內(nei)蒙古自治區位于祖國(guo)北部(bu)邊陲。地(di)域遼闊,總面積達118萬(wan)多平(ping)方公里(li),跨越了(le)(le)亞洲東(dong)部(bu)與中部(bu)的濕潤(run)、半(ban)濕潤(run)、半(ban)干旱、干旱地(di)區,地(di)理復雜而多樣,再加上氣候、地(di)形、地(di)質(zhi)、土壤(rang)等多種因素的影響,形成了(le)(le)動植物和礦物的多樣性和獨特性。繁多的種類、豐(feng)富的資源為人(ren)們提供(gong)了(le)(le)賴以生存的豐(feng)富的物質(zhi)基礎。
蒙(meng)(meng)藥(yao)(yao)種類(lei)繁(fan)多,資源(yuan)豐(feng)富且以植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)藥(yao)(yao)為(wei)主。據文獻記載,內蒙(meng)(meng)古分(fen)(fen)布的種子植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)和蕨類(lei)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)共(gong)計2351種,其中(zhong)引種栽培的植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)有(you)184種,野生植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)共(gong)2176種,分(fen)(fen)屬于133科720屬,野生藥(yao)(yao)用植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)1122種,分(fen)(fen)屬117科1033種,此外藥(yao)(yao)用藻類(lei)1科2種,菌類(lei)24科68種,地衣5科7種,苔蘚11科12種。蒙(meng)(meng)醫常用藥(yao)(yao)有(you)450余種,蒙(meng)(meng)醫專用260余種,本區自產藥(yao)(yao)材占30%,以清熱(re)藥(yao)(yao)、祛巴達干藥(yao)(yao)、抑赫依藥(yao)(yao)、祛黃(huang)水(shui)藥(yao)(yao)物(wu)(wu)為(wei)主。還有(you)驅蟲藥(yao)(yao)、促(cu)使熱(re)疾(ji)成型的藥(yao)(yao)物(wu)(wu)、粘藥(yao)(yao)、利(li)尿逐水(shui)益腎藥(yao)(yao)、破痞去滯藥(yao)(yao)、止(zhi)咳化痰(tan)藥(yao)(yao)、瀉(xie)(xie)下(xia)藥(yao)(yao)、止(zhi)瀉(xie)(xie)藥(yao)(yao)、滋補強壯藥(yao)(yao)等(deng)17類(lei)。
在(zai)眾多的蒙藥(yao)(yao)(yao)中有不少種藥(yao)(yao)(yao)材是蒙藥(yao)(yao)(yao)專(zhuan)用(yong)品種(即只有蒙醫(yi)常(chang)用(yong)的藥(yao)(yao)(yao)物),在(zai)常(chang)用(yong)蒙藥(yao)(yao)(yao)中約有140種。如:廣棗,蒙醫(yi)用(yong)于心悸、心絞痛心臟病。沙棘(ji),蒙醫(yi)用(yong)來止(zhi)咳化痰,活血化瘀。藍(lan)盆花,蒙醫(yi)用(yong)于清肺(fei)和治療肝熱病。文冠木(mu),蒙醫(yi)用(yong)于清熱燥濕,治療風濕、痹癥。現代(dai)有關科學研(yan)究都證實了它(ta)們藥(yao)(yao)(yao)效確切(qie),療效可靠(kao)。
內(nei)蒙古(gu)(gu)是全(quan)國主要畜(chu)牧業基(ji)地之一(yi),家養的牛、羊(yang)、馬數(shu)量眾多,還有許(xu)多野生動(dong)(dong)物(wu),因(yin)此,動(dong)(dong)物(wu)資源非(fei)常豐富。據統計,內(nei)蒙古(gu)(gu)的藥物(wu)動(dong)(dong)物(wu)在100種以上,如蝎、蜘(zhi)蛛、蛇、蔦、金雕、蒙古(gu)(gu)兔、旱(han)獺、狼(lang)、黃羊(yang)、青羊(yang)、馬、驢(lv)、血余(yu)炭(tan)、鵝喉羚羊(yang)等。
內蒙(meng)古的(de)(de)礦產資源相當(dang)豐富,是我國(guo)鐵(tie)、煤、石(shi)油等(deng)(deng)生(sheng)產的(de)(de)重要(yao)基(ji)地。在眾多礦產中作為(wei)蒙(meng)藥(yao)常用(yong)的(de)(de)如石(shi)膏、寒(han)水石(shi)、芒硝、堿面(mian)、光明鹽(yan)(yan)、禹糧(liang)土、黃礬、黑礬、龍骨(gu)、鐵(tie)面(mian)等(deng)(deng)區(qu)內都有分(fen)布;蒙(meng)藥(yao)中較少用(yong)的(de)(de)如金、銀(yin)、銅、鋁(lv)、錫、瑪瑙、水晶(jing)、大(da)青鹽(yan)(yan)等(deng)(deng)也均有分(fen)布,而且有的(de)(de)儲量(liang)甚大(da)。
用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)現代科學方(fang)(fang)法(fa)對蒙(meng)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)進行研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)開發(fa)新藥(yao)(yao)(yao)已(yi)取(qu)得了一定成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)績。如:蒙(meng)醫(yi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)麻黃屬植物(wu)的(de)(de)莖(jing)枝清(qing)肝熱、止血(xue)、破痞、療(liao)傷(shang)、消腫等(deng)(deng)(deng),從(cong)(cong)其中分離出(chu)的(de)(de)麻黃苯丙(bing)酮(tong),在(zai)抗心(xin)律失常,保護急(ji)性心(xin)肌缺血(xue)和防(fang)治冠心(xin)病(bing)(bing)方(fang)(fang)面具(ju)(ju)有明(ming)顯(xian)療(liao)效(xiao);烏恩通過(guo)(guo)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)理(li)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu),從(cong)(cong)蒙(meng)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)"扎木(mu)薩--4湯"中,篩選出(chu)有明(ming)顯(xian)療(liao)效(xiao)的(de)(de)降血(xue)脂活(huo)性成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)份,并組成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)新方(fang)(fang),命名為(wei)"格(ge)根"飲片,已(yi)廣(guang)泛應(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于高血(xue)脂癥患者;顧維彰等(deng)(deng)(deng),通過(guo)(guo)對古(gu)方(fang)(fang)"贊丹(dan)--3湯"的(de)(de)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu),篩選出(chu)治療(liao)心(xin)血(xue)管系統(tong)(tong)病(bing)(bing)的(de)(de)活(huo)性成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)分(廣(guang)棗總黃酮(tong)等(deng)(deng)(deng)),研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)制(zhi)(zhi)出(chu)復方(fang)(fang)廣(guang)棗注(zhu)射(she)液(ye)(ye);劉振國等(deng)(deng)(deng)對古(gu)方(fang)(fang)"阿如拉--3味"的(de)(de)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu),研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)制(zhi)(zhi)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)了具(ju)(ju)有擴張冠狀血(xue)管、改善心(xin)肌功能等(deng)(deng)(deng)作用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)新方(fang)(fang)"嗄(a)格(ge)日--塔(ta)布(bu)"注(zhu)射(she)液(ye)(ye)。內蒙(meng)醫(yi)院對傳統(tong)(tong)蒙(meng)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)"三普勒--淖日布(bu)"和"扎沖--13"進行研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu),研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)制(zhi)(zhi)出(chu)"偏癱康口服液(ye)(ye)"和"偏癱康II號"注(zhu)射(she)液(ye)(ye),已(yi)通過(guo)(guo)國家"七五(wu)"攻關成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)果(guo)鑒定。在(zai)蒙(meng)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)治療(liao)風(feng)濕病(bing)(bing)的(de)(de)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)中,研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)制(zhi)(zhi)出(chu)具(ju)(ju)有顯(xian)著鎮痛作用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)"那如注(zhu)射(she)液(ye)(ye)"對風(feng)濕病(bing)(bing)具(ju)(ju)有顯(xian)著療(liao)效(xiao)。這證明(ming)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)現代科學方(fang)(fang)法(fa)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)傳統(tong)(tong)蒙(meng)藥(yao)(yao)(yao),可(ke)以(yi)更好地開發(fa)利用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)蒙(meng)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)材(cai)資源,擴大應(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)范圍,從(cong)(cong)而取(qu)得優(you)質藥(yao)(yao)(yao)品及可(ke)觀的(de)(de)經濟效(xiao)益(yi)。
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