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莊子第09章,馬蹄(南華經)原文

網絡(luo) 2023-09-21 18:52:58

莊子》第09章 馬蹄


馬(ma),蹄可以(yi)(yi)踐(jian)霜雪,毛可以(yi)(yi)御風(feng)寒。齕草飲水,翹足而陸,此(ci)馬(ma)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)真性也(ye)。雖有(you)義臺路寢,無所(suo)用之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。及至伯樂,曰(yue)(yue):“我善治(zhi)馬(ma)。”燒之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),剔(ti)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),刻(ke)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),雒之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。連之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)羈(ji)縶,編之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)皂棧,馬(ma)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)死者(zhe)十(shi)二三矣!饑之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)渴(ke)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),馳(chi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)驟之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),整之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)齊之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),前有(you)橛飾之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)患,而后有(you)鞭生筴之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)威(wei),而馬(ma)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)死者(zhe)已過半矣!陶者(zhe)曰(yue)(yue):“我善治(zhi)埴。”圓(yuan)者(zhe)中(zhong)規(gui)(gui),方者(zhe)中(zhong)矩。匠(jiang)人曰(yue)(yue):“我善治(zhi)木。”曲者(zhe)中(zhong)鉤(gou),直者(zhe)應繩(sheng)。夫埴木之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)性,豈欲中(zhong)規(gui)(gui)矩鉤(gou)繩(sheng)哉!然且(qie)世世稱(cheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)曰(yue)(yue):“伯樂善治(zhi)馬(ma),而陶匠(jiang)善治(zhi)埴木。”此(ci)亦(yi)治(zhi)天下者(zhe)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)過也(ye)。

吾意善治天(tian)下(xia)(xia)者(zhe)不(bu)(bu)然。彼民有常(chang)性(xing)(xing),織而(er)衣(yi),耕而(er)食,是(shi)(shi)謂(wei)同(tong)(tong)德(de)。一而(er)不(bu)(bu)黨(dang),命(ming)曰天(tian)放。故至(zhi)德(de)之世,其(qi)行填填,其(qi)視(shi)顛(dian)顛(dian)。當是(shi)(shi)時也,山無(wu)蹊(xi)隧(sui),澤(ze)無(wu)舟(zhou)梁;萬物(wu)群(qun)生,連屬其(qi)鄉;禽獸(shou)成(cheng)群(qun),草木(mu)遂長(chang)。是(shi)(shi)故禽獸(shou)可系羈而(er)游,鳥鵲(que)之巢(chao)可攀援而(er)窺。夫(fu)至(zhi)德(de)之世,同(tong)(tong)與(yu)禽獸(shou)居,族與(yu)萬物(wu)并。惡乎(hu)知(zhi)君子(zi)小人(ren)哉!同(tong)(tong)乎(hu)無(wu)知(zhi),其(qi)德(de)不(bu)(bu)離;同(tong)(tong)乎(hu)無(wu)欲,是(shi)(shi)謂(wei)素樸。素樸而(er)民性(xing)(xing)得矣(yi)。及至(zhi)圣人(ren),蹩(bie)躠為(wei)(wei)(wei)仁(ren),踶跂為(wei)(wei)(wei)義(yi),而(er)天(tian)下(xia)(xia)始(shi)疑矣(yi)。澶漫為(wei)(wei)(wei)樂,摘僻為(wei)(wei)(wei)禮,而(er)天(tian)下(xia)(xia)始(shi)分矣(yi)。故純樸不(bu)(bu)殘,孰為(wei)(wei)(wei)犧尊!白玉不(bu)(bu)毀,孰為(wei)(wei)(wei)珪(gui)璋!道德(de)不(bu)(bu)廢,安(an)取仁(ren)義(yi)!性(xing)(xing)情不(bu)(bu)離,安(an)用禮樂!五色(se)不(bu)(bu)亂,孰為(wei)(wei)(wei)文(wen)采!五聲(sheng)不(bu)(bu)亂,孰應六律!

夫殘樸(pu)以(yi)為器,工匠之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)罪也(ye)(ye);毀道德以(yi)為仁(ren)義,圣人之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)過也(ye)(ye)。夫馬(ma)(ma)陸居則食草飲水(shui),喜(xi)則交頸(jing)相靡(mi),怒則分背(bei)相踢。馬(ma)(ma)知(zhi)已此(ci)矣!夫加之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)衡扼(e),齊之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)月題,而(er)馬(ma)(ma)知(zhi)介倪闉(yin)扼(e)鷙(zhi)曼詭銜(xian)竊轡。故(gu)馬(ma)(ma)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)知(zhi)而(er)能至盜者,伯樂(le)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)罪也(ye)(ye)。夫赫胥氏(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)時,民居不知(zhi)所(suo)為,行不知(zhi)所(suo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),含哺而(er)熙,鼓腹而(er)游。民能已此(ci)矣!及至圣人,屈折禮樂(le)以(yi)匡(kuang)天(tian)下(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)形,縣跂仁(ren)義以(yi)慰天(tian)下(xia)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)心,而(er)民乃始(shi)踶跂好(hao)知(zhi),爭歸于(yu)利,不可(ke)止也(ye)(ye)。此(ci)亦圣人之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)過也(ye)(ye)。


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