小兒(er)急(ji)性(xing)喉炎為耳鼻喉科急(ji)癥，是喉粘膜的(de)急(ji)性(xing)彌漫(man)性(xing)卡他性(xing)炎癥，因其起病急(ji)且病情變化(hua)快(kuai)、故(gu)為較(jiao)危險的(de)病癥。對于嬰幼(you)兒(er)來說好(hao)發年齡為6個月~3歲的(de)小兒(er)，以冬春(chun)季節為好(hao)發季節。
一般來(lai)講，急(ji)性(xing)(xing)喉(hou)(hou)炎(yan)常繼發(fa)于急(ji)性(xing)(xing)鼻炎(yan)、咽炎(yan)，也可繼發(fa)于流行性(xing)(xing)感冒(mao)、麻疹、水痘、猩(xing)紅(hong)熱等急(ji)性(xing)(xing)傳染性(xing)(xing)疾病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)。醫學上，病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)因多為(wei)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)毒(du)(du)(du)感染所致，常見的(de)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)毒(du)(du)(du)是副流感病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)毒(du)(du)(du)、嗜血流感病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)毒(du)(du)(du)、腺病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)毒(du)(du)(du)等。通(tong)常來(lai)講喉(hou)(hou)部(bu)(bu)以聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)帶為(wei)界(jie)分為(wei)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)門(men)(men)上區(qu)(qu)(qu)、聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)門(men)(men)區(qu)(qu)(qu)、和(he)(he)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)門(men)(men)下區(qu)(qu)(qu)，而急(ji)性(xing)(xing)喉(hou)(hou)炎(yan)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)變多侵(qin)犯聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)門(men)(men)上區(qu)(qu)(qu)和(he)(he)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)門(men)(men)下區(qu)(qu)(qu)，炎(yan)癥(zheng)可導致粘膜的(de)充(chong)血、腫脹、分泌(mi)物(wu)增加(jia)等，從而引起急(ji)性(xing)(xing)喉(hou)(hou)炎(yan)的(de)典(dian)型(xing)癥(zheng)狀(zhuang)：聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)嘶、喉(hou)(hou)鳴(ming)、犬(quan)吠樣咳(ke)(ke)和(he)(he)吸氣性(xing)(xing)呼(hu)吸困難，通(tong)俗來(lai)講就是：發(fa)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)嘶啞，甚至失(shi)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)；呼(hu)吸時(shi)(shi)喉(hou)(hou)部(bu)(bu)發(fa)出(chu)喘(chuan)鳴(ming)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)；咳(ke)(ke)嗽時(shi)(shi)發(fa)出(chu)“空空”聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，似(si)小狗叫的(de)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)音(yin)以及呼(hu)吸費(fei)力。
一般急性喉炎的最初(chu)表現(xian)(xian)多(duo)為夜(ye)間突然發(fa)生(sheng)聲嘶和喉鳴，小(xiao)兒多(duo)哭鬧、喘憋，并有(you)象(xiang)小(xiao)狗(gou)叫樣的咳(ke)嗽，繼(ji)而病(bing)情(qing)加重就可(ke)(ke)出現(xian)(xian)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)氣(qi)性呼(hu)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)困難(nan)(nan)，也就是因為喉部炎性腫(zhong)脹，而吸(xi)(xi)(xi)氣(qi)費力，進氣(qi)量不足，而導致缺氧呼(hu)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)困難(nan)(nan)。如果病(bing)情(qing)嚴重時，可(ke)(ke)出現(xian)(xian)所謂的三(san)凹(ao)征象(xiang)也就是吸(xi)(xi)(xi)氣(qi)時鎖骨(gu)上(shang)窩、胸(xiong)骨(gu)上(shang)窩、上(shang)腹(fu)部出現(xian)(xian)明顯(xian)的凹(ao)陷(xian)，同(tong)時可(ke)(ke)有(you)口(kou)唇發(fa)紫、煩躁(zao)不安等表現(xian)(xian)。再進一步(bu)發(fa)展可(ke)(ke)危機生(sheng)命出現(xian)(xian)呼(hu)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)循環(huan)衰(shuai)竭、昏(hun)迷、甚至(zhi)死(si)亡。由(you)于小(xiao)兒急性喉炎是可(ke)(ke)引起(qi)呼(hu)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)困難(nan)(nan)的急癥，屬小(xiao)兒科(ke)疾(ji)病(bing)中(zhong)的危急重癥，作為家(jia)長更要(yao)多(duo)關(guan)心(xin)小(xiao)兒，如果發(fa)現(xian)(xian)喉炎的特殊表現(xian)(xian)應(ying)及時就診，以免延(yan)誤病(bing)情(qing)。
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