泰(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)正(zheng)月(yue)(yue)卦(gua)。正(zheng)月(yue)(yue)三(san)(san)陽(yang)(yang)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)升。象如泰(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)。而(er)(er)否(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)七(qi)月(yue)(yue)卦(gua)。七(qi)月(yue)(yue)三(san)(san)陰(yin)(yin)(yin)下(xia)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)。象如否(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)實皆乾(qian)(qian)坤(kun)(kun)各半(ban)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)卦(gua)。泰(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)坤(kun)(kun)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)乾(qian)(qian)下(xia)。三(san)(san)陽(yang)(yang)在(zai)內(nei)。否(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)乾(qian)(qian)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)坤(kun)(kun)下(xia)。三(san)(san)陽(yang)(yang)在(zai)外(wai)。陽(yang)(yang)貴陰(yin)(yin)(yin)賤(jian)。故(gu)(gu)泰(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)亨(heng)通。否(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)否(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)塞。以(yi)(yi)(yi)氣(qi)(qi)交(jiao)否(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)別(bie)。陽(yang)(yang)主升。在(zai)下(xia)則(ze)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)升。陰(yin)(yin)(yin)主降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)。在(zai)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)則(ze)下(xia)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)。一升一降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)。轉相合(he)。而(er)(er)成(cheng)一陰(yin)(yin)(yin)一陽(yang)(yang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)(dao)是(shi)泰(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)亨(heng)通也(ye)(ye)。否(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)則(ze)反(fan)是(shi)。陽(yang)(yang)升而(er)(er)在(zai)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)。陰(yin)(yin)(yin)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)而(er)(er)在(zai)下(xia)。上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)者益上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)。下(xia)者益下(xia)。兩(liang)相背(bei)馳(chi)。中(zhong)道(dao)(dao)隔絕(jue)。是(shi)否(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)否(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)塞也(ye)(ye)。氣(qi)(qi)自(zi)絕(jue)而(er)(er)道(dao)(dao)不(bu)通故(gu)(gu)也(ye)(ye)。夫易者、重(zhong)在(zai)交(jiao)易。交(jiao)必會(hui)陰(yin)(yin)(yin)陽(yang)(yang)。今陰(yin)(yin)(yin)與(yu)陽(yang)(yang)違(wei)。是(shi)失交(jiao)易之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)旨。不(bu)交(jiao)則(ze)絕(jue)。不(bu)易則(ze)窮(qiong)。既絕(jue)且窮(qiong)。天地閉塞。是(shi)寒冬之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)象也(ye)(ye)。而(er)(er)卦(gua)以(yi)(yi)(yi)七(qi)月(yue)(yue)當之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。何也(ye)(ye)。則(ze)分一年為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)乾(qian)(qian)坤(kun)(kun)二氣(qi)(qi)。各領六(liu)月(yue)(yue)。乾(qian)(qian)自(zi)四月(yue)(yue)始(shi)。至七(qi)月(yue)(yue)恰為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)第三(san)(san)變(bian)。天地否(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)卦(gua)。此八宮卦(gua)序所(suo)配(pei)合(he)也(ye)(ye)。以(yi)(yi)(yi)時(shi)令(ling)言(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。七(qi)月(yue)(yue)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)秋(qiu)。春秋(qiu)中(zhong)分陰(yin)(yin)(yin)陽(yang)(yang)。即(ji)半(ban)陰(yin)(yin)(yin)半(ban)陽(yang)(yang)也(ye)(ye)。泰(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)否(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)皆三(san)(san)陰(yin)(yin)(yin)三(san)(san)陽(yang)(yang)。故(gu)(gu)合(he)春秋(qiu)二季之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)象。泰(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)以(yi)(yi)(yi)陰(yin)(yin)(yin)生陽(yang)(yang)。故(gu)(gu)配(pei)春。否(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)以(yi)(yi)(yi)陽(yang)(yang)成(cheng)陰(yin)(yin)(yin)。故(gu)(gu)配(pei)秋(qiu)。此合(he)于節氣(qi)(qi)者也(ye)(ye)。然無論所(suo)配(pei)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)月(yue)(yue)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)季為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)時(shi)。而(er)(er)最要辨明者。則(ze)否(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)與(yu)泰(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)恰相反(fan)耳。泰(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)反(fan)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)否(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)。泰(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)卦(gua)反(fan)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)否(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下(xia)。否(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)卦(gua)反(fan)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)泰(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下(xia)。即(ji)往來(lai)(lai)卦(gua)也(ye)(ye)。言(yan)前日(ri)往。今復來(lai)(lai)。其(qi)道(dao)(dao)異(yi)也(ye)(ye)。故(gu)(gu)泰(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)亨(heng)。否(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)則(ze)不(bu)亨(heng)。泰(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)交(jiao)。否(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)則(ze)不(bu)交(jiao)。其(qi)象既反(fan)。其(qi)德亦相反(fan)。傳(chuan)曰否(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)泰(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)反(fan)其(qi)類也(ye)(ye)。言(yan)無不(bu)反(fan)。故(gu)(gu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)類稱。類指陰(yin)(yin)(yin)陽(yang)(yang)言(yan)。泰(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)陽(yang)(yang)。否(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)陰(yin)(yin)(yin)。雖皆三(san)(san)陽(yang)(yang)三(san)(san)陰(yin)(yin)(yin)。而(er)(er)其(qi)行不(bu)同(tong)。其(qi)物亦異(yi)。以(yi)(yi)(yi)氣(qi)(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)升降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)殊也(ye)(ye)。道(dao)(dao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)往來(lai)(lai)別(bie)也(ye)(ye)。易卦(gua)六(liu)爻(yao)。上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)外(wai)。下(xia)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)內(nei)。下(xia)主升。上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)主降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)。不(bu)問爻(yao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)陰(yin)(yin)(yin)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)陽(yang)(yang)也(ye)(ye)。故(gu)(gu)內(nei)卦(gua)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)始(shi)。外(wai)卦(gua)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)終。今否(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)以(yi)(yi)(yi)坤(kun)(kun)在(zai)下(xia)。坤(kun)(kun)陰(yin)(yin)(yin)也(ye)(ye)。本降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)而(er)(er)欲之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)升。乾(qian)(qian)在(zai)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)。乾(qian)(qian)陽(yang)(yang)也(ye)(ye)。本升而(er)(er)欲之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)。是(shi)亦反(fan)其(qi)道(dao)(dao)也(ye)(ye)。故(gu)(gu)成(cheng)大反(fan)。言(yan)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)下(xia)相反(fan)。內(nei)外(wai)相反(fan)。陰(yin)(yin)(yin)陽(yang)(yang)相反(fan)。而(er)(er)成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)否(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)。為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)不(bu)交(jiao)。為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)絕(jue)。為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)不(bu)通。為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)窮(qiong)。此其(qi)所(suo)象固與(yu)泰(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)大殊。不(bu)獨一卦(gua)爻(yao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)異(yi)也(ye)(ye)。
論卦爻(yao)配合(he)。否(fou)與泰卦。只(zhi)上下(xia)(xia)(xia)不(bu)(bu)同(tong)。而(er)(er)(er)(er)實(shi)則(ze)上下(xia)(xia)(xia)既移。陰(yin)陽(yang)乃乖。蓋內(nei)卦以(yi)二(er)爻(yao)為(wei)中(zhong)位。外卦以(yi)五爻(yao)為(wei)正(zheng)位即(ji)內(nei)外主位也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)否(fou)以(yi)陽(yang)外陰(yin)內(nei)。兩不(bu)(bu)相抱。孤陰(yin)獨陽(yang)。勢成決(jue)絕。就互(hu)卦言。在(zai)泰為(wei)雷澤(ze)歸妹。而(er)(er)(er)(er)在(zai)否(fou)則(ze)為(wei)風山漸。亦(yi)相反(fan)(fan)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。二(er)至(zhi)四(si)為(wei)艮。三至(zhi)五為(wei)巽。故(gu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。雖由(you)五反(fan)(fan)初為(wei)兌。由(you)上反(fan)(fan)二(er)為(wei)震仍與泰之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)互(hu)同(tong)。然巳為(wei)反(fan)(fan)互(hu)矣。在(zai)卦順(shun)行(xing)(xing)日(ri)正(zheng)互(hu)。反(fan)(fan)行(xing)(xing)曰(yue)反(fan)(fan)互(hu)。即(ji)順(shun)逆(ni)(ni)與正(zheng)反(fan)(fan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。順(shun)者(zhe)(zhe)主也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。逆(ni)(ni)者(zhe)(zhe)敵也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。正(zheng)者(zhe)(zhe)親也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。反(fan)(fan)者(zhe)(zhe)仇(chou)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。否(fou)反(fan)(fan)即(ji)為(wei)泰矣。故(gu)反(fan)(fan)泰成否(fou)。反(fan)(fan)否(fou)為(wei)泰。二(er)者(zhe)(zhe)只(zhi)一順(shun)逆(ni)(ni)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)途(tu)。而(er)(er)(er)(er)時(shi)系之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。泰得時(shi)。故(gu)順(shun)而(er)(er)(er)(er)正(zheng)。否(fou)非(fei)(fei)(fei)時(shi)。故(gu)逆(ni)(ni)而(er)(er)(er)(er)反(fan)(fan)此(ci)(ci)即(ji)用(yong)泰用(yong)否(fou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)異也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。君(jun)子用(yong)泰。小(xiao)(xiao)人(ren)(ren)用(yong)否(fou)。君(jun)子取(qu)于正(zheng)順(shun)。小(xiao)(xiao)人(ren)(ren)唯圖反(fan)(fan)逆(ni)(ni)。故(gu)亂(luan)政不(bu)(bu)仕(shi)。危(wei)邦不(bu)(bu)居者(zhe)(zhe)。君(jun)子也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。而(er)(er)(er)(er)世運亦(yi)因君(jun)子之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)退而(er)(er)(er)(er)益亂(luan)。國家亦(yi)因小(xiao)(xiao)人(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)進而(er)(er)(er)(er)益危(wei)。人(ren)(ren)事之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)齊。天(tian)變愈亟焉。故(gu)處(chu)否(fou)而(er)(er)(er)(er)行(xing)(xing)否(fou)。在(zai)君(jun)子只(zhi)求其(qi)(qi)貞(zhen)(zhen)。在(zai)小(xiao)(xiao)人(ren)(ren)則(ze)得其(qi)(qi)利。非(fei)(fei)(fei)天(tian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)予小(xiao)(xiao)人(ren)(ren)。時(shi)為(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。天(tian)賅生殺之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)。世有治亂(luan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)途(tu)。泰卦為(wei)亨(heng)貞(zhen)(zhen)。以(yi)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)(xing)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。否(fou)卦為(wei)貞(zhen)(zhen)吉(ji)。以(yi)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)晦也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)行(xing)(xing)則(ze)同(tong)亨(heng)。而(er)(er)(er)(er)天(tian)下(xia)(xia)(xia)被其(qi)(qi)德。道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)晦則(ze)獨貞(zhen)(zhen)。而(er)(er)(er)(er)天(tian)下(xia)(xia)(xia)受其(qi)(qi)災。故(gu)在(zai)否(fou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)吉(ji)。以(yi)君(jun)子之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)貞(zhen)(zhen)。在(zai)否(fou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)亨(heng)。以(yi)小(xiao)(xiao)人(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)利。二(er)者(zhe)(zhe)各有指也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。人(ren)(ren)兼天(tian)地之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)。而(er)(er)(er)(er)居其(qi)(qi)中(zhong)。天(tian)覆地載。而(er)(er)(er)(er)人(ren)(ren)戴履之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。故(gu)三者(zhe)(zhe)交(jiao)。人(ren)(ren)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)立。三者(zhe)(zhe)絕。人(ren)(ren)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)亡。今否(fou)天(tian)地不(bu)(bu)通。氣交(jiao)閉塞(sai)。是人(ren)(ren)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)危(wei)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。人(ren)(ren)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)既危(wei)。人(ren)(ren)生乃苦。于是非(fei)(fei)(fei)人(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)見(jian)焉。此(ci)(ci)彖(tuan)辭所謂否(fou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)匪(fei)人(ren)(ren)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。言否(fou)不(bu)(bu)宜(yi)人(ren)(ren)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)而(er)(er)(er)(er)及于匪(fei)人(ren)(ren)。匪(fei)人(ren)(ren)非(fei)(fei)(fei)人(ren)(ren)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。不(bu)(bu)以(yi)仁義(yi)為(wei)用(yong)者(zhe)(zhe)、非(fei)(fei)(fei)人(ren)(ren)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。傳曰(yue)、立人(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)曰(yue)仁與義(yi)。此(ci)(ci)匪(fei)人(ren)(ren)二(er)字。即(ji)示(shi)其(qi)(qi)非(fei)(fei)(fei)人(ren)(ren)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。
否(fou)卦辭(ci)義。亦有深(shen)意。否(fou)字(zi)上(shang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)不。下為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)口(kou)(kou)。不者(zhe)非也(ye)(ye)。不然也(ye)(ye)。毋也(ye)(ye)。勿也(ye)(ye)。弗(fu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)也(ye)(ye)。皆示其(qi)(qi)不可(ke)(ke)(ke)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)。不宜為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)。不能為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意。口(kou)(kou)者(zhe)、出好興(xing)戎者(zhe)也(ye)(ye)。言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)語所自出。辭(ci)令所由辨(bian)(bian)也(ye)(ye)。不可(ke)(ke)(ke)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)。不僅(jin)指言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)語。凡(fan)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)行皆然。而(er)否(fou)從口(kou)(kou)。則又重于(yu)慎(shen)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)也(ye)(ye)。言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)募尤(you)。則事易成。禍易避。辭(ci)立誠(cheng)。則德可(ke)(ke)(ke)大(da)。道(dao)可(ke)(ke)(ke)久。人(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)善(shan)惡。生(sheng)于(yu)其(qi)(qi)心(xin)(xin)。發于(yu)其(qi)(qi)口(kou)(kou)。心(xin)(xin)藏不測(ce)。口(kou)(kou)中言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)辭(ci)。一(yi)聆而(er)辨(bian)(bian)。故(gu)行道(dao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)士(shi)必(bi)擇言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)。修(xiu)身之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)必(bi)知言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)。言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)心(xin)(xin)聲(sheng)。利害(hai)隨(sui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。吉(ji)兇共之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。否(fou)以慎(shen)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)先。則可(ke)(ke)(ke)見君子(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所事也(ye)(ye)。邦(bang)有道(dao)。危(wei)(wei)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)足(zu)以牖世。邦(bang)無道(dao)。遜言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)足(zu)以保身。詩曰既明(ming)且哲(zhe)。以保其(qi)(qi)身。明(ming)者(zhe)耳目之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事。哲(zhe)者(zhe)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)辭(ci)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事。故(gu)哲(zhe)從口(kou)(kou)。否(fou)世危(wei)(wei)殆。唯慎(shen)口(kou)(kou)以自晦。所謂遵養(yang)者(zhe)。必(bi)先其(qi)(qi)口(kou)(kou)。善(shan)其(qi)(qi)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)辭(ci)。養(yang)指養(yang)身而(er)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)。尤(you)莫大(da)于(yu)養(yang)氣(qi)。言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)辭(ci)傷氣(qi)。與非其(qi)(qi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)。是不獨失言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)。且損其(qi)(qi)氣(qi)矣(yi)(yi)。蓋言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能人(ren)(ren)(ren)者(zhe)。吾氣(qi)猶舒。言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不人(ren)(ren)(ren)反(fan)(fan)其(qi)(qi)惡聲(sheng)。則氣(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)抑郁(yu)。心(xin)(xin)身受其(qi)(qi)病矣(yi)(yi)。故(gu)圣人(ren)(ren)(ren)教(jiao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)處危(wei)(wei)亂之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)世。必(bi)謹于(yu)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)行。而(er)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)在行先。此否(fou)字(zi)從不口(kou)(kou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)義也(ye)(ye)。反(fan)(fan)否(fou)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)泰。泰互兌為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)說言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)。是泰為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)可(ke)(ke)(ke)言(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)時(shi)。否(fou)卦與之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)反(fan)(fan)。故(gu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)不口(kou)(kou)。明(ming)其(qi)(qi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)毋多口(kou)(kou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)時(shi)。其(qi)(qi)旨(zhi)甚(shen)深(shen)遠矣(yi)(yi)。蓋觀此。即足(zu)以知時(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)安危(wei)(wei)。國之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)治亂。不獨于(yu)一(yi)己之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)宜守貞也(ye)(ye)。且將以此戒其(qi)(qi)他(ta)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)君子(zi)。故(gu)觀辭(ci)明(ming)意。古人(ren)(ren)(ren)命名擇字(zi)。非茍(gou)焉者(zhe)。讀者(zhe)其(qi)(qi)識(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。
否之匪人(ren)不利君(jun)子貞大往小來
此全(quan)(quan)卦彖辭。總示否(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)卦之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)用(yong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。否(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)匪(fei)(fei)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)。與(yu)(yu)前比卦、比之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)匪(fei)(fei)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)。義(yi)(yi)大(da)(da)同(tong)。言(yan)(yan)(yan)否(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)(wei)道(dao)(dao)。非(fei)(fei)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)所(suo)宜。唯匪(fei)(fei)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)所(suo)最適也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)字(zi)(zi)(zi)有(you)相與(yu)(yu)、與(yu)(yu)字(zi)(zi)(zi)意謂否(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)所(suo)以(yi)(yi)與(yu)(yu)匪(fei)(fei)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。若(ruo)曰(yue)(yue)當(dang)否(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)時。天(tian)所(suo)以(yi)(yi)與(yu)(yu)匪(fei)(fei)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)耳。匪(fei)(fei)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)非(fei)(fei)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)道(dao)(dao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)。亦(yi)(yi)(yi)即(ji)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。否(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)時世(shi)。小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)道(dao)(dao)長、故(gu)(gu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。夫否(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)與(yu)(yu)泰(tai)(tai)反。泰(tai)(tai)宜君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)子(zi)(zi)(zi)。則(ze)否(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)宜小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)。此陰(yin)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)消長之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)義(yi)(yi)。善惡(e)代謝之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)途。天(tian)道(dao)(dao)有(you)固(gu)然者(zhe)(zhe)。當(dang)否(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)而(er)用(yong)否(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)。以(yi)(yi)伸其(qi)(qi)志。以(yi)(yi)達其(qi)(qi)道(dao)(dao)。自非(fei)(fei)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)子(zi)(zi)(zi)所(suo)能。君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)子(zi)(zi)(zi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)屑也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)為(wei)(wei)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。亦(yi)(yi)(yi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)許之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。否(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)塞(sai)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。道(dao)(dao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)晦也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。德之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乖也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)子(zi)(zi)(zi)以(yi)(yi)道(dao)(dao)德成名(ming)。道(dao)(dao)晦德乖。安(an)以(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)子(zi)(zi)(zi)哉。故(gu)(gu)否(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)匪(fei)(fei)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)一句。為(wei)(wei)全(quan)(quan)卦綱要。亦(yi)(yi)(yi)明(ming)示否(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)利(li)(li)(li)(li)于君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)子(zi)(zi)(zi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)利(li)(li)(li)(li)者(zhe)(zhe)、不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)宜也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)順也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)子(zi)(zi)(zi)貞(zhen)。與(yu)(yu)上不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)利(li)(li)(li)(li)應一氣讀。言(yan)(yan)(yan)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)利(li)(li)(li)(li)于君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)子(zi)(zi)(zi)。而(er)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)子(zi)(zi)(zi)自貞(zhen)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。古文簡約(yue)以(yi)(yi)一君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)子(zi)(zi)(zi)連上下句。果釋其(qi)(qi)義(yi)(yi)。則(ze)當(dang)曰(yue)(yue)、不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)利(li)(li)(li)(li)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)子(zi)(zi)(zi)。君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)子(zi)(zi)(zi)貞(zhen)。方明(ming)顯(xian)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。蓋不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)利(li)(li)(li)(li)云者(zhe)(zhe)、指君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)子(zi)(zi)(zi)。而(er)非(fei)(fei)概論小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)。若(ruo)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)、則(ze)正(zheng)所(suo)利(li)(li)(li)(li)矣。故(gu)(gu)上有(you)否(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)匪(fei)(fei)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)句。譬之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)邪淫奸盜之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)。君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)子(zi)(zi)(zi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)為(wei)(wei)。小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)則(ze)優為(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。處(chu)(chu)此世(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。行(xing)此行(xing)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)唯小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)是利(li)(li)(li)(li)。將誰利(li)(li)(li)(li)乎。泰(tai)(tai)亦(yi)(yi)(yi)有(you)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)利(li)(li)(li)(li)者(zhe)(zhe)。則(ze)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。否(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)利(li)(li)(li)(li)。專(zhuan)屬君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)子(zi)(zi)(zi)。故(gu)(gu)否(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)與(yu)(yu)泰(tai)(tai)。不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得以(yi)(yi)利(li)(li)(li)(li)害(hai)(hai)斷(duan)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)利(li)(li)(li)(li)。正(zheng)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)子(zi)(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)害(hai)(hai)耳。唯君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)子(zi)(zi)(zi)處(chu)(chu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)利(li)(li)(li)(li)。尚有(you)自全(quan)(quan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)(dao)。以(yi)(yi)免于害(hai)(hai)。則(ze)守貞(zhen)是也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。否(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)以(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)否(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)塞(sai)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。以(yi)(yi)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)子(zi)(zi)(zi)自貞(zhen)。不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)用(yong)于世(shi)。而(er)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)道(dao)(dao)遂絕。所(suo)謂邪說(shuo)詖行(xing)。充塞(sai)仁義(yi)(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)謂也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。仁義(yi)(yi)充塞(sai)。世(shi)道(dao)(dao)困難。斯謂之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)否(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)。人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)道(dao)(dao)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)行(xing)。人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)生日苦(ku)。否(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)塞(sai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)害(hai)(hai)。又(you)(you)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)獨不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)利(li)(li)(li)(li)于君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)子(zi)(zi)(zi)已也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。然君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)子(zi)(zi)(zi)茍能自全(quan)(quan)。道(dao)(dao)猶有(you)托。遯世(shi)無悶。德猶自存。則(ze)否(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)(wei)否(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)。不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)過一時之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)困窮耳。天(tian)道(dao)(dao)好還。物(wu)極必反。此否(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)有(you)終(zhong)。而(er)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)子(zi)(zi)(zi)非(fei)(fei)竟絕也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。在泰(tai)(tai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)世(shi)。小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)猶有(you)存者(zhe)(zhe)。泰(tai)(tai)極時遷。小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)又(you)(you)起。否(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)世(shi)。君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)子(zi)(zi)(zi)亦(yi)(yi)(yi)有(you)存者(zhe)(zhe)。否(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)窮時復。君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)子(zi)(zi)(zi)仍(reng)出。故(gu)(gu)二(er)卦、以(yi)(yi)大(da)(da)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)往(wang)(wang)來(lai)四字(zi)(zi)(zi)象之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。大(da)(da)往(wang)(wang)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)來(lai)。小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)往(wang)(wang)大(da)(da)來(lai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)反也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。大(da)(da)如大(da)(da)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)。小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)如小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)。泰(tai)(tai)則(ze)大(da)(da)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)來(lai)。否(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)則(ze)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)至。而(er)以(yi)(yi)陰(yin)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)言(yan)(yan)(yan)。則(ze)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)往(wang)(wang)陰(yin)來(lai)。亦(yi)(yi)(yi)與(yu)(yu)泰(tai)(tai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)陰(yin)往(wang)(wang)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)來(lai)同(tong)。往(wang)(wang)者(zhe)(zhe)去也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)、退也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。來(lai)者(zhe)(zhe)進也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)、升也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。辭概天(tian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)言(yan)(yan)(yan)。故(gu)(gu)僅云大(da)(da)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)往(wang)(wang)來(lai)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。夫否(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)世(shi)。匪(fei)(fei)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)得用(yong)。君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)子(zi)(zi)(zi)退藏。利(li)(li)(li)(li)害(hai)(hai)皆人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)受之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。而(er)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)子(zi)(zi)(zi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)來(lai)。其(qi)(qi)禍(huo)甚(shen)于福。是往(wang)(wang)來(lai)亦(yi)(yi)(yi)賅吉(ji)兇(xiong)言(yan)(yan)(yan)。猶曰(yue)(yue)損(sun)者(zhe)(zhe)大(da)(da)。而(er)益者(zhe)(zhe)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)。即(ji)為(wei)(wei)兇(xiong)咎者(zhe)(zhe)多。為(wei)(wei)吉(ji)祥者(zhe)(zhe)少也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。往(wang)(wang)有(you)減損(sun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)義(yi)(yi)。來(lai)有(you)加益之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)義(yi)(yi)。大(da)(da)往(wang)(wang)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)來(lai)。足(zu)(zu)(zu)見否(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)世(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)非(fei)(fei)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)道(dao)(dao)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。所(suo)謂君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)子(zi)(zi)(zi)貞(zhen)者(zhe)(zhe)。人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)道(dao)(dao)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。其(qi)(qi)余(yu)皆指天(tian)道(dao)(dao)。以(yi)(yi)天(tian)道(dao)(dao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)否(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)。唯貞(zhen)足(zu)(zu)(zu)勝之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。唯君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)子(zi)(zi)(zi)能之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。故(gu)(gu)否(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言(yan)(yan)(yan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)道(dao)(dao)。不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)外(wai)于貞(zhen)。利(li)(li)(li)(li)貞(zhen)相隨。小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)利(li)(li)(li)(li)。則(ze)失其(qi)(qi)貞(zhen)。君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)子(zi)(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)貞(zhen)。終(zhong)獲其(qi)(qi)利(li)(li)(li)(li)。辭舉此二(er)字(zi)(zi)(zi)。明(ming)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)定足(zu)(zu)(zu)以(yi)(yi)勝天(tian)。此文王(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)心(xin)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。文王(wang)處(chu)(chu)紂之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)世(shi)。獨能自全(quan)(quan)。以(yi)(yi)開有(you)周八百年之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)基業。非(fei)(fei)以(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)貞(zhen)乎。非(fei)(fei)以(yi)(yi)貞(zhen)而(er)終(zhong)利(li)(li)(li)(li)乎。非(fei)(fei)以(yi)(yi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)力勝天(tian)乎。故(gu)(gu)否(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)可(ke)憂(you)而(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)足(zu)(zu)(zu)憂(you)。憂(you)在君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)子(zi)(zi)(zi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)貞(zhen)。不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)憂(you)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)得利(li)(li)(li)(li)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。
易卦泰否相反。而吉(ji)兇不與焉。蓋以正邪為辨耳。君子之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)吉(ji)。則小人之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)兇。小人之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)亨。則君子之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)否。此數使然。如夏宜葛(ge)。而冬宜裘，非時(shi)者殃。罪不在裘葛(ge)也。當泰之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)世。君子道長。非君子之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)謀也。而皆得用焉。以時(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)宜也。當否之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)世。小人道長。非小人之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)幸也。亦時(shi)
宜耳。故(gu)(gu)易彖(tuan)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)大小(xiao)(xiao)往來(lai)四字斷之(zhi)。言(yan)天數之(zhi)所(suo)致(zhi)。而人(ren)(ren)(ren)事必因時(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)興廢焉。故(gu)(gu)在泰有吉有兇(xiong)。在否亦然(ran)(ran)。君(jun)子(zi)所(suo)可(ke)(ke)者(zhe)(zhe)。小(xiao)(xiao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)或以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)為末可(ke)(ke)。而小(xiao)(xiao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)所(suo)可(ke)(ke)者(zhe)(zhe)。君(jun)子(zi)不(bu)屑興辨。蓋志(zhi)不(bu)同也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。君(jun)子(zi)志(zhi)退(tui)(tui)。其(qi)進(jin)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)亦退(tui)(tui)。小(xiao)(xiao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)志(zhi)進(jin)。其(qi)退(tui)(tui)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)亦進(jin)。君(jun)子(zi)求己(ji)。故(gu)(gu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)退(tui)(tui)為正(zheng)。小(xiao)(xiao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)求人(ren)(ren)(ren)。故(gu)(gu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)進(jin)為榮。是(shi)二者(zhe)(zhe)之(zhi)吉兇(xiong)。又判然(ran)(ran)矣。順時(shi)(shi)迪吉。以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)達(da)其(qi)道。君(jun)子(zi)之(zhi)于(yu)泰也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)如(ru)是(shi)。如(ru)否也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)亦然(ran)(ran)。逆(ni)時(shi)(shi)僥幸。以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)徇其(qi)欲。小(xiao)(xiao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)于(yu)否也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)如(ru)是(shi)。如(ru)泰也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)何莫不(bu)然(ran)(ran)。故(gu)(gu)吉兇(xiong)之(zhi)定，當(dang)視其(qi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)。非以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)卦爻斷也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。而小(xiao)(xiao)大則得(de)而分焉。往來(lai)則得(de)而明(ming)焉。天理人(ren)(ren)(ren)欲之(zhi)謂(wei)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。故(gu)(gu)在君(jun)子(zi)時(shi)(shi)保其(qi)貞(zhen)。以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)致(zhi)其(qi)亨。在小(xiao)(xiao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)時(shi)(shi)冀其(qi)亨。而忘于(yu)貞(zhen)。一(yi)求諸中而有余(yu)。一(yi)取諸外而不(bu)足。此(ci)則君(jun)子(zi)小(xiao)(xiao)入所(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)異。而泰否之(zhi)所(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)反(fan)其(qi)類。固正(zheng)邪之(zhi)別(bie)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。吉兇(xiong)無與焉。
彖曰：否(fou)之匪人(ren)不利(li)君(jun)子貞大往小來則是天地不交(jiao)而萬物不通也(ye)上下不交(jiao)而天下無邦也(ye)內(nei)(nei)(nei)陰而外陽內(nei)(nei)(nei)柔而外剛內(nei)(nei)(nei)小人(ren)而外君(jun)子小人(ren)道長君(jun)子道消也(ye)
此申(shen)釋彖(tuan)辭(ci)之(zhi)(zhi)義。明否(fou)之(zhi)(zhi)時(shi)運全與(yu)泰反。以(yi)否(fou)卦(gua)上(shang)乾下(xia)坤。上(shang)陽下(xia)陰(yin)。是(shi)(shi)為內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)柔外(wai)(wai)(wai)剛。內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)陰(yin)外(wai)(wai)(wai)陽。內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)順外(wai)(wai)(wai)健。內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)偶外(wai)(wai)(wai)奇。內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)外(wai)(wai)(wai)相(xiang)背。而(er)(er)(er)全失交易之(zhi)(zhi)用。故(gu)(gu)為內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)小人(ren)(ren)(ren)。外(wai)(wai)(wai)君(jun)子(zi)(zi)。此內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)外(wai)(wai)(wai)二字。當出納二字講(jiang)。猶曰(yue)納小人(ren)(ren)(ren)、而(er)(er)(er)出君(jun)子(zi)(zi)也。蓋(gai)否(fou)時(shi)小人(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)利。故(gu)(gu)能(neng)安(an)居高位(wei)。而(er)(er)(er)君(jun)子(zi)(zi)反逃亡在(zai)外(wai)(wai)(wai)。不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)見用。故(gu)(gu)曰(yue)小人(ren)(ren)(ren)道長。君(jun)子(zi)(zi)道消(xiao)也。所謂萬(wan)物(wu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)通(tong)(tong)。指(zhi)一切言。不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)通(tong)(tong)者(zhe)、不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)亨通(tong)(tong)也。無(wu)論何物(wu)。非能(neng)獨生(sheng)獨存者(zhe)。必與(yu)他(ta)物(wu)交。而(er)(er)(er)后遂其生(sheng)養。全其發(fa)育(yu)。故(gu)(gu)陽以(yi)陰(yin)為養。陰(yin)以(yi)陽為生(sheng)。此定例也。今(jin)否(fou)陰(yin)陽背馳。生(sheng)養皆(jie)絕。此所以(yi)為不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)通(tong)(tong)也。不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)通(tong)(tong)則生(sheng)存不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)久(jiu)。不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)久(jiu)則窮且(qie)盡矣(yi)。無(wu)邦(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)者(zhe)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)成(cheng)國也。不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)相(xiang)和合。不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)相(xiang)友(you)助。是(shi)(shi)猶散(san)沙一團。雖(sui)聚不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)結。雖(sui)多不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)凝。是(shi)(shi)雖(sui)有(you)民而(er)(er)(er)無(wu)國也。故(gu)(gu)曰(yue)無(wu)邦(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)。且(qie)邦(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)國之(zhi)(zhi)本、民也。民之(zhi)(zhi)所歸，德(de)也。上(shang)有(you)德(de)政(zheng)。民心乃固。邦(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)本乃立。今(jin)君(jun)子(zi)(zi)在(zai)野。小人(ren)(ren)(ren)在(zai)朝。政(zheng)令淫亂。德(de)教不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)行。是(shi)(shi)其本已傾。有(you)邦(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)亦無(wu)邦(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)也。無(wu)邦(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)久(jiu)。不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)久(jiu)則亡且(qie)滅(mie)矣(yi)。此否(fou)之(zhi)(zhi)為時(shi)。已將由(you)極亂而(er)(er)(er)轉入治(zhi)。由(you)極危而(er)(er)(er)轉入安(an)。蓋(gai)勢之(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)久(jiu)。而(er)(er)(er)事之(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)持(chi)也。故(gu)(gu)君(jun)子(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)黜(chu)、無(wu)害于其身。雖(sui)窮無(wu)礙于其道。則唯以(yi)貞(zhen)自保。以(yi)貞(zhen)而(er)(er)(er)守(shou)。則順時(shi)迪吉(ji)。以(yi)貞(zhen)而(er)(er)(er)行。則善與(yu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)同。故(gu)(gu)能(neng)終救否(fou)之(zhi)(zhi)災。而(er)(er)(er)挽回無(wu)邦(bang)(bang)(bang)(bang)之(zhi)(zhi)害。通(tong)(tong)天地之(zhi)(zhi)塞。而(er)(er)(er)育(yu)成(cheng)萬(wan)物(wu)之(zhi)(zhi)亨也。此皆(jie)君(jun)子(zi)(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)責(ze)。亦文王著易之(zhi)(zhi)初心。故(gu)(gu)彖(tuan)語申(shen)以(yi)君(jun)子(zi)(zi)貞(zhen)三字也。
否卦所(suo)指(zhi)乃(nai)時(shi)運之(zhi)否。其象包括一(yi)切。蓋天(tian)地不交、而(er)陰陽背道也(ye)(ye)。故(gu)(gu)占得(de)否者。君子則(ze)退。小(xiao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)則(ze)進。正如暮夜(ye)為賊盜(dao)之(zhi)利也(ye)(ye)。合之(zhi)入事(shi)。宜于(yu)(yu)詭詐。而(er)忌光明(ming)。宜于(yu)(yu)陰險。而(er)忌坦白。以時(shi)勢然也(ye)(ye)。必終于(yu)(yu)大亂。則(ze)否塞(sai)不能(neng)(neng)亨(heng)通。不能(neng)(neng)大同。則(ze)唯各(ge)私(si)其私(si)。各(ge)黨其黨。以利相結(jie)。以欺相蒙(meng)。故(gu)(gu)不可持久。久則(ze)內哄起。而(er)團(tuan)體散漫矣。小(xiao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)為國(guo)。災害并至。人(ren)(ren)(ren)事(shi)所(suo)召。理數應之(zhi)。故(gu)(gu)當(dang)否之(zhi)世。道晦(hui)德亡。仁義不用。所(suo)得(de)時(shi)者。皆慘毒(du)淫邪之(zhi)行(xing)。陰氣所(suo)發也(ye)(ye)。故(gu)(gu)彖辭(ci)天(tian)下無(wu)邦(bang)。邦(bang)猶(you)幫也(ye)(ye)。相助也(ye)(ye)。今(jin)自私(si)自利。是(shi)無(wu)邦(bang)也(ye)(ye)。無(wu)邦(bang)即無(wu)國(guo)。民不愛其上。則(ze)共棄(qi)其國(guo)也(ye)(ye)。豈真無(wu)國(guo)哉。有猶(you)無(wu)也(ye)(ye)。故(gu)(gu)否之(zhi)匪(fei)人(ren)(ren)(ren)一(yi)語。正明(ming)否之(zhi)害于(yu)(yu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)國(guo)。而(er)徒利于(yu)(yu)匪(fei)人(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)一(yi)時(shi)耳。君子當(dang)如之(zhi)何。日遯(dun)世以存道。結(jie)友以蓄(xu)德。侍時(shi)而(er)起。以救(jiu)大眾(zhong)。此彖辭(ci)之(zhi)旨也(ye)(ye)。
象(xiang)曰：天(tian)地不(bu)(bu)交否君子以儉德(de)辟難不(bu)(bu)可榮以祿
此全卦象辭(ci)。申言(yan)君(jun)(jun)子(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)處(chu)(chu)否(fou)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。在(zai)(zai)泰為(wei)君(jun)(jun)子(zi)見用之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)時(shi)(shi)(shi)。得行其(qi)(qi)志(zhi)(zhi)。自宜出以(yi)(yi)善世(shi)。而(er)光大其(qi)(qi)道(dao)(dao)。則高位厚祿(lu)(lu)(lu)。應有之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)分(fen)。報施(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)理然也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。若(ruo)在(zai)(zai)否(fou)時(shi)(shi)(shi)。君(jun)(jun)子(zi)道(dao)(dao)消。其(qi)(qi)道(dao)(dao)不(bu)(bu)(bu)行。其(qi)(qi)志(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)遂。是宜潛形(xing)遁世(shi)。自保其(qi)(qi)身(shen)(shen)(shen)。雖貧賤勿辭(ci)。故(gu)(gu)當(dang)斯時(shi)(shi)(shi)。唯安(an)于(yu)儉(jian)素。以(yi)(yi)刻苦(ku)自勵。以(yi)(yi)淡泊自甘。故(gu)(gu)曰君(jun)(jun)子(zi)以(yi)(yi)儉(jian)德辟(pi)難。辟(pi)有二(er)義(yi)(yi)。一為(wei)以(yi)(yi)身(shen)(shen)(shen)遠難。是避(bi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。一為(wei)以(yi)(yi)德屏難。是辟(pi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。古通用。原賅(gai)二(er)義(yi)(yi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。以(yi)(yi)能(neng)儉(jian)。則能(neng)安(an)貧。能(neng)無求(qiu)。則能(neng)自潔。而(er)難不(bu)(bu)(bu)及焉。人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)賴(lai)以(yi)(yi)生養者。衣食居處(chu)(chu)。茍(gou)無貪圖(tu)肥美安(an)逸(yi)。則隨遇(yu)而(er)足(zu)。不(bu)(bu)(bu)復(fu)沾(zhan)沾(zhan)于(yu)利。規規于(yu)名(ming)(ming)。不(bu)(bu)(bu)干非分(fen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)財。不(bu)(bu)(bu)希(xi)難得之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物。則雖敞衣粗食陋室(shi)亦足(zu)以(yi)(yi)自樂其(qi)(qi)樂。奚有榮(rong)于(yu)官祿(lu)(lu)(lu)哉。不(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)榮(rong)以(yi)(yi)祿(lu)(lu)(lu)者。重(zhong)言(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。謂(wei)當(dang)退黜之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)時(shi)(shi)(shi)。不(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)役身(shen)(shen)(shen)為(wei)官祿(lu)(lu)(lu)。不(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)與小人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)同流合污。自遭其(qi)(qi)禍耳(er)。在(zai)(zai)己自堅其(qi)(qi)節。不(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)官祿(lu)(lu)(lu)為(wei)榮(rong)。在(zai)(zai)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)以(yi)(yi)道(dao)(dao)不(bu)(bu)(bu)同。不(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)官祿(lu)(lu)(lu)相誘。皆君(jun)(jun)子(zi)貞(zhen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)義(yi)(yi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。君(jun)(jun)子(zi)自貞(zhen)。則無求(qiu)于(yu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)。人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)亦不(bu)(bu)(bu)得而(er)挽焉。故(gu)(gu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)榮(rong)以(yi)(yi)祿(lu)(lu)(lu)一語。極言(yan)君(jun)(jun)子(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)守(shou)貞(zhen)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。女守(shou)貞(zhen)弗(fu)字。男守(shou)貞(zhen)弗(fu)仕。一也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。否(fou)泰指時(shi)(shi)(shi)勢言(yan)。皆政治進退之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事。故(gu)(gu)專(zhuan)指君(jun)(jun)子(zi)小人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一消一長。而(er)在(zai)(zai)否(fou)為(wei)不(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)仕。不(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)用時(shi)(shi)(shi)。若(ruo)勉(mian)強求(qiu)容。必終受其(qi)(qi)害(hai)。不(bu)(bu)(bu)傾其(qi)(qi)身(shen)(shen)(shen)。則毀(hui)其(qi)(qi)名(ming)(ming)。如附和小人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)。如脂如韋(wei)。以(yi)(yi)茍(gou)且偷安(an)。是失節也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。如主持正(zheng)義(yi)(yi)。不(bu)(bu)(bu)撓不(bu)(bu)(bu)屈。以(yi)(yi)從容殉道(dao)(dao)。是危身(shen)(shen)(shen)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。危身(shen)(shen)(shen)而(er)有益于(yu)時(shi)(shi)(shi)。忠盡之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)士。猶可(ke)(ke)(ke)為(wei)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。若(ruo)徒殉時(shi)(shi)(shi)而(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)濟(ji)難。是昧惑之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)夫(fu)。不(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)為(wei)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。況明知其(qi)(qi)否(fou)。而(er)為(wei)榮(rong)祿(lu)(lu)(lu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)圖(tu)。明知其(qi)(qi)艱。而(er)忘(wang)堅貞(zhen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)守(shou)。是于(yu)事于(yu)義(yi)(yi)。一無所(suo)可(ke)(ke)(ke)。故(gu)(gu)象辭(ci)明言(yan)其(qi)(qi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。
初(chu)六：拔芽茹以其匯貞吉(ji)亨
此(ci)否(fou)初(chu)六爻(yao)(yao)辭(ci)。與泰(tai)初(chu)爻(yao)(yao)辭(ci)同(tong)而(er)(er)(er)實(shi)異也(ye)(ye)(ye)。茅茹其(qi)匯。巳見泰(tai)卦釋(shi)義。所(suo)(suo)異者(zhe)(zhe)。泰(tai)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)征吉(ji)。否(fou)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)貞(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)吉(ji)。蓋泰(tai)陽在(zai)下。主(zhu)上升。主(zhu)外發。故(gu)曰(yue)征吉(ji)。否(fou)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)陰在(zai)下。主(zhu)下降。主(zhu)內(nei)反(fan)(fan)。故(gu)曰(yue)貞(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)吉(ji)。能貞(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)始(shi)(shi)吉(ji)。能吉(ji)始(shi)(shi)亨(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)。否(fou)本不(bu)亨(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)。而(er)(er)(er)貞(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)則(ze)亨(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)。以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)能順(shun)(shun)否(fou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)時(shi)(shi)。反(fan)(fan)否(fou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)(dao)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。夫(fu)同(tong)一(yi)拔(ba)(ba)茅而(er)(er)(er)時(shi)(shi)殊。同(tong)一(yi)用茅而(er)(er)(er)利(li)殊。則(ze)所(suo)(suo)得(de)失已大異。如(ru)在(zai)春。志(zhi)于(yu)長(chang)育。則(ze)拔(ba)(ba)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)培其(qi)生(sheng)。如(ru)在(zai)秋。志(zhi)于(yu)枯殺(sha)(sha)(sha)。則(ze)拔(ba)(ba)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)促其(qi)命(ming)。否(fou)者(zhe)(zhe)秋殺(sha)(sha)(sha)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)令也(ye)(ye)(ye)。而(er)(er)(er)初(chu)爻(yao)(yao)、其(qi)始(shi)(shi)動也(ye)(ye)(ye)。以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)殺(sha)(sha)(sha)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)志(zhi)。則(ze)不(bu)可亨(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)。亨(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)于(yu)物(wu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)亨(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)。殺(sha)(sha)(sha)則(ze)不(bu)亨(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)。今(jin)日亨(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)者(zhe)(zhe)。有(you)殺(sha)(sha)(sha)而(er)(er)(er)亨(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)。有(you)不(bu)殺(sha)(sha)(sha)而(er)(er)(er)亨(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)。如(ru)乘時(shi)(shi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)亂(luan)。以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)行其(qi)暴(bao)。亦一(yi)時(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)亨(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。如(ru)因(yin)時(shi)(shi)而(er)(er)(er)晦。自安其(qi)貞(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)。亦一(yi)人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)亨(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。蓋天道(dao)(dao)無常。而(er)(er)(er)人(ren)道(dao)(dao)有(you)定(ding)。春生(sheng)秋殺(sha)(sha)(sha)。天之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)(dao)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。行仁履義。人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)(dao)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。順(shun)(shun)天道(dao)(dao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)亨(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)。則(ze)所(suo)(suo)謂(wei)否(fou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)匪人(ren)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。守人(ren)道(dao)(dao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)亨(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)。則(ze)所(suo)(suo)謂(wei)君(jun)(jun)子(zi)貞(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。故(gu)爻(yao)(yao)辭(ci)吉(ji)亨(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)在(zai)貞(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)字下。而(er)(er)(er)吉(ji)屬(shu)貞(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)言。亨(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)則(ze)通釋(shi)一(yi)爻(yao)(yao)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。小人(ren)得(de)志(zhi)。小人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)亨(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。而(er)(er)(er)非君(jun)(jun)子(zi)所(suo)(suo)宜。君(jun)(jun)子(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)亨(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)。全在(zai)貞(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)吉(ji)。以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)君(jun)(jun)子(zi)有(you)道(dao)(dao)自亨(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)其(qi)身耳。若曰(yue)亨(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)于(yu)物(wu)。則(ze)誤矣。又初(chu)六氣之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)始(shi)(shi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。君(jun)(jun)子(zi)道(dao)(dao)逍亦未甚也(ye)(ye)(ye)。果因(yin)時(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)貞(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)。善(shan)道(dao)(dao)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)藏(zang)。其(qi)亨(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)亦宜。唯(wei)爻(yao)(yao)辭(ci)明言貞(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)吉(ji)矣。則(ze)處此(ci)時(shi)(shi)唯(wei)貞(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)乃吉(ji)。貞(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)者(zhe)(zhe)自反(fan)(fan)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)誠。堅(jian)固其(qi)節之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)謂(wei)。不(bu)求(qiu)于(yu)外。所(suo)(suo)亨(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)一(yi)已。倘(tang)違時(shi)(shi)求(qiu)亨(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)。是反(fan)(fan)貞(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。安得(de)亨(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)乎。乾德曰(yue)亨(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)。坤德曰(yue)貞(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)。恰為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)因(yin)果。正相照應。必辨其(qi)先(xian)后也(ye)(ye)(ye)。先(xian)亨(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)者(zhe)(zhe)由乾之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)(dao)。泰(tai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)時(shi)(shi)。否(fou)則(ze)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)貞(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)。二(er)者(zhe)(zhe)皆以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)君(jun)(jun)子(zi)言。以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)易教本人(ren)道(dao)(dao)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。人(ren)道(dao)(dao)寄于(yu)君(jun)(jun)子(zi)。而(er)(er)(er)毀于(yu)小人(ren)。故(gu)先(xian)貞(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)者(zhe)(zhe)。君(jun)(jun)子(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)分也(ye)(ye)(ye)。貞(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)則(ze)重內(nei)。其(qi)主(zhu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)一(yi)國(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)君(jun)(jun)。為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)一(yi)人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)心。以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)否(fou)關政治。是所(suo)(suo)貞(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)在(zai)君(jun)(jun)子(zi)貞(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)則(ze)否(fou)不(bu)害。且(qie)反(fan)(fan)吉(ji)亨(heng)(heng)(heng)(heng)矣。
象曰：拔茅貞吉志在君也
此申釋(shi)爻辭之(zhi)(zhi)義也(ye)。君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)為否(fou)泰之(zhi)(zhi)主。否(fou)泰由君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)致之(zhi)(zhi)。設時(shi)已否(fou)。求其挽救之(zhi)(zhi)道。仍在君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)也(ye)。君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)果艱貞自(zi)勵。亂賊是防。則(ze)吉亨猶可占也(ye)。且下(xia)爻之(zhi)(zhi)用應于(yu)上(shang)(shang)(shang)。卦(gua)上(shang)(shang)(shang)為乾。亦君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)象也(ye)。初六之(zhi)(zhi)貞。正望(wang)于(yu)上(shang)(shang)(shang)卦(gua)之(zhi)(zhi)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)。言開示其道。冀(ji)君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)省察也(ye)。譬(pi)如(ru)國之(zhi)(zhi)將亂。君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)子(zi)以去就悟君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)。不(bu)敢戀(lian)于(yu)位祿。而(er)坐視危亡之(zhi)(zhi)至。唯自(zi)貞以善(shan)其君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)。故曰(yue)志在君(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)也(ye)。
否(fou)卦雖否(fou)塞。仍(reng)屬陰陽平均之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)卦。三陰三陽。各(ge)從其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)類。不(bu)相干亂。則(ze)君(jun)子與小人(ren)(ren)(ren)各(ge)異其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)趣。盡(jin)能自(zi)(zi)善其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)身。各(ge)行(xing)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)是(shi)。故(gu)否(fou)亦有吉(ji)。占亦稱(cheng)亨也。唯(wei)(wei)陰陽不(bu)抱(bao)。不(bu)得協和以(yi)(yi)生成(cheng)萬(wan)物耳。故(gu)在否(fou)為(wei)個人(ren)(ren)(ren)計。原非(fei)大難。只要守堅貞之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)志(zhi)。持潔(jie)(jie)白(bai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)。仍(reng)能出處自(zi)(zi)如。不(bu)至進退(tui)(tui)失據。故(gu)初(chu)爻拔茅(mao)連茹。而得吉(ji)亨。可(ke)(ke)(ke)見君(jun)子自(zi)(zi)君(jun)子。小人(ren)(ren)(ren)自(zi)(zi)小人(ren)(ren)(ren)。不(bu)相混(hun)也。不(bu)混(hun)則(ze)吉(ji)亨矣。君(jun)子之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)仕。必求有益(yi)于(yu)時。當否(fou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)初(chu)。君(jun)子尚在位也。唯(wei)(wei)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)趨勢日(ri)惡(e)。凜然不(bu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)久留。履霜堅冰(bing)。識(shi)幾貴早(zao)。故(gu)決然以(yi)(yi)貞自(zi)(zi)矢(shi)。以(yi)(yi)退(tui)(tui)為(wei)志(zhi)。而心不(bu)敢遽忘其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)君(jun)。思(si)有以(yi)(yi)悟之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，于(yu)是(shi)連類告休。竭忠諫諍。是(shi)出于(yu)不(bu)得已。非(fei)要君(jun)也。故(gu)挈群同(tong)退(tui)(tui)。不(bu)失其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)吉(ji)亨。正如拔茅(mao)不(bu)失其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)潔(jie)(jie)白(bai)。雖枯(ku)萎(wei)不(bu)辭。終能致(zhi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)用予祭祀。貢其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)凈體。以(yi)(yi)待人(ren)(ren)(ren)摘取。其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)志(zhi)可(ke)(ke)(ke)嘉。其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)行(xing)可(ke)(ke)(ke)重。故(gu)貞吉(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)語。釋文謂其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)志(zhi)在君(jun)也。即所以(yi)(yi)明其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)忠盡(jin)、與堅潔(jie)(jie)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)忱。究(jiu)異乎(hu)小人(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)旅進旅退(tui)(tui)也。
講義多切(qie)于亂(luan)時自處之(zhi)道(dao)。而重在(zai)一貞字。貞與亨對。一內一外(wai)能有諸(zhu)內。方形于外(wai)。故(gu)求(qiu)亨必先貞。此(ci)人道(dao)之(zhi)本(ben)也。貞字所包最廣。且為將來同人之(zhi)基。救(jiu)否必賴同人。是(shi)責在(zai)在(zai)野之(zhi)君(jun)子也。勉哉君(jun)子。勖哉君(jun)子貞。
六(liu)二：包承(cheng)小人吉大人否亨
此(ci)(ci)否(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)六(liu)二爻辭(ci)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。六(liu)二爻之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)用、與初(chu)六(liu)爻畧異(yi)。初(chu)六(liu)為(wei)否(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)始(shi)。君(jun)(jun)(jun)子(zi)(zi)猶可連類自退(tui)。希悟其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)上(shang)。至六(liu)二、否(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)已將(jiang)甚。非(fei)(fei)復(fu)(fu)進退(tui)可爭。去(qu)(qu)就可救之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)時(shi)(shi)。而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)人(ren)(ren)業已得(de)志(zhi)大(da)用。傾軋(ya)排擠。不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)遺(yi)余(yu)力(li)。君(jun)(jun)(jun)子(zi)(zi)更難立足其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)間。唯有(you)(you)浩然歸里。以(yi)(yi)自守其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)貞。不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)復(fu)(fu)作挽回匡救之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)圖。故(gu)(gu)在(zai)(zai)此(ci)(ci)時(shi)(shi)。為(wei)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)人(ren)(ren)吉利(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)日。而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)君(jun)(jun)(jun)子(zi)(zi)否(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)塞之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)秋。不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)君(jun)(jun)(jun)子(zi)(zi)言(yan)大(da)人(ren)(ren)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)。以(yi)(yi)曾在(zai)(zai)位也(ye)(ye)(ye)。去(qu)(qu)位曰(yue)君(jun)(jun)(jun)子(zi)(zi)。在(zai)(zai)位曰(yue)大(da)人(ren)(ren)。今所(suo)稱(cheng)大(da)人(ren)(ren)。乃迫于(yu)時(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)否(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)塞。小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)人(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)仇恨。不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)退(tui)。非(fei)(fei)有(you)(you)過去(qu)(qu)職也(ye)(ye)(ye)。非(fei)(fei)有(you)(you)心去(qu)(qu)位也(ye)(ye)(ye)。以(yi)(yi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)去(qu)(qu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)時(shi)(shi)。當不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)去(qu)(qu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地。其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)志(zhi)雖潔(jie)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)心良苦。故(gu)(gu)雖退(tui)休。仍以(yi)(yi)大(da)人(ren)(ren)稱(cheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。包(bao)(bao)(bao)承(cheng)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)、言(yan)否(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)時(shi)(shi)與泰(tai)(tai)(tai)相(xiang)(xiang)反(fan)。而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)事有(you)(you)相(xiang)(xiang)同也(ye)(ye)(ye)。泰(tai)(tai)(tai)曰(yue)包(bao)(bao)(bao)荒(huang)。否(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)曰(yue)包(bao)(bao)(bao)承(cheng)。以(yi)(yi)陰(yin)陽皆(jie)(jie)(jie)半(ban)。而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)內(nei)外異(yi)。泰(tai)(tai)(tai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)包(bao)(bao)(bao)荒(huang)。是君(jun)(jun)(jun)子(zi)(zi)包(bao)(bao)(bao)涵小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)人(ren)(ren)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)義(yi)正(zheng)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)理(li)順(shun)。否(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)包(bao)(bao)(bao)承(cheng)。是小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)人(ren)(ren)包(bao)(bao)(bao)圍君(jun)(jun)(jun)子(zi)(zi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)義(yi)非(fei)(fei)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)理(li)逆(ni)。蓋小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)人(ren)(ren)得(de)用。無(wu)(wu)(wu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)先包(bao)(bao)(bao)圍其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)主。以(yi)(yi)蒙蔽其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)耳目。使正(zheng)言(yan)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)入。忠諫不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)聞。而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)后為(wei)所(suo)欲(yu)為(wei)。無(wu)(wu)(wu)復(fu)(fu)顧忌。承(cheng)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)、順(shun)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。受也(ye)(ye)(ye)。小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)人(ren)(ren)包(bao)(bao)(bao)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)君(jun)(jun)(jun)側。而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)順(shun)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)意旨。受其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)寵信(xin)。又(you)上(shang)下(xia)相(xiang)(xiang)比。內(nei)外相(xiang)(xiang)串。如承(cheng)流下(xia)泄。無(wu)(wu)(wu)所(suo)阻也(ye)(ye)(ye)。以(yi)(yi)否(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)群陰(yin)構難。朋(peng)黨相(xiang)(xiang)濟。故(gu)(gu)有(you)(you)此(ci)(ci)象。而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)國(guo)與君(jun)(jun)(jun)。皆(jie)(jie)(jie)受其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)害。是亡國(guo)喪君(jun)(jun)(jun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)禍(huo)。皆(jie)(jie)(jie)由小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)人(ren)(ren)一手包(bao)(bao)(bao)為(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。夫如是。則為(wei)君(jun)(jun)(jun)子(zi)(zi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)。尚能(neng)(neng)安于(yu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)職乎(hu)。舉凡君(jun)(jun)(jun)子(zi)(zi)所(suo)為(wei)、尚能(neng)(neng)見諸施布乎(hu)。所(suo)言(yan)尚能(neng)(neng)見諸信(xin)從乎(hu)。道(dao)(dao)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)同不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)相(xiang)(xiang)謀。唯有(you)(you)自退(tui)以(yi)(yi)順(shun)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)否(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)已。此(ci)(ci)所(suo)謂(wei)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)人(ren)(ren)吉。大(da)人(ren)(ren)否(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)曰(yue)亨(heng)(heng)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)。薰蕕異(yi)器。邪正(zheng)分(fen)途。君(jun)(jun)(jun)子(zi)(zi)有(you)(you)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)類也(ye)(ye)(ye)。仍不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)失(shi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)志(zhi)。故(gu)(gu)亨(heng)(heng)。且稱(cheng)亨(heng)(heng)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)。概全爻言(yan)。在(zai)(zai)君(jun)(jun)(jun)子(zi)(zi)亨(heng)(heng)于(yu)道(dao)(dao)。無(wu)(wu)(wu)往而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可。在(zai)(zai)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)人(ren)(ren)亨(heng)(heng)于(yu)利(li)。無(wu)(wu)(wu)求(qiu)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)遂。皆(jie)(jie)(jie)亨(heng)(heng)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。唯一屬于(yu)人(ren)(ren)道(dao)(dao)。一屬于(yu)物(wu)利(li)。亦(yi)如初(chu)爻之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)占也(ye)(ye)(ye)。周易重在(zai)(zai)人(ren)(ren)道(dao)(dao)。辭(ci)為(wei)君(jun)(jun)(jun)子(zi)(zi)立。故(gu)(gu)釋文(wen)解為(wei)君(jun)(jun)(jun)子(zi)(zi)亨(heng)(heng)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。以(yi)(yi)否(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)反(fan)得(de)亨(heng)(heng)。非(fei)(fei)貞不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)六(liu)二之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)亨(heng)(heng)。當內(nei)卦之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)正(zheng)。值陰(yin)盛(sheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)時(shi)(shi)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)亨(heng)(heng)誠(cheng)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)易。而(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)(er)能(neng)(neng)亨(heng)(heng)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)。以(yi)(yi)君(jun)(jun)(jun)子(zi)(zi)克同進退(tui)。不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)失(shi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)類也(ye)(ye)(ye)。亦(yi)有(you)(you)包(bao)(bao)(bao)象。與泰(tai)(tai)(tai)辭(ci)半(ban)同。泰(tai)(tai)(tai)為(wei)同進。否(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)為(wei)同退(tui)。故(gu)(gu)皆(jie)(jie)(jie)以(yi)(yi)拔茅連茹為(wei)喻(yu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。
所講為否(fou)(fou)(fou)卦(gua)要義。否(fou)(fou)(fou)以陰(yin)(yin)包陽(yang)。邪包正(zheng)。而(er)內(nei)卦(gua)三陰(yin)(yin)。皆志于包括外陽(yang)。故皆云包。惜其(qi)不正(zheng)。徒求固(gu)位專權耳(er)。泰之包為當。否(fou)(fou)(fou)則(ze)不當。君(jun)子小人(ren)(ren)之分也。而(er)文王(wang)處否(fou)(fou)(fou)之時(shi)。受小人(ren)(ren)之嫉。幽(you)囚(qiu)羑里。身知其(qi)艱，而(er)圖(tu)以人(ren)(ren)濟(ji)天。以貞(zhen)求亨。設辭側重(zhong)君(jun)子。非無由也。故謂之易教。不僅(jin)明數也。
象(xiang)曰(yue)：大人(ren)否亨不亂群也
此申釋爻辭之義(yi)也(ye)。言陰陽(yang)分居不雜。又當內貞。正(zheng)位不失。故能相連共退。不失其(qi)群而(er)順時以(yi)亨也(ye)。唯六二一爻所宜注意(yi)者。在有知幾之明。而(er)抱(bao)勇(yong)退之志(zhi)。方不為小人(ren)所間(jian)。以(yi)成其(qi)亨。若觀察夫(fu)幾。進(jin)退不決。君(jun)子已不能暫待(dai)。小人(ren)必多方羈誘。是(shi)自亂其(qi)群。終受其(qi)否矣(yi)。
六三：包羞
此(ci)否六(liu)(liu)三(san)(san)爻辭(ci)(ci)也(ye)(ye)。六(liu)(liu)三(san)(san)處上下(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)間(jian)。值陰盛(sheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地(di)。全為(wei)(wei)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)人(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)主持(chi)。在卦言(yan)。系小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)人(ren)(ren)包(bao)舉措施之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)時(shi)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)所(suo)為(wei)(wei)固無(wu)(wu)吉兇可(ke)言(yan)。而事理之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)邪(xie)(xie)正猶可(ke)辨。包(bao)羞(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)云者(zhe)。邪(xie)(xie)僻無(wu)(wu)塞(sai)。廉恥道(dao)(dao)喪(sang)。以利(li)相(xiang)從(cong)。無(wu)(wu)所(suo)羞(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)辱。故曰包(bao)羞(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)。即(ji)藏垢(gou)納污之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意。于人(ren)(ren)言(yan)。六(liu)(liu)三(san)(san)為(wei)(wei)人(ren)(ren)卦。而否之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)匪人(ren)(ren)。無(wu)(wu)人(ren)(ren)道(dao)(dao)可(ke)言(yan)。僅以小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)人(ren)(ren)肆行其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)志。人(ren)(ren)欲(yu)橫(heng)流。內無(wu)(wu)所(suo)裁。外無(wu)(wu)所(suo)制。獨行其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)是(shi)。岡(gang)恤其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)非。是(shi)為(wei)(wei)道(dao)(dao)失政亡。倫傾法壞。雖有人(ren)(ren)、與無(wu)(wu)人(ren)(ren)同(tong)。雖有國(guo)、與無(wu)(wu)國(guo)等。是(shi)世間(jian)可(ke)羞(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事。亦(yi)人(ren)(ren)類不幸之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)時(shi)。故曰包(bao)羞(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)。以其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)包(bao)含(han)一切羞(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)辱也(ye)(ye)。然卦象如此(ci)。辭(ci)(ci)義(yi)尚多(duo)。羞(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)者(zhe)兼(jian)指饈也(ye)(ye)。小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)人(ren)(ren)當國(guo)。肉食是(shi)謀。是(shi)徒務(wu)于分肥而求(qiu)逞其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)私欲(yu)也(ye)(ye)。又羞(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)者(zhe)玉食。亦(yi)珍(zhen)寶之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)謂。小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)人(ren)(ren)為(wei)(wei)國(guo)。唯財用是(shi)務(wu)。聚斂之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)臣。掊(pou)克之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)吏(li)。相(xiang)引為(wei)(wei)奸。以求(qiu)財物。苛徵(zhi)暴(bao)索(suo)。以飫私囊。亦(yi)包(bao)羞(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)謂也(ye)(ye)。古文(wen)陳義(yi)最寬(kuan)。取辭(ci)(ci)必審。推而擴之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。則知立名修辭(ci)(ci)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)精細矣。
象曰：包羞位不當也
此申釋爻(yao)辭(ci)之(zhi)義也。夫(fu)六三在(zai)內卦(gua)之(zhi)盡(jin)。為眾陰之(zhi)極(ji)。非(fei)健非(fei)順。不(bu)(bu)剛不(bu)(bu)柔。于(yu)位為不(bu)(bu)當。于(yu)時為不(bu)(bu)良。既無君子(zi)加其間。獨(du)任小人據其職。是人地(di)不(bu)(bu)宜。上下(xia)不(bu)(bu)協。在(zai)卦(gua)為兩截。在(zai)事(shi)為兩雕。其不(bu)(bu)當位。且賅(gai)一切矣。故釋象曰(yue)、位不(bu)(bu)當也。不(bu)(bu)當則(ze)名不(bu)(bu)正。言(yan)不(bu)(bu)順。則(ze)事(shi)不(bu)(bu)成(cheng)。如(ru)此而主持(chi)國(guo)家。布施政令。其可羞(xiu)明矣。故曰(yue)包羞(xiu)。極(ji)言(yan)之(zhi)也。
九四：有命無咎疇離祉
此(ci)否(fou)(fou)九(jiu)四(si)爻(yao)辭。而(er)著其(qi)(qi)時用(yong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)義也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。九(jiu)四(si)為(wei)外卦(gua)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)始。當乾(qian)卦(gua)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)初。位為(wei)陰(yin)。而(er)爻(yao)為(wei)陽。陰(yin)陽相從。剛柔(rou)相應。是(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)(you)秩之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地。有(you)(you)(you)序之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)時也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。上(shang)下(xia)有(you)(you)(you)分(fen)。則(ze)(ze)號令(ling)(ling)可行(xing)。故曰(yue)有(you)(you)(you)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)。命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)令(ling)(ling)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。在爻(yao)象上(shang)承(cheng)九(jiu)五為(wei)君。下(xia)俯群(qun)陰(yin)為(wei)眾(zhong)。九(jiu)四(si)介乎(hu)其(qi)(qi)間。為(wei)傳命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地。如承(cheng)宣(xuan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)職司。故曰(yue)有(you)(you)(you)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)。又九(jiu)四(si)以(yi)(yi)陰(yin)順(shun)(shun)陽。以(yi)(yi)柔(rou)體剛。亦(yi)承(cheng)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)象。而(er)曰(yue)有(you)(you)(you)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)。以(yi)(yi)否(fou)(fou)卦(gua)本(ben)亂離(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)世(shi)。無(wu)綱紀(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)秋。雖九(jiu)四(si)一(yi)爻(yao)。得上(shang)下(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)順(shun)(shun)。為(wei)承(cheng)轉之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)官。究(jiu)其(qi)(qi)上(shang)能(neng)否(fou)(fou)發令(ling)(ling)以(yi)(yi)正(zheng)(zheng)國(guo)是(shi)(shi)。其(qi)(qi)下(xia)能(neng)否(fou)(fou)遵令(ling)(ling)以(yi)(yi)一(yi)邦憲。皆末可定論。曰(yue)有(you)(you)(you)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)、明其(qi)(qi)可有(you)(you)(you)而(er)巳。若無(wu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。則(ze)(ze)猶不順(shun)(shun)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。藉曰(yue)有(you)(you)(you)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)而(er)非正(zheng)(zheng)令(ling)(ling)。不過亂命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)而(er)巳。是(shi)(shi)泰上(shang)六之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所謂命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)。終將不行(xing)于(yu)眾(zhong)。則(ze)(ze)有(you)(you)(you)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)云(yun)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)。僅許其(qi)(qi)可有(you)(you)(you)耳。然既(ji)希其(qi)(qi)有(you)(you)(you)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)。自應盼其(qi)(qi)克行(xing)。故繼之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)曰(yue)無(wu)咎(jiu)(jiu)。言(yan)(yan)有(you)(you)(you)正(zheng)(zheng)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)以(yi)(yi)正(zheng)(zheng)眾(zhong)。眾(zhong)亦(yi)從之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。是(shi)(shi)雖當否(fou)(fou)時。能(neng)免(mian)(mian)否(fou)(fou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)咎(jiu)(jiu)戾也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。蓋小人(ren)當國(guo)。咎(jiu)(jiu)莫大焉。徒以(yi)(yi)一(yi)時正(zheng)(zheng)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)。即得免(mian)(mian)于(yu)咎(jiu)(jiu)。足見命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)重(zhong)要也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。在乾(qian)曰(yue)乾(qian)道變化。各正(zheng)(zheng)性(xing)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)以(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)行(xing)健克剛。可不誘于(yu)邪(xie)。惑于(yu)奸。而(er)自守其(qi)(qi)正(zheng)(zheng)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。果在否(fou)(fou)九(jiu)四(si)而(er)見其(qi)(qi)德(de)焉。此(ci)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)字。即乾(qian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)正(zheng)(zheng)性(xing)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)。以(yi)(yi)乾(qian)能(neng)正(zheng)(zheng)坤。其(qi)(qi)正(zheng)(zheng)己者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)。正(zheng)(zheng)以(yi)(yi)正(zheng)(zheng)人(ren)。正(zheng)(zheng)性(xing)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)。正(zheng)(zheng)以(yi)(yi)為(wei)正(zheng)(zheng)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)源也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。而(er)在群(qun)陰(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上(shang)。包眾(zhong)志(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)前(qian)。以(yi)(yi)一(yi)正(zheng)(zheng)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)。遂免(mian)(mian)眾(zhong)咎(jiu)(jiu)。是(shi)(shi)則(ze)(ze)陽德(de)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)美(mei)。乾(qian)道之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大。天行(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)健。有(you)(you)(you)以(yi)(yi)致之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。故又不獨免(mian)(mian)咎(jiu)(jiu)。且(qie)將因而(er)獲福也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。祉。福也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。疇者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)、泉(quan)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)離(li)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)、麗也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。言(yan)(yan)以(yi)(yi)有(you)(you)(you)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)免(mian)(mian)咎(jiu)(jiu)。而(er)加眾(zhong)以(yi)(yi)福也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。所謂一(yi)正(zheng)(zheng)君而(er)國(guo)定。一(yi)人(ren)有(you)(you)(you)慶。兆民(min)賴之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。此(ci)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)謂也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。又疇者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)孰也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。離(li)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)戾也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。言(yan)(yan)能(neng)正(zheng)(zheng)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)孰復戾于(yu)福祉哉。
象曰(yue)：有命無咎志行(xing)也
此申釋爻辭之(zhi)(zhi)義。明(ming)有命(ming)(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)要。而(er)以君(jun)道之(zhi)(zhi)大。政令之(zhi)(zhi)尊。足以回利害于一時(shi)。轉吉兇(xiong)于俄傾也(ye)。其(qi)最重(zhong)者命(ming)(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)也(ye)。行(xing)(xing)(xing)則(ze)為命(ming)(ming)。否則(ze)不(bu)成命(ming)(ming)矣。而(er)命(ming)(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)。當視其(qi)命(ming)(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)正(zheng)。正(zheng)則(ze)無不(bu)行(xing)(xing)(xing)。所(suo)謂(wei)身正(zheng)不(bu)令而(er)行(xing)(xing)(xing)。況(kuang)命(ming)(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)乎。故曰志行(xing)(xing)(xing)也(ye)。言志在命(ming)(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)行(xing)(xing)(xing)也(ye)。命(ming)(ming)行(xing)(xing)(xing)則(ze)福(fu)至矣。何(he)患乎否哉。
九五：休否大人(ren)吉其(qi)亡(wang)其(qi)亡(wang)系于苞(bao)桑
此(ci)否(fou)(fou)九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)五爻辭也(ye)(ye)。九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)五為(wei)(wei)否(fou)(fou)卦(gua)最(zui)正(zheng)中之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)位(wei)。而(er)(er)有(you)挽(wan)救危亡(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)機(ji)。恢復道(dao)德之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)用也(ye)(ye)。在(zai)否(fou)(fou)上(shang)(shang)卦(gua)。以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)五爻居(ju)正(zheng)位(wei)。即乾之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)五。君(jun)臨(lin)天(tian)下之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)象。所(suo)異乎(hu)乾者。下卦(gua)群陰(yin)構難(nan)。紀綱久(jiu)傾之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)時(shi)。雖得(de)其(qi)(qi)位(wei)。無(wu)(wu)其(qi)(qi)輔。雖有(you)其(qi)(qi)道(dao)。無(wu)(wu)其(qi)(qi)力(li)。故仍(reng)不(bu)(bu)出于(yu)否(fou)(fou)。而(er)(er)當存亡(wang)(wang)一發之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)時(shi)。然易卦(gua)向主(zhu)位(wei)言。以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)正(zheng)位(wei)必(bi)有(you)正(zheng)用。九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)五得(de)正(zheng)位(wei)。乃(nai)(nai)有(you)為(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地(di)(di)。雖否(fou)(fou)不(bu)(bu)害(hai)。故曰休(xiu)(xiu)否(fou)(fou)。休(xiu)(xiu)吉(ji)也(ye)(ye)。否(fou)(fou)而(er)(er)曰休(xiu)(xiu)。則(ze)(ze)可見(jian)否(fou)(fou)不(bu)(bu)害(hai)矣。以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)五之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)(ren)。適當離亂(luan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)余。經挫磨而(er)(er)自奮。歷艱苦(ku)而(er)(er)自警(jing)。則(ze)(ze)足(zu)發揮其(qi)(qi)堅卓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)心(xin)。振作其(qi)(qi)貞固之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)志。則(ze)(ze)雖否(fou)(fou)而(er)(er)仍(reng)可為(wei)(wei)。雖亂(luan)而(er)(er)仍(reng)可止。是(shi)曰休(xiu)(xiu)否(fou)(fou)。亦可作休(xiu)(xiu)止講(jiang)。蓋使(shi)否(fou)(fou)中止也(ye)(ye)。然負艱鉅者。必(bi)非常人(ren)(ren)。任(ren)危困者。必(bi)非常才(cai)。況九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)五居(ju)正(zheng)位(wei)。躋堂皇。執(zhi)國(guo)鈞。超庶眾者乎(hu)。故以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)大人(ren)(ren)稱之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。大人(ren)(ren)不(bu)(bu)獨以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)位(wei)言。兼其(qi)(qi)德與(yu)(yu)才(cai)、智與(yu)(yu)勇、而(er)(er)名之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)。蓋丁此(ci)時(shi)。國(guo)危日迫。世亂(luan)日亟。如無(wu)(wu)迅(xun)奮之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)材。堅忍(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)士。能荷擔(dan)重(zhong)大。跋涉艱險者。則(ze)(ze)不(bu)(bu)足(zu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)救于(yu)亡(wang)(wang)滅。而(er)(er)絕止其(qi)(qi)否(fou)(fou)也(ye)(ye)。曰大人(ren)(ren)吉(ji)。以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)大人(ren)(ren)始能應(ying)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)(ye)。其(qi)(qi)亡(wang)(wang)二句(ju)。則(ze)(ze)明(ming)示吉(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)由(you)來。休(xiu)(xiu)否(fou)(fou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)占也(ye)(ye)。夫(fu)戒(jie)于(yu)亡(wang)(wang)。者則(ze)(ze)能存。怵于(yu)禍者則(ze)(ze)得(de)福。此(ci)事(shi)理(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)必(bi)至(zhi)也(ye)(ye)。乾之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)健。而(er)(er)重(zhong)在(zai)朝乾夕惕(ti)。況其(qi)(qi)非乾乎(hu)。以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)否(fou)(fou)九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)五體乾而(er)(er)行(xing)。故能先自戒(jie)懼也(ye)(ye)。其(qi)(qi)亡(wang)(wang)其(qi)(qi)亡(wang)(wang)者。因(yin)懼亡(wang)(wang)而(er)(er)自警(jing)惕(ti)不(bu)(bu)巳也(ye)(ye)。苞桑者。有(you)本(ben)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)木也(ye)(ye)。系(xi)(xi)于(yu)苞桑。則(ze)(ze)不(bu)(bu)亡(wang)(wang)矣。亡(wang)(wang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大患在(zai)無(wu)(wu)本(ben)。桑而(er)(er)苞生。其(qi)(qi)本(ben)必(bi)固。從而(er)(er)系(xi)(xi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。其(qi)(qi)安可知(zhi)。故戒(jie)于(yu)亡(wang)(wang)。反(fan)能圖(tu)存。惕(ti)于(yu)亂(luan)。反(fan)能就安。可見(jian)大人(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)吉(ji)。休(xiu)(xiu)否(fou)(fou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)占。非幸致(zhi)者。又(you)苞桑苞字(zi)。與(yu)(yu)上(shang)(shang)包(bao)字(zi)相應(ying)。苞桑與(yu)(yu)茅茹(ru)相對。系(xi)(xi)與(yu)(yu)拔相反(fan)。足(zu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)證否(fou)(fou)至(zhi)此(ci)為(wei)(wei)休(xiu)(xiu)。君(jun)子(zi)不(bu)(bu)利(li)。至(zhi)此(ci)為(wei)(wei)大人(ren)(ren)吉(ji)。時(shi)地(di)(di)既異。效(xiao)用乃(nai)(nai)殊也(ye)(ye)。
象(xiang)曰：大人之吉位正當(dang)也
此(ci)申釋爻(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)辭之(zhi)(zhi)義也(ye)(ye)。否(fou)本不宜于君子。以(yi)(yi)小人之(zhi)(zhi)勢(shi)盛也(ye)(ye)。至九五(wu)君子正(zheng)位。一人足以(yi)(yi)服群小。此(ci)固時(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)遷變(bian)。亦由(you)人之(zhi)(zhi)轉移。而(er)(er)(er)最要則由(you)位之(zhi)(zhi)正(zheng)也(ye)(ye)。蓋(gai)九五(wu)之(zhi)(zhi)象(xiang)。比于中興有(you)為(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)君。雖不曰君。究系在上位之(zhi)(zhi)賢者。泰否(fou)皆緣政(zheng)(zheng)治。已否(fou)而(er)(er)(er)泰。終賴仁政(zheng)(zheng)。政(zheng)(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)不良。雖泰不久(jiu)。況(kuang)否(fou)而(er)(er)(er)能回泰乎。故稱(cheng)休(xiu)否(fou)、以(yi)(yi)明其難。唯能乾惕(ti)不已。乃能否(fou)塞(sai)中休(xiu)。茍一放縱(zong)。寧能自休(xiu)哉。其亡二語。垂戒之(zhi)(zhi)旨深矣。以(yi)(yi)卦象(xiang)言(yan)。中互巽震與艮(gen)兌。而(er)(er)(er)上下四爻(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)、為(wei)(wei)風(feng)山漸(jian)。漸(jian)者變(bian)也(ye)(ye)。由(you)漸(jian)而(er)(er)(er)變(bian)。是以(yi)(yi)六爻(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)由(you)變(bian)而(er)(er)(er)否(fou)。亦漸(jian)通(tong)矣。又(you)巽為(wei)(wei)風(feng)、為(wei)(wei)順。為(wei)(wei)進(jin)退(tui)。取象(xiang)即在四五(wu)兩爻(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)。爻(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)辭所云。非(fei)獨明人道。而(er)(er)(er)要重在人道耳。
上九：傾否先否后喜
此否(fou)(fou)(fou)上九(jiu)爻辭(ci)(ci)也(ye)(ye)。在否(fou)(fou)(fou)九(jiu)五以(yi)(yi)得位(wei)而(er)乘時(shi)(shi)(shi)。實扶危定(ding)傾(qing)之(zhi)(zhi)會。故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)占大人(ren)吉(ji)。明其(qi)時(shi)(shi)(shi)、天(tian)(tian)方假(jia)在位(wei)者(zhe)以(yi)(yi)機。俾能振奮以(yi)(yi)有為。若其(qi)成(cheng)否(fou)(fou)(fou)。則(ze)視人(ren)事。故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)加(jia)以(yi)(yi)其(qi)亡(wang)二句(ju)。以(yi)(yi)見(jian)時(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)易得。事不(bu)易為。必(bi)戒惕自持。殷憂(you)免咎。多(duo)難興邦。置之(zhi)(zhi)亡(wang)而(er)后(hou)存。危而(er)后(hou)安(an)。非可僥幸(xing)茍(gou)免者(zhe)也(ye)(ye)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)曰(yue)休(xiu)否(fou)(fou)(fou)。休(xiu)者(zhe)、中止而(er)已。休(xiu)字從人(ren)。必(bi)盡人(ren)力。始能致之(zhi)(zhi)。人(ren)事末齊。休(xiu)亦徒(tu)休(xiu)。何益于否(fou)(fou)(fou)。然在天(tian)(tian)道(dao)。往者(zhe)必(bi)復。否(fou)(fou)(fou)至(zhi)(zhi)此已極盡矣(yi)。世無終(zhong)泰。時(shi)(shi)(shi)無久(jiu)否(fou)(fou)(fou)。果順天(tian)(tian)而(er)興。則(ze)救危免禍(huo)。固有其(qi)機在也(ye)(ye)。觀于上九(jiu)爻辭(ci)(ci)。當(dang)更知(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)。上九(jiu)爻曰(yue)傾(qing)否(fou)(fou)(fou)。先否(fou)(fou)(fou)后(hou)喜(xi)(xi)。言否(fou)(fou)(fou)至(zhi)(zhi)上九(jiu)。時(shi)(shi)(shi)窮(qiong)道(dao)盡。不(bu)克久(jiu)侍。陂者(zhe)平(ping)之(zhi)(zhi)。極者(zhe)反(fan)之(zhi)(zhi)。是猶器之(zhi)(zhi)盈者(zhe)必(bi)傾(qing)之(zhi)(zhi)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)曰(yue)傾(qing)否(fou)(fou)(fou)。傾(qing)者(zhe)側也(ye)(ye)。倒也(ye)(ye)。瀉也(ye)(ye)。否(fou)(fou)(fou)原無物。唯小(xiao)人(ren)是憑。小(xiao)人(ren)不(bu)可久(jiu)用。因恣而(er)驕(jiao)。因橫而(er)仇。驕(jiao)其(qi)內。仇其(qi)外。親者(zhe)且相妬矣(yi)。昵者(zhe)且相害(hai)矣(yi)。安(an)能長享貴富。克全祿位(wei)哉(zai)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)終(zhong)傾(qing)也(ye)(ye)。小(xiao)人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)傾(qing)。即否(fou)(fou)(fou)之(zhi)(zhi)傾(qing)。否(fou)(fou)(fou)傾(qing)而(er)小(xiao)人(ren)不(bu)復留矣(yi)。小(xiao)人(ren)既(ji)退。君子(zi)當(dang)起。否(fou)(fou)(fou)運既(ji)傾(qing)。治安(an)且復。則(ze)前之(zhi)(zhi)否(fou)(fou)(fou)者(zhe)。又將轉為泰矣(yi)。否(fou)(fou)(fou)泰一(yi)正(zheng)反(fan)也(ye)(ye)。泰則(ze)亨.否(fou)(fou)(fou)則(ze)絕(jue)。反(fan)絕(jue)為通。豈(qi)非喜(xi)(xi)乎。故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)曰(yue)先否(fou)(fou)(fou)后(hou)喜(xi)(xi)。以(yi)(yi)否(fou)(fou)(fou)卦至(zhi)(zhi)此終(zhong)矣(yi)。
象曰：否終則傾何可長也(ye)
此申釋(shi)爻(yao)(yao)辭之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)義也(ye)(ye)。否(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)卦六爻(yao)(yao)至上九為終(zhong)爻(yao)(yao)。位(wei)終(zhong)氣盡(jin)。否(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)運亦窮。是否(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)卦之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)終(zhong)即(ji)否(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)道(dao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)反(fan)。為世(shi)(shi)道(dao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)復。世(shi)(shi)道(dao)既復。否(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)數(shu)(shu)斯盡(jin)。自不(bu)(bu)(bu)延長(chang)(chang)(chang)。長(chang)(chang)(chang)指否(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)言世(shi)(shi)間(jian)無(wu)論(lun)治(zhi)亂(luan)興衰。數(shu)(shu)盡(jin)則(ze)(ze)變(bian)。不(bu)(bu)(bu)獨否(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)能再長(chang)(chang)(chang)。而(er)(er)(er)(er)以(yi)(yi)(yi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)情(qing)(qing)好安惡(e)危。樂治(zhi)憂(you)亂(luan)。則(ze)(ze)于(yu)否(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)世(shi)(shi)、尤(you)望其(qi)早止。爻(yao)(yao)辭明揭不(bu)(bu)(bu)長(chang)(chang)(chang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)語亦以(yi)(yi)(yi)慰眾民之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)心(xin)。而(er)(er)(er)(er)證小(xiao)(xiao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)久。以(yi)(yi)(yi)善成(cheng)(cheng)者(zhe)(zhe)。尚有(you)(you)余(yu)福。以(yi)(yi)(yi)惡(e)成(cheng)(cheng)者(zhe)(zhe)。只有(you)(you)余(yu)殃。不(bu)(bu)(bu)長(chang)(chang)(chang)者(zhe)(zhe)、指小(xiao)(xiao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)祿位(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)永也(ye)(ye)。此按天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)理人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)情(qing)(qing)而(er)(er)(er)(er)言。至此小(xiao)(xiao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)必(bi)將自敞(chang)矣。然人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為禍(huo)。必(bi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)解之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。否(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)雖天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)道(dao)所(suo)不(bu)(bu)(bu)免。而(er)(er)(er)(er)救否(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)必(bi)因(yin)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)力。蓋無(wu)小(xiao)(xiao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)。不(bu)(bu)(bu)得成(cheng)(cheng)否(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)既有(you)(you)小(xiao)(xiao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)。為之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)禍(huo)亂(luan)。天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)不(bu)(bu)(bu)克去之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。仍待(dai)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)以(yi)(yi)(yi)正(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。則(ze)(ze)君(jun)(jun)子(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)責也(ye)(ye)。若(ruo)否(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)運已(yi)極。而(er)(er)(er)(er)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)事不(bu)(bu)(bu)齊。小(xiao)(xiao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)既難久持。君(jun)(jun)子(zi)又(you)畏葸不(bu)(bu)(bu)進。則(ze)(ze)否(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)長(chang)(chang)(chang)而(er)(er)(er)(er)長(chang)(chang)(chang)。非天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)咎也(ye)(ye)。故(gu)終(zhong)上九。不(bu)(bu)(bu)外于(yu)否(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)。先(xian)否(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)后喜(xi)。必(bi)賴人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)有(you)(you)以(yi)(yi)(yi)致之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。非喜(xi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)自至也(ye)(ye)。鑒諸(zhu)往史。當(dang)可證明。時(shi)既否(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)也(ye)(ye)。必(bi)有(you)(you)小(xiao)(xiao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)應運而(er)(er)(er)(er)生(sheng).時(shi)將泰(tai)也(ye)(ye)。必(bi)有(you)(you)君(jun)(jun)子(zi)應時(shi)而(er)(er)(er)(er)起。天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)相合(he)。世(shi)(shi)道(dao)斯濟。若(ruo)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)至而(er)(er)(er)(er)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)不(bu)(bu)(bu)前。為失時(shi)。人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)起而(er)(er)(er)(er)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)末(mo)應。為失人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)。二者(zhe)(zhe)皆(jie)不(bu)(bu)(bu)足以(yi)(yi)(yi)成(cheng)(cheng)事也(ye)(ye)。在泰(tai)否(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)。君(jun)(jun)子(zi)小(xiao)(xiao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)互為消長(chang)(chang)(chang)。而(er)(er)(er)(er)易辭則(ze)(ze)專重(zhong)君(jun)(jun)子(zi)。以(yi)(yi)(yi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)能濟時(shi)也(ye)(ye)。否(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)雖極。天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)不(bu)(bu)(bu)與其(qi)害(hai)也(ye)(ye)。泰(tai)雖至。天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)不(bu)(bu)(bu)與其(qi)利也(ye)(ye)。利害(hai)皆(jie)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)受之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。故(gu)非人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)不(bu)(bu)(bu)成(cheng)(cheng)否(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)泰(tai)。亦非人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)不(bu)(bu)(bu)能反(fan)否(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)為泰(tai)也(ye)(ye)。周(zhou)易之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)旨。先(xian)盡(jin)乎人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)。人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)有(you)(you)末(mo)盡(jin)。徒(tu)言天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)道(dao)。故(gu)九五明指大人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)。望其(qi)克成(cheng)(cheng)休否(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業。而(er)(er)(er)(er)啟后喜(xi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)占也(ye)(ye)。愚(yu)者(zhe)(zhe)昧于(yu)此義。徒(tu)責天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)時(shi)。寧有(you)(you)豸(zhi)乎。總(zong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)否(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后。繼以(yi)(yi)(yi)同(tong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)。同(tong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)者(zhe)(zhe)君(jun)(jun)子(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)群也(ye)(ye)。君(jun)(jun)子(zi)陽也(ye)(ye)。同(tong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)五陽一陰。正(zheng)君(jun)(jun)子(zi)集合(he)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)象。故(gu)能承(cheng)否(fou)(fou)(fou)(fou)而(er)(er)(er)(er)救時(shi)。有(you)(you)志之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)士。宜留(liu)意焉。
否卦六(liu)爻(yao)。爻(yao)各異占(zhan)。以氣之(zhi)盛衰。位之(zhi)高下殊(shu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。本來陰(yin)陽相(xiang)求。剛(gang)柔(rou)相(xiang)應。而(er)(er)否則(ze)否者。以地(di)勢(shi)乖隔(ge)。時(shi)日懸(xuan)殊(shu)。不(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)相(xiang)洽(qia)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。然(ran)六(liu)爻(yao)遠近不(bu)(bu)(bu)同。主(zhu)客異勢(shi)。果接(jie)近而(er)(er)能(neng)感通。亦(yi)足(zu)化(hua)(hua)仇為友。而(er)(er)轉禍為福(fu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。故(gu)至外(wai)卦爻(yao)辭多吉。正以外(wai)卦為乾(qian)為陽。善行(xing)而(er)(er)能(neng)包容(rong)一(yi)切，體物而(er)(er)能(neng)融(rong)化(hua)(hua)眾類(lei)。是雖(sui)(sui)(sui)否仍有亨通之(zhi)望(wang)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。正如(ru)君子雖(sui)(sui)(sui)在野。仍能(neng)濟(ji)人。雖(sui)(sui)(sui)不(bu)(bu)(bu)過。仍能(neng)利物。其道德勝(sheng)于小人。不(bu)(bu)(bu)因位勢(shi)而(er)(er)失其仁義(yi)之(zhi)性、故(gu)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。乾(qian)至剛(gang)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。雖(sui)(sui)(sui)不(bu)(bu)(bu)得(de)時(shi)。猶足(zu)被(bei)蓋萬物。況得(de)時(shi)乎(hu)。故(gu)用有殊(shu)。體不(bu)(bu)(bu)改。天地(di)雖(sui)(sui)(sui)閉(bi)塞。天地(di)之(zhi)道不(bu)(bu)(bu)易(yi)也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。乾(qian)坤雖(sui)(sui)(sui)否隔(ge)。乾(qian)坤之(zhi)德不(bu)(bu)(bu)移也(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。此其所以為大(da)矣。
又曰(yue)。否(fou)(fou)卦九(jiu)(jiu)五(wu)上九(jiu)(jiu)二(er)爻。否(fou)(fou)已(yi)漸終。氣(qi)運將轉(zhuan)。人(ren)(ren)事且變(bian)。故爻辭(ci)多吉(ji)。實物極必返(fan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)理。前段在(zai)陰之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)時(shi)。小(xiao)人(ren)(ren)得志。君子(zi)自全(quan)不(bu)(bu)暇。固無可為(wei)。而后段為(wei)陽。陰氣(qi)漸消。小(xiao)人(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)焰漸殺。君子(zi)自可乘時(shi)漸起(qi)。以(yi)圖(tu)補救之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道。故在(zai)九(jiu)(jiu)五(wu)曰(yue)大人(ren)(ren)吉(ji)。在(zai)上九(jiu)(jiu)曰(yue)后喜(xi)。足見時(shi)移(yi)世易(yi)。邪正消長之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)同(tong)。雖(sui)均屬否(fou)(fou)卦。究(jiu)有隆污之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)別。急緩(huan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)分也(ye)。然(ran)周易(yi)成(cheng)于文(wen)王。又當(dang)(dang)幽囚之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)時(shi)。謗毀積身。動輒得咎。故其辭(ci)宛而飄。其意曲而伏。不(bu)(bu)敢明斥(chi)小(xiao)人(ren)(ren)。不(bu)(bu)欲逕咎上。觀其貞吉(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)占。為(wei)志在(zai)君。休否(fou)(fou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)占。為(wei)大人(ren)(ren)吉(ji)。其忠盡不(bu)(bu)二(er)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)忱。巽(xun)言(yan)幾諫之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)志。巳昭昭不(bu)(bu)遺。蓋文(wen)王痛群(qun)小(xiao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)誤(wu)國。而猶冀紂(zhou)王之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)終悟。知(zhi)時(shi)世之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)當(dang)(dang)否(fou)(fou)。而猶求(qiu)君上之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)改圖(tu)。所(suo)(suo)謂(wei)忠臣不(bu)(bu)非其君。烈士(shi)不(bu)(bu)背其主。縱危禍及己(ji)。末以(yi)怨尤其上。雖(sui)瞼阻當(dang)(dang)前。總期(qi)挽敉于后也(ye)。在(zai)彖曰(yue)。否(fou)(fou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)匪(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)人(ren)(ren)。此(ci)古(gu)文(wen)簡略(lve)。猶曰(yue)匪(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)人(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)否(fou)(fou)。言(yan)否(fou)(fou)為(wei)小(xiao)人(ren)(ren)所(suo)(suo)終始也(ye)。因小(xiao)人(ren)(ren)用而成(cheng)否(fou)(fou)。因否(fou)(fou)而小(xiao)人(ren)(ren)愈肆(si)。故曰(yue)小(xiao)人(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)否(fou)(fou)。如明夷(yi)(yi)曰(yue)箕子(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)明夷(yi)(yi)。亦(yi)猶明夷(yi)(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)箕子(zi)。言(yan)當(dang)(dang)明夷(yi)(yi)時(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)箕子(zi)。而所(suo)(suo)以(yi)處明夷(yi)(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)世也(ye)。古(gu)文(wen)多此(ci)例也(ye)。即比之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)匪(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)人(ren)(ren)。亦(yi)匪(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)人(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)比換語。茍(gou)明此(ci)義。則(ze)知(zhi)易(yi)辭(ci)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)臭矣(yi)。
又曰、講易(yi)至否、為(wei)(wei)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)道(dao)(dao)已(yi)窮(qiong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)時(shi)(shi)。非如未(wei)擠(ji)。有(you)(you)關后(hou)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)事(shi)也(ye)(ye)。然天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)道(dao)(dao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)窮(qiong)。人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)事(shi)可挽(wan)。否雖閉塞。乃(nai)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)地不(bu)(bu)交。陰陽(yang)不(bu)(bu)和。人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)在(zai)二者之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)。果有(you)(you)道(dao)(dao)以(yi)(yi)濟(ji)(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。則否者復通。窮(qiong)者復續。故(gu)周(zhou)易(yi)序否之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)。繼以(yi)(yi)同人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)。言人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)力足以(yi)(yi)回天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)。不(bu)(bu)似(si)未(wei)濟(ji)(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)終(zhong)全易(yi)也(ye)(ye)。夫未(wei)濟(ji)(ji)者、天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)地固窮(qiong)。人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)事(shi)亦絕。故(gu)氣無余蘊。數達終(zhong)盡(jin)。本后(hou)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)象(xiang)。失(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)道(dao)(dao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)主宰。則世界(jie)且混沌矣。上經所(suo)述(shu)。均屬(shu)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)道(dao)(dao)。而周(zhou)易(yi)為(wei)(wei)后(hou)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)卦。仍(reng)重(zhong)(zhong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)事(shi)。時(shi)(shi)雖否極。若子末賞絕跡(ji)也(ye)(ye)。人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)道(dao)(dao)猶有(you)(you)存者。是否塞不(bu)(bu)過一時(shi)(shi)。人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)道(dao)(dao)既張。天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)運且轉(zhuan)。故(gu)同人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)承否。而后(hou)且見大有(you)(you)也(ye)(ye)。然人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)道(dao)(dao)非一人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)所(suo)能(neng)(neng)主持。世運非一人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)所(suo)能(neng)(neng)挽(wan)救。在(zai)上者既失(shi)其政。當道(dao)(dao)者已(yi)非其人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)。則天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)道(dao)(dao)所(suo)托。必徵(zhi)于(yu)(yu)(yu)在(zai)野(ye)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)君(jun)(jun)子。君(jun)(jun)子既在(zai)野(ye)。無行令施政之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)權。言難(nan)動群。力難(nan)役眾(zhong)。則所(suo)以(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)道(dao)(dao)者。必連合同志。交納善人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)。以(yi)(yi)多助(zhu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)功(gong)(gong)。成推廣之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)愿。是以(yi)(yi)重(zhong)(zhong)在(zai)能(neng)(neng)同人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)也(ye)(ye)。同人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)者善與人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)同之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)謂。同人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)而救時(shi)(shi)。時(shi)(shi)自(zi)免(mian)于(yu)(yu)(yu)亂。同人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)而救國(guo)。國(guo)自(zi)免(mian)于(yu)(yu)(yu)亡(wang)。蓋以(yi)(yi)德能(neng)(neng)濟(ji)(ji)眾(zhong)。陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)代(dai)陰也(ye)(ye)。故(gu)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)火同人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)。恰為(wei)(wei)否之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)繼起者。人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)定勝(sheng)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)。當天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)于(yu)(yu)(yu)此時(shi)(shi)見之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。故(gu)泰(tai)否責在(zai)執政。而同人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)責在(zai)大家。泰(tai)否之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)功(gong)(gong)罪(zui)。在(zai)朝者負之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。而同人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動名。則在(zai)野(ye)君(jun)(jun)子所(suo)獲得也(ye)(ye)。二者上下相(xiang)(xiang)濟(ji)(ji)。君(jun)(jun)民相(xiang)(xiang)和。以(yi)(yi)避乎天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)時(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)窮(qiong)。而保(bao)乎人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)者。實周(zhou)易(yi)序卦之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)微也(ye)(ye)。故(gu)否非終(zhong)窮(qiong)。若人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)事(shi)不(bu)(bu)力。則轉(zhuan)成未(wei)濟(ji)(ji)。天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)且同盡(jin)矣。豈(qi)獨否而己(ji)哉(zai)。
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