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海鹽《張氏族譜》考述

網(wang)絡 2023-06-14 21:32:34

海(hai)鹽(yan)張(zhang)(zhang)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)濟圖(tu)書(shu)館(guan)館(guan)藏(zang)《張(zhang)(zhang)氏族譜(pu)》(全六冊(ce)),系著(zhu)名(ming)教育(yu)家、出版家、文獻(xian)學(xue)家張(zhang)(zhang)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)濟的(de)家族宗譜(pu)。民國(guo)二十(shi)三年(1934年)刻本,為(wei)張(zhang)(zhang)氏第(di)二十(shi)一世(shi)孫張(zhang)(zhang)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)勛(張(zhang)(zhang)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)濟從兄(xiong))所纂(zuan)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)。據(ju)張(zhang)(zhang)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)勛譜(pu)后跋中(zhong)記(ji)載:“……從弟元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)濟發起重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)族譜(pu),并(bing)提議(yi)建(jian)設宗祠,合并(bing)各公祭,擬立規則統一管理,稟請族長暨公眾(zhong)共同贊成(cheng),推舉勛擔任修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)譜(pu)調查主稿并(bing)監視建(jian)筑工程……” 是(shi)譜(pu)系光緒二十(shi)五(wu)年十(shi)八(ba)世(shi)孫張(zhang)(zhang)壽康等(deng)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)《海(hai)鹽(yan)張(zhang)(zhang)氏族譜(pu)》之續(xu)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)譜(pu)。自明天啟四年修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)纂(zuan)《鹽(yan)官張(zhang)(zhang)氏族譜(pu)》起至(zhi)民國(guo)二十(shi)三年,前后經過五(wu)次重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)刻、續(xu)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)、重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)而成(cheng)。是(shi)一部(bu)反映我國(guo)歷史發展的(de)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)文獻(xian),對研究海(hai)鹽(yan)乃至(zhi)中(zhong)國(guo)的(de)歷史發展有(you)著(zhu)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)的(de)作用(yong)。

1998年(nian)10月,張(zhang)(zhang)元(yuan)(yuan)濟(ji)先(xian)生(sheng)侄孫女(nv)張(zhang)(zhang)靄(ai)和(he)、張(zhang)(zhang)靜娥兩(liang)(liang)(liang)姐(jie)妹(mei)(mei)委托張(zhang)(zhang)樹年(nian)先(xian)生(sheng)(張(zhang)(zhang)元(yuan)(yuan)濟(ji)子),將珍藏了四(si)十(shi)余年(nian)的《張(zhang)(zhang)氏族譜(pu)》捐贈給海鹽張(zhang)(zhang)元(yuan)(yuan)濟(ji)圖(tu)(tu)書館。張(zhang)(zhang)樹年(nian)先(xian)生(sheng)并(bing)在族譜(pu)卷(juan)首題(ti)跋:“振聲先(xian)兄臨終前(qian),將《張(zhang)(zhang)氏族譜(pu)》一部計(ji)六冊(ce)交其(qi)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)女(nv)靄(ai)和(he)、靜娥妥為(wei)保存,時隔四(si)十(shi)載,姐(jie)妹(mei)(mei)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)詳商后,決(jue)定將《族譜(pu)》捐獻(xian)與家鄉張(zhang)(zhang)元(yuan)(yuan)濟(ji)圖(tu)(tu)書館,使之有(you)一良(liang)好歸宿(su),并(bing)得永保。今兩(liang)(liang)(liang)侄女(nv)交下,乘(cheng)樹年(nian)回鹽之便帶(dai)呈,謹祈收藏。”

據《張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)氏(shi)(shi)族(zu)譜(pu)》記(ji)載,始(shi)遷祖(zu)(zu)張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)留孫(張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)元(yuan)濟二十(shi)(shi)世(shi)(shi)祖(zu)(zu)),字(zi)文占,號其(qi)(qi)志,系出宋(song)崇國公(gong)諱九(jiu)(jiu)成后。張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)九(jiu)(jiu)成,字(zi)子(zi)韶,自(zi)(zi)號橫浦居(ju)(ju)士(shi)(shi),原籍(ji)河南(nan)(nan)(nan)開封,生于1092年,正當北宋(song)末年。金兵南(nan)(nan)(nan)下時隨宋(song)高宗(zong)(zong)(zong)南(nan)(nan)(nan)渡,定(ding)居(ju)(ju)浙(zhe)江(jiang)錢(qian)塘。后為(wei)(wei)南(nan)(nan)(nan)宋(song)紹興年間(jian)進士(shi)(shi),歷(li)任(ren)著(zhu)(zhu)作郎(lang)、宗(zong)(zong)(zong)正少卿、禮部侍(shi)郎(lang),為(wei)(wei)官“正色立朝、敦尚氣(qi)節(jie)”,是南(nan)(nan)(nan)宋(song)時的(de)一(yi)(yi)位名(ming)臣。明(ming)(ming)(ming)洪武初(約14世(shi)(shi)紀六(liu)(liu)七十(shi)(shi)年代(dai)(dai)),始(shi)遷祖(zu)(zu)張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)留孫帶領他的(de)一(yi)(yi)支(zhi)兒孫自(zi)(zi)錢(qian)塘遷海鹽(yan),數(shu)百年繁衍生息。海鹽(yan)張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)氏(shi)(shi)家(jia)族(zu)從明(ming)(ming)(ming)萬歷(li)二十(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)年(1593年)至清(qing)光緒二十(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)年(1895年)300多年間(jian),共(gong)受(shou)皇上(shang)敕(chi)命14道,誥命13道。然自(zi)(zi)始(shi)遷祖(zu)(zu)張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)留孫而降,歷(li)數(shu)各世(shi)(shi)之仕祿,罕有(you)(you)(you)(you)隆顯。張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)元(yuan)濟十(shi)(shi)九(jiu)(jiu)世(shi)(shi)祖(zu)(zu)張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)秀三,明(ming)(ming)(ming)洪武癸(gui)酉詔(zhao)訪賢才,有(you)(you)(you)(you)司以公(gong)薦,不(bu)(bu)受(shou)。十(shi)(shi)八世(shi)(shi)祖(zu)(zu)張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)顯,明(ming)(ming)(ming)洪武壬(ren)戌征為(wei)(wei)學士(shi)(shi),不(bu)(bu)受(shou)。十(shi)(shi)六(liu)(liu)世(shi)(shi)祖(zu)(zu)張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)禮,明(ming)(ming)(ming)宣(xuan)德、天順詔(zhao)聘處士(shi)(shi),俱不(bu)(bu)受(shou)。十(shi)(shi)世(shi)(shi)祖(zu)(zu)張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)奇(qi)齡誥贈中憲大夫湖南(nan)(nan)(nan)上(shang)荊南(nan)(nan)(nan)道,曾立家(jia)訓“吾(wu)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)氏(shi)(shi),世(shi)(shi)業耕(geng)讀,愿(yuan)吾(wu)子(zi)孫,善守勿替……”九(jiu)(jiu)世(shi)(shi)祖(zu)(zu)張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)惟(wei)赤(chi)(chi),授戶部山(shan)東司主事(shi),為(wei)(wei)官以直言敢諫(jian)著(zhu)(zhu)稱。八世(shi)(shi)祖(zu)(zu)張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)月告授內閣中書,后選考刑(xing)部福建司主事(shi),告老返(fan)鄉后,以書為(wei)(wei)友,樂善好施,鄉人敬仰。有(you)(you)(you)(you)不(bu)(bu)愿(yuan)為(wei)(wei)官者,亦有(you)(you)(you)(you)為(wei)(wei)官清(qing)廉(lian)者。當二十(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)世(shi)(shi)孫張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)元(yuan)濟就任(ren)總理各國事(shi)務(wu)衙門章京(jing),參(can)與戊戌政變失敗(bai)遭革(ge)職后,其(qi)(qi)母反感(gan)欣慰,感(gan)慨道:“有(you)(you)(you)(you)子(zi)萬事(shi)足,無官一(yi)(yi)身輕”,是即張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)氏(shi)(shi)家(jia)族(zu)世(shi)(shi)累代(dai)(dai)積的(de)經驗之談(tan)。但(dan)是,其(qi)(qi)家(jia)世(shi)(shi)源流(liu)中,有(you)(you)(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)點值得(de)注(zhu)意,則習書業儒者眾。據記(ji)載,凡張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)元(yuan)濟的(de)前輩,有(you)(you)(you)(you)著(zhu)(zhu)作者約40人。自(zi)(zi)張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)元(yuan)濟十(shi)(shi)世(shi)(shi)祖(zu)(zu)以下,著(zhu)(zhu)書、刊書者亦未為(wei)(wei)少數(shu)。如:十(shi)(shi)世(shi)(shi)祖(zu)(zu)張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)奇(qi)齡(1582-1638),著(zhu)(zhu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)《鐵庵(an)集(ji)(ji)》、《存笥集(ji)(ji)》等(deng)(deng)(deng);九(jiu)(jiu)世(shi)(shi)祖(zu)(zu)張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)惟(wei)赤(chi)(chi)(1615-1676),著(zhu)(zhu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)《入告編》三集(ji)(ji)、《退詩(shi)(shi)(shi)軒詩(shi)(shi)(shi)集(ji)(ji)》;八世(shi)(shi)祖(zu)(zu)張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)月告(1640-1709)著(zhu)(zhu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)《名(ming)家(jia)詩(shi)(shi)(shi)鈔》等(deng)(deng)(deng);七世(shi)(shi)本生祖(zu)(zu)張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)芳湄(mei)(1665-1730),著(zhu)(zhu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)《員谷詩(shi)(shi)(shi)選》;六(liu)(liu)世(shi)(shi)祖(zu)(zu)張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)松,刊《王荊公(gong)詩(shi)(shi)(shi)箋注(zhu)》,著(zhu)(zhu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)《捫腹齋詩(shi)(shi)(shi)集(ji)(ji)》等(deng)(deng)(deng);六(liu)(liu)世(shi)(shi)伯叔張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)楠(nan),著(zhu)(zhu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)《帶經堂(tang)詩(shi)(shi)(shi)話》。等(deng)(deng)(deng)等(deng)(deng)(deng)。

除了著(zhu)書(shu)(shu)外(wai),藏(zang)書(shu)(shu)、刻(ke)書(shu)(shu)亦盛極(ji)一時,特別在清(qing)雍正、乾隆(long)兩朝,藏(zang)書(shu)(shu)、刻(ke)書(shu)(shu)活動達到了極(ji)盛時期。海(hai)鹽張氏涉(she)園亦成為以藏(zang)書(shu)(shu)、刻(ke)書(shu)(shu)、讀書(shu)(shu)著(zhu)稱的一邑(yi)之勝,名播江浙。

《 張氏族譜》共10卷,首一卷,另(ling)有附錄。內容較為豐富,綱目清(qing)楚,體例(li)完整(zheng)。

卷首為徐從治《鹽(yan)官張(zhang)氏(shi)(shi)族譜(pu)(pu)(pu)序(xu)(xu)》,張(zhang)月(yue)令(ling)《重刻族譜(pu)(pu)(pu)序(xu)(xu)》,陳石英(ying)《張(zhang)氏(shi)(shi)續修(xiu)族譜(pu)(pu)(pu)序(xu)(xu)》,張(zhang)壽康(kang)、張(zhang)德明《張(zhang)氏(shi)(shi)重修(xiu)宗譜(pu)(pu)(pu)序(xu)(xu)》,以及《宗譜(pu)(pu)(pu)告(gao)成跋》、《客園公家(jia)訓》、《續修(xiu)譜(pu)(pu)(pu)例》、《海(hai)鹽(yan)張(zhang)氏(shi)(shi)族譜(pu)(pu)(pu)目(mu)錄(lu)》、《續修(xiu)張(zhang)氏(shi)(shi)族譜(pu)(pu)(pu)目(mu)錄(lu)》、十二世(shi)螺浮公至二十世(shi)德齋公遺(yi)像(xiang)。

卷(juan)一為《誥敕》。共27道。其中(zhong)涉及(ji)張(zhang)元濟(ji)誥命(ming)(ming)三道,有“刑部(bu)(bu)主(zhu)事加四(si)(si)級(ji)(ji)張(zhang)元濟(ji)之本(ben)生(sheng)祖(zu)父(fu)母誥命(ming)(ming)一道”,“刑部(bu)(bu)貴州(zhou)(zhou)司主(zhu)事加四(si)(si)級(ji)(ji)張(zhang)元濟(ji)之祖(zu)父(fu)母誥命(ming)(ming)一道”,以(yi)及(ji)“刑部(bu)(bu)貴州(zhou)(zhou)司主(zhu)事加四(si)(si)級(ji)(ji)張(zhang)元濟(ji)之父(fu)母誥命(ming)(ming)”。

卷(juan)二(er)為《志(zhi)(zhi)》。記錄了同(tong)里張(zhang)寧(明景泰進士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、禮科給(gei)事(shi)中(zhong))、賀南儒(明隆(long)慶進士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、福(fu)建(jian)閩(min)令(ling))、鐘兆斗(明萬歷進士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、工科給(gei)事(shi)中(zhong))、徐名琦(明崇禎進士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、湖北江夏令(ling))、鄭宣(康(kang)熙進士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、淮(huai)安府同(tong)知)、彭孫遹(康(kang)熙吏部(bu)侍(shi)郎(lang))、上饒鄭以偉(萬歷進士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、大學士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi))、山(shan)陰胡兆龍(順治(zhi)進士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、宮保少(shao)宰)、高陽李蔚(順治(zhi)進士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、大學士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi))、海(hai)寧陳世倌(康(kang)熙進士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、太保大學士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi))、錢塘梁同(tong)書(shu)(乾隆(long)進士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、書(shu)法(fa)家)等高官名人所撰寫的(de)墓(mu)志(zhi)(zhi)銘19篇。以及張(zhang)氏宗祠全(quan)(quan)圖(tu)(tu)、張(zhang)氏公(gong)墓(mu)全(quan)(quan)圖(tu)(tu)、列(lie)代(dai)墓(mu)圖(tu)(tu)、涉(she)園圖(tu)(tu)彝罇等31幅(fu)。張(zhang)氏公(gong)墓(mu)為張(zhang)元濟主持并出(chu)資創建(jian),位于涉(she)園遺址之西(xi)側,占(zhan)地16畝(mu),規定亡者不論男女長幼(you),富貴貧賤(jian),一律(lv)按(an)宗祠統一編號的(de)穴(xue)位循號入穴(xue)。號召薄葬(zang),破除迷(mi)信(xin)。張(zhang)氏公(gong)墓(mu)的(de)創建(jian),對改變當地舊(jiu)喪葬(zang)陋習有很大的(de)推(tui)動,縣里徐、馮等大族相(xiang)繼效仿。

卷三為(wei)《表》、《傳(chuan)》。記錄(lu)荊楚熊光裕(yu)(順(shun)治(zhi)進(jin)士)、海(hai)(hai)昌沈珩(heng)(康(kang)熙翰林院編修)、江(jiang)都韋佩(pei)金(廣西凌云令)等(deng)撰寫的(de)墓表3篇(pian)。同里陳所(suo)學(嘉靖吏科(ke)給事中)、劉世埏(萬歷刑(xing)部主政)、秀水朱國(guo)祚(萬歷大學士)、海(hai)(hai)昌沈珩(heng)、歸安孫(sun)在豐(康(kang)熙工(gong)部侍(shi)郎)等(deng)撰寫的(de)人物傳(chuan)18篇(pian)。

卷四為《序》、《啟》、《記(ji)(ji)(ji)》。記(ji)(ji)(ji)錄嘉興錢應(ying)晉(明(ming)(ming)蓬(peng)州(zhou)刺史)、秀水(shui)馮夢禎(明(ming)(ming)大司成)、歸安韓(han)敬(明(ming)(ming)翰林院修撰)、武林沈(shen)守正(zheng)(明(ming)(ming)萬歷舉(ju)人(ren))、仁和丁澎(順(shun)治禮(li)部郎(lang)中(zhong))、昆山徐(xu)乾(qian)學(康熙探花、大司寇)、海寧周春(乾(qian)隆進(jin)士、山東(dong)滕令)等撰寫(xie)的序文7篇(pian)(pian)。海寧許汝霖(康熙進(jin)士)、同(tong)里吾祖望(乾(qian)隆進(jin)士、戶部郎(lang)中(zhong))所撰寫(xie)的征詩啟文2篇(pian)(pian)。以(yi)及《張氏(shi)有(you)政堂記(ji)(ji)(ji)》一篇(pian)(pian),碑(bei)記(ji)(ji)(ji)六篇(pian)(pian),《涉園張氏(shi)宗祠記(ji)(ji)(ji)》一篇(pian)(pian)。

卷五(wu)至(zhi)卷十(shi)(shi)為世(shi)(shi)(shi)系表(biao)。記錄(lu)始遷祖(zu)以下五(wu)世(shi)(shi)(shi),六世(shi)(shi)(shi)至(zhi)十(shi)(shi)世(shi)(shi)(shi)漢文公(gong)支(zhi)(zhi)、敬哉公(gong)支(zhi)(zhi)、碧溪(xi)公(gong)支(zhi)(zhi),十(shi)(shi)一世(shi)(shi)(shi)至(zhi)十(shi)(shi)五(wu)世(shi)(shi)(shi)敬哉公(gong)支(zhi)(zhi)第(di)二房(fang)樸庵公(gong)支(zhi)(zhi)、敬哉公(gong)支(zhi)(zhi)第(di)六房(fang)圣(sheng)瑞公(gong)支(zhi)(zhi),十(shi)(shi)一世(shi)(shi)(shi)至(zhi)二十(shi)(shi)五(wu)世(shi)(shi)(shi)敬哉公(gong)支(zhi)(zhi)第(di)三房(fang)赤符公(gong)支(zhi)(zhi)、碧溪(xi)公(gong)支(zhi)(zhi)第(di)三房(fang)鳴(ming)九公(gong)支(zhi)(zhi)。張元(yuan)濟屬二十(shi)(shi)一世(shi)(shi)(shi)敬哉公(gong)支(zhi)(zhi)。

附錄記(ji)錄《祭產總志》一(yi)篇,《合族(zu)(zu)為建設宗(zong)祠(ci)歸并祭產公呈》一(yi)篇,以及《宗(zong)祠(ci)總章》七(qi)章二十九條。另(ling)有張(zhang)元(yuan)勛修(xiu)譜(pu)筑祠(ci)跋文一(yi)篇,以及《續(xu)修(xiu)族(zu)(zu)譜(pu)收(shou)支帳目》一(yi)篇,記(ji)錄總共收(shou)銀肆百(bai)捌拾叁圓,其中張(zhang)元(yuan)濟捐銀壹百(bai)圓。

《張(zhang)氏族譜》是(shi)一部(bu)記載海鹽張(zhang)氏家族興旺發展歷(li)史的珍貴檔案,也是(shi)張(zhang)元濟(ji)圖書館的寶貴財富。


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