劉多生(sheng),道(dao)號(hao)素云(yun)道(dao)人,又號(hao)符合子,祖(zu)居山(shan)東(dong)即(ji)墨(mo)(今山(shan)東(dong)省即(ji)墨(mo)市),明代遷至直隸東(dong)光縣(今河(he)北(bei)省東(dong)光縣)。道(dao)光三十(shi)年(1850年)定居京(jing)師。后因(yin)其才識(shi)為怡親王所賞識(shi),被(bei)詔(zhao)入(ru)內侍,賜名增祿(lu),又字德(de)印。光緒(xu)十(shi)五年(1889年)被(bei)授予總(zong)管六宮(gong)事務之(zhi)職,曾受園(yuan)亭騎馬(ma)乘舟(zhou)回寓、疾時加賜黃(huang)金藥(yao)品(pin)之(zhi)寵。光緒(xu)二十(shi)年(1894年)萬(wan)壽慶典時恩賞三品(pin)頂戴,惠(hui)及三代。清同治年間,劉多生(sheng)皈依道(dao)教(jiao),從此與北(bei)京(jing)道(dao)教(jiao)宮(gong)觀(guan)結下了不(bu)解之(zhi)緣。
一、適逢師闡教而得皈依
劉多生(sheng)(sheng)之(zhi)所以(yi)能(neng)與(yu)道(dao)(dao)教發生(sheng)(sheng)關系,據《素云(yun)劉先師(shi)(shi)碑(bei)記》載:“戊辰因奉差至(zhi)白云(yun)觀(guan),適(shi)南(nan)陽張(zhang)律(lv)師(shi)(shi)闡教觀(guan)中,一見相(xiang)洽,殷勤(qin)展(zhan)拜,執(zhi)弟子禮(li)甚恭,此師(shi)(shi)皈(gui)(gui)依道(dao)(dao)教之(zhi)始也。”《素云(yun)真(zhen)人道(dao)(dao)行碑(bei)銘》載:“南(nan)陽張(zhang)真(zhen)人傳戒(jie)白云(yun)觀(guan)中,公(gong)適(shi)因公(gong)至(zhi)觀(guan),遂執(zhi)弟子禮(li)焉。”同治年(nian)(nian)間慈禧太后之(zhi)母去世,其(qi)棺(guan)寄存在白云(yun)觀(guan),劉多生(sheng)(sheng)因料理“皇姥(lao)姥(lao)殯”事(shi),與(yu)白云(yun)觀(guan)第(di)十(shi)九(jiu)代方丈張(zhang)耕(geng)云(yun)(張(zhang)云(yun)樵,名圓璿(xuan)(xuan),號(hao)耕(geng)云(yun))結識(shi),一見相(xiang)洽,拜張(zhang)耕(geng)云(yun)為師(shi)(shi)。戊辰年(nian)(nian)(1868年(nian)(nian))是同治七(qi)(qi)年(nian)(nian),由此可知,劉多生(sheng)(sheng)是同治七(qi)(qi)年(nian)(nian)皈(gui)(gui)依道(dao)(dao)教。同治八(ba)年(nian)(nian),張(zhang)圓璿(xuan)(xuan)傳戒(jie),被聘為護壇大師(shi)(shi)。據劉誠印碑(bei)銘,他于清(qing)同治九(jiu)年(nian)(nian)(1870年(nian)(nian))皈(gui)(gui)依道(dao)(dao)教。后來成為白云(yun)觀(guan)第(di)二十(shi)代律(lv)師(shi)(shi)。
據傳,慈(ci)(ci)禧太(tai)(tai)(tai)后(hou)寵信(xin)北(bei)京(jing)(jing)白(bai)(bai)云(yun)觀(guan)(guan)(guan)全真道士(shi),這是(shi)(shi)晚清政局中一(yi)個(ge)公開的(de)秘密。太(tai)(tai)(tai)監內部傳說(shuo),慈(ci)(ci)禧的(de)母親去世后(hou),需要找一(yi)個(ge)寺(si)(si)miao停靈,當時尚未獨(du)攬大(da)權的(de)慈(ci)(ci)禧太(tai)(tai)(tai)后(hou),派大(da)太(tai)(tai)(tai)監劉誠印到北(bei)京(jing)(jing)賢良寺(si)(si)等fo寺(si)(si)尋(xun)訪,這些寺(si)(si)院的(de)住持(chi)seng大(da)都不甚熱情。慈(ci)(ci)禧甚為惱火,后(hou)轉往北(bei)京(jing)(jing)白(bai)(bai)云(yun)觀(guan)(guan)(guan),受到白(bai)(bai)云(yun)觀(guan)(guan)(guan)道士(shi)的(de)熱情接待。此(ci)后(hou),慈(ci)(ci)禧與白(bai)(bai)云(yun)觀(guan)(guan)(guan)來(lai)往日益(yi)密切(qie),大(da)太(tai)(tai)(tai)監劉誠印亦在(zai)白(bai)(bai)云(yun)觀(guan)(guan)(guan)皈依了道教(jiao)。“更令人驚訝的(de)是(shi)(shi),劉承(cheng)(誠)印拜白(bai)(bai)云(yun)觀(guan)(guan)(guan)方丈(zhang)劉宗玄為師,也(ye)在(zai)白(bai)(bai)云(yun)觀(guan)(guan)(guan)“掛單(dan)”,同時被(bei)稱作名(ming)譽“方丈(zhang)”,成為了全真道第24代傳人。(賈英華:《末代太(tai)(tai)(tai)監孫(sun)耀(yao)庭(ting)傳》)自(zi)此(ci),太(tai)(tai)(tai)監到白(bai)(bai)云(yun)觀(guan)(guan)(guan)受戒蔚然成風。
以(yi)上傳說,道教(jiao)界也頗為(wei)認同(tong),據《太(tai)(tai)上律脈源(yuan)流》記載:道教(jiao)全真龍門派高(gao)道張宗璿“庚午(1870年)再請傳戒,時值皇(huang)親(qin)照公(gong)府太(tai)(tai)夫人(ren)靈(ling)寄(ji)觀中,師(shi)為(wei)虔誦《血盆經》。一藏百天之久,靡有怠容。蒙慈禧皇(huang)(太(tai)(tai))后(hou),恩賜紫(zi)袍玉冠,揖金助(zhu)壇(tan)開大(da)戒場(chang),伯(bo)子公(gong)侯,接踵而(er)來,請謁聲名,播于(yu)遠方”。
據《重建紫(zi)竹院(yuan)碑記》載:“……茲有余同戒劉(liu)素云(yun)者,修(xiu)建miao宇(yu),濟(ji)危救困(kun),不(bu)可(ke)枚舉。至(zhi)于舍藥施(shi)茶,乃(nai)其(qi)馀事(shi),可(ke)推謂功德之主也(ye)。其(qi)人生而(er)聰(cong)慧,長而(er)博學,言(yan)行(xing)忠信(xin),作事(shi)仁慈(ci),忠孝耿耿,儒道兼優,樂善(shan)好施(shi),可(ke)謂首屈一指……愿將此(ci)miao奉送于劉(liu)素云(yun)羽士(shi),永為梵(fan)修(xiu)住持之所(suo)也(ye)。”由此(ci)可(ke)見劉(liu)誠印的功德無量,有目共睹。
二、捐資勒碑并創會以供香果,造無量之功德被舉為護壇
劉誠印祖師事跡碑
劉(liu)多(duo)生對白云觀的(de)主要貢(gong)獻有捐巨資傳戒、重(zhong)勒碑(bei)志、拓(tuo)修云集(ji)山房、創(chuang)建(jian)和捐助長春永久(jiu)供(gong)會及刊(kan)版(ban)印經等。
張(zhang)圓(yuan)璿(xuan)律(lv)師在白云觀(guan)傳(chuan)戒(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)時,劉(liu)多生(sheng)被舉為(wei)護壇。同治十(shi)(shi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1871年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))張(zhang)圓(yuan)璿(xuan)律(lv)師傳(chuan)戒(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie),劉(liu)多生(sheng)募(mu)(mu)捐(juan)(juan)五千余(yu)(yu)(yu)金為(wei)傳(chuan)戒(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)費(fei),受(shou)戒(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)者367人;高(gao)云溪(高(gao)明(ming)峒,字(zi)云溪,又名仁峒,號壽山子)為(wei)白云觀(guan)住持時,屢開戒(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)壇,劉(liu)多生(sheng)均為(wei)保舉大師監戒(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)。光(guang)緒(xu)八年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1882年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))募(mu)(mu)捐(juan)(juan)七(qi)千余(yu)(yu)(yu)金,為(wei)衣缽口(kou)糧傳(chuan)戒(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)費(fei),受(shou)戒(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)者400人。光(guang)緒(xu)十(shi)(shi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1884年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),募(mu)(mu)捐(juan)(juan)九千余(yu)(yu)(yu)金,為(wei)傳(chuan)戒(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)費(fei),受(shou)戒(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)者525人。這(zhe)樣,在同治十(shi)(shi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)、光(guang)緒(xu)八年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)、光(guang)緒(xu)十(shi)(shi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)、光(guang)緒(xu)十(shi)(shi)七(qi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1891年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))先(xian)后四次傳(chuan)戒(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)中,劉(liu)多生(sheng)慷慨募(mu)(mu)捐(juan)(juan)了以萬計(ji)的薪糧履之資,受(shou)戒(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)者共計(ji)1642人。
白云(yun)(yun)觀(guan)是(shi)長(chang)春(chun)祖(zu)(zu)師(shi)闡教處所,數百年(nian)來,殿宇(yu)頻(pin)增,碑(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)志林(lin)立。由(you)于擔(dan)心(xin)舊碑(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)磨滅,孟豁(huo)一(yi)任方丈時就有重(zhong)(zhong)勒諸(zhu)碑(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)的(de)想法,但心(xin)愿未遂而(er)仙(xian)去。張耕云(yun)(yun)律師(shi)主持(chi)白云(yun)(yun)觀(guan)時,托付(fu)劉(liu)多生實現(xian)孟公重(zhong)(zhong)勒碑(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)志的(de)夙愿。據小柳司氣太著《白云(yun)(yun)觀(guan)志》記載,光緒(xu)十二年(nian)(1886年(nian))劉(liu)多生捐資重(zhong)(zhong)勒白云(yun)(yun)觀(guan)重(zhong)(zhong)修碑(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(后士殿前(qian)(qian)(qian)西)、長(chang)春(chun)邱(qiu)真人道(dao)(dao)行(xing)碑(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(老(lao)(lao)律殿前(qian)(qian)(qian)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong))、白云(yun)(yun)觀(guan)重(zhong)(zhong)修碑(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(羅(luo)祖(zu)(zu)塔(ta)前(qian)(qian)(qian)西)、白云(yun)(yun)觀(guan)重(zhong)(zhong)修碑(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(后士殿前(qian)(qian)(qian)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong))、重(zhong)(zhong)修白云(yun)(yun)觀(guan)碑(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)記(南極殿前(qian)(qian)(qian)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)),立羅(luo)真人道(dao)(dao)行(xing)碑(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(羅(luo)祖(zu)(zu)塔(ta)前(qian)(qian)(qian))、重(zhong)(zhong)勒諸(zhu)碑(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)記(祠堂(tang)前(qian)(qian)(qian)西)、七(qi)(qi)真道(dao)(dao)行(xing)碑(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(老(lao)(lao)律殿前(qian)(qian)(qian)西)等。上述諸(zhu)碑(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei),據筆者2008年(nian)8月(yue)調查,趙士賢撰(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)《白云(yun)(yun)觀(guan)重(zhong)(zhong)修碑(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)》在(zai)白云(yun)(yun)觀(guan)西路(lu)元辰(chen)殿前(qian)(qian)(qian)西、張瓚(zan)撰(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)《長(chang)春(chun)邱(qiu)真人道(dao)(dao)行(xing)碑(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)》在(zai)老(lao)(lao)律堂(tang)前(qian)(qian)(qian)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)、顧頤壽撰(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)《白云(yun)(yun)觀(guan)重(zhong)(zhong)修碑(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)》在(zai)西路(lu)元辰(chen)殿前(qian)(qian)(qian)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)、王常月(yue)撰(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)《重(zhong)(zhong)修白云(yun)(yun)觀(guan)碑(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)記》在(zai)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)路(lu)雷祖(zu)(zu)殿前(qian)(qian)(qian)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)、孟珙撰(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)《七(qi)(qi)真道(dao)(dao)行(xing)碑(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)》在(zai)老(lao)(lao)律堂(tang)前(qian)(qian)(qian)西。
光(guang)緒十六年(1890年)劉(liu)多生及諸大(da)護法,慷慨(kai)捐(juan)資,庀材鳩工,利用白云觀后(hou)余地,修筑了云集(ji)山房(fang)及戒(jie)臺(tai)、游(you)廊、假山、亭臺(tai)等,游(you)廊曲折幽深,樹木蔥郁繁茂,頗有江(jiang)南園林的景致,以(yi)此作為接待賓客、道侶集(ji)講處所。其中(zhong),劉(liu)多生捐(juan)助修園墻樓(lou)房(fang)銀(yin)一萬五千兩。
由于燕九、九皇祖師兩圣(sheng)誕香(xiang)供(gong)澹泊,劉多(duo)生敬約(yue)善信張(zhang)誠(cheng)明、張(zhang)誠(cheng)五(wu)及(ji)內宮(gong)信官助善者百余(yu)(yu)人(ren),于光(guang)緒八年(1882年)建(jian)立了長春(chun)永久供(gong)會,每年香(xiang)供(gong)費用約(yue)需三百余(yu)(yu)金。到光(guang)緒十二年(1886年),會中積(ji)蓄(xu)已(yi)經不多(duo),劉多(duo)生擔心其(qi)失傳,又自(zi)捐(juan)三千二百六十金,在昌平州購置土地四十五(wu)頃有奇,每年收(shou)租三百三十金交白云觀(guan)作為二會香(xiang)供(gong)燈果費。
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