)也(ye)(ye)。兌說而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)應乾剛也(ye)(ye)。澤順(shun)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)合天(tian)健(jian)也(ye)(ye)。內(nei)恭外敬(jing)(jing)。上謙下(xia)和(he)(he)。相濟其(qi)(qi)美(mei)。共成其(qi)(qi)德(de)。此(ci)(ci)履之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)。在有(you)(you)分(fen)(fen)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)能和(he)(he)。有(you)(you)等(deng)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)能一。有(you)(you)位而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)能自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)牧。有(you)(you)守(shou)(shou)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)能自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)信。故(gu)道(dao)(dao)通于(yu)(yu)(yu)天(tian)。德(de)麗于(yu)(yu)(yu)物(wu)(wu)。神昭于(yu)(yu)(yu)一切。而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)行達乎無(wu)(wu)(wu)窮(qiong)(qiong)也(ye)(ye)。說者(zhe)(zhe)謂禮為(wei)(wei)(wei)專制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。分(fen)(fen)為(wei)(wei)(wei)階級而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)非(fei)(fei)笑古人(ren)(ren)。訾訐圣教者(zhe)(zhe)。非(fei)(fei)愚則狂。蓋末明人(ren)(ren)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)本(ben)源。天(tian)道(dao)(dao)定(ding)序(xu)。徒逞己(ji)(ji)欲以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)利(li)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)私。慕(mu)物(wu)(wu)好以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)貪(tan)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)殺而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)已。惡足以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)言易(yi)哉(zai)。夫(fu)易(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。正(zheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)救(jiu)弊而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)存其(qi)(qi)善(shan)。去(qu)爭而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)求(qiu)其(qi)(qi)和(he)(he)耳。故(gu)禮者(zhe)(zhe)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。非(fei)(fei)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)(ren)也(ye)(ye)。分(fen)(fen)者(zhe)(zhe)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)守(shou)(shou)。非(fei)(fei)責(ze)人(ren)(ren)也(ye)(ye)。唯(wei)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。人(ren)(ren)亦(yi)無(wu)(wu)(wu)懟。故(gu)能制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)(ren)唯(wei)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)守(shou)(shou)。人(ren)(ren)亦(yi)無(wu)(wu)(wu)侵。故(gu)能責(ze)人(ren)(ren)共守(shou)(shou)。此(ci)(ci)其(qi)(qi)效(xiao)也(ye)(ye)。非(fei)(fei)初旨也(ye)(ye)。后(hou)人(ren)(ren)但知立法(fa)明刑(xing)。乃以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)(ren)責(ze)人(ren)(ren)為(wei)(wei)(wei)旨而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)忘己(ji)(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)宜制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)宜守(shou)(shou)。是正(zheng)悖易(yi)教。非(fei)(fei)圣人(ren)(ren)作禮明分(fen)(fen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意(yi)矣(yi)。故(gu)治(zhi)亂異焉。厚薄殊焉。夷考其(qi)(qi)得(de)(de)失。究孰為(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)哉(zai)。毋(wu)亦(yi)人(ren)(ren)事自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)移易(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)變(bian)遷之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)耳。讀者(zhe)(zhe)于(yu)(yu)(yu)此(ci)(ci)。務三(san)致意(yi)焉。
履：虎尾不咥人亨
此全(quan)卦彖辭也。文意深遠。取譬(pi)精(jing)(jing)審(shen)。寓義弘闊。驟讀之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。多不(bu)(bu)達(da)。必極深研幾。迥環窮究。方(fang)知立辭原旨。命語精(jing)(jing)奇(qi)。蓋易卦彖辭。概括全(quan)卦大義。而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)明(ming)(ming)其(qi)(qi)用(yong)。履(lv)卦大用(yong)。已如前述。其(qi)(qi)辭之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)取喻。則(ze)示用(yong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)易。而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)功之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)莫擬(ni)也。要知古圣深慮窮思。求(qiu)所以(yi)全(quan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)生。安人(ren)(ren)(ren)居(ju)。順乎(hu)天(tian)。成乎(hu)道(dao)。而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)永遠和平。化(hua)育無盡。乃取象于(yu)(yu)(yu)履(lv)。而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)定(ding)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)禮教。以(yi)禮制情(qing)欲(yu)(yu)(yu)。而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)充其(qi)(qi)育。保(bao)福利。而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)適于(yu)(yu)(yu)中(zhong)和。則(ze)非為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)一人(ren)(ren)(ren)一時(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)謀也。而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)履(lv)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)象。為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)小畜之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)反。因(yin)反以(yi)成畜。是(shi)圣人(ren)(ren)(ren)因(yin)情(qing)以(yi)制情(qing)。因(yin)欲(yu)(yu)(yu)以(yi)節欲(yu)(yu)(yu)。妙用(yong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)至。通于(yu)(yu)(yu)一切。故禮教為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)人(ren)(ren)(ren)道(dao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)本(ben)。賅仁(ren)(ren)義而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)立其(qi)(qi)度(du)。合道(dao)德(de)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)樹其(qi)(qi)規。以(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)安定(ding)斯民。樂育天(tian)下。實為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)不(bu)(bu)易之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)。故禮教成而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)野性(xing)化(hua)。仇(chou)怨消。爭殺止(zhi)(zhi)矣此彖辭比(bi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)履(lv)虎(hu)(hu)尾焉。虎(hu)(hu)性(xing)難(nan)馴。履(lv)其(qi)(qi)尾。而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)扼其(qi)(qi)吭。持其(qi)(qi)爪。則(ze)其(qi)(qi)仇(chou)殺之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)心。將(jiang)何以(yi)止(zhi)(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乎(hu)。而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)今日不(bu)(bu)咥人(ren)(ren)(ren)者(zhe)(zhe)。是(shi)必有(you)道(dao)矣。夫人(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)情(qing)欲(yu)(yu)(yu)。奔突肆恣。有(you)甚于(yu)(yu)(yu)虎(hu)(hu)。虎(hu)(hu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)惡(e)(e)。以(yi)其(qi)(qi)殘暴不(bu)(bu)仁(ren)(ren)。人(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)情(qing)欲(yu)(yu)(yu)所役。恒(heng)過于(yu)(yu)(yu)虎(hu)(hu)。為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)其(qi)(qi)徒利己(ji)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)檢。徒逐物而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)無厭。故殺人(ren)(ren)(ren)以(yi)逞。傷人(ren)(ren)(ren)以(yi)爭。虎(hu)(hu)雖(sui)(sui)惡(e)(e)。止(zhi)(zhi)于(yu)(yu)(yu)殺傷他類。末(mo)仇(chou)其(qi)(qi)種。人(ren)(ren)(ren)則(ze)與人(ren)(ren)(ren)仇(chou)。是(shi)過于(yu)(yu)(yu)虎(hu)(hu)。以(yi)虎(hu)(hu)喻者(zhe)(zhe)。虎(hu)(hu)輕言之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)世之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)殘暴不(bu)(bu)仁(ren)(ren)。人(ren)(ren)(ren)盡知為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)虎(hu)(hu)。故取之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)譬(pi)耳(er)。履(lv)虎(hu)(hu)尾而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)遭其(qi)(qi)咥。是(shi)其(qi)(qi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)必有(you)自全(quan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)。能化(hua)其(qi)(qi)野性(xing)。而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)諒人(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行也故亨。言其(qi)(qi)化(hua)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)通之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也。亨為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)大為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)明(ming)(ming)。以(yi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)雖(sui)(sui)有(you)履(lv)尾之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行。原無害虎(hu)(hu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意。此誠所感。敬所接。忠信所孚。能化(hua)所難(nan)化(hua)。通所不(bu)(bu)通。故為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)亨。以(yi)己(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)光明(ming)(ming)止(zhi)(zhi)大也。
就卦象(xiang)(xiang)言。上(shang)乾(qian)下兌(dui)。乾(qian)剛而(er)兌(dui)澤(ze)。錯(cuo)對為(wei)(wei)艮巽。有虎(hu)尾之象(xiang)(xiang)。乾(qian)為(wei)(wei)健(jian)。而(er)兌(dui)說之。有履虎(hu)尾之象(xiang)(xiang)。六爻五陽(yang)一(yi)陰。三(san)爻為(wei)(wei)陰以(yi)馴(xun)陽(yang)。柔以(yi)履剛。故曰履虎(hu)尾。明(ming)其險而(er)不(bu)(bu)危。惡而(er)不(bu)(bu)兇。在用(yong)為(wei)(wei)俯從。在德為(wei)(wei)將順(shun)。非等(deng)類而(er)能(neng)和(he)。非誘脅而(er)能(neng)悅(yue)。和(he)悅(yue)以(yi)應。剛健(jian)以(yi)從。如父撫(fu)少女。主惜子民。故尊而(er)卑。上(shang)而(er)俯。此以(yi)不(bu)(bu)咥(xi)人而(er)亨也。
彖曰：履(lv)(lv)。柔履(lv)(lv)剛(gang)也(ye)。說(shuo)而應戶(hu)乾。是(shi)以履(lv)(lv)虎(hu)尾不(bu)(bu)咥人。亨剛(gang)中正。履(lv)(lv)帝位(wei)而不(bu)(bu)疚。光明也(ye)
此申釋彖辭。明(ming)指卦用也(ye)(ye)(ye)。其(qi)最要者。以(yi)(yi)(yi)亨(heng)剛中(zhong)正。不(bu)(bu)(bu)疚光明(ming)數(shu)句(ju)。為(wei)履之(zhi)(zhi)所以(yi)(yi)(yi)成德也(ye)(ye)(ye)。說(shuo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)應乾(qian)。而(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)失其(qi)序。如少女雖(sui)得愛憐。不(bu)(bu)(bu)恃寵而(er)驕。如人(ren)主雖(sui)居尊位。不(bu)(bu)(bu)挾貴(gui)而(er)暴(bao)。尊卑分(fen)(fen)定。而(er)情能和(he)融。強弱勢(shi)殊(shu)。而(er)志無(wu)乖閡。蓋(gai)有以(yi)(yi)(yi)齊其(qi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)齊。一其(qi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)一。由相(xiang)異而(er)調之(zhi)(zhi)。本不(bu)(bu)(bu)同而(er)化之(zhi)(zhi)。格于(yu)無(wu)形。感于(yu)無(wu)聲(sheng)。故(gu)(gu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)疚于(yu)心。而(er)底(di)于(yu)光明(ming)。亨(heng)剛中(zhong)正。不(bu)(bu)(bu)招怨(yuan)尤。尊卑強弱。互用諧(xie)協。此道之(zhi)(zhi)極則。萬物所以(yi)(yi)(yi)并(bing)生(sheng)并(bing)育也(ye)(ye)(ye)。故(gu)(gu)圣(sheng)人(ren)鑒之(zhi)(zhi)而(er)制(zhi)禮(li)焉。禮(li)以(yi)(yi)(yi)和(he)為(wei)貴(gui)。分(fen)(fen)定則和(he)。分(fen)(fen)失則亂。禮(li)者能安亂而(er)致和(he)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。遏其(qi)貪恣。警其(qi)癡頑。化其(qi)暴(bao)野。養(yang)其(qi)情性(xing)。以(yi)(yi)(yi)復(fu)其(qi)初。以(yi)(yi)(yi)全其(qi)生(sheng)。此由兌之(zhi)(zhi)用以(yi)(yi)(yi)達乾(qian)之(zhi)(zhi)體也(ye)(ye)(ye)。故(gu)(gu)履字(zi)從復(fu)。言下復(fu)而(er)上達也(ye)(ye)(ye)。即由履以(yi)(yi)(yi)返成其(qi)畜之(zhi)(zhi)意。雖(sui)抑制(zhi)入(ru)欲。勉克(ke)人(ren)情。而(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)犯人(ren)。不(bu)(bu)(bu)害物。為(wei)其(qi)先自制(zhi)自克(ke)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。故(gu)(gu)人(ren)無(wu)怨(yuan)尤。此辭所謂不(bu)(bu)(bu)疚光明(ming)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。
象(xiang)曰。上天下澤。履。君子以(yi)辦上下。定民志。
此申釋卦象之義。由天道以及人道。明禮制之所由起也。夫人道之本于禮制。自有易而始定。溯其起源。則卦象既畫。體用已賅。雖無三千三百之條。而履之上天下澤之序。固已昭然。人民心志。因之而定。國家秩序。以之而安。是以禮成治。實為古圣先王不易之旨。蓋自伏羲以(yi)(yi)(yi)降。世代(dai)日益(yi)文明(ming)(ming)。風化日益(yi)醇厚者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)。禮(li)治之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)功也。故象(xiang)辭稱君(jun)子以(yi)(yi)(yi)實之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。謂先王所(suo)仿。而(er)后(hou)入所(suo)循。莫非(fei)履(lv)(lv)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)用(yong)。此(ci)禮(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)包舉人(ren)道之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)全。而(er)其(qi)(qi)(qi)成效(xiao)。早著于三代(dai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上(shang)。唐虞盛世。上(shang)下(xia)和(he)睦。農(nong)軒古風。人(ren)民熙攘其(qi)(qi)(qi)所(suo)由來。厥在乎禮(li)。禮(li)定而(er)人(ren)道以(yi)(yi)(yi)立(li)。禮(li)行而(er)人(ren)類以(yi)(yi)(yi)安。禮(li)成而(er)人(ren)生(sheng)以(yi)(yi)(yi)全。此(ci)文明(ming)(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)興。教化之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大。治功之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)隆。莫不(bu)由禮(li)。而(er)莫非(fei)仿于履(lv)(lv)也。且(qie)履(lv)(lv)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為禮(li)。乃(nai)(nai)圣人(ren)因象(xiang)制(zhi)用(yong)。本天(tian)以(yi)(yi)(yi)為人(ren)宜。固(gu)鑒于時之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)需(xu)。地之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)適。生(sheng)生(sheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)在。而(er)自然推(tui)遷之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)至者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)。故上(shang)天(tian)下(xia)澤。天(tian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)分也。雖強者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)不(bu)可奪。智(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)不(bu)可移。決不(bu)得謂天(tian)居下(xia)而(er)澤居上(shang)也。唯分固(gu)定。而(er)情(qing)宜和(he)。故辨上(shang)下(xia)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)。即(ji)(ji)以(yi)(yi)(yi)通上(shang)下(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)情(qing)。定民志(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)。即(ji)(ji)以(yi)(yi)(yi)達平均(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道也。說(shuo)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)知其(qi)(qi)(qi)一(yi)。而(er)忘其(qi)(qi)(qi)二。遂疑為專制(zhi)。為愚(yu)民。是(shi)誣先王。且(qie)不(bu)明(ming)(ming)天(tian)道也。末有無禮(li)而(er)能和(he)安者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)。末有和(he)安而(er)不(bu)由禮(li)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)。故辨上(shang)下(xia)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)、求其(qi)(qi)(qi)齊(qi)。定民志(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)、求其(qi)(qi)(qi)一(yi)。而(er)屈(qu)尊就(jiu)卑。截(jie)長補短。正為禮(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)本旨。蓋(gai)即(ji)(ji)履(lv)(lv)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)兌說(shuo)而(er)應乾(qian)剛。中正不(bu)失(shi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)位(wei)。光(guang)明(ming)(ming)不(bu)疚于心。乃(nai)(nai)能躋天(tian)下(xia)于太(tai)平。納人(ren)類于大同也。故在易(yi)履(lv)(lv)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下(xia)為泰。明(ming)(ming)其(qi)(qi)(qi)效(xiao)也。
履(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)卦以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)履(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)得名。如人之(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)履(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)。言而(er)有(you)信也(ye)(ye)(ye)。今人言踐約曰履(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)約。即此(ci)義(yi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。蓋必有(you)信約而(er)循行(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。故(gu)為人道(dao)之(zhi)(zhi)本。論(lun)語(yu)曰。民無(wu)信不立(li)。易之(zhi)(zhi)四德(de)。貞以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)立(li)信。而(er)稱干(gan)事(shi)。言能信。始能任(ren)事(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。故(gu)履(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)者(zhe)。理(li)(li)(li)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。禮(li)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。在德(de)曰禮(li)。在行(xing)曰理(li)(li)(li)。二者(zhe)一(yi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。理(li)(li)(li)出于道(dao)。禮(li)成(cheng)(cheng)于忠信。故(gu)履(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)卦所(suo)(suo)象。必以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)道(dao)德(de)為本。而(er)推之(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)治理(li)(li)(li)一(yi)切事(shi)物也(ye)(ye)(ye)。不獨人類(lei)所(suo)(suo)需。凡(fan)天地間事(shi)物。莫不有(you)分(fen)。分(fen)定(ding)。即履(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)之(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)用(yong)。越分(fen)則忘(wang)履(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)。雖兇惡(e)者(zhe)。分(fen)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)制(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)。不為害。若非分(fen)。則不可究詰。故(gu)情(qing)欲(yu)足以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)救人。怨毒(du)足以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)滅種。非分(fen)之(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)為。足以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)害無(wu)窮。此(ci)君子貴有(you)履(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。履(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)制(zhi)情(qing)而(er)平怨。遏欲(yu)而(er)解毒(du)。則在乎立(li)分(fen)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)定(ding)其志(zhi)。本于禮(li)與理(li)(li)(li)。不問其孰強弱也(ye)(ye)(ye)。故(gu)一(yi)切事(shi)物。皆得其平。以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)遂其生。以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)保其類(lei)。此(ci)世(shi)界之(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)繁(fan)榮無(wu)盡也(ye)(ye)(ye)。大哉覆乎。克成(cheng)(cheng)其畜者(zhe)。唯(wei)此(ci)是(shi)賴。此(ci)所(suo)(suo)謂(wei)相(xiang)反(fan)相(xiang)成(cheng)(cheng)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。
又曰吾國(guo)文明。發源自古(gu)。易其(qi)(qi)綜冊也(ye)。凡(fan)諸(zhu)子百家。教學論議。莫不(bu)(bu)宗(zong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。蓋人文仿于(yu)(yu)天(tian)(tian)。易之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)卦(gua)(gua)爻(yao)(yao)。亦(yi)人亦(yi)天(tian)(tian)。合(he)而(er)(er)觀之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。為(wei)(wei)造化(hua)具體(ti)。分而(er)(er)析之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。為(wei)(wei)人生(sheng)日用(yong)。故(gu)(gu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)言理。則(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)窮天(tian)(tian)地幽(you)明。以(yi)(yi)(yi)言事物(wu)。則(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)包(bao)巨細(xi)遠近。而(er)(er)立(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)極。折之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)中(zhong)。中(zhong)一(yi)不(bu)(bu)變。以(yi)(yi)(yi)應萬(wan)象設卦(gua)(gua)以(yi)(yi)(yi)統御之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。分爻(yao)(yao)以(yi)(yi)(yi)離合(he)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。而(er)(er)莫不(bu)(bu)歸于(yu)(yu)一(yi)陰一(yi)陽。以(yi)(yi)(yi)見其(qi)(qi)體(ti)用(yong)變化(hua)。所(suo)謂一(yi)正(zheng)一(yi)反(fan)(fan)是也(ye)。正(zheng)必有(you)反(fan)(fan)。反(fan)(fan)必有(you)正(zheng)。而(er)(er)終同于(yu)(yu)一(yi)。故(gu)(gu)善惡(e)皆(jie)止于(yu)(yu)道(dao)。性情皆(jie)成于(yu)(yu)德。此(ci)中(zhong)和(he)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)教所(suo)由(you)立(li)也(ye)。中(zhong)則(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)無物(wu)可執。而(er)(er)永守不(bu)(bu)失。和(he)則(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)無物(wu)可分。而(er)(er)有(you)條不(bu)(bu)紊(wen)。蓋和(he)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)用(yong)見于(yu)(yu)禮(li)(li)。中(zhong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)體(ti)建于(yu)(yu)天(tian)(tian)。天(tian)(tian)以(yi)(yi)(yi)仁(ren)為(wei)(wei)體(ti)。禮(li)(li)以(yi)(yi)(yi)誠為(wei)(wei)則(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)。二(er)(er)者(zhe)合(he)為(wei)(wei)仁(ren)。成為(wei)(wei)修齊治平。內之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)(wei)止至善。蟌之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)(wei)明明德。雖萬(wan)行(xing)千條。而(er)(er)一(yi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)貫之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。此(ci)固歷圣相(xiang)承之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)教。不(bu)(bu)問其(qi)(qi)為(wei)(wei)道(dao)為(wei)(wei)也(ye)。故(gu)(gu)易之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大(da)用(yong)。純在此(ci)一(yi)正(zheng)一(yi)反(fan)(fan)而(er)(er)相(xiang)成。如小畜與履。其(qi)(qi)明例也(ye)。二(er)(er)卦(gua)(gua)本有(you)正(zheng)反(fan)(fan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)異。合(he)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)則(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)為(wei)(wei)人道(dao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)全體(ti)。利以(yi)(yi)(yi)和(he)義(yi)。富以(yi)(yi)(yi)行(xing)仁(ren)。教則(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)成其(qi)(qi)富。禮(li)(li)則(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)保(bao)其(qi)(qi)生(sheng)育(yu)。非相(xiang)悖也(ye)。息(xi)息(xi)相(xiang)依(yi)。一(yi)則(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)不(bu)(bu)全。全則(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)人生(sheng)苦矣。故(gu)(gu)正(zheng)反(fan)(fan)相(xiang)濟。為(wei)(wei)易之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大(da)用(yong)。亦(yi)天(tian)(tian)地一(yi)切(qie)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大(da)經大(da)法也(ye)。讀(du)者(zhe)于(yu)(yu)此(ci)。要(yao)細(xi)細(xi)體(ti)會之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)爾。
圣(sheng)人(ren)(ren)觀于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)履卦以制禮(li)。明辨上(shang)(shang)下(xia)(xia)(xia)以定(ding)民(min)(min)志(zhi)。其義(yi)已見前矣。而(er)(er)最宜(yi)審察(cha)者(zhe)。則自(zi)來(lai)儒者(zhe)所(suo)(suo)述之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)治道(dao)(dao)。與(yu)夫(fu)人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)所(suo)(suo)習之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)教(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)(xue)。莫非始(shi)(shi)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)此(ci)(ci)。終于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)此(ci)(ci)。蓋(gai)大(da)(da)(da)學(xue)(xue)所(suo)(suo)述。中(zhong)庸(yong)(yong)所(suo)(suo)論。皆(jie)(jie)本堯舜一脈之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)傳。為(wei)三代制度之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)準。師(shi)(shi)弟千載所(suo)(suo)衍。為(wei)人(ren)(ren)生修(xiu)習之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)基。實由履象(xiang)(xiang)推演(yan)而(er)(er)來(lai)。易(yi)教(jiao)(jiao)規模所(suo)(suo)定(ding)。故(gu)在大(da)(da)(da)學(xue)(xue)首明明德(de)。而(er)(er)終于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)止(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)至善(shan)。中(zhong)庸(yong)(yong)首性道(dao)(dao)教(jiao)(jiao)。而(er)(er)終于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)中(zhong)和(he)(he)(he)位育。一以貫之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)即(ji)上(shang)(shang)天(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)(xia)澤履一節象(xiang)(xiang)辭之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)義(yi)也(ye)(ye)。何以言(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。上(shang)(shang)天(tian)(tian)者(zhe)。溯其尊(zun)(zun)(zun)。追其本。下(xia)(xia)(xia)澤者(zhe)。明其用。致(zhi)其功。而(er)(er)上(shang)(shang)尊(zun)(zun)(zun)以和(he)(he)(he)。下(xia)(xia)(xia)悅以敬(jing)(jing)。尊(zun)(zun)(zun)則不瀆。和(he)(he)(he)則無怨。悅則誠(cheng)服(fu)。敬(jing)(jing)則可(ke)久(jiu)。尊(zun)(zun)(zun)和(he)(he)(he)以安(an)(an)(an)。悅敬(jing)(jing)以大(da)(da)(da)。安(an)(an)(an)則無亂。大(da)(da)(da)則得(de)眾。而(er)(er)上(shang)(shang)安(an)(an)(an)則下(xia)(xia)(xia)懷(huai)。下(xia)(xia)(xia)利則上(shang)(shang)保。君(jun)居尊(zun)(zun)(zun)位。而(er)(er)民(min)(min)樂生。民(min)(min)愛其上(shang)(shang)。而(er)(er)君(jun)親(qin)眾。此(ci)(ci)大(da)(da)(da)學(xue)(xue)明德(de)、親(qin)親(qin)、新民(min)(min)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)旨(zhi)。中(zhong)庸(yong)(yong)中(zhong)和(he)(he)(he)位育之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)功也(ye)(ye)。且上(shang)(shang)天(tian)(tian)而(er)(er)不亢。下(xia)(xia)(xia)澤而(er)(er)不流。上(shang)(shang)下(xia)(xia)(xia)以濟(ji)。和(he)(he)(he)悅以生。如水(shui)火(huo)既濟(ji)。天(tian)(tian)火(huo)同人(ren)(ren)。而(er)(er)化為(wei)中(zhong)孚(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)象(xiang)(xiang)。即(ji)大(da)(da)(da)學(xue)(xue)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)止(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)至善(shan)。中(zhong)庸(yong)(yong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)率性修(xiu)道(dao)(dao)也(ye)(ye)。蓋(gai)上(shang)(shang)下(xia)(xia)(xia)者(zhe)在國(guo)為(wei)君(jun)臣(chen)家為(wei)父子(zi)(zi)。教(jiao)(jiao)為(wei)師(shi)(shi)弟。序為(wei)長幼。一尊(zun)(zun)(zun)一卑。天(tian)(tian)地定(ding)位。一仰一俯。陰(yin)陽(yang)協(xie)諧(xie)。于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)身為(wei)首足。為(wei)腹心。為(wei)神(shen)(shen)與(yu)形。為(wei)道(dao)(dao)與(yu)器。故(gu)曰(yue)形而(er)(er)上(shang)(shang)者(zhe)謂之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)(dao)。形而(er)(er)下(xia)(xia)(xia)者(zhe)謂之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)器。人(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)以修(xiu)養者(zhe)。砥礪(li)者(zhe)。培成而(er)(er)光大(da)(da)(da)者(zhe)。調劑以中(zhong)和(he)(he)(he)者(zhe)。皆(jie)(jie)此(ci)(ci)上(shang)(shang)與(yu)下(xia)(xia)(xia)也(ye)(ye)。得(de)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)則生。失之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)則亡。順之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)則化。復之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)則康。此(ci)(ci)至道(dao)(dao)至德(de)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)條(tiao)理也(ye)(ye)。故(gu)曰(yue)知止(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)而(er)(er)后(hou)(hou)(hou)有(you)定(ding)。定(ding)而(er)(er)后(hou)(hou)(hou)能靜。靜而(er)(er)后(hou)(hou)(hou)能安(an)(an)(an)。安(an)(an)(an)而(er)(er)后(hou)(hou)(hou)能慮。慮而(er)(er)后(hou)(hou)(hou)能得(de)。又曰(yue)為(wei)人(ren)(ren)君(jun)止(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)仁。為(wei)人(ren)(ren)臣(chen)止(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)敬(jing)(jing)。為(wei)人(ren)(ren)子(zi)(zi)止(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)孝。為(wei)人(ren)(ren)父止(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)慈。與(yu)國(guo)人(ren)(ren)交止(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)信。凡此(ci)(ci)諸德(de)。莫非明上(shang)(shang)下(xia)(xia)(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)分(fen)。定(ding)人(ren)(ren)道(dao)(dao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)倫(lun)。立修(xiu)養之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)方(fang)。納民(min)(min)物(wu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)軌。而(er)(er)以孚(fu)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)上(shang)(shang)天(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)(xia)澤一節之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)義(yi)也(ye)(ye)。故(gu)上(shang)(shang)下(xia)(xia)(xia)有(you)位。天(tian)(tian)澤同德(de)。而(er)(er)后(hou)(hou)(hou)民(min)(min)志(zhi)可(ke)定(ding)。人(ren)(ren)倫(lun)可(ke)明。至德(de)可(ke)成。至道(dao)(dao)可(ke)達(da)。此(ci)(ci)以有(you)條(tiao)有(you)理之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)始(shi)(shi)。而(er)(er)達(da)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)無聲無臭之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)終。可(ke)大(da)(da)(da)可(ke)久(jiu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行。而(er)(er)晉于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)乃圣(sheng)乃神(shen)(shen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)域。豈(qi)徒為(wei)治平言(yan)哉。又寧為(wei)尊(zun)(zun)(zun)君(jun)專制計者(zhe)耶。
夫天(tian)(tian)(tian)地之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大(da)。品物之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)庶。以(yi)(yi)生以(yi)(yi)聚。以(yi)(yi)利以(yi)(yi)安者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)。得其(qi)(qi)(qi)分而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)能協(xie)和。一其(qi)(qi)(qi)志(zhi)(zhi)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)猜忌也(ye)(ye)。故在(zai)一身(shen)(shen)。求(qiu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)心(xin)(xin)(xin)腎之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)濟。神形之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)和。而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)偏育。無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)輕彼重此(ci)(ci)。而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)后(hou)(hou)(hou)安生適(shi)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)。終其(qi)(qi)(qi)天(tian)(tian)(tian)年。此(ci)(ci)性(xing)(xing)命(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)修。必始(shi)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)養心(xin)(xin)(xin)寡欲(yu)。而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)期于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)明心(xin)(xin)(xin)見性(xing)(xing)。故大(da)學(xue)(xue)言(yan)知(zhi)止。以(yi)(yi)靜定安慮得。分述(shu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)工夫。此(ci)(ci)內行之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)有(you)定。而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)后(hou)(hou)(hou)上(shang)下不(bu)亂也(ye)(ye)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)在(zai)家(jia)(jia)國(guo)(guo)。求(qiu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)父子之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)親。君(jun)民之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)睦(mu)。遠近(jin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)相得。賢愚(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)相助。貧富之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)共濟。憂樂以(yi)(yi)均。而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)后(hou)(hou)(hou)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)怨無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)爭(zheng)。以(yi)(yi)安以(yi)(yi)和。相聚以(yi)(yi)類。素行不(bu)貪(tan)。此(ci)(ci)家(jia)(jia)國(guo)(guo)上(shang)下之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)分定。而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)達(da)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)齊平(ping)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)。故大(da)學(xue)(xue)言(yan)知(zhi)止。則有(you)仁、敬、孝、慈、信、諸(zhu)(zhu)德。言(yan)明德。則有(you)修、齊、治、平(ping)、諸(zhu)(zhu)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)。皆所(suo)以(yi)(yi)明履(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)用(yong)。而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)全人(ren)(ren)(ren)天(tian)(tian)(tian)也(ye)(ye)。進(jin)乎大(da)學(xue)(xue)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)。如(ru)(ru)中(zhong)庸率天(tian)(tian)(tian)命(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)性(xing)(xing)。修本(ben)性(xing)(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)。立(li)(li)性(xing)(xing)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)教。而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)與(yu)大(da)學(xue)(xue)誠(cheng)正章(zhang)相證(zheng)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)成(cheng)也(ye)(ye)。推中(zhong)和之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)德。致位育之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)功(gong)(gong)。亦由大(da)學(xue)(xue)齊平(ping)。而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)進(jin)乎至善。即(ji)所(suo)謂誠(cheng)明以(yi)(yi)達(da)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)大(da)化者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)。故儒教之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)旨。純出于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)上(shang)天(tian)(tian)(tian)下澤。而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)其(qi)(qi)(qi)效。終不(bu)外于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)辨(bian)上(shang)下。定民志(zhi)(zhi)。以(yi)(yi)民志(zhi)(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)定。為(wei)一切皆定。上(shang)下之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)分。為(wei)一切皆平(ping)。平(ping)然后(hou)(hou)(hou)安。定然后(hou)(hou)(hou)久。此(ci)(ci)天(tian)(tian)(tian)地永不(bu)敝。日月長光(guang)明。而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)發于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)有(you)為(wei)。止于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)為(wei)。始(shi)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)亳末。終于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)盡。故禮(li)(li)(li)運有(you)大(da)同大(da)順之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)世。即(ji)由履(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)以(yi)(yi)進(jin)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)泰象也(ye)(ye)。履(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)為(wei)天(tian)(tian)(tian)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)。禮(li)(li)(li)為(wei)人(ren)(ren)(ren)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)。禮(li)(li)(li)立(li)(li)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)后(hou)(hou)(hou)天(tian)(tian)(tian)下定。禮(li)(li)(li)成(cheng)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)后(hou)(hou)(hou)世治隆。此(ci)(ci)儒者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)言(yan)學(xue)(xue)必由禮(li)(li)(li)。不(bu)間為(wei)內外。為(wei)行藏也(ye)(ye)。民志(zhi)(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)定。正如(ru)(ru)seng之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)定。道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)抱一。不(bu)紛于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)心(xin)(xin)(xin)。乃凝(ning)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)神。豈易言(yan)哉。而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)知(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)各竊議之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。謂為(wei)束(shu)縛。為(wei)不(bu)自由。實未嘗聞(wen)性(xing)(xing)命(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)。通天(tian)(tian)(tian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)源。乃徇(xun)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)情。囿于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)識。迷戀于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)物玩。微逐(zhu)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)繁華之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徒(tu)。又烏(wu)足(zu)(zu)以(yi)(yi)談禮(li)(li)(li)教哉。故亂者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)人(ren)(ren)(ren)情之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)使。物欲(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)導(dao)。而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)生之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)賊者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)。即(ji)其(qi)(qi)(qi)所(suo)謂生。用(yong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)毒(du)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)。即(ji)其(qi)(qi)(qi)所(suo)謂用(yong)。曾(ceng)不(bu)悟上(shang)天(tian)(tian)(tian)下澤之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)義(yi)。而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)欲(yu)驅人(ren)(ren)(ren)以(yi)(yi)與(yu)禽獸爭(zheng)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)禍滔天(tian)(tian)(tian)。尚忍言(yan)哉。故履(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)卦取名。乃明示人(ren)(ren)(ren)所(suo)踐履(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)。即(ji)立(li)(li)足(zu)(zu)立(li)(li)身(shen)(shen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)也(ye)(ye)。失其(qi)(qi)(qi)所(suo)立(li)(li)。生將奚依。如(ru)(ru)別人(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)足(zu)(zu)。而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)欲(yu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)直立(li)(li)。天(tian)(tian)(tian)下無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)是事也(ye)(ye)。有(you)志(zhi)(zhi)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)與(yu)世治者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)。必反求(qiu)諸(zhu)(zhu)禮(li)(li)(li)。禮(li)(li)(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)興廢。人(ren)(ren)(ren)類之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)存(cun)亡(wang)。體之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)隆污。世道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)治亂此(ci)(ci)萬古不(bu)易者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)(ye)。唯毋誤解禮(li)(li)(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)功(gong)(gong)用(yong)。而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)悖履(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)象與(yu)辭義(yi)耳。
予更有(you)(you)一言(yan)(yan)。聲明(ming)禮(li)(li)(li)教之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)精義(yi)。則(ze)(ze)禮(li)(li)(li)者(zhe)與法治全(quan)異。法在制人(ren)(ren)(ren)。禮(li)(li)(li)在克己(ji)。故(gu)禮(li)(li)(li)文雖密。非(fei)以(yi)(yi)(yi)防人(ren)(ren)(ren)。乃自(zi)防也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。禮(li)(li)(li)例雖嚴。非(fei)以(yi)(yi)(yi)責人(ren)(ren)(ren)。乃自(zi)責也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。不(bu)(bu)(bu)獨(du)不(bu)(bu)(bu)專防人(ren)(ren)(ren)責人(ren)(ren)(ren)。且對人(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)越禮(li)(li)(li)者(zhe)。恒求其(qi)所以(yi)(yi)(yi)恕(shu)(shu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。必(bi)(bi)先自(zi)反以(yi)(yi)(yi)盡其(qi)己(ji)。故(gu)禮(li)(li)(li)本(ben)于忠恕(shu)(shu)。忠則(ze)(ze)盡己(ji)。恕(shu)(shu)則(ze)(ze)推己(ji)。末嘗為(wei)(wei)人(ren)(ren)(ren)謀(mou)。而(er)(er)人(ren)(ren)(ren)自(zi)服焉。蓋即本(ben)上(shang)天(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)澤(ze)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)旨也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。上(shang)天(tian)(tian)而(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)自(zi)尊(zun)(zun)。乃卑(bei)以(yi)(yi)(yi)就下(xia)(xia)。下(xia)(xia)澤(ze)而(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)自(zi)棄。乃悅以(yi)(yi)(yi)親上(shang)。上(shang)下(xia)(xia)和(he)睦。君(jun)民同樂(le)。而(er)(er)各安(an)其(qi)分(fen)。守其(qi)位。以(yi)(yi)(yi)長治久安(an)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。故(gu)禮(li)(li)(li)記曰夫禮(li)(li)(li)者(zhe)。自(zi)卑(bei)而(er)(er)尊(zun)(zun)人(ren)(ren)(ren)。雖負販者(zhe)。必(bi)(bi)有(you)(you)尊(zun)(zun)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。而(er)(er)況富貴(gui)乎。斯言(yan)(yan)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。足以(yi)(yi)(yi)概醴之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)用矣(yi)。蓋體在自(zi)遵。而(er)(er)所以(yi)(yi)(yi)立(li)己(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)身(shen)者(zhe)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。茍無自(zi)立(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地。是將陵奪他(ta)人(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)位。則(ze)(ze)大亂必(bi)(bi)生。故(gu)禮(li)(li)(li)以(yi)(yi)(yi)卑(bei)己(ji)尊(zun)(zun)人(ren)(ren)(ren)。而(er)(er)必(bi)(bi)自(zi)上(shang)作范。以(yi)(yi)(yi)身(shen)作則(ze)(ze)。本(ben)踐履之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)義(yi)。而(er)(er)因(yin)乾(qian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)親兌。比之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)父之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)愛女。唯恐(kong)其(qi)或離(li)怨也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)唯慮(lv)其(qi)或畏迫也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。相攜相近(jin)。至性至情。以(yi)(yi)(yi)成其(qi)德。達其(qi)道。而(er)(er)尊(zun)(zun)卑(bei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)分(fen)。出于天(tian)(tian)然。雖自(zi)卑(bei)不(bu)(bu)(bu)失(shi)其(qi)尊(zun)(zun)。自(zi)降(jiang)不(bu)(bu)(bu)失(shi)其(qi)位。故(gu)能(neng)定而(er)(er)有(you)(you)序(xu)。和(he)而(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)犯也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。故(gu)禮(li)(li)(li)有(you)(you)云禮(li)(li)(li)不(bu)(bu)(bu)下(xia)(xia)庶人(ren)(ren)(ren)。刑不(bu)(bu)(bu)上(shang)大夫。乃極(ji)言(yan)(yan)禮(li)(li)(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)重平(ping)等也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。無如后人(ren)(ren)(ren)誤釋此(ci)(ci)二語。遂(sui)遺千(qian)古弊害。實則(ze)(ze)不(bu)(bu)(bu)下(xia)(xia)者(zhe)。不(bu)(bu)(bu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)庶人(ren)(ren)(ren)為(wei)(wei)下(xia)(xia)而(er)(er)畧之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。不(bu)(bu)(bu)上(shang)者(zhe)。不(bu)(bu)(bu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)大夫為(wei)(wei)尊(zun)(zun)而(er)(er)減之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。必(bi)(bi)求其(qi)平(ping)。平(ping)則(ze)(ze)和(he)矣(yi)。故(gu)上(shang)天(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)澤(ze)。以(yi)(yi)(yi)止于太和(he)。此(ci)(ci)禮(li)(li)(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)極(ji)則(ze)(ze)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。倘如后人(ren)(ren)(ren)所釋。則(ze)(ze)所謂雖負販者(zhe)必(bi)(bi)有(you)(you)尊(zun)(zun)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)語。將何解(jie)哉。因(yin)關經(jing)義(yi)。特為(wei)(wei)正之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。
履上(shang)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)澤(ze)(ze)(ze)。說者(zhe)(zhe)謂為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)上(shang)下(xia)(xia)懸隔。位(wei)分(fen)(fen)差(cha)殊(shu)。即儒(ru)家尊(zun)君賤民階(jie)級制(zhi)度定案。此(ci)乃未嘗明(ming)解天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)與(yu)澤(ze)(ze)(ze)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)真義(yi)。而(er)妄為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)測度之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)辭(ci)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。履上(shang)乾(qian)(qian)下(xia)(xia)兌(dui)(dui)。取(qu)(qu)象(xiang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)澤(ze)(ze)(ze)。天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)非(fei)指(zhi)帝也(ye)(ye)(ye)。凡后(hou)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乾(qian)(qian)皆然。特(te)泛指(zhi)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)空(kong)(kong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)氣(qi)。故(gu)列位(wei)西(xi)北。與(yu)先(xian)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)地定位(wei)大(da)異。兌(dui)(dui)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)澤(ze)(ze)(ze)。此(ci)字人(ren)多末細思。澤(ze)(ze)(ze)水(shui)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。坎(kan)亦水(shui)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。何以(yi)(yi)異。則(ze)(ze)(ze)后(hou)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)澤(ze)(ze)(ze)。為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)水(shui)已(yi)成(cheng)(cheng)聚。必有(you)灌溉之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)用(yong)。潤沛(pei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)功(gong)。而(er)后(hou)可稱(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)澤(ze)(ze)(ze)。必有(you)積(ji)厚之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)勢(shi)。蒸發之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)源。而(er)后(hou)可稱(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)澤(ze)(ze)(ze)。其實大(da)如(ru)(ru)海徉。小(xiao)如(ru)(ru)湖(hu)沼。皆澤(ze)(ze)(ze)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。而(er)必有(you)光澤(ze)(ze)(ze)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)照耀(yao)。潤澤(ze)(ze)(ze)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)衍。以(yi)(yi)成(cheng)(cheng)其生物之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)德。化物之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)功(gong)。故(gu)在先(xian)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)與(yu)艮山對(dui)。而(er)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)山澤(ze)(ze)(ze)通氣(qi)。在后(hou)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)與(yu)乾(qian)(qian)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)連。而(er)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)澤(ze)(ze)(ze)合德之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)象(xiang)。山澤(ze)(ze)(ze)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)對(dui)。則(ze)(ze)(ze)成(cheng)(cheng)道(dao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)妙竅(qiao)。天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)澤(ze)(ze)(ze)合流(liu)。則(ze)(ze)(ze)成(cheng)(cheng)德之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)周回。故(gu)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)空(kong)(kong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)氣(qi)。即澤(ze)(ze)(ze)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)蒸、而(er)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)云為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)雨。澤(ze)(ze)(ze)中之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)。既天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)降、而(er)成(cheng)(cheng)聚成(cheng)(cheng)流(liu)。二者(zhe)(zhe)相(xiang)交(jiao)孚。而(er)非(fei)懸絕(jue)也(ye)(ye)(ye)明(ming)矣。在人(ren)兌(dui)(dui)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)口舌。為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)言(yan)語(yu)。為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)心(xin)(xin)所(suo)(suo)悅。負物所(suo)(suo)脫。其象(xiang)上(shang)缺(que)。似口出(chu)言(yan)。而(er)呼吸飲食資(zi)焉。內通心(xin)(xin)腎。為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)神志之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)達于(yu)外者(zhe)(zhe)。其上(shang)連頭腦。即如(ru)(ru)履之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上(shang)接(jie)乾(qian)(qian)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)。故(gu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)一身(shen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)木。而(er)示所(suo)(suo)倚立(li)。所(suo)(suo)踐(jian)履焉。在人(ren)情(qing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)父女(nv)。而(er)老少各異。相(xiang)愛憐、以(yi)(yi)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)性(xing)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。相(xiang)提(ti)攜、以(yi)(yi)至情(qing)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。雖有(you)上(shang)下(xia)(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)分(fen)(fen)。而(er)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)交(jiao)孚之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)用(yong)。雖具尊(zun)卑之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)分(fen)(fen)。而(er)得和感(gan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)功(gong)。此(ci)圣人(ren)取(qu)(qu)以(yi)(yi)制(zhi)禮(li)(li)。全本(ben)于(yu)此(ci)義(yi)。取(qu)(qu)其剛而(er)能(neng)(neng)柔。悅而(er)能(neng)(neng)端(duan)。不狎則(ze)(ze)(ze)敬。不畏則(ze)(ze)(ze)親。親敬不失。禮(li)(li)本(ben)以(yi)(yi)立(li)。故(gu)禮(li)(li)先(xian)于(yu)倫常。即大(da)學所(suo)(suo)謂止(zhi)仁止(zhi)敬一節之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)義(yi)。蓋有(you)禮(li)(li)則(ze)(ze)(ze)有(you)所(suo)(suo)止(zhi)。人(ren)倫為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)人(ren)類所(suo)(suo)共止(zhi)。此(ci)禮(li)(li)教(jiao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)定民志。而(er)治(zhi)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。故(gu)欲明(ming)禮(li)(li)教(jiao)原義(yi)。必先(xian)明(ming)易履之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上(shang)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)下(xia)(xia)澤(ze)(ze)(ze)。豈圣人(ren)故(gu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)束縛(fu)。定之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)階(jie)級哉。禮(li)(li)者(zhe)(zhe)。正求解束縛(fu)而(er)除階(jie)級之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)爭者(zhe)(zhe)。熟讀(du)禮(li)(li)經。必達此(ci)旨。
此章(zhang)極。言禮教之用。可見(jian)古人(ren)制(zhi)(zhi)作苦心。惜自秦后(hou)。人(ren)囿于地位(wei)之尊(zun)。忘夫(fu)(fu)大同之義。使(shi)禮偏(pian)于一尊(zun)。而(er)(er)不竟(jing)其(qi)(qi)用。礙(ai)于特權。而(er)(er)不揆(kui)于和。是行禮者(zhe)之過。非制(zhi)(zhi)禮者(zhe)之可議也。要(yao)知禮在(zai)三代以(yi)上。一切皆志于平均。尊(zun)者(zhe)自卑。強者(zhe)自弱。以(yi)成(cheng)其(qi)(qi)和。而(er)(er)求其(qi)(qi)相愛相助。非為貴(gui)富(fu)計也。而(er)(er)貴(gui)富(fu)賴以(yi)保全。放禮教者(zhe)、人(ren)道之本(ben)。后(hou)人(ren)所釋禮經。多乖原義。且經纂改(gai)不少(shao)。故(gu)為效僅(jin)小康耳。夫(fu)(fu)子深慨焉(yan)。故(gu)此卦不厭求詳也。
初九素履往無咎
此(ci)(ci)(ci)履(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)卦初九爻辭(ci)(ci)也(ye)(ye)。言(yan)履(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)用(yong)自此(ci)(ci)(ci)始(shi)(shi)。在履(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)用(yong)。為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)有(you)(you)(you)所(suo)立。必有(you)(you)(you)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)焉以(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)基。人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)藏(zang)。莫不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)有(you)(you)(you)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)有(you)(you)(you)始(shi)(shi)。而(er)(er)后(hou)立可(ke)以(yi)(yi)固(gu)。行(xing)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)亨。無(wu)(wu)(wu)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)則(ze)(ze)(ze)傾。無(wu)(wu)(wu)始(shi)(shi)則(ze)(ze)(ze)絕。人(ren)生如(ru)行(xing)道(dao)然(ran)。不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)忘(wang)所(suo)始(shi)(shi)。不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)失所(suo)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)。而(er)(er)后(hou)進(jin)退(tui)如(ru)意。行(xing)藏(zang)自在。此(ci)(ci)(ci)履(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)初九之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)辭(ci)(ci)。先(xian)明其(qi)義(yi)也(ye)(ye)。履(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)在事為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)禮(li)(li)(li)(li)。禮(li)(li)(li)(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)始(shi)(shi)。即忠(zhong)信(xin)也(ye)(ye)。忠(zhong)則(ze)(ze)(ze)盡己(ji)。信(xin)則(ze)(ze)(ze)誠(cheng)己(ji)。簡言(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)誠(cheng)也(ye)(ye)。而(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)假于(yu)外。不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)憑于(yu)物(wu)。潔(jie)身以(yi)(yi)固(gu)。貞心(xin)以(yi)(yi)毅。此(ci)(ci)(ci)即中庸所(suo)謂素(su)位也(ye)(ye)。素(su)位者(zhe)無(wu)(wu)(wu)加于(yu)富貴。無(wu)(wu)(wu)減于(yu)貧賤。不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)愿于(yu)其(qi)外。不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)求于(yu)其(qi)他。故(gu)(gu)無(wu)(wu)(wu)可(ke)加減。無(wu)(wu)(wu)用(yong)假借(jie)。此(ci)(ci)(ci)素(su)履(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)義(yi)也(ye)(ye)。甘受和。白受采(cai)。忠(zhong)信(xin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)。可(ke)以(yi)(yi)學禮(li)(li)(li)(li)。亦此(ci)(ci)(ci)意也(ye)(ye)。故(gu)(gu)繪事后(hou)素(su)。素(su)者(zhe)潔(jie)白之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)質。光明之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)始(shi)(shi)基。無(wu)(wu)(wu)往(wang)而(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)宜。故(gu)(gu)言(yan)忠(zhong)信(xin)。行(xing)篤(du)敬(jing)。蠻貊之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)邦行(xing)矣。篤(du)敬(jing)亦誠(cheng)也(ye)(ye)。素(su)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)見也(ye)(ye)。素(su)位而(er)(er)行(xing)。則(ze)(ze)(ze)志(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)屈。心(xin)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)紛。物(wu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)誘(you)。利不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)動。則(ze)(ze)(ze)處危亦安。行(xing)始(shi)(shi)亦平(ping)。故(gu)(gu)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)往(wang)無(wu)(wu)(wu)咎(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)。蓋有(you)(you)(you)忠(zhong)信(xin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)質。篤(du)敬(jing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)始(shi)(shi)行(xing)。則(ze)(ze)(ze)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)習禮(li)(li)(li)(li)。已(yi)(yi)精(jing)于(yu)禮(li)(li)(li)(li)。不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)知(zhi)止。已(yi)(yi)有(you)(you)(you)止。不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)善(shan)(shan)行(xing)。已(yi)(yi)克行(xing)。其(qi)先(xian)已(yi)(yi)備(bei)。禮(li)(li)(li)(li)其(qi)末矣。道(dao)者(zhe)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)必禮(li)(li)(li)(li)。德(de)者(zhe)已(yi)(yi)賅禮(li)(li)(li)(li)。此(ci)(ci)(ci)素(su)履(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)至(zhi)(zhi)履(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)也(ye)(ye)。更何咎(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)乎(hu)(hu)。不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)與(yu)于(yu)外。不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)搖其(qi)中。則(ze)(ze)(ze)物(wu)格而(er)(er)知(zhi)至(zhi)(zhi)矣。誠(cheng)則(ze)(ze)(ze)明。明則(ze)(ze)(ze)誠(cheng)。能定靜而(er)(er)安慮(lv)。則(ze)(ze)(ze)無(wu)(wu)(wu)物(wu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得。能明著(zhu)而(er)(er)光大。則(ze)(ze)(ze)無(wu)(wu)(wu)事不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)達。此(ci)(ci)(ci)素(su)履(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)無(wu)(wu)(wu)咎(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)。言(yan)無(wu)(wu)(wu)咎(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)可(ke)與(yu)矣。不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)惡胡善(shan)(shan)。不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)害胡利。素(su)履(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)者(zhe)超乎(hu)(hu)善(shan)(shan)惡之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)途。出乎(hu)(hu)利害之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)門。心(xin)志(zhi)(zhi)常(chang)存。形神永一。守(shou)中不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)失。用(yong)極不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)違。而(er)(er)常(chang)湛然(ran)凝然(ran)。尊(zun)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)高(gao)。卑不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)下。貴不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)榮。賤不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)辱(ru)(ru)。既無(wu)(wu)(wu)尊(zun)卑賁賤之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)存心(xin)。安有(you)(you)(you)高(gao)下榮辱(ru)(ru)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)涉(she)于(yu)身哉。故(gu)(gu)素(su)履(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)者(zhe)、履(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)志(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)。禮(li)(li)(li)(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)也(ye)(ye)。蔑以(yi)(yi)過矣。古圣人(ren)禮(li)(li)(li)(li)制(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)先(xian)。而(er)(er)道(dao)德(de)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)至(zhi)(zhi)。人(ren)所(suo)由也(ye)(ye)。此(ci)(ci)(ci)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)兌(dui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下爻。純(chun)體乾元(yuan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)德(de)者(zhe)也(ye)(ye)。
夫素(su)履(lv)無咎者。非徒對外行言。蓋本于至誠(cheng)。發乎至情。乃中和之德也(ye)。在中庸首(shou)章。及大學誠(cheng)意章所述各節(jie)。均為此行所關。一(yi)言以蔽(bi)之。誠(cheng)也(ye)。而必(bi)始于慎獨。戒懼(ju)以自警。毋欺以自信。此致誠(cheng)工夫。故于不睹不聞(wen)之時(shi)。尤當有克敬克恭之實。上不怍于天神。俯不愧于衾影(ying)。以時(shi)省察。以立其誠(cheng)。而后保其天性(xing)光明。成(cheng)其乾元(yuan)剛健。此素(su)履(lv)之行。非易言也(ye)。
象曰素履(lv)之往獨行愿也(ye)
此申釋(shi)爻辭之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)義也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。言(yan)其(qi)由于(yu)戒慎。出(chu)于(yu)省察。而(er)(er)后(hou)忠(zhong)信永孚。篤敬自(zi)若。故(gu)(gu)曰獨(du)(du)行(xing)(xing)(xing)愿(yuan)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。獨(du)(du)行(xing)(xing)(xing)自(zi)信。則對(dui)物有方。于(yu)外(wai)無(wu)(wu)愿(yuan)。則勉(mian)己(ji)必篤。故(gu)(gu)獨(du)(du)行(xing)(xing)(xing)自(zi)愿(yuan)。實(shi)素(su)履(lv)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)(dao)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。且(qie)愿(yuan)者(zhe)。求也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。望也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。欲也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。不(bu)(bu)愿(yuan)乎(hu)外(wai)。即無(wu)(wu)求無(wu)(wu)欲之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意。所(suo)(suo)愿(yuan)在(zai)己(ji)、故(gu)(gu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。此即克己(ji)復禮之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)義。以(yi)(yi)己(ji)所(suo)(suo)欲者(zhe)。保其(qi)本(ben)始(shi)。已(yi)所(suo)(suo)求者(zhe)。返其(qi)本(ben)始(shi)。此道(dao)(dao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)有修也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。又愿(yuan)字古通原(yuan)。亦(yi)通愿(yuan)。原(yuan)本(ben)始(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。愿(yuan)誠愨(que)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。獨(du)(du)行(xing)(xing)(xing)以(yi)(yi)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)于(yu)本(ben)始(shi)。為道(dao)(dao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)凝。獨(du)(du)行(xing)(xing)(xing)以(yi)(yi)推其(qi)誠愨(que)為德之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。亦(yi)即忠(zhong)信之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)謂(wei)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。中和之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)謂(wei)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。蓋有行(xing)(xing)(xing)而(er)(er)無(wu)(wu)待(dai)于(yu)外(wai)。則所(suo)(suo)志者(zhe)。成(cheng)己(ji)而(er)(er)已(yi)。成(cheng)己(ji)者(zhe)。必成(cheng)物。則所(suo)(suo)志者(zhe)。明(ming)德達道(dao)(dao)而(er)(er)已(yi)。此素(su)履(lv)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)貴也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)不(bu)(bu)干于(yu)物。不(bu)(bu)犯于(yu)人。而(er)(er)能(neng)行(xing)(xing)(xing)無(wu)(wu)所(suo)(suo)阻。止(zhi)有所(suo)(suo)固(gu)。非修道(dao)(dao)有得者(zhe)不(bu)(bu)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)焉。由禮而(er)(er)超禮之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上(shang)。行(xing)(xing)(xing)禮而(er)(er)化禮之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)域(yu)。此履(lv)初九本(ben)用。乃在(zai)聲色之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)外(wai)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。其(qi)始(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。其(qi)成(cheng)亦(yi)然。其(qi)本(ben)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。其(qi)用亦(yi)然。故(gu)(gu)上(shang)天(tian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)載。無(wu)(wu)聲無(wu)(wu)臭(chou)。至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)禮不(bu)(bu)文。至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)樂不(bu)(bu)聞(wen)。而(er)(er)后(hou)通乎(hu)神明(ming).。達乎(hu)天(tian)人。此成(cheng)道(dao)(dao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。原(yuan)天(tian)命之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)賦也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。故(gu)(gu)禮者(zhe)。人道(dao)(dao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)終(zhong)始(shi)。于(yu)素(su)履(lv)一(yi)節(jie)見(jian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。
九二履(lv)道坦坦幽(you)人貞吉
此履(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)九二爻辭也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。履(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)者(zhe)以(yi)(yi)(yi)踐(jian)履(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)為(wei)(wei)(wei)用。踐(jian)履(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)必以(yi)(yi)(yi)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)。猶(you)人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)必由路也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。在初九本(ben)潛動(dong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)象(xiang)。孚(fu)素(su)履(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)占。言(yan)獨行(xing)(xing)(xing)而(er)(er)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)愿于外。猶(you)自(zi)踱于暗室。而(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)愧于屋漏也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。至(zhi)(zhi)九二則已成行(xing)(xing)(xing)矣。出(chu)必由戶。行(xing)(xing)(xing)必由道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)。故有履(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)象(xiang)。而(er)(er)依(yi)乎乾(qian)(qian)健不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)息之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)。順乎乾(qian)(qian)元中(zhong)正(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)。不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)偏不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)倚。無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)頗無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)阻。本(ben)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)以(yi)(yi)(yi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)。因(yin)位(wei)以(yi)(yi)(yi)立。故有王道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)蕩蕩之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)象(xiang)。中(zhong)位(wei)自(zi)固。前進不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)迷(mi)。進退有常(chang)。行(xing)(xing)(xing)止(zhi)得度。故有王道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)平平之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意。此辭稱(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)坦(tan)(tan)(tan)坦(tan)(tan)(tan)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。坦(tan)(tan)(tan)坦(tan)(tan)(tan)者(zhe)。至(zhi)(zhi)正(zheng)至(zhi)(zhi)大。其(qi)舒其(qi)徐。純乎自(zi)然(ran)。達于至(zhi)(zhi)善。心與(yu)行(xing)(xing)(xing)一。志與(yu)物(wu)諧(xie)(xie)。夷然(ran)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)疑。怡然(ran)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)險(xian)。氣至(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)適。理當(dang)而(er)(er)和(he)。此中(zhong)和(he)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)德也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。君子(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所懷。圣人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所至(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。故坦(tan)(tan)(tan)坦(tan)(tan)(tan)者(zhe)、無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)物(wu)我之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)嫌(xian)。無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)虞(yu)詐之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)感(gan)。悠然(ran)以(yi)(yi)(yi)進。怡悅自(zi)得。不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)獨行(xing)(xing)(xing)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)然(ran)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。立身處(chu)世(shi)。莫不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)如(ru)是。蓋以(yi)(yi)(yi)九二居內卦(gua)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)。得正(zheng)位(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地。以(yi)(yi)(yi)陽行(xing)(xing)(xing)陰。以(yi)(yi)(yi)柔承(cheng)剛(gang)。協諧(xie)(xie)其(qi)德。調理其(qi)事(shi)。能成乾(qian)(qian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)。達履(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)用也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。在九二之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)德。固孚(fu)坦(tan)(tan)(tan)坦(tan)(tan)(tan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)。而(er)(er)內卦(gua)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)位(wei)。適宜貞(zhen)(zhen)靜(jing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)。故其(qi)占為(wei)(wei)(wei)幽(you)(you)人(ren)貞(zhen)(zhen)吉。幽(you)(you)人(ren)僭行(xing)(xing)(xing)野處(chu)。潔己自(zi)好(hao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)士也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。含意不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)昭。深文不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)衒(xuan)。道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)足(zu)(zu)自(zi)充(chong)。德足(zu)(zu)自(zi)育。而(er)(er)言(yan)能為(wei)(wei)(wei)人(ren)法。行(xing)(xing)(xing)能為(wei)(wei)(wei)人(ren)則。足(zu)(zu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)移風易俗。垂(chui)教天下后世(shi)。足(zu)(zu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)和(he)近服遠(yuan)。傳譽家國者(zhe)。則古之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)隱逸(yi)賢哲也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。故克孚(fu)坦(tan)(tan)(tan)坦(tan)(tan)(tan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)占。而(er)(er)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)憂患之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)加(jia)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。以(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)承(cheng)素(su)位(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)。無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)外物(wu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)求。居心坦(tan)(tan)(tan)白。無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)利(li)欲(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)。富貴不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)淫。貧賤(jian)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)辱。威武不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)屈。獨往(wang)獨來。不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)虧其(qi)節。自(zi)樂自(zi)得。不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)慊于中(zhong)。乃稱(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)幽(you)(you)人(ren)。而(er)(er)協乎貞(zhen)(zhen)吉也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。在歸妹九二曰利(li)幽(you)(you)人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)貞(zhen)(zhen)。其(qi)義正(zheng)與(yu)此同。皆(jie)以(yi)(yi)(yi)兌在下也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。皆(jie)取少女之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)貞(zhen)(zhen)潔自(zi)守(shou)。寧靜(jing)以(yi)(yi)(yi)固。克稱(cheng)幽(you)(you)人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)貞(zhen)(zhen)。君子(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)守(shou)己。正(zheng)如(ru)女子(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)守(shou)身。外物(wu)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)干于中(zhong)。私情不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)移其(qi)正(zheng)。故亦(yi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)幽(you)(you)貞(zhen)(zhen)明德。而(er)(er)孚(fu)于吉占也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。
或謂幽人指(zhi)女(nv)言(yan)(yan)亦通。蓋幽者(zhe)對明言(yan)(yan)。以(yi)(yi)九(jiu)二(er)居內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)卦(gua)(gua)中(zhong)位(wei)(wei)。按之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)女(nv)正位(wei)(wei)乎內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)例。則(ze)稱幽人為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)女(nv)固(gu)可。不(bu)(bu)過易象男(nan)女(nv)。乃代(dai)陰(yin)陽(yang)(yang)剛(gang)柔言(yan)(yan)。非(fei)必指(zhi)人也(ye)(ye)。且(qie)男(nan)女(nv)亦以(yi)(yi)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)外分。果在外卦(gua)(gua)。亦屬男(nan)象。家人卦(gua)(gua)一(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)巽。一(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)離。皆女(nv)也(ye)(ye)。而(er)合稱家人。即內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)外之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)位(wei)(wei)。以(yi)(yi)分陰(yin)陽(yang)(yang)剛(gang)柔耳。故易辭不(bu)(bu)曰女(nv)人。而(er)曰幽人。可見(jian)非(fei)專指(zhi)女(nv)也(ye)(ye)。但幽貞(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)德。為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)女(nv)子之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)守。丈夫亦有(you)(you)(you)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。凡貞(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)固(gu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)操。潔靜之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)。皆幽貞(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)也(ye)(ye)。丈夫修(xiu)養不(bu)(bu)可少(shao)者(zhe)。以(yi)(yi)一(yi)(yi)身言(yan)(yan)。自有(you)(you)(you)內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)外。乾坤(kun)四(si)德。亦具內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)外。由外言(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。曰元亨。由內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)言(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。曰利貞(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)。而(er)履卦(gua)(gua)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)用。重在克(ke)己(ji)復禮。尤屬利貞(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)分內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)事。且(qie)下(xia)卦(gua)(gua)兌為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)少(shao)女(nv)。其德比之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)處子。以(yi)(yi)守貞(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)第一(yi)(yi)義(yi)。故九(jiu)二(er)明示幽人貞(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)吉。見(jian)其所示之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)象。為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)先(xian)自慎為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)謹守體(ti)節。以(yi)(yi)持(chi)其中(zhong)。防(fang)閑(xian)物欲。以(yi)(yi)定其內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)。情欲物好。皆陰(yin)類。上有(you)(you)(you)乾剛(gang)以(yi)(yi)鎮之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。剛(gang)健不(bu)(bu)息(xi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道。以(yi)(yi)馴服之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。故見(jian)可欲不(bu)(bu)亂。不(bu)(bu)亂則(ze)寧。寧則(ze)靜。靜則(ze)復性。故要在不(bu)(bu)亂也(ye)(ye)。
象曰幽人貞(zhen)吉中不自亂也(ye)
此(ci)申(shen)釋爻辭(ci)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)義也。言(yan)履(lv)(lv)道(dao)(dao)(dao)坦(tan)坦(tan)。非道(dao)(dao)(dao)路(lu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)平(ping)已也。必中(zhong)心(xin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)坦(tan)然無物(wu)。中(zhong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)自(zi)(zi)亂。而(er)(er)后(hou)(hou)(hou)天(tian)君泰然。而(er)(er)后(hou)(hou)(hou)神志(zhi)凝一而(er)(er)后(hou)(hou)(hou)無畏(wei)無怖。不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)愧不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)怍。而(er)(er)后(hou)(hou)(hou)止(zhi)有(you)所定。行(xing)(xing)(xing)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)踰矩(ju)。而(er)(er)后(hou)(hou)(hou)視聽言(yan)動。莫(mo)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)由(you)禮。而(er)(er)后(hou)(hou)(hou)內成(cheng)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)道(dao)(dao)(dao)。外(wai)明其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)德。此(ci)人(ren)生(sheng)徹始(shi)徹終學問。亦即履(lv)(lv)卦之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大用也。夫心(xin)者(zhe)易動難安。情者(zhe)易偏難正。唯能(neng)(neng)中(zhong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)自(zi)(zi)亂。則喜怒哀樂不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)失其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)和。行(xing)(xing)(xing)止(zhi)出處。不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)睽于(yu)道(dao)(dao)(dao)。此(ci)所謂履(lv)(lv)道(dao)(dao)(dao)坦(tan)坦(tan)。幽(you)人(ren)貞吉者(zhe)也。幽(you)貞二字最要。不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)獨(du)此(ci)爻為(wei)然。全卦之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)用皆然。以能(neng)(neng)幽(you)始(shi)能(neng)(neng)明。能(neng)(neng)利貞。始(shi)能(neng)(neng)元(yuan)亨。人(ren)道(dao)(dao)(dao)自(zi)(zi)己(ji)始(shi)。故(gu)修養為(wei)人(ren)生(sheng)第一事。欲為(wei)大丈(zhang)夫。必先(xian)保(bao)有(you)處子之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)節。欲明德于(yu)天(tian)下(xia)(xia)。必先(xian)礪幽(you)人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)貞。此(ci)履(lv)(lv)道(dao)(dao)(dao)坦(tan)坦(tan)。非易致也。唯其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)無求于(yu)外(wai)。故(gu)能(neng)(neng)行(xing)(xing)(xing)于(yu)天(tian)下(xia)(xia)而(er)(er)無阻。唯其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)無好于(yu)物(wu)。故(gu)能(neng)(neng)成(cheng)人(ren)成(cheng)物(wu)而(er)(er)無盡。此(ci)坦(tan)坦(tan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)(dao)(dao)。發于(yu)坦(tan)坦(tan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)心(xin)也。fo說心(xin)凈(jing)故(gu)眾生(sheng)凈(jing)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)義亦然。人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)欲有(you)禮待(dai)我。必先(xian)能(neng)(neng)以禮自(zi)(zi)待(dai)。人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)欲克育其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)生(sheng)。必先(xian)能(neng)(neng)以道(dao)(dao)(dao)自(zi)(zi)養其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)心(xin)。故(gu)履(lv)(lv)者(zhe)成(cheng)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)畜也。不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)自(zi)(zi)亂者(zhe)。成(cheng)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)治也。中(zhong)者(zhe)天(tian)下(xia)(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大本。大本既立。何(he)行(xing)(xing)(xing)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)宜(yi)何(he)止(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)當(dang)哉。此(ci)履(lv)(lv)道(dao)(dao)(dao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)坦(tan)坦(tan)也。
履(lv)(lv)(lv)卦(gua)全(quan)卦(gua)。皆比于(yu)(yu)人(ren)(ren)所(suo)踐履(lv)(lv)(lv)。既所(suo)謂踏(ta)足(zu)地也。人(ren)(ren)生(sheng)于(yu)(yu)世。必(bi)有(you)(you)與立(li)。無立(li)叫無所(suo)措其(qi)身。故(gu)踐履(lv)(lv)(lv)人(ren)(ren)生(sheng)必(bi)知(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道。亦(yi)即立(li)身行(xing)道所(suo)憑藉之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)。又(you)如人(ren)(ren)足(zu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)有(you)(you)履(lv)(lv)(lv)。用以(yi)(yi)踐地而(er)(er)(er)行(xing)路。非限(xian)于(yu)(yu)其(qi)立(li)而(er)(er)(er)巳。凡(fan)行(xing)止坐臥(wo)。莫不賴焉。故(gu)曰(yue)(yue)人(ren)(ren)生(sheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)履(lv)(lv)(lv)。或曰(yue)(yue)履(lv)(lv)(lv)道。猶言人(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)然。行(xing)者包動(dong)靜出處。凡(fan)有(you)(you)斯身。必(bi)有(you)(you)所(suo)行(xing)。稱(cheng)人(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)為(wei)曰(yue)(yue)行(xing)。以(yi)(yi)其(qi)必(bi)仿于(yu)(yu)德也。故(gu)曰(yue)(yue)德行(xing)。唯履(lv)(lv)(lv)亦(yi)然。以(yi)(yi)其(qi)必(bi)憑于(yu)(yu)道也。故(gu)曰(yue)(yue)道履(lv)(lv)(lv)。道履(lv)(lv)(lv)者、天地人(ren)(ren)物(wu)共行(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道。而(er)(er)(er)無時或離(li)者也。有(you)(you)道以(yi)(yi)為(wei)履(lv)(lv)(lv)。則(ze)行(xing)必(bi)安。止必(bi)固。動(dong)必(bi)有(you)(you)度(du)。靜必(bi)有(you)(you)位(wei)。故(gu)為(wei)定一切之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)本原。范無盡之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)籓籬也。圣人(ren)(ren)師之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)而(er)(er)(er)作禮(li)(li)。禮(li)(li)亦(yi)履(lv)(lv)(lv)也。言動(dong)視聽。出入作息。莫不有(you)(you)禮(li)(li)以(yi)(yi)范之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)定之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。保之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)存之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。故(gu)曰(yue)(yue)有(you)(you)禮(li)(li)則(ze)安。無禮(li)(li)則(ze)危(wei)。人(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)求而(er)(er)(er)惡危(wei)、情也。而(er)(er)(er)情恒使人(ren)(ren)危(wei)。唯有(you)(you)禮(li)(li)以(yi)(yi)節之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。則(ze)安居無慮(lv)。有(you)(you)禮(li)(li)以(yi)(yi)導(dao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。
則通(tong)行(xing)不危(wei)。此(ci)禮(li)為人(ren)行(xing)之(zhi)本(ben)原。而成(cheng)德達道必由之(zhi)門徑也(ye)。易著其(qi)義于(yu)履。圣人(ren)制其(qi)交于(yu)禮(li)。茍求(qiu)其(qi)精。必熟贊禮(li)經。力(li)能知履之(zhi)大用。易教之(zhi)至意也(ye)。
今所講發明履道(dao)(dao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)用。即人道(dao)(dao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)本(ben)。而幽貞二(er)字(zi)。即人生立身處世(shi)根本(ben)工夫。亦(yi)中(zhong)國禮治根本(ben)則(ze)例。大凡以(yi)禮自(zi)治者。人無不(bu)(bu)以(yi)禮報之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。世(shi)道(dao)(dao)險(xian)。非人之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)罪(zui)。己未盡(jin)也。果己心不(bu)(bu)亂(luan)。何愁前(qian)途之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)坦(tan)坦(tan)哉。故中(zhong)不(bu)(bu)自(zi)亂(luan)一(yi)語。一(yi)為養(yang)心之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)(dao)。一(yi)為養(yang)氣之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)(dao)。既孟子所謂不(bu)(bu)動心也。因此一(yi)事(shi)。足以(yi)回氣數。化吉(ji)祥。氣之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所養(yang)。天地(di)不(bu)(bu)違。何況鬼(gui)神。故貞吉(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)占(zhan)。乃自(zi)召之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也。內中(zhong)含(han)有感應之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)理。與道(dao)(dao)fo所說相證。可細讀(du)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。
六(liu)三(san)眇能視跛能履(lv)履(lv)虎尾咥人兇武(wu)人為于大君(jun)
此履(lv)(lv)六三爻(yao)辭也(ye)(ye)。履(lv)(lv)五陽一(yi)陰。陰爻(yao)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)貴。則(ze)(ze)全卦(gua)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)用(yong)。以(yi)(yi)(yi)陰爻(yao)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主。即兌卦(gua)上爻(yao)也(ye)(ye)。在(zai)兌卦(gua)以(yi)(yi)(yi)上爻(yao)獨(du)缺。象人(ren)(ren)張口。或(huo)水決口。皆(jie)有(you)(you)所(suo)闕(que)(que)陷之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意。有(you)(you)闕(que)(que)者(zhe)當(dang)補(bu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。兌補(bu)則(ze)(ze)成乾(qian)(qian)。今履(lv)(lv)以(yi)(yi)(yi)兌承(cheng)乾(qian)(qian)。比諸純乾(qian)(qian)。所(suo)差只此一(yi)爻(yao)。前后皆(jie)陽。此位獨(du)陰。合眾陽以(yi)(yi)(yi)培此一(yi)陰。則(ze)(ze)有(you)(you)補(bu)闕(que)(que)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)象。且(qie)三為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)陽位。陰以(yi)(yi)(yi)乘陽。柔以(yi)(yi)(yi)加剛(gang)。陰貴而(er)少。陽賤而(er)多。多則(ze)(ze)有(you)(you)盈。盈則(ze)(ze)不(bu)弱。截多益寡。平(ping)強濟弱。在(zai)勢(shi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)順(shun)。在(zai)德(de)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)便。順(shun)便之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下。因(yin)用(yong)成宜。則(ze)(ze)補(bu)闕(que)(que)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)功(gong)。情之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)通。理之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)許。眇(miao)也(ye)(ye)跛也(ye)(ye)。人(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)有(you)(you)闕(que)(que)陷者(zhe)。天所(suo)予(yu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)不(bu)足。而(er)時地有(you)(you)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)培滿之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)(dao)。能(neng)視能(neng)履(lv)(lv)。闕(que)(que)者(zhe)不(bu)闕(que)(que)。盈以(yi)(yi)(yi)劑虛。眾以(yi)(yi)(yi)益寡。以(yi)(yi)(yi)其情之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)相愛。意之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)相憐(lian)。故補(bu)闕(que)(que)非(fei)功(gong)也(ye)(ye)。在(zai)履(lv)(lv)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)用(yong)。重于補(bu)闕(que)(que)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)義。為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)時之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)古(gu)。人(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)失(shi)道(dao)(dao)。由履(lv)(lv)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)義。辨民之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)分。定禮之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)制。濟時之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)艱。則(ze)(ze)其效。正(zheng)如使眇(miao)視而(er)跛履(lv)(lv)也(ye)(ye)。眇(miao)且(qie)能(neng)視。況有(you)(you)目乎(hu)。跛且(qie)能(neng)履(lv)(lv)。況有(you)(you)足乎(hu)。由此足見履(lv)(lv)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)(dao)大(da)矣(yi)。禮之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)用(yong)至矣(yi)。然履(lv)(lv)者(zhe)。非(fei)欲去其闕(que)(que)而(er)已(yi)。乃求無闕(que)(que)。非(fei)欲勤其補(bu)而(er)已(yi)。乃期不(bu)補(bu)。蓋(gai)因(yin)兌以(yi)(yi)(yi)復(fu)乾(qian)(qian)。在(zai)此一(yi)間。果(guo)一(yi)蹴幾及。何用(yong)履(lv)(lv)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)。故履(lv)(lv)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)極(ji)也(ye)(ye)。不(bu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)補(bu)闕(que)(que)稱。而(er)其始也(ye)(ye)。則(ze)(ze)不(bu)得不(bu)盡于補(bu)闕(que)(que)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)。有(you)(you)闕(que)(que)則(ze)(ze)履(lv)(lv)用(yong)以(yi)(yi)(yi)顯。克補(bu)則(ze)(ze)履(lv)(lv)道(dao)(dao)以(yi)(yi)(yi)成。此圣人(ren)(ren)設(she)卦(gua)制辭之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)微旨(zhi)也(ye)(ye)。
雖然。在(zai)履卦(gua)全(quan)(quan)體之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)用。固期于(yu)捕闕(que)。亂者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)治之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。危者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)安之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。病者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)愈(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。勞者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)慰之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。不(bu)得所求(qiu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)予(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。不(bu)樂(le)所生者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)撫之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。無(wu)一夫之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)獲。無(wu)一物之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)失所。則履之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)志也。補(bu)(bu)闕(que)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)謂(wei)也。而(er)(er)(er)在(zai)六三(san)爻(yao)。卻(que)異于(yu)是。蓋全(quan)(quan)卦(gua)皆陽(yang)(yang)。此爻(yao)獨陰。全(quan)(quan)卦(gua)皆盈。此爻(yao)獨絀。是全(quan)(quan)卦(gua)為(wei)補(bu)(bu)此爻(yao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)闕(que)。而(er)(er)(er)此爻(yao)恰(qia)屬全(quan)(quan)卦(gua)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所謂(wei)闕(que)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)。既居缺(que)陷之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地(di)。當(dang)損弱之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)時(shi)。則其(qi)占(zhan)辭。正(zheng)與卦(gua)反。故(gu)(gu)雖有(you)眇(miao)視跛履之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)文。卻(que)不(bu)能掩眇(miao)跛之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)闕(que)。雖能履虎尾。卻(que)不(bu)能免咥人之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)兇(xiong)。此與彖(tuan)辭之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)同。及歸妹初(chu)二(er)爻(yao)占(zhan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)類也。蓋三(san)爻(yao)居時(shi)地(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)要(yao)。丁(ding)運會(hui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)艱。側(ce)身以試險(xian)巘。舉足(zu)以涉深陷。有(you)視而(er)(er)(er)不(bu)足(zu)以明(ming)。有(you)履而(er)(er)(er)不(bu)足(zu)以行。而(er)(er)(er)自負為(wei)世希(xi)。以加(jia)于(yu)眾(zhong)。故(gu)(gu)其(qi)兇(xiong)也宜矣(yi)。柔乘剛者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)。在(zai)剛為(wei)福。在(zai)柔為(wei)禍(huo)。陰上(shang)陽(yang)(yang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)。在(zai)陽(yang)(yang)為(wei)屈。在(zai)陰為(wei)逆。六三(san)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)兇(xiong)。其(qi)地(di)位(wei)與爻(yao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)失當(dang)也。在(zai)下者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)。以驕橫(heng)稱亂。在(zai)內(nei)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)。以肆蕩(dang)敗德(de)。故(gu)(gu)有(you)武(wu)(wu)人為(wei)于(yu)大君之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)占(zhan)。言武(wu)(wu)人不(bu)當(dang)主眾(zhong)。而(er)(er)(er)上(shang)僭(jian)于(yu)大君也。不(bu)當(dang)逆命。而(er)(er)(er)擅擬于(yu)大君也。今竟行之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。是其(qi)禍(huo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)將(jiang)大。而(er)(er)(er)敗亂之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)且(qie)至(zhi)也。于(yu)字亦作(zuo)干字。干犯(fan)也。犯(fan)上(shang)作(zuo)亂之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)謂(wei)也。初(chu)則干犯(fan)其(qi)上(shang)。繼(ji)則篡僭(jian)其(qi)位(wei)。故(gu)(gu)辭云(yun)然。夫武(wu)(wu)人者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)。聽(ting)命者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)也。觀于(yu)師卦(gua)辭可(ke)知。且(qie)六三(san)猶居內(nei)卦(gua)。不(bu)得侵九五之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)位(wei)也。今以因時(shi)竊(qie)勢。挾貴傲眾(zhong)。聚(ju)國家(jia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)師旅。為(wei)一人之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)使令。其(qi)禍(huo)亂之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)來。豈獨虎之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)咥人比哉。
在彖辭有曰(yue)。履(lv)帝位(wei)而不疚光明(ming)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。六(liu)三(san)(san)爻(yao)(yao)則(ze)曰(yue)武(wu)人為(wei)于(yu)大君(jun)。其(qi)義(yi)亦反。可(ke)見以(yi)(yi)(yi)剛而用(yong)柔者(zhe)。君(jun)德也(ye)(ye)(ye)。以(yi)(yi)(yi)柔而屈剛者(zhe)。亂臣賊子之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)僭也(ye)(ye)(ye)。大君(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)位(wei)。非(fei)人人能(neng)履(lv)者(zhe)。況粗暴(bao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)武(wu)人乎。六(liu)三(san)(san)爻(yao)(yao)雖貴(gui)。以(yi)(yi)(yi)陰(yin)少而貴(gui)。非(fei)真貴(gui)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。位(wei)既不當。貴(gui)為(wei)偽(wei)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。猶武(wu)人為(wei)君(jun)。非(fei)篡則(ze)竊。皆偽(wei)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。古(gu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)立君(jun)。合天與(yu)人。天予人歸。群眾(zhong)(zhong)悅服。方稱為(wei)君(jun)。非(fei)以(yi)(yi)(yi)力(li)奪。以(yi)(yi)(yi)智取者(zhe)。武(wu)人竊據。假力(li)以(yi)(yi)(yi)迫眾(zhong)(zhong)。因(yin)勢以(yi)(yi)(yi)私己。猶盜匪之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)渠魁(kui)。安望其(qi)治平天下(xia)哉。是(shi)不得以(yi)(yi)(yi)禮成治。不孚于(yu)履(lv)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)光明(ming)。明(ming)矣。雖幸據高位(wei)。偶僭君(jun)號。亦不過如(ru)眇之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)視(shi)。跛之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)履(lv)。逆(ni)命違道(dao)。災禍(huo)必(bi)臻。估勇恃(shi)能(neng)。害殃必(bi)甚(shen)。故六(liu)三(san)(san)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)兇(xiong)。為(wei)逆(ni)所召。與(yu)全(quan)卦(gua)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)順(shun)成吉(ji)者(zhe)懸(xuan)殊。而圣(sheng)人固(gu)知后(hou)世必(bi)有乘(cheng)時竊國之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)武(wu)人。貪利遺害之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)國主。既悖履(lv)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)貞吉(ji)。妄(wang)希(xi)事(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)幸成。故于(yu)爻(yao)(yao)辭明(ming)著其(qi)指。示(shi)其(qi)害。以(yi)(yi)(yi)為(wei)天下(xia)后(hou)世戒。奈(nai)何天下(xia)后(hou)世之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人猶忽(hu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。夫六(liu)三(san)(san)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)象。乃全(quan)卦(gua)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)隙。以(yi)(yi)(yi)此而后(hou)見全(quan)卦(gua)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)用(yong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。
象曰眇能視不足以有(you)明也跛能履不足以與行也咥人之(zhi)兇位不當也武(wu)人為于(yu)大君志剛也
此申釋爻(yao)(yao)辭(ci)之(zhi)(zhi)義(yi)。仍本(ben)(ben)缺陷不(bu)全之(zhi)(zhi)意。而(er)(er)戒(jie)陰(yin)柔自傲之(zhi)(zhi)行。且(qie)以(yi)(yi)對(dui)證彖辭(ci)。示一爻(yao)(yao)之(zhi)(zhi)異于全體。所謂志(zhi)剛(gang)(gang)者(zhe)。言以(yi)(yi)柔求剛(gang)(gang)。而(er)(er)忘其分。故為(wei)非分之(zhi)(zhi)干也。六(liu)三(san)陰(yin)以(yi)(yi)成陽。則為(wei)道。若反以(yi)(yi)乘陽。則為(wei)逆(ni)。柔以(yi)(yi)弼剛(gang)(gang)。則為(wei)治。若反以(yi)(yi)脅(xie)剛(gang)(gang)。則為(wei)亂。蓋縱情者(zhe)。必傾其中。逐(zhu)物(wu)(wu)者(zhe)。必殃其外。有德則禮(li)治以(yi)(yi)成。悖道則害(hai)殃以(yi)(yi)啟。吉(ji)兇(xiong)之(zhi)(zhi)辨。在乎克己與(yu)否。三(san)爻(yao)(yao)為(wei)人爻(yao)(yao)之(zhi)(zhi)始。人事所重(zhong)。本(ben)(ben)乾(qian)九三(san)乾(qian)惕之(zhi)(zhi)訓(xun)。自無咥人亂位(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)兇(xiong)。是在讀者(zhe)明(ming)易教之(zhi)(zhi)深意。知(zhi)民志(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)宜(yi)定。察履(lv)(lv)卦(gua)(gua)之(zhi)(zhi)辭(ci)。悉(xi)禮(li)制之(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)可緩(huan)耳。虎本(ben)(ben)暴物(wu)(wu)。履(lv)(lv)其尾本(ben)(ben)險行。而(er)(er)或(huo)(huo)亨或(huo)(huo)兇(xiong)。帝(di)位(wei)本(ben)(ben)尊(zun)。履(lv)(lv)位(wei)本(ben)(ben)光明(ming)。而(er)(er)或(huo)(huo)不(bu)疚(jiu)或(huo)(huo)干亂。個(ge)中分辨。要(yao)在細(xi)繹全卦(gua)(gua)之(zhi)(zhi)辭(ci)、而(er)(er)后得之(zhi)(zhi)。
履卦(gua)(gua)(gua)與歸妹(mei)相似(si)。以(yi)(yi)履為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)乾(qian)兌(dui)。歸妹(mei)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)震兌(dui)。而(er)巽(xun)兌(dui)中(zhong)孚(fu)(fu)亦近。皆(jie)取兌(dui)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)內卦(gua)(gua)(gua)用也。在(zai)履內卦(gua)(gua)(gua)三爻(yao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)辭。與歸妹(mei)幾同。尤可(ke)見(jian)二卦(gua)(gua)(gua)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)用雖殊。而(er)有(you)相通處。唯(wei)履為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)乾(qian)合(he)兌(dui)。兌(dui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上(shang)爻(yao)。一變即乾(qian)。故(gu)反(fan)履為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)夬(guai)，則(ze)差乾(qian)一間耳。夬(guai)者(zhe)缺也。快也。決(jue)也。由上(shang)而(er)下(xia)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)決(jue)。由下(xia)而(er)上(shang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)快。就(jiu)本(ben)位言為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)缺。以(yi)(yi)所(suo)缺者(zhe)此(ci)(ci)上(shang)爻(yao)。而(er)自己以(yi)(yi)復則(ze)快達(da)。自己以(yi)(yi)往則(ze)決(jue)絕。視其(qi)所(suo)行如(ru)何耳。履則(ze)與夬(guai)相異。則(ze)由乾(qian)以(yi)(yi)孚(fu)(fu)兌(dui)。兌(dui)以(yi)(yi)承乾(qian)。雖缺而(er)在(zai)中(zhong)。雖行而(er)不(bu)似(si)夬(guai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上(shang)下(xia)達(da)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)遠。其(qi)氣易(yi)交。其(qi)道(dao)易(yi)至。其(qi)德(de)易(yi)成。此(ci)(ci)名為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)履。此(ci)(ci)人之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)踐。不(bu)蹈于盧。不(bu)離于疏遠。不(bu)乖于契(qi)合(he)。循序以(yi)(yi)進。堅守以(yi)(yi)立。而(er)成其(qi)用。大(da)其(qi)道(dao)。弘其(qi)德(de)。致其(qi)功。故(gu)全卦(gua)(gua)(gua)取第三爻(yao)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主位。明剛以(yi)(yi)柔用。陽以(yi)(yi)陰成。上(shang)下(xia)交孚(fu)(fu)。遠近密(mi)接。而(er)有(you)分可(ke)別(bie)。有(you)階可(ke)登(deng)。升降(jiang)自如(ru)。中(zhong)正不(bu)亂也。故(gu)雖似(si)夬(guai)而(er)非夬(guai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)例。近歸妹(mei)而(er)非歸妹(mei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)全。果用之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)而(er)達(da)神明。則(ze)中(zhong)孚(fu)(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)。既由此(ci)(ci)大(da)以(yi)(yi)化之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。此(ci)(ci)履之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)致中(zhong)和。在(zai)精修(xiu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)士所(suo)宜留意。推之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)則(ze)同人大(da)有(you)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)政。泰(tai)運之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)世。皆(jie)從(cong)此(ci)(ci)以(yi)(yi)見(jian)意。所(suo)謂內圣(sheng)外王之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)。莫不(bu)基乎履。故(gu)傳稱為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)德(de)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)和也。
九四履虎尾愬愬終吉
此(ci)履(lv)九四(si)爻(yao)辭(ci)也(ye)。在(zai)履(lv)卦彖辭(ci)。已明示履(lv)虎(hu)(hu)尾之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)義(yi)。九四(si)居上卦之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)始(shi)。為(wei)乾(qian)(qian)(qian)剛(gang)(gang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)初。下接(jie)六(liu)三(san)。陰柔陽(yang)剛(gang)(gang)。兩不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)調協。比(bi)于(yu)(yu)九二(er)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)德(de)益健。其(qi)(qi)(qi)遇(yu)多懼。而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)乾(qian)(qian)(qian)行(xing)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)息(xi)。在(zai)于(yu)(yu)兢(jing)兢(jing)自慎。朝乾(qian)(qian)(qian)夕惕。以孚(fu)陽(yang)剛(gang)(gang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道。故爻(yao)辭(ci)亦以履(lv)虎(hu)(hu)尾為(wei)喻。而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)以愬(su)(su)愬(su)(su)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)態(tai)。終趨于(yu)(yu)吉(ji)。蓋本履(lv)險(xian)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)危之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)義(yi)。而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)成乘(cheng)剛(gang)(gang)自全之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)占也(ye)。夫愬(su)(su)愬(su)(su)者(zhe)。自訊而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)無(wu)愧。內(nei)省而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)疚之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)狀(zhuang)也(ye)。愬(su)(su)者(zhe)口問(wen)于(yu)(yu)心。行(xing)副其(qi)(qi)(qi)誠之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)謂(wei)。凡人(ren)有(you)(you)(you)屈抑不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)伸。冤(yuan)苦莫白者(zhe)。則(ze)愬(su)(su)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)于(yu)(yu)人(ren)或天(tian)。必其(qi)(qi)(qi)心中不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)作。行(xing)事(shi)無(wu)欺。始(shi)堪用愬(su)(su)。茍情虛而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)德(de)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)實。志慊而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)意未(wei)誠。則(ze)愬(su)(su)者(zhe)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)見聽矣。是不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)孚(fu)于(yu)(yu)愬(su)(su)。今(jin)爻(yao)辭(ci)取愬(su)(su)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)義(yi)。正以其(qi)(qi)(qi)內(nei)至誠。而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)外明德(de)。雖險(xian)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)為(wei)災。危不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)動志。則(ze)愬(su)(su)愬(su)(su)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)狀(zhuang)。以其(qi)(qi)(qi)本潔白之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)。循篤(du)實之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)途。有(you)(you)(you)如人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)有(you)(you)(you)所愬(su)(su)然(ran)。而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)中心自平。遇(yu)物不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)懾(she)。言行(xing)自信。接(jie)人(ren)無(wu)虞(yu)。以剛(gang)(gang)健不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)息(xi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乾(qian)(qian)(qian)。而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)合悅澤(ze)有(you)(you)(you)言之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)兌。介其(qi)(qi)(qi)閑而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)休休有(you)(you)(you)容。行(xing)其(qi)(qi)(qi)位而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)昭昭不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)昧。則(ze)其(qi)(qi)(qi)德(de)可(ke)(ke)大。其(qi)(qi)(qi)業可(ke)(ke)久。以虎(hu)(hu)尾之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)履(lv)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)終吉(ji)也(ye)。且愬(su)(su)愬(su)(su)者(zhe)。有(you)(you)(you)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能自已之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)狀(zhuang)。終吉(ji)者(zhe)。有(you)(you)(you)幾涉于(yu)(yu)險(xian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意。以九四(si)處卦中爻(yao)。介于(yu)(yu)上下。陽(yang)升陰降。不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)克自逸。退則(ze)涉于(yu)(yu)險(xian)兇。而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)為(wei)六(liu)三(san)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)占。進(jin)則(ze)即于(yu)(yu)貞厲。而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)孚(fu)九五之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道。故在(zai)爻(yao)辭(ci)以行(xing)為(wei)勉。以慎為(wei)勖。愬(su)(su)愬(su)(su)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)失。則(ze)誠可(ke)(ke)格(ge)天(tian)。終吉(ji)永孚(fu)。則(ze)德(de)可(ke)(ke)化險(xian)。雖同一虎(hu)(hu)尾。而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)履(lv)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)或兇或否也(ye)。
象曰愬愬終吉志行也
此申釋爻辭之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)義也(ye)。言(yan)九(jiu)四(si)(si)(si)居位在能(neng)(neng)篤實(shi)。以(yi)(yi)(yi)自(zi)進(jin)于光(guang)明(ming)(ming)。即彖(tuan)辭履(lv)(lv)帝位而(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)疚光(guang)明(ming)(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意。蓋全卦之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)用(yong)(yong)。在以(yi)(yi)(yi)兌之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)悅。成乾(qian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)剛。九(jiu)四(si)(si)(si)始交乾(qian)。乃履(lv)(lv)帝位之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)初。而(er)(er)愬愬終吉。以(yi)(yi)(yi)能(neng)(neng)不(bu)(bu)(bu)疚。而(er)(er)漸進(jin)光(guang)明(ming)(ming)。故(gu)志于行(xing)。此行(xing)字含二義。一(yi)則身進(jin)而(er)(er)榮(rong)顯(xian)。以(yi)(yi)(yi)履(lv)(lv)高位。孚天之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)。一(yi)則德(de)溥而(er)(er)化行(xing)。以(yi)(yi)(yi)成光(guang)明(ming)(ming)。孚天之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)。天道(dao)不(bu)(bu)(bu)言(yan)而(er)(er)品物(wu)亨。天行(xing)健而(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)息。皆乾(qian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)象也(ye)。履(lv)(lv)以(yi)(yi)(yi)兌之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)柔(rou)。乘乾(qian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)剛。剛柔(rou)相濟。以(yi)(yi)(yi)成大用(yong)(yong)。乃圣(sheng)人(ren)體天之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)。承天之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)命。為(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)君(jun)師。以(yi)(yi)(yi)治(zhi)下民。而(er)(er)制(zhi)禮度。以(yi)(yi)(yi)繩(sheng)兆(zhao)姓。此全卦取義。以(yi)(yi)(yi)柔(rou)用(yong)(yong)剛。以(yi)(yi)(yi)陰成陽(yang)。雖(sui)喻于履(lv)(lv)虎尾(wei)。而(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)犯其(qi)(qi)咥人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)兇。比之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)圣(sheng)人(ren)以(yi)(yi)(yi)禮制(zhi)民。而(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)干民之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)怒。以(yi)(yi)(yi)德(de)服眾。而(er)(er)能(neng)(neng)保其(qi)(qi)尊嚴。占者得之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)澄清(qing)宇內。統一(yi)天下之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)象。而(er)(er)其(qi)(qi)始基。則在九(jiu)四(si)(si)(si)。以(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)進(jin)于九(jiu)五近矣。故(gu)志行(xing)。言(yan)不(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)自(zi)止。以(yi)(yi)(yi)失其(qi)(qi)機也(ye)。后(hou)人(ren)釋愬愬為(wei)(wei)(wei)恐懼(ju)。僅得其(qi)(qi)一(yi)義。蓋愬愬處恐懼(ju)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)時。有坦(tan)然之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)志。居恐懼(ju)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地(di)。有進(jin)取之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)心(xin)。乃能(neng)(neng)休休自(zi)得。昭昭自(zi)遠。不(bu)(bu)(bu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)物(wu)蔽。不(bu)(bu)(bu)患情拘。故(gu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)九(jiu)四(si)(si)(si)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)剛而(er)(er)啟(qi)光(guang)明(ming)(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)。本六三之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)險。而(er)(er)勉上達之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)功(gong)也(ye)。
九五夬履貞厲
此(ci)(ci)履(lv)(lv)(lv)九(jiu)五爻(yao)辭也(ye)(ye)。九(jiu)五為全(quan)卦最全(quan)之用(yong)。亦(yi)成(cheng)(cheng)德(de)達道(dao)之地也(ye)(ye)。夬履(lv)(lv)(lv)者(zhe)、上(shang)達而幾及于(yu)(yu)履(lv)(lv)(lv)也(ye)(ye)。履(lv)(lv)(lv)之上(shang)下、互(hu)易為夬。夬距乾差一間。今日(ri)夬履(lv)(lv)(lv)。言九(jiu)五爻(yao)之于(yu)(yu)履(lv)(lv)(lv)。正如夬之于(yu)(yu)乾。又(you)夬者(zhe)、快也(ye)(ye)決(jue)也(ye)(ye)。言至此(ci)(ci)。已(yi)(yi)快然自得。決(jue)然自任(ren)。更無猶疑(yi)遲顧之虞。亦(yi)無慊焉不(bu)(bu)足(zu)之感。履(lv)(lv)(lv)之用(yong)至九(jiu)五。已(yi)(yi)達于(yu)(yu)至善。故(gu)(gu)曰夬履(lv)(lv)(lv)。唯事之極者(zhe)易變。滿者(zhe)易傾(qing)。快則易矢于(yu)(yu)驕。決(jue)則易失(shi)(shi)于(yu)(yu)愎(bi)。九(jiu)五遇剛。又(you)陽位(wei)獨居。陽則易亢(kang)。剛則易缺(que)。故(gu)(gu)以(yi)夬缺(que)之義(yi)。而警其(qi)持盈保(bao)泰之宜有(you)道(dao)也(ye)(ye)。其(qi)道(dao)維何。曰貞厲(li)。貞以(yi)自抑。而就(jiu)卑謙。厲(li)以(yi)自勉。而益卓勁。蓋本乾惕之訓(xun)。而成(cheng)(cheng)行(xing)健不(bu)(bu)息之德(de)也(ye)(ye)。貞則戒懼。不(bu)(bu)失(shi)(shi)其(qi)守。厲(li)則越。不(bu)(bu)乖(guai)其(qi)次(ci)。故(gu)(gu)能(neng)永保(bao)祿位(wei)。克(ke)孚(fu)明德(de)之稱。長享元(yuan)亨。克(ke)達泰平之治。此(ci)(ci)九(jiu)五爻(yao)之占。乃圣治之成(cheng)(cheng)也(ye)(ye)。
在履(lv)(lv)卦九五爻。與乾九五亦(yi)近(jin)似。皆(jie)為(wei)(wei)乘龍(long)履(lv)(lv)帝(di)位(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)象(xiang)。其不(bu)(bu)同者(zhe)。乾上下純剛(gang)。履(lv)(lv)上剛(gang)下柔(rou)。故德不(bu)(bu)同。而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)致用以(yi)(yi)異(yi)。由(you)天(tian)道言(yan)。剛(gang)宜柔(rou)用。陽宜陰(yin)用。由(you)人事言(yan)，尊以(yi)(yi)卑重。高以(yi)(yi)下重。在乾上九為(wei)(wei)亢龍(long)有悔。以(yi)(yi)其貴而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)無位(wei)。高而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)無民。居危而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)能自保(bao)。處尊而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)能得眾(zhong)。故履(lv)(lv)九五以(yi)(yi)得正位(wei)。而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)志在貞(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)厲(li)。以(yi)(yi)履(lv)(lv)尊位(wei)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)自卑。居高地而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)自下。以(yi)(yi)得民心。而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)保(bao)國家。此(ci)天(tian)道人事理之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)自然。非圣人故為(wei)(wei)謙(qian)虛也(ye)(ye)。況履(lv)(lv)志自立。而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)禮(li)本自謙(qian)。和(he)眾(zhong)必(bi)以(yi)(yi)德。成(cheng)治必(bi)以(yi)(yi)誠。故貞(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)厲(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)。為(wei)(wei)在上位(wei)者(zhe)所(suo)必(bi)知非獨履(lv)(lv)帝(di)位(wei)也(ye)(ye)。即富(fu)貴之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人。何求不(bu)(bu)得。何欲(yu)不(bu)(bu)遂。茍(gou)無貞(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)厲(li)德。則(ze)(ze)為(wei)(wei)物(wu)所(suo)役。為(wei)(wei)情所(suo)蔽。必(bi)至(zhi)身毀名裂。以(yi)(yi)蹈于禍。此(ci)貞(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)厲(li)為(wei)(wei)成(cheng)全人生之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道。亦(yi)即成(cheng)其畜(chu)也(ye)(ye)。故處位(wei)正當不(bu)(bu)易(yi)。必(bi)有正當之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)。而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)后(hou)保(bao)其位(wei)。履(lv)(lv)地尊嚴(yan)不(bu)(bu)易(yi)。必(bi)有尊嚴(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道。而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)后(hou)保(bao)其地。貞(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)厲(li)者(zhe)、所(suo)以(yi)(yi)保(bao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道與行(xing)也(ye)(ye)。禮(li)者(zhe)、所(suo)以(yi)(yi)行(xing)夫貞(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)厲(li)者(zhe)也(ye)(ye)。唯自貞(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)則(ze)(ze)不(bu)(bu)濡其志。自厲(li)則(ze)(ze)不(bu)(bu)溺于欲(yu)。此(ci)履(lv)(lv)全卦之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)以(yi)(yi)成(cheng)用也(ye)(ye)。
象日夬履(lv)貞厲位正(zheng)當也
此申釋爻(yao)辭之(zhi)(zhi)義也(ye)(ye)。言既有其(qi)位。復有其(qi)道與行。謂之(zhi)(zhi)正當(dang)(dang)。誰曰(yue)不然。故履(lv)(lv)之(zhi)(zhi)成(cheng)用(yong)(yong)(yong)在(zai)禮治。而(er)禮樂之(zhi)(zhi)制(zhi)。必(bi)以(yi)(yi)其(qi)位與德(de)。中庸已釋之(zhi)(zhi)矣(yi)。故位正當(dang)(dang)一語(yu)。所關至重大(da)。非如(ru)此不足以(yi)(yi)語(yu)于履(lv)(lv)。不足以(yi)(yi)辨(bian)上下定民(min)志(zhi)也(ye)(ye)。有位有德(de)。而(er)后至焉。此履(lv)(lv)帝位而(er)不疚光(guang)明(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)謂也(ye)(ye)。雖有夬履(lv)(lv)之(zhi)(zhi)辭。寶重在(zai)貞(zhen)厲之(zhi)(zhi)義。乾(qian)之(zhi)(zhi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)以(yi)(yi)坤(kun)成(cheng)故也(ye)(ye)。夬者(zhe)、由坤(kun)復乾(qian)之(zhi)(zhi)階。而(er)上爻(yao)一陰。即坤(kun)之(zhi)(zhi)德(de)所見。履(lv)(lv)之(zhi)(zhi)主用(yong)(yong)(yong)在(zai)六三爻(yao)。三五(wu)同(tong)功異用(yong)(yong)(yong)。一陽(yang)一陰恰相(xiang)得。故尤為正當(dang)(dang)。而(er)處(chu)其(qi)位者(zhe)。固不容不自貞(zhen)厲也(ye)(ye)。
上九視履考祥其旋元吉
此(ci)(ci)履(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)上(shang)(shang)九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)爻辭。言(yan)本爻之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)德用(yong)。亦全卦之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)終義也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。履(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)天(tian)地(di)(di)間一切所(suo)履(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)唯人物(wu)遵循之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)(dao)(dao)。凡天(tian)地(di)(di)日月。山(shan)河草(cao)木。有(you)(you)動有(you)(you)靜。有(you)(you)生(sheng)有(you)(you)化(hua)(hua)(hua)。有(you)(you)分合(he)遷變。有(you)(you)升降(jiang)往(wang)(wang)來者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)。莫(mo)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)有(you)(you)所(suo)履(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)。無(wu)(wu)履(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)則(ze)亂(luan)。亂(luan)則(ze)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)復共(gong)存(cun)共(gong)育。故(gu)履(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)道(dao)(dao)(dao)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。道(dao)(dao)(dao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)行(xing)(xing)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。如車之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)有(you)(you)軌。室(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)有(you)(you)門(men)。皆有(you)(you)定(ding)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。出入必(bi)(bi)(bi)由(you)。往(wang)(wang)復必(bi)(bi)(bi)經(jing)。不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)踰越。不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)造(zao)次。亦非(fei)有(you)(you)為之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)限也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。非(fei)有(you)(you)驅之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)使然。迫之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)使就也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。故(gu)比諸人之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)履(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)動止提攜自如。而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得棄之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)顧。其(qi)(qi)(qi)用(yong)既(ji)有(you)(you)定(ding)。則(ze)其(qi)(qi)(qi)為道(dao)(dao)(dao)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)一。其(qi)(qi)(qi)德既(ji)同(tong)(tong)載(zai)。則(ze)其(qi)(qi)(qi)為功也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)大。一則(ze)通(tong)于(yu)(yu)一切。而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)無(wu)(wu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)適。大則(ze)包于(yu)(yu)一切。而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)無(wu)(wu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)宜(yi)。蓋上(shang)(shang)下同(tong)(tong)行(xing)(xing)。生(sheng)化(hua)(hua)(hua)一致。精粗共(gong)聚。久卒齊(qi)途(tu)。造(zao)化(hua)(hua)(hua)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)門(men)。真(zhen)元之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)府。萬一之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)匯(hui)。形(xing)神之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)同(tong)(tong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。故(gu)有(you)(you)始(shi)有(you)(you)終。有(you)(you)往(wang)(wang)有(you)(you)復。而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)一以(yi)(yi)納(na)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)于(yu)(yu)履(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)。上(shang)(shang)九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)履(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。納(na)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)盡(jin)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。所(suo)賅者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)眾(zhong)。所(suo)指者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)寡(gua)矣。而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)為軌不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)二。為門(men)無(wu)(wu)歧。出入之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。視夫(fu)所(suo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。往(wang)(wang)復之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。視夫(fu)所(suo)至。故(gu)曰(yue)視履(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)。言(yan)履(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)有(you)(you)定(ding)。而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)行(xing)(xing)無(wu)(wu)窮。視所(suo)行(xing)(xing)以(yi)(yi)決其(qi)(qi)(qi)履(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)。或履(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)上(shang)(shang)。則(ze)通(tong)乎(hu)道(dao)(dao)(dao)。或履(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)下。則(ze)達乎(hu)器。其(qi)(qi)(qi)履(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)自一。其(qi)(qi)(qi)至萬殊。此(ci)(ci)即履(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)以(yi)(yi)為履(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)。而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)上(shang)(shang)九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)視履(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)有(you)(you)由(you)來也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。卦以(yi)(yi)兌(dui)承乾(qian)。上(shang)(shang)九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)卦之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。亦乾(qian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)終也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)則(ze)無(wu)(wu)可(ke)(ke)再進。終則(ze)無(wu)(wu)可(ke)(ke)再續。而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)道(dao)(dao)(dao)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)無(wu)(wu)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。履(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)終而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)無(wu)(wu)終。蓋終極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)。生(sheng)化(hua)(hua)(hua)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)端。無(wu)(wu)終極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)道(dao)(dao)(dao)德之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)載(zai)。故(gu)天(tian)地(di)(di)長壽。神氣永存(cun)。此(ci)(ci)所(suo)謂(wei)考祥(xiang)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。考者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)。壽無(wu)(wu)盡(jin)期(qi)。祥(xiang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)。福(fu)無(wu)(wu)盡(jin)量。以(yi)(yi)視所(suo)履(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)。而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)上(shang)(shang)達者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)則(ze)其(qi)(qi)(qi)所(suo)成。同(tong)(tong)乎(hu)行(xing)(xing)健(jian)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)息(xi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)(dao)(dao)。而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)無(wu)(wu)終極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)矣。若所(suo)履(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)及此(ci)(ci)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)。則(ze)終必(bi)(bi)(bi)有(you)(you)始(shi)。極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)必(bi)(bi)(bi)有(you)(you)變。序盡(jin)則(ze)轉(zhuan)。數(shu)至則(ze)回。物(wu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)生(sheng)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)。期(qi)盡(jin)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)化(hua)(hua)(hua)。道(dao)(dao)(dao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流(liu)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)。途(tu)窮而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)改。此(ci)(ci)往(wang)(wang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)必(bi)(bi)(bi)復。去者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)必(bi)(bi)(bi)歸。無(wu)(wu)一息(xi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)可(ke)(ke)停。無(wu)(wu)一物(wu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)變。此(ci)(ci)循環(huan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)數(shu)。亦造(zao)化(hua)(hua)(hua)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)機。寒暑(shu)周而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)歲遷。南(nan)北回而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)地(di)(di)轉(zhuan)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)要(yao)在于(yu)(yu)環(huan)行(xing)(xing)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)絕。輪(lun)回不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)斷。故(gu)爻辭之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)旋。旋者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)循環(huan)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。輪(lun)回也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。有(you)(you)期(qi)以(yi)(yi)定(ding)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)期(qi)古通(tong)用(yong)。言(yan)至期(qi)則(ze)旋也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。然對考祥(xiang)言(yan)。亦可(ke)(ke)作指名(ming)詞。謂(wei)其(qi)(qi)(qi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能長生(sheng)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)。則(ze)屬(shu)于(yu)(yu)輪(lun)回耳(er)。輪(lun)回者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)數(shu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。數(shu)有(you)(you)吉兇。視其(qi)(qi)(qi)所(suo)履(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)。如履(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)遵道(dao)(dao)(dao)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)失。順(shun)天(tian)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)違。則(ze)純乎(hu)物(wu)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)變。數(shu)盡(jin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)。亦孚元吉之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)占。蓋依(yi)乾(qian)陽大生(sheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)德。而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)體(ti)乾(qian)元永亨之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)用(yong)。故(gu)曰(yue)元吉。乾(qian)元所(suo)至。吉利(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)孚也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。
又(you)上(shang)九爻。以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)陽(yang)剛(gang)(gang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)極。居(ju)卦位之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)終(zhong)。剛(gang)(gang)極易折(zhe)。陽(yang)極易亢。以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)中(zhong)(zhong)道(dao)(dao)(dao)言之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。宜節(jie)其(qi)太(tai)過。制(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)合(he)度。故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)有視(shi)履(lv)(lv)其(qi)旋(xuan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)語。視(shi)其(qi)所(suo)(suo)宜。而(er)(er)定其(qi)履(lv)(lv)。因其(qi)所(suo)(suo)折(zhe)。而(er)(er)勉以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)規炬。則剛(gang)(gang)能(neng)柔用(yong)。陽(yang)能(neng)潛沉。以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)孚(fu)于(yu)九五(wu)貞厲之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)門。而(er)(er)戒于(yu)六三兇咥之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)訓。則上(shang)九極而(er)(er)不害。過而(er)(er)還(huan)(huan)中(zhong)(zhong)。旋(xuan)亦還(huan)(huan)也(ye)(ye)。乃孚(fu)祥吉之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)占。而(er)(er)達視(shi)履(lv)(lv)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)(dao)(dao)。正如圣人(ren)制(zhi)情以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)禮(li)(li)。節(jie)欲以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)道(dao)(dao)(dao)。不過乎物。永(yong)執(zhi)厥中(zhong)(zhong)。即為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)止于(yu)至(zhi)善(shan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)功(gong)(gong)。而(er)(er)克順天(tian)(tian)全性(xing)者也(ye)(ye)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)考祥者。為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)全性(xing)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)全生(sheng)。元吉者。為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)順天(tian)(tian)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)獲佑(you)。天(tian)(tian)理人(ren)事相調無(wu)間(jian)。則成(cheng)德達道(dao)(dao)(dao)不犯于(yu)惡(e)。不干于(yu)禍。其(qi)視(shi)履(lv)(lv)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)義。本諸乾(qian)惕之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)辭。而(er)(er)自(zi)(zi)戒懼。有若十目(mu)所(suo)(suo)視(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)嚴。而(er)(er)遵(zun)非(fei)禮(li)(li)勿視(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)旨也(ye)(ye)歟。故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)上(shang)九一爻。所(suo)(suo)處(chu)位易危(wei)而(er)(er)轉得(de)(de)吉祥。所(suo)(suo)憑勢太(tai)過而(er)(er)反得(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)正者。實基于(yu)乾(qian)元之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)(dao)(dao)。而(er)(er)能(neng)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)乾(qian)上(shang)九之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)亢。自(zi)(zi)行九三乾(qian)惕之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)功(gong)(gong)也(ye)(ye)。乾(qian)元者陽(yang)精之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)見(jian)也(ye)(ye)。其(qi)象光明。故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)能(neng)履(lv)(lv)帝(di)位而(er)(er)不疚(jiu)也(ye)(ye)。誠以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)乾(qian)下接兌。悅澤有容。剛(gang)(gang)柔得(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)。不與其(qi)前進無(wu)止。而(er)(er)求于(yu)自(zi)(zi)反以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)誠。樂善(shan)自(zi)(zi)修。迪吉自(zi)(zi)如。而(er)(er)能(neng)成(cheng)履(lv)(lv)大(da)用(yong)。以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)達乾(qian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)元亨也(ye)(ye)。且上(shang)九為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)全卦之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)終(zhong)。居(ju)易變之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地。反則為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)小畜。進則為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)泰。小畜以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)求養而(er)(er)全生(sheng)。泰以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)順天(tian)(tian)而(er)(er)獲福。皆基于(yu)履(lv)(lv)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)自(zi)(zi)卑自(zi)(zi)克。無(wu)過無(wu)驕。故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)貞為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)利。以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)元為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)亨。先盡在己。而(er)(er)后(hou)及其(qi)人(ren)。先省于(yu)心。而(er)(er)后(hou)推之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物。人(ren)己同成(cheng)。物我交泰。所(suo)(suo)謂(wei)一誠格天(tian)(tian)。至(zhi)善(shan)化物，莫不由于(yu)心志之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)貞勵也(ye)(ye)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)放之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)則為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)明德。為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)大(da)同之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)治。收(shou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)則為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)至(zhi)善(shan)。為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)天(tian)(tian)性(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)功(gong)(gong)。二者一也(ye)(ye)。
象曰(yue)元吉在上大有慶也
此(ci)申釋爻(yao)(yao)辭(ci)(ci)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)義也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。言(yan)卦之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)稱元(yuan)吉(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)者。如坤如泰。如離如大(da)畜。如損益之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)爻(yao)(yao)辭(ci)(ci)。多屬二五當(dang)位。而履獨在(zai)(zai)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)九。故(gu)曰在(zai)(zai)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)。蓋履之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)元(yuan)吉(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。正以(yi)(yi)在(zai)(zai)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)爻(yao)(yao)而得占之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。履者足(zu)所踐(jian)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。下(xia)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。己善(shan)其(qi)下(xia)。天福(fu)(fu)其(qi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)。昭(zhao)德不(bu)二。凝道(dao)以(yi)(yi)升。止善(shan)不(bu)違。全(quan)生(sheng)以(yi)(yi)復。在(zai)(zai)復初九。以(yi)(yi)元(yuan)吉(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)稱。正此(ci)義也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。人(ren)(ren)能克(ke)己復禮(li)(li)者。天必(bi)予(yu)以(yi)(yi)福(fu)(fu)。元(yuan)吉(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)在(zai)(zai)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)猶(you)云福(fu)(fu)自天申也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。元(yuan)者乾(qian)元(yuan)。天之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)氣也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。凡稱元(yuan)吉(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。皆(jie)天所予(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)吉(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。言(yan)自然(ran)大(da)吉(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。無不(bu)吉(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。大(da)有(you)(you)(you)慶(qing)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。天且佑之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。其(qi)慶(qing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大(da)可知。大(da)者至(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。亦(yi)通泰。言(yan)履上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)九。進而占泰之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)慶(qing)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。又大(da)有(you)(you)(you)為離合乾(qian)。火天大(da)有(you)(you)(you)。為升平(ping)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)世(shi)。光(guang)明之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)象。履之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中爻(yao)(yao)錯離。六三恰與(yu)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)九對應。是體乾(qian)而用離，故(gu)有(you)(you)(you)光(guang)明之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)稱。而兼大(da)有(you)(you)(you)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)象。以(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)九在(zai)(zai)位者。一(yi)人(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)慶(qing)。兆(zhao)民(min)賴(lai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。故(gu)曰大(da)有(you)(you)(you)慶(qing)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。所謂慶(qing)者、即考祥元(yuan)吉(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)指。考祥元(yuan)吉(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。非(fei)僅一(yi)人(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)福(fu)(fu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，總之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)履之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大(da)用。在(zai)(zai)全(quan)人(ren)(ren)生(sheng)。定民(min)志。平(ping)治天下(xia)。故(gu)終以(yi)(yi)大(da)有(you)(you)(you)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)慶(qing)。言(yan)克(ke)成(cheng)其(qi)用也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。且大(da)有(you)(you)(you)者富之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)至(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。畜之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)豐也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。以(yi)(yi)履上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)九。而成(cheng)小畜之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)用。其(qi)旨尤可深思矣(yi)。讀者要合全(quan)卦爻(yao)(yao)辭(ci)(ci)詳細觀之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。方知圣(sheng)人(ren)(ren)因(yin)易制禮(li)(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)。與(yu)夫(fu)以(yi)(yi)禮(li)(li)致(zhi)(zhi)治之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)功。無論為大(da)同。為小康。其(qi)必(bi)由禮(li)(li)。一(yi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。而上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)九一(yi)爻(yao)(yao)。所志大(da)有(you)(you)(you)。固重(zhong)在(zai)(zai)致(zhi)(zhi)世(shi)大(da)同。然(ran)人(ren)(ren)事如何。則(ze)視(shi)其(qi)德。故(gu)有(you)(you)(you)視(shi)履之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)語。而要用則(ze)在(zai)(zai)其(qi)旋(xuan)二字。皆(jie)指人(ren)(ren)事也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。數雖包舉巨細。而所由則(ze)在(zai)(zai)人(ren)(ren)。道(dao)雖兼賅本末(mo)。而所至(zhi)(zhi)則(ze)在(zai)(zai)德。此(ci)履上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)九爻(yao)(yao)辭(ci)(ci)含(han)義極(ji)廣也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。
履(lv)卦(gua)講極(ji)詳。閱時亦(yi)久。為欲禮(li)(li)(li)教(jiao)(jiao)復興(xing)。而(er)救人(ren)(ren)民水火(huo)也(ye)。亂世反正(zheng)(zheng)之(zhi)道。在(zai)先(xian)定(ding)(ding)(ding)民志(zhi)。定(ding)(ding)(ding)民志(zhi)在(zai)先(xian)辮名分。此履(lv)卦(gua)本(ben)旨(zhi)。即治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道本(ben)義(yi)。無古今中(zhong)外(wai)之(zhi)異(yi)(yi)也(ye)。試觀歷來治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)亂。即可知民志(zhi)定(ding)(ding)(ding)否。所關特大。而(er)定(ding)(ding)(ding)民志(zhi)者。有政令以(yi)(yi)(yi)致(zhi)之(zhi)。法(fa)律以(yi)(yi)(yi)齊(qi)之(zhi)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)根木則禮(li)(li)(li)教(jiao)(jiao)是也(ye)。政令法(fa)律。定(ding)(ding)(ding)其(qi)(qi)(qi)外(wai)而(er)巳。禮(li)(li)(li)敢則定(ding)(ding)(ding)其(qi)(qi)(qi)內。志(zhi)在(zai)內。故履(lv)主貞利。以(yi)(yi)(yi)孚于(yu)(yu)中(zhong)和。乃王道之(zhi)大則。圣治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)之(zhi)楷模。禮(li)(li)(li)教(jiao)(jiao)不(bu)興(xing)。政法(fa)無用(yong)。雖(sui)(sui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)于(yu)(yu)一時。而(er)不(bu)能久。定(ding)(ding)(ding)于(yu)(yu)一方(fang)。而(er)不(bu)能遠。為齊(qi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)末(mo)(mo)。忘其(qi)(qi)(qi)本(ben)。雖(sui)(sui)智(zhi)勇不(bu)足以(yi)(yi)(yi)謀(mou)其(qi)(qi)(qi)成。不(bu)必以(yi)(yi)(yi)前史為監。目(mu)前之(zhi)事亦(yi)可質證。物(wu)質文(wen)明。乃禮(li)(li)(li)教(jiao)(jiao)之(zhi)害。然禮(li)(li)(li)教(jiao)(jiao)之(zhi)成治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。又何嘗(chang)不(bu)計物(wu)質哉(zai)。不(bu)過主客異(yi)(yi)位(wei)。本(ben)末(mo)(mo)異(yi)(yi)用(yong)耳。履(lv)與小畜、相反相成。二者合(he)(he)而(er)開泰(tai)運。其(qi)(qi)(qi)效豈(qi)俗人(ren)(ren)所知。故大同之(zhi)世。見于(yu)(yu)禮(li)(li)(li)經。由(you)禮(li)(li)(li)以(yi)(yi)(yi)逢之(zhi)。正(zheng)(zheng)其(qi)(qi)(qi)捷徑(jing)也(ye)。又曰(yue)履(lv)卦(gua)在(zai)先(xian)天卦(gua)位(wei)。六十四(si)卦(gua)方(fang)圓圖位(wei)。均(jun)與乾兌(dui)(dui)(dui)相接。如謙之(zhi)與坤艮也(ye)。履(lv)本(ben)以(yi)(yi)(yi)乾兌(dui)(dui)(dui)合(he)(he)成。由(you)乾而(er)兌(dui)(dui)(dui)、為化(hua)行。由(you)兌(dui)(dui)(dui)而(er)乾、為復始。今履(lv)兌(dui)(dui)(dui)在(zai)乾下。六爻由(you)初至(zhi)上(shang)。始終之(zhi)序。正(zheng)(zheng)合(he)(he)返(fan)本(ben)還原(yuan)之(zhi)義(yi)。此即復始之(zhi)道。言(yan)萬物(wu)由(you)此以(yi)(yi)(yi)歸干初。人(ren)(ren)道由(you)此以(yi)(yi)(yi)愎于(yu)(yu)性(xing)。故為禮(li)(li)(li)之(zhi)所仿。克己愎禮(li)(li)(li)之(zhi)仁(ren)也(ye)。仁(ren)者人(ren)(ren)也(ye)。禮(li)(li)(li)者履(lv)也(ye)。在(zai)德為仁(ren)。在(zai)修(xiu)
為(wei)道。在化為(wei)生。在治為(wei)太(tai)平。皆一以貫之(zhi)。觀諸(zhu)履上(shang)九爻辭。即可見其旨意(yi)。蓋(gai)人之(zhi)有生。有始(shi)有終。不隨化以輪(lun)回。則由修以復本。此上(shang)下兩道。足以包盡之(zhi)矣。履卦所取。亦即賅此二義。生生有序(xu)。成道有階。一圓貫通。萬(wan)緣俱至。修之(zhi)成者。復歸于天。而長生久(jiu)視。
生(sheng)(sheng)之(zhi)化者。結緣于命(ming)。而旋轉循環。以善(shan)為行。則吉(ji)祥(xiang)隨時。以性為本。則乾元自在。此天人(ren)兩盡之(zhi)遵。形(xing)神同(tong)樂之(zhi)途也。故其爻辭曰。視履考祥(xiang)。其旋元吉(ji)。生(sheng)(sheng)者不(bu)盡。而書者無期(qi)。人(ren)物之(zhi)命(ming)。胥歸于履。豈(qi)不(bu)大哉(zai)。
文王(wang)八(ba)卦。世所稱為(wei)后天卦象者。即(ji)今本易經所傳。以別(bie)于連山歸藏。故(gu)曰周易。
其(qi)(qi)八卦方位(wei)次(ci)序。與伏羲者不(bu)同(tong)。易傳帝出乎震一節。即指明其(qi)(qi)位(wei)次(ci)也(ye)。其(qi)(qi)位(wei)次(ci)之定。亦由(you)于太極圖及洛書(shu)之象。
合伏羲卦而互闡其用也(ye)。蓋伏羲之(zhi)(zhi)卦。位(wei)次依于河圖。文王之(zhi)(zhi)卦。位(wei)次仿于洛書。一(yi)體(ti)一(yi)用。一(yi)天(tian)一(yi)人。其異(yi)者正(zheng)其變(bian)化之(zhi)(zhi)跡。其變(bian)者正(zheng)其自然之(zhi)(zhi)象。初非文王故異(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)而變(bian)之(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)。
文王(wang)之卦。原伏羲所制。八(ba)卦及六十(shi)四(si)卦。六爻及三百八(ba)十(shi)四(si)爻。皆(jie)無異也。
其所異(yi)者(zhe)。方位次(ci)序而已。因(yin)方位之異(yi)。而見(jian)主(zhu)客之殊(shu)。因(yin)次(ci)序之異(yi)。而見(jian)生化(hua)之別(bie)。
無非就天人(ren)之(zhi)間。事物之(zhi)內。盡其情(qing)狀。推(tui)其始(shi)終(zhong)。以象之(zhi)于卦(gua)。而足(zu)為推(tui)測之(zhi)用耳。
故位次之(zhi)不同。乃卦之(zhi)自變。文(wen)王不過因而(er)演之(zhi)。以(yi)成(cheng)易(yi)耳。他如連(lian)山歸藏。亦如此(ci)例。各以(yi)不同而(er)徵(zhi)其(qi)變。以(yi)變而(er)成(cheng)其(qi)易(yi)而(er)已。
夫(fu)易固取變易為旨者。則推異致變。亦伏羲易之所有。而人(ren)事(shi)變易無(wu)窮。一易之象(xiang)。無(wu)以盡之。則雖屢(lv)(lv)變屢(lv)(lv)異。
既(ji)為易道所包(bao)者。自可順其然。而(er)(er)推衍其新(xin)。蓋后天(tian)之(zhi)事物日繁。氣數(shu)日變。而(er)(er)易亦(yi)象之(zhi)。以成后天(tian)之(zhi)卦(gua)也。
故卦之方位。非前之地(di)位。次序非前之交(jiao)代(dai)。其各類(lei)以(yi)殊(shu)。道路以(yi)別。觀文(wen)王(wang)之制。即可見后(hou)天(tian)與(yu)(yu)先(xian)天(tian)之不同(tong)也。夫先(xian)天(tian)八卦以(yi)乾(qian)坤(kun)居(ju)上(shang)下。而后(hou)天(tian)則易以(yi)離坎(kan)。先(xian)天(tian)以(yi)日月列東西。而后(hou)天(tian)則易以(yi)震兌。而乾(qian)坤(kun)反在其則。與(yu)(yu)巽艮同(tong)處(chu)于(yu)隅者、何(he)也。
蓋即后天之(zhi)氣(qi)數(shu)然耳(er)。后天者(zhe)本生生不(bu)(bu)(bu)息(xi)之(zhi)例。為變化不(bu)(bu)(bu)居之(zhi)規(gui)。不(bu)(bu)(bu)息(xi)則位(wei)無定(ding)方。行無定(ding)所(suo)。不(bu)(bu)(bu)居則氣(qi)有消長。數(shu)有盈(ying)虛。與先天者(zhe)自異其趣矣。
以先天(tian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)氣(qi)。變為(wei)后(hou)天(tian)事物(wu)。則體用自殊。如后(hou)天(tian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)二氣(qi)。以水火為(wei)主(zhu)。水火代乾坤大用。為(wei)五行之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)首。為(wei)陰(yin)陽主(zhu)器。司萬物(wu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)生。故坎離二卦為(wei)上下正位(wei)。示后(hou)天(tian)生化之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)本源。
如先天(tian)之(zhi)(zhi)乾坤(kun)也。且先天(tian)之(zhi)(zhi)氣純(chun)。一交(jiao)而(er)分后天(tian)。則相錯以行。相和以化(hua)。不可劃為二也。
如水(shui)火(huo)為陰(yin)陽合(he)體。水(shui)以陽合(he)于(yu)(yu)陰(yin)。火(huo)以陰(yin)藏于(yu)(yu)陽。其成固(gu)非純(chun)。
而(er)(er)水(shui)以體陽用陰。故(gu)坎屬(shu)陽而(er)(er)在下(xia)。火以體陰用陽。故(gu)離屬(shu)陰而(er)(er)居上(shang)。
其行固交錯以推演之也。故(gu)連歸之后。文(wen)王又(you)重演之。得文(wen)王之易。
而伏(fu)羲之(zhi)卦象(xiang)更(geng)明(ming)。以用能昭體。人能合(he)天。其義一(yi)貫。其道互證。而其象(xiang)數變化。尤(you)能全(quan)始終。
一(yi)本末。足(zu)以探天下之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)繁賾(ze)。極(ji)事物之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)常變者也。故以先(xian)天名伏羲之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)易。后天名文(wen)王之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)易。示雖有異。不過先(xian)后之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)分。
其(qi)如一(yi)(yi)人亦(yi)有先后天。事物皆然(ran)。則先后天之易(yi)(yi)。猶一(yi)(yi)易(yi)(yi)也。何可(ke)異(yi)視(shi)之耶。
文王(wang)卦(gua)位次之(zhi)(zhi)變自(zi)伏羲(xi)卦(gua)者(zhe)。由于(yu)先(xian)天(tian)之(zhi)(zhi)氣數。因動(dong)靜往(wang)來(lai)而(er)(er)(er)生(sheng)變化。如河圖之(zhi)(zhi)象。因五行之(zhi)(zhi)交代而(er)(er)(er)生(sheng)變化也。故河圖易而(er)(er)(er)洛書(shu)成。先(xian)天(tian)卦(gua)易而(er)(er)(er)后天(tian)卦(gua)見。其例然也。
先(xian)天之象。陰(yin)陽(yang)始(shi)判。天地始(shi)位。氣動而(er)升。形定而(er)降。
乾坤(kun)定位于上下。日(ri)月交行(xing)于東西。陽由地(di)升而(er)為震。陰(yin)(yin)自(zi)上降而(er)成風。澤則(ze)近天。以示陽之(zhi)(zhi)近極。艮則(ze)近地(di)。以明陰(yin)(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)將盈。其位定而(er)次明也。
定則(ze)(ze)不(bu)(bu)變(bian)。明則(ze)(ze)不(bu)(bu)化。不(bu)(bu)變(bian)則(ze)(ze)窮(qiong)。不(bu)(bu)化則(ze)(ze)滅。而(er)天地將(jiang)息。事物何(he)生(sheng)。此(ci)先天之(zhi)氣(qi)數(shu)。必由(you)窮(qiong)而(er)變(bian)。明而(er)通。生(sheng)而(er)繼滅。化而(er)繼盡。以太極之(zhi)運。本不(bu)(bu)息也。
天(tian)(tian)地(di)之(zhi)氣。原貴生也(ye)(ye)。故不息以行其位。而性使然也(ye)(ye)。水(shui)性流下。故就地(di)。火性炎上。故親(qin)天(tian)(tian)。故天(tian)(tian)火為(wei)同人(ren)。水(shui)地(di)為(wei)比(bi)。
且(qie)其致(zhi)用(yong)。則(ze)水以體陽(yang)宜(yi)上升(sheng)。火(huo)以體陰(yin)宜(yi)下(xia)(xia)濟。如(ru)天(tian)道尊而下(xia)(xia)。地道卑而上。
故(gu)水火(huo)為既濟(ji)(ji)。火(huo)水為未濟(ji)(ji)。皆以其(qi)所(suo)得于二(er)氣者交錯。所(suo)行于天(tian)地者同(tong)化。
而足以為(wei)萬物(wu)生化(hua)之本。代乾(qian)坤上下之用(yong)也。此后天八卦(gua)方位。皆定于(yu)坎離。不(bu)復同于(yu)先天矣。
夫(fu)坎離既主后天之(zhi)位(wei)，為全易之(zhi)宗，則猶先天之(zhi)乾坤。為諸卦之(zhi)主。已無疑矣。
而先天(tian)日月之象。東西(xi)之行。今既以(yi)坎離象水火。而代天(tian)地。則必(bi)易以(yi)震兌。而指(zhi)日月之升降。明陰(yin)陽之道路。
在(zai)先天以天言(yan)。則(ze)為東西。在(zai)后天以人言(yan)。則(ze)為左(zuo)右。先天之日月升降。即后天之晝夜往來。
故震在(zai)東方。示日所(suo)(suo)生為(wei)陽所(suo)(suo)始。兌居西方。示月所(suo)(suo)出(chu)為(wei)陰所(suo)(suo)行。在(zai)一日為(wei)旦夕之(zhi)分。在(zai)一年為(wei)春秋之(zhi)別。
而(er)以(yi)五行(xing)言(yan)之(zhi)。則震為東方之(zhi)木。兌屬西方之(zhi)金。木生火而(er)相(xiang)親。則陽升之(zhi)道。金生水而(er)相(xiang)近。則陰降之(zhi)途。
既以水火主生化(hua)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中樞。自當(dang)以金木司生化(hua)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)相位。此震(zhen)兌在后(hou)天居左(zuo)右之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地。
代(dai)日月(yue)之明。本陰(yin)陽升降(jiang)之機(ji)。為天(tian)地生殺(sha)之宰。而與先(xian)天(tian)之象。以變而殊。化(hua)而易者。正由后天(tian)五(wu)行之氣。萬(wan)物之生化(hua)。
自然而(er)然。自至而(er)成(cheng)。其方位次(ci)序遂依此而(er)見矣。
河(he)圖之(zhi)易為洛(luo)書。由五行化為九宮。此自然變化所(suo)至者也。先天(tian)卦之(zhi)變后天(tian)亦如是。以先天(tian)之(zhi)卦。分(fen)陰分(fen)陽。統(tong)于(yu)乾坤。
而(er)后天之卦。則(ze)陰(yin)陽交(jiao)錯。或老或少。升降(jiang)往來。或多或少。而(er)統(tong)于四正。即坎離震兌也。
四卦應四象。而推演之。以加于(yu)四隅(yu)。象氣之多寡(gua)。數之進退。而仍附于(yu)四正。
以其數不止四。卦則演(yan)為八。猶陰陽(yang)之復分陰陽(yang)也。故八卦出于四象。
而(er)四隅之卦。本于(yu)四正(zheng)(zheng)也。四隅之卦。乾坤巽艮。在(zai)先(xian)天(tian)為(wei)正(zheng)(zheng)位。與(yu)老陰(yin)少陽(yang)。所象(xiang)重要。
而(er)在后天。則系坎離震兌之(zhi)所分(fen)化。以明氣之(zhi)往來。數之(zhi)大小而(er)已。故反(fan)置(zhi)于(yu)隅位。不似先天之(zhi)重要矣(yi)。
蓋天(tian)地生(sheng)化有主(zhu)宰(zai)。氣數有權衡(heng)。當位(wei)者貴(gui)。逢時(shi)(shi)者宜。坎(kan)離震兌。位(wei)當時(shi)(shi)逢。其綱領全易。如(ru)一歲之(zhi)四(si)(si)時(shi)(shi)。天(tian)下(xia)之(zhi)四(si)(si)方。為(wei)拄持(chi)全體者也(ye)。
而(er)乾坤巽艮(gen)。則其節目。附(fu)庸于(yu)四正(zheng)者(zhe)。故(gu)處于(yu)隅位。而(er)當于(yu)閑時其取象自異于(yu)先(xian)天也。
先天(tian)以乾坤為主。故二者獨尊。后(hou)天(tian)以四正為綱。故余者賤(jian)。道有輕重。物有先后(hou)。
不(bu)獨后天之乾坤。非先(xian)(xian)天比。且所象者亦異于先(xian)(xian)天。猶洛書之數雖同(tong)河(he)圖。而(er)其名(ming)類已非河(he)圖之舊。
故乾(qian)坤在(zai)先天為(wei)全易(yi)主(zhu)體。在(zai)后天則(ze)僅一枝節之用。與巽艮(gen)同觀。人或(huo)疑其退處一隅為(wei)不倫。或(huo)意其甘退讓為(wei)自卑。皆誤也。
皆(jie)不明后(hou)天(tian)(tian)卦象(xiang)所取(qu)義全異者也。夫后(hou)天(tian)(tian)之(zhi)(zhi)乾坤。為本五行(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)。推(tui)演而得之(zhi)(zhi)象(xiang)。與各卦象(xiang)同。非復(fu)統二氣(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)乾坤矣。
后天二氣之(zhi)主。以(yi)水(shui)(shui)火當(dang)之(zhi)。水(shui)(shui)火之(zhi)外(wai)。則(ze)皆(jie)升(sheng)降(jiang)往來(lai)之(zhi)象。乾在西北，坤處(chu)西南(nan)。其象不過陰陽升(sheng)降(jiang)之(zhi)跡，水(shui)(shui)火往來(lai)之(zhi)道耳。
后天(tian)之(zhi)用。以事物(wu)為主。不限(xian)于(yu)氣。而(er)氣行(xing)有形。氣至有質。所象(xiang)(xiang)有物(wu)。非空言(yan)天(tian)地也。故后天(tian)乾坤(kun)。自水火之(zhi)升降(jiang)。陰(yin)陽之(zhi)往來。而(er)見(jian)其所象(xiang)(xiang)之(zhi)物(wu)。不可(ke)與(yu)先(xian)天(tian)乾坤(kun)等(deng)量(liang)齊(qi)觀。
若(ruo)不(bu)明此義。而(er)(er)仍(reng)視如先(xian)天(tian)(tian)。則(ze)(ze)將坎(kan)離混(hun)觀(guan)。而(er)(er)亂其(qi)序。抑將天(tian)(tian)地(di)顛倒。而(er)(er)失其(qi)真(zhen)。則(ze)(ze)何以明文王卦位哉。故乾(qian)坤(kun)巽艮之在(zai)后天(tian)(tian)。正同先(xian)天(tian)(tian)之震巽艮兌。其(qi)位序既易(yi)。其(qi)象數隨(sui)殊。
此即先(xian)后之(zhi)(zhi)分。體(ti)(ti)用之(zhi)(zhi)別。學者不(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)執于名。而(er)忘其(qi)實。滯于象。而(er)遺其(qi)位(wei)。混(hun)先(xian)后天而(er)一之(zhi)(zhi)。使體(ti)(ti)用不(bu)(bu)(bu)彰。變化不(bu)(bu)(bu)明。而(er)無以探易(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)蘊也。
文王卦位。以后天二(er)五之氣(qi)。分布天地(di)間而不息。為陽(yang)(yang)者求于陰而成生育。為陰者近于陽(yang)(yang)見變化。
故(gu)系(xi)以(yi)分。類(lei)以(yi)別。正如(ru)洛書之數(shu)。陰陽次序。分為兩系(xi)。奇偶之數(shu)。交錯以(yi)行。不(bu)似河圖之一氣相(xiang)環。終始相(xiang)屬(shu)也(ye)，蓋動愈久。則變出愈多。生日眾。則類(lei)分日繁。有必至之勢也(ye)。
文王之(zhi)卦。既(ji)以(yi)坎離震兌。分列(lie)四(si)柱。則乾坤巽艮(gen)。自隨(sui)(sui)之(zhi)而各屬其(qi)類(lei)。因后天事(shi)物。以(yi)形為(wei)主(zhu)。形氣(qi)所(suo)成(cheng)。以(yi)方為(wei)定。二五所(suo)生。隨(sui)(sui)其(qi)類(lei)而位于(yu)一方。水從北。火(huo)歸南。木(mu)在東。金居西。土行中央。而運四(si)季。各有其(qi)序也。
水與金接。火與木連。風木相依。水天(tian)一氣。山土(tu)成地。而載萬物。相生(sheng)則承(cheng)其氣。相制則抗其位。各有(you)其次(ci)也。
故先天乾(qian)為天。包舉宇宙(zhou)。后天則屬(shu)金。建位西北。先天坤為地。載(zai)育群倫。后天則屬(shu)土。序次西南。
南為離(li)火(huo)。與土相生。北為坎水。與乾相得。
而西方之兌屬金。亦生(sheng)自土而類于乾。艮為山。為氣之終(zhong)。與土同類。而水泉潛焉。
震為木(mu)之生地(di)。木(mu)雖(sui)生于(yu)水。必得土之培。故自山出(chu)。巽亦木(mu)也(ye)(ye)。風之所見。風亦氣也(ye)(ye)。火之所燃。其(qi)性相宜。其(qi)位相接。故成環(huan)也(ye)(ye)。
水為火(huo)仇。金為木敵。土(tu)受木制(zhi)。金被火(huo)刑。水逢土(tu)掩(yan)。氣(qi)為風搖(yao)。相異其(qi)(qi)性。相抗其(qi)(qi)位(wei)。相制(zhi)其(qi)(qi)能。相隔其(qi)(qi)次。故(gu)成錯(cuo)也。環(huan)則(ze)氣(qi)順生成。錯(cuo)則(ze)氣(qi)變化見。分(fen)則(ze)為四(si)為八。推之無盡。合(he)則(ze)為五(wu)為二。返(fan)之太極。此固后天自然之象。亦文王(wang)卦位(wei)次之所定也。
且文(wen)王卦。為推(tui)伏羲(xi)卦之(zhi)(zhi)用。而盡其(qi)變也。即本先(xian)天(tian)氣數。推(tui)至(zhi)后天(tian)事(shi)物。以求(qiu)其(qi)遞(di)嬗之(zhi)(zhi)跡(ji)也。
故伏(fu)羲卦(gua)(gua)位(wei)次(ci)(ci)。為(wei)易之(zhi)(zhi)體。文(wen)王(wang)卦(gua)(gua)位(wei)次(ci)(ci)為(wei)易之(zhi)(zhi)用(yong)。因(yin)用(yong)得體。因(yin)體得用(yong)。原無二致。則(ze)伏(fu)羲卦(gua)(gua)之(zhi)(zhi)位(wei)次(ci)(ci)。即(ji)文(wen)王(wang)卦(gua)(gua)之(zhi)(zhi)前身。而文(wen)王(wang)卦(gua)(gua)之(zhi)(zhi)位(wei)次(ci)(ci)。即(ji)伏(fu)羲卦(gua)(gua)之(zhi)(zhi)變象。
二(er)者(zhe)一而(er)二(er)也(ye)。由(you)其(qi)異以求其(qi)同。知其(qi)同以辨其(qi)異。此習易(yi)者(zhe)之(zhi)所(suo)先務(wu)。而(er)不可不通(tong)之(zhi)為一。以明其(qi)旨(zhi)之(zhi)所(suo)在。與象(xiang)之(zhi)所(suo)示也(ye)。
如(ru)文(wen)王(wang)八(ba)卦之(zhi)(zhi)序(xu)自震始(shi)。與伏羲似同。而一(yi)則出(chu)于(yu)坤(kun)。為(wei)(wei)陽始(shi)生。一(yi)則變于(yu)艮。為(wei)(wei)陽已動(dong)。是不同也(ye)。蓋(gai)先天之(zhi)(zhi)氣。一(yi)六為(wei)(wei)水。三八(ba)為(wei)(wei)木。其(qi)序(xu)同也(ye)。
后天之(zhi)物。因土(tu)制水。因水生木。其用(yong)殊也。故甲(jia)乙為木。必得壬癸之(zhi)生源。而甲(jia)已化(hua)土(tu)。方成生化(hua)之(zhi)大用(yong)。
若徒(tu)水不生木也。有(you)土以(yi)培之。有(you)山(shan)以(yi)蓄之。則水用見(jian)。而木道成，此后天之序。有(you)異于(yu)先(xian)天。
而(er)震坤之位。有殊于前(qian)象者也。先天生(sheng)化(hua)本(ben)乎(hu)氣，故(gu)五行(xing)順序。后天生(sheng)化(hua)存乎(hu)形。故(gu)五行(xing)錯行(xing)。
一(yi)年之(zhi)序之(zhi)自春始。一(yi)日之(zhi)氣自寅見(jian)。一(yi)地之(zhi)氣自東起。故(gu)后天以震司動令也(ye)。動者自靜(jing)出。則震必自艮(gen)出。艮(gen)者止(zhi)也(ye)。由動而止(zhi)于靜(jing)。此艮(gen)為氣之(zhi)終。
由(you)靜而(er)(er)漸于動。則艮又氣之始。故(gu)艮者始終之地。先(xian)天(tian)(tian)以艮入地。后天(tian)(tian)以艮出(chu)水(shui)。故(gu)艮之先(xian)后天(tian)(tian)。皆為終始之樞。而(er)(er)在(zai)后天(tian)(tian)尤至顯也。
東(dong)北之(zhi)方(fang)。正生機所息。如春之(zhi)先。冬(dong)之(zhi)盡也。山土之(zhi)中。正生物之(zhi)所始。如木之(zhi)根。草之(zhi)荄也。故(gu)艮者萬物之(zhi)所資(zi)以生育者也。其同者則為坤。故(gu)與抗(kang)位。然后天之(zhi)序分相(xiang)次也。以升降言。則坤艮相(xiang)對。
以出入言(yan)。則巽艮(gen)相當。巽為風木(mu)。草也。氣也。草木(mu)之出于地(di)。已異于艮(gen)之根荄。
風氣(qi)之流于空。卻近于乾之金氣(qi)。故與乾對。
而同艮比。乾為氣。若天空之氣。與水一類。化而為水。凝而為金。位在坎兌間。則西與北之相生也。次于西北方。則凈土之天所在也。
fo稱凈土在(zai)西方(fang)。而(er)(er)fo身金(jin)剛不(bu)壞(huai)。fo相非(fei)空非(fei)色。其義與乾(qian)象同。fo言(yan)四大。地水火風(feng)。獨少金(jin)。而(er)(er)以西方(fang)凈土為fo地。
亦(yi)與五行之言(yan)一也。故乾為天。而性屬金。而以(yi)西北。與巽對。
以用言(yan)。則與坤對。坤司(si)載物。乾司(si)覆物。坤為生(sheng)。乾為化。乾知大始。坤代有(you)終。
皆(jie)功用之相(xiang)(xiang)當也。故(gu)位相(xiang)(xiang)比。此亦先后(hou)天之同異也。
在五(wu)行生制中。萬物生化以成。固氣之所推蕩也。八卦(gua)之分五(wu)行以象物。因二氣生降消長。以象生化之跡。而(er)以后天之卦(gua)為最(zui)明顯。
蓋先天之(zhi)(zhi)卦。為示氣之(zhi)(zhi)本(ben)體(ti)。與其行至之(zhi)(zhi)序。非(fei)如(ru)后天均(jun)可按(an)之(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)物(wu)也。
后天卦象。全體生化(hua)。有(you)(you)行(xing)至之(zhi)序。有(you)(you)變(bian)遷之(zhi)跡。有(you)(you)相生制之(zhi)象。有(you)(you)相循環之(zhi)式。故分觀之(zhi)。則一節(jie)一方之(zhi)物。合觀之(zhi)則全部全體之(zhi)事。均貫(guan)通者也。
如先天之卦。天地水火對(dui)列。山澤風雷(lei)抗(kang)居。其(qi)氣布(bu)于(yu)兩間。其(qi)數分(fen)于(yu)萬物。而不(bu)相聯接也。故分(fen)為二。以屬于(yu)乾坤。
后天則(ze)不然(ran)。以水火為(wei)主(zhu)。金(jin)木(mu)為(wei)輔。四隅相錯。皆相接也。因后天之象。由合而(er)分。本無(wu)窮(qiong)盡。雖(sui)本先天一氣。可統(tong)于(yu)陰(yin)陽。而(er)應(ying)五行生化。可變為(wei)萬(wan)用(yong)。故水火司(si)乾(qian)坤之用(yong)。金(jin)木(mu)助(zhu)陰(yin)陽之功(gong)。功(gong)用(yong)以全。物事以備。
在先天(tian)以元氣為貴(gui)。故乾包坤(kun)。而后天(tian)以生化(hua)為先。故陰(yin)先陽。
此離(li)上坎下(xia)。與乾(qian)上坤下(xia)各不同也。生(sheng)化(hua)之用。以(yi)陽(yang)求(qiu)陰。得陰始生(sheng)。陽(yang)不獨生(sheng)也。
故曰陰(yin)陽(yang)。而上離(li)下坎。離(li)陰(yin)以(yi)代乾。坎陽(yang)以(yi)代坤。陰(yin)陽(yang)互(hu)濟。生化乃見(jian)。此實天下至理。萬物大本。而后天卦(gua)象(xiang)位(wei)次之要義也(ye)。
若仍(reng)如先天之(zhi)象。則(ze)(ze)生(sheng)化不(bu)成(cheng)。氣(qi)數(shu)不(bu)續。道之(zhi)窮也(ye)。窮則(ze)(ze)必變。變則(ze)(ze)后(hou)天之(zhi)象見(jian)。此文王之(zhi)卦。必繼伏羲而明。而離坎(kan)之(zhi)位必代乾坤而立者也(ye)。
物變必因陰陽之(zhi)交(jiao)。事變必因氣(qi)數(shu)之(zhi)易。天地尚不得不變。況下者乎(hu)。
后天者變(bian)象也。變(bian)于先天。而(er)成現在(zai)之象。故人道存(cun)焉。
人(ren)道以(yi)為(wei)主。則(ze)乾坤退用(yong)。此離坎屬(shu)人(ren)。為(wei)后天位次之樞(shu)。而主八(ba)卦之用(yong)也。學(xue)者(zhe)當(dang)思(si)之。
文王六十四(si)卦講義----宣圣講義「孔子」
六十四(si)卦。自(zi)八卦出。無論伏(fu)(fu)羲(xi)(xi)文王(wang)一也(ye)(ye)。其(qi)次序自(zi)伏(fu)(fu)羲(xi)(xi)八卦方位定。無論先后天一也(ye)(ye)。
唯(wei)六十四(si)卦。有本(ben)宮次序。有本(ben)卦次序。有相(xiang)(xiang)錯次序。有相(xiang)(xiang)和次序。各以其變化而定。
本(ben)宮者分乾坎艮震巽(xun)離坤兌八(ba)宮。各八(ba)變。成(cheng)六十四卦(gua)。此(ci)序卦(gua)之自生也(ye)。
本卦(gua)者亦依八卦(gua)之生化。而以(yi)(yi)乾兌震離巽(xun)坎艮(gen)坤(kun)之序。分屬一卦(gua)。以(yi)(yi)成八屬。
此明卦氣之(zhi)消(xiao)長為循環也。相錯者以卦之(zhi)交(jiao)錯。分乾坤坎(kan)離(li)震(zhen)艮(gen)巽兌。相交(jiao)錯而成行。以循環而為序。即周易上下經之(zhi)序也。
相和者(zhe)亦(yi)卦之(zhi)交錯。合其(qi)體用。明其(qi)常變。和先后天(tian)之(zhi)例。一伏羲文王之(zhi)序。并及連(lian)山歸(gui)藏之(zhi)成(cheng)規。
與本(ben)宮(gong)本(ben)卦參(can)照而為(wei)序(xu)者。即(ji)雜卦傳(chuan)之序(xu)也。蓋卦變(bian)本(ben)多。變(bian)必有例。易以明(ming)變(bian)。則一變(bian)有一序(xu)也。以此四(si)者舉其凡。若盡其變(bian)。尚不止耳。
六十四卦既由八卦出。八卦之序。已有不同。
則(ze)六十四卦之序。自分(fen)多類(lei)。不(bu)過后天(tian)易象重在交(jiao)錯(cuo)。二五流行。無(wu)不(bu)交(jiao)互。天(tian)下萬類(lei)無(wu)非錯(cuo)行。合則(ze)以(yi)生。分(fen)則(ze)以(yi)化。推之不(bu)盡。用之不(bu)窮(qiong)。則(ze)當(dang)以(yi)文王所序之例為(wei)主。
以能象(xiang)現(xian)在之(zhi)事物。而可推諸(zhu)往來之(zhi)氣數也。其他各例。以備(bei)參(can)考。俾知(zhi)序變則(ze)用(yong)殊(shu)。易道(dao)不窮。則(ze)變例無(wu)盡。
有后圣者(zhe)出。推而(er)廣之(zhi)(zhi)亦足與文王易同。則變例之(zhi)(zhi)存。將(jiang)有待于推闡(chan)。不獨溯源探本已也。
文王所定六十四卦(gua)次(ci)序。大別之為上下篇。而上篇統于乾坤(kun)坎(kan)離。下篇統于震艮巽兌。此大略也。
其實(shi)皆相錯交互。明氣之(zhi)周流。二氣消息往復(fu)無(wu)已。自為環行。系后天自然(ran)之(zhi)象。
由(you)先(xian)天(tian)既變。氣隨形化。數(shu)隨事見。天(tian)道(dao)存于人(ren)物。化育寓于時(shi)位。皆莫為而為。莫致而至。以繼往啟來。垂(chui)今鑒古。無不符合。故為易(yi)之(zhi)主體。而見卦之(zhi)大(da)用(yong)也(ye)。
上(shang)篇三十。首乾坤而(er)終(zhong)坎離。明先后天(tian)之卦象異主。坎離即以代乾坤。為宇宙之樞機。運陰(yin)陽之中極。而(er)天(tian)地間萬(wan)物(wu)從此生化(hua)也。
下篇首咸怛終既未濟。即(ji)本(ben)上篇乾坤坎(kan)離交(jiao)錯。而成人類(lei)之(zhi)萬(wan)事萬(wan)象(xiang)。
以(yi)震艮巽兌縱橫其間。明事物之(zhi)回環(huan)曲折。無窮無盡。人主其中。以(yi)代天(tian)地(di)。并化(hua)育(yu)。為(wei)世界開化(hua)。為(wei)物類建極(ji)。以(yi)成天(tian)地(di)人三才(cai)之(zhi)德(de)。
而全(quan)易卦六爻之用(yong)。此下(xia)篇(pian)三十四卦始終(zhong)(zhong)。與上篇(pian)大同。皆以(yi)乾坤起。坎離終(zhong)(zhong)。而更(geng)交錯之也。
蓋(gai)后天之象(xiang)異先天者。以多變(bian)也。變(bian)因于(yu)(yu)交(jiao)錯(cuo)。而天地既(ji)判。人(ren)物已繁。往(wang)來其中者。形與氣也。司(si)形者數。司(si)氣者神(shen)。神(shen)主于(yu)(yu)隱。數行(xing)于(yu)(yu)顯。于(yu)(yu)是一者分為二矣(yi)。
先天(tian)一氣(qi)。同屬乾(qian)坤(kun)。雖二仍一。以氣(qi)同也。后天(tian)之變(bian)。乾(qian)坤(kun)分(fen)居。坎(kan)離(li)代用。形氣(qi)并具。二者乃分(fen)。
故后(hou)天統于水火。分于木金。而同(tong)寓于土。非復先天二氣(qi)之一(yi)源。生化(hua)盡于乾坤。周(zhou)回歸于陰陽(yang)。其象簡。其數單。而明(ming)顯易見(jian)。純一(yi)易名也(ye)。
故后天之卦(gua)。必(bi)以交(jiao)錯為(wei)用。愈(yu)交(jiao)愈(yu)生。愈(yu)錯愈(yu)化。生化日眾。交(jiao)錯益多。此六(liu)(liu)十四(si)卦(gua)。雖大類統于(yu)水火。屬于(yu)四(si)正。而其往(wang)復之跡。消息之機。無不縱橫如織。回環若輪也(ye)。此文(wen)王六(liu)(liu)十四(si)卦(gua)定(ding)序之義也(ye)。
文王六十四(si)卦(gua)次序(xu)。雖因交錯。而因異(yi)本宮本卦(gua)之序(xu)。而其取法者。則仍乾坤對(dui)列之八卦(gua)位次也。
蓋乾坤(kun)對列之(zhi)位(wei)次(ci)。雖屬先天(tian)卦(gua)象(xiang)。究為(wei)卦(gua)象(xiang)本(ben)體。不(bu)得棄之(zhi)而別(bie)取法(fa)也。若上離下坎之(zhi)象(xiang)。雖名后天(tian)位(wei)次(ci)。其為(wei)用只與(yu)本(ben)宮(gong)本(ben)卦(gua)之(zhi)序相證。而非文王六十四卦(gua)序所本(ben)也。
此其(qi)異者。以(yi)先天(tian)之至后(hou)(hou)(hou)天(tian)。因其(qi)變。變有其(qi)例。因于體(ti)(ti)用。體(ti)(ti)此而用則(ze)彼。體(ti)(ti)先而用則(ze)后(hou)(hou)(hou)。文王八卦位次。仿自伏羲八卦。而與本宮本卦之序相應。一先一后(hou)(hou)(hou)。一體(ti)(ti)一用也。
二者(zhe)同出異用(yong)。一常一變(bian)。常者(zhe)不變(bian)。故(gu)其(qi)用(yong)能變(bian)。變(bian)而不失其(qi)常。若體(ti)已(yi)變(bian)。則何以(yi)用(yong)變(bian)。以(yi)變(bian)為變(bian)。將不復知有常矣。
則易道亂。亂則何以(yi)神其用(yong)哉。故變者本于(yu)不變。而后天(tian)必本于(yu)先天(tian)也(ye)。
世之習易者。以文王六十四卦。不合其八卦位次。而其八卦位次。恰(qia)與本宮之序同。
有疑為(wei)不(bu)如(ru)是者。不(bu)知六十四(si)卦者。全易之(zhi)象。八卦亦在其中。文王六十四(si)卦之(zhi)序。即(ji)后天(tian)之(zhi)象。與(yu)伏羲(xi)本宮卦序。正(zheng)為(wei)體應。非可疑也(ye)。
茍(gou)就六十四卦之(zhi)象前后(hou)觀之(zhi)。其(qi)(qi)氣消(xiao)息。其(qi)(qi)數盈虛。其(qi)(qi)行往復。其(qi)(qi)道回環。無不(bu)與伏(fu)羲八(ba)卦位次同。蓋可見其(qi)(qi)取(qu)法所自矣。
且六十四卦之(zhi)序(xu)。不有數例在乎。試各按之(zhi)。皆足以(yi)參證其用。以(yi)本宮言之(zhi)。三(san)變而后。則屬(shu)對宮。七變為游魂。八變為歸(gui)魂。仍(reng)本先天(tian)八卦方位者也。
蓋變(bian)多必因(yin)交(jiao)錯(cuo)(cuo)。氣交(jiao)數錯(cuo)(cuo)。變(bian)乃無盡(jin)。后天以變(bian)為(wei)主。固必取交(jiao)錯(cuo)(cuo)之例(li)。
交錯以對位為(wei)主。以旁行(xing)為(wei)輔。對位為(wei)交。旁行(xing)為(wei)錯。如(ru)乾之(zhi)坤。對位也(ye)(ye)。之(zhi)離坎則旁行(xing)也(ye)(ye)。
文王六十四卦序。其例正如此(ci)。故以(yi)乾坤(kun)為(wei)首。以(yi)既未濟為(wei)終。明(ming)后天之(zhi)交錯。而象事物之(zhi)生化(hua)也。
夫本宮之序(xu)。終于歸(gui)妹。與此之終于未濟。其(qi)義(yi)亦可(ke)互參(can)。
傳曰歸妹女之終也。未濟男(nan)之窮也。
乾道(dao)成男。坤道(dao)成女。男女即乾坤也(ye)。乾坤即天地(di)也(ye)。天地(di)即陰(yin)陽也(ye)。
陰(yin)盡于歸妹。明體靜也(ye)。陽(yang)盡于未濟。明用動(dong)也(ye)。
先天(tian)主靜(jing)。內陽(yang)外(wai)陰(yin)。后天(tian)主動。內陰(yin)外(wai)陽(yang)。
故文王之(zhi)序。以(yi)乾始。以(yi)未濟終(zhong)。示陽氣之(zhi)循(xun)環。為后天生化之(zhi)本。
而陽氣(qi)之終盡。為(wei)人物(wu)窮竭之時。此(ci)其(qi)取義。亦象天地自然之氣(qi)者也(ye)。況易者盡而無盡。窮而復通。以其(qi)循環也(ye)。
天(tian)地為一(yi)大(da)循環。終(zhong)則有始。非不續也。故未濟窮而不窮。
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