云南中醫學(xue)院院長吳佩衡先(xian)生致力于祖國醫學(xue)數十(shi)(shi)年，精(jing)研墳典、博覽諸賢，所著《醫藥(yao)(yao)簡(jian)述(shu)》一書，醫、藥(yao)(yao)思想并茂，論述(shu)深入(ru)淺(qian)(qian)出(chu)，尤對附(fu)子(zi)、干姜(jiang)、肉桂、麻黃、桂枝(zhi)、細辛、石膏、大黃、芒硝、黃連等(deng)十(shi)(shi)味(wei)藥(yao)(yao)品的(de)性味(wei)、功效及臨床運用闡述(shu)精(jing)辟，并指出(chu)此(ci)十(shi)(shi)味(wei)藥(yao)(yao)品，余暫以‘十(shi)(shi)大主(zhu)帥(shuai)’名之，是(shi)形容其作用之大也。藥(yao)(yao)海浩瀚，而獨重此(ci)十(shi)(shi)味(wei)者，筆者竊思這(zhe)是(shi)先(xian)生學(xue)術思想的(de)體現(xian)。今不揣淺(qian)(qian)薄，冒昧將中藥(yao)(yao)十(shi)(shi)大主(zhu)帥(shuai)的(de)立論基(ji)礎作一探(tan)索(suo)，庶幾循此(ci)端倪而能窺先(xian)生學(xue)術思想之一斑，亦為千慮一得之幸事。

1、遵(zun)《品》理，兩儀統萬物《易》云 一(yi)陰一(yi)陽(yang)之謂道(dao)

陰(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)太(tai)(tai)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)兩(liang)(liang)儀，道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)宇宙(zhou)萬(wan)(wan)(wan)物(wu)(wu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)本(ben)原及變化規律和(he)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)則(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)。《易(yi)》六十四卦三百八十四爻能(neng)彌倫天(tian)(tian)(tian)地之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)而(er)(er)(er)(er)曲(qu)成(cheng)萬(wan)(wan)(wan)物(wu)(wu)，但(dan)都由一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)爻和(he)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)陰(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)爻所(suo)(suo)組成(cheng)，可(ke)見兩(liang)(liang)儀生(sheng)(sheng)萬(wan)(wan)(wan)物(wu)(wu)而(er)(er)(er)(er)萬(wan)(wan)(wan)物(wu)(wu)悉(xi)(xi)不(bu)(bu)離乎兩(liang)(liang)儀。張景(jing)岳(yue)總結前人(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)論(lun)指出(chu)(chu) 欲賅易(yi)理(li)(li)，理(li)(li)止陰(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)，故(gu)(gu)天(tian)(tian)(tian)下之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)萬(wan)(wan)(wan)聲出(chu)(chu)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)閨一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)辟；天(tian)(tian)(tian)下之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)萬(wan)(wan)(wan)數出(chu)(chu)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)偶一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)奇；天(tian)(tian)(tian)下之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)萬(wan)(wan)(wan)理(li)(li)出(chu)(chu)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)動一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)靜；天(tian)(tian)(tian)下之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)萬(wan)(wan)(wan)象出(chu)(chu)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)方(fang)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)圓。方(fang)圓也(ye)(ye)，動靜也(ye)(ye)，奇偶也(ye)(ye)，閨辟也(ye)(ye)，總不(bu)(bu)出(chu)(chu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)與二也(ye)(ye)(《類經(jing)(jing)(jing)附(fu)翼·醫(yi)易(yi)》)邵雍所(suo)(suo)謂(wei)(wei)“一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)分為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)二，分衍(yan)萬(wan)(wan)(wan)物(wu)(wu) 是也(ye)(ye).就(jiu)疾(ji)(ji)(ji)病而(er)(er)(er)(er)言，百病發生(sheng)(sheng)皆(jie)(jie)(jie)緣于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)陰(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)偏(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)頗，成(cheng)無(wu)(wu)(wu)己(ji)注(zhu)解《傷(shang)(shang)寒(han)(han)(han)論(lun)》云 一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)陰(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)謂(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)，偏(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)陰(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)偏(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)謂(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)疾(ji)(ji)(ji)。天(tian)(tian)(tian)地陰(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)偏(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)，運氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)太(tai)(tai)過(guo)不(bu)(bu)及可(ke)致(zhi)寒(han)(han)(han)暑晦(hui)明(ming)(ming)易(yi)位，一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)變六氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)而(er)(er)(er)(er)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)六淫(yin)，本(ben)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)萬(wan)(wan)(wan)物(wu)(wu)所(suo)(suo)賴(lai)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)反成(cheng)萬(wan)(wan)(wan)物(wu)(wu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)害，《素問(wen).五(wu)常(chang)政大(da)(da)論(lun)》所(suo)(suo)謂(wei)(wei) 非(fei)其(qi)(qi)(qi)時(shi)則(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)邪(xie)(xie)，當(dang)其(qi)(qi)(qi)位則(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)正(zheng)。人(ren)(ren)(ren)體陰(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)偏(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)，清濁(zhuo)升降逆(ni)亂(luan)，臟腑(fu)(fu)出(chu)(chu)入失(shi)常(chang)，氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)血(xue)營衛(wei)不(bu)(bu)和(he)，四肢九竅不(bu)(bu)利而(er)(er)(er)(er)疾(ji)(ji)(ji)病生(sheng)(sheng)焉(yan)。疾(ji)(ji)(ji)病的發生(sheng)(sheng)既由陰(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)偏(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)所(suo)(suo)致(zhi)，則(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)疾(ji)(ji)(ji)病之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)性(xing)不(bu)(bu)出(chu)(chu)陰(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)兩(liang)(liang)端，誠(cheng)(cheng)如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)李(li)士材云 人(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)疾(ji)(ji)(ji)病，雖(sui)非(fei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)端，皆(jie)(jie)(jie)不(bu)(bu)外乎陰(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)。六經(jing)(jing)(jing)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)陰(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)概其(qi)(qi)(qi)性(xing)，八綱(gang)(gang)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)陰(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)總，衛(wei)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)營血(xue)和(he)三焦以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)陰(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)分。所(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)張景(jing)岳(yue)指出(chu)(chu)醫(yi)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)雖(sui)繁，而(er)(er)(er)(er)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)言蔽之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，曰(yue)陰(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)而(er)(er)(er)(er)已(yi)。陰(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)二者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)易(yi)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)變化，實為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)醫(yi)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)綱(gang)(gang)領(清邵葆誠(cheng)(cheng)《醫(yi)易(yi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)理(li)(li)》)。吳氏深(shen)(shen)究陰(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)至理(li)(li)，明(ming)(ming)萬(wan)(wan)(wan)物(wu)(wu)咸(xian)具(ju)兩(liang)(liang)儀之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)變，臨證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)明(ming)(ming)辨(bian)陰(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)綱(gang)(gang)，治(zhi)病以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)調(diao)燮胡(hu)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)要。同(tong)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)陰(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)，陰(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)程度有(you)(you)(you)(you)別； 同(tong)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)，陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)輕(qing)(qing)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有(you)(you)(you)(you)殊。輕(qing)(qing)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)涼(liang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)溫(wen)，重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)寒(han)(han)(han)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)。涼(liang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)寒(han)(han)(han)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)漸，寒(han)(han)(han)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)涼(liang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)；溫(wen)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)漸，熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)溫(wen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，寒(han)(han)(han)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)無(wu)(wu)(wu)如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)少(shao)(shao)(shao)陰(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)寒(han)(han)(han)化證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)，熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)無(wu)(wu)(wu)如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)明(ming)(ming)經(jing)(jing)(jing)府證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)。寒(han)(han)(han)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)則(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)現假熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)，熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)反見假寒(han)(han)(han)。吳氏探明(ming)(ming)陰(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)趨(qu)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)變，不(bu)(bu)但(dan)善治(zhi)寒(han)(han)(han)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)，于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)真假寒(han)(han)(han)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)辨(bian)治(zhi)尤精(jing)，每以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)姜(jiang)附(fu)硝(xiao)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)救(jiu)沉疴于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)危殆(dai)，化險惡于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)篤，所(suo)(suo)治(zhi)驗案(an)多令人(ren)(ren)(ren)擊節驚嘆。張景(jing)岳(yue)嘗云醫(yi)不(bu)(bu)貴于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)能(neng)愈病，而(er)(er)(er)(er)貴于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)愈難病。能(neng)療(liao)疑難重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)則(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)輕(qing)(qing)淺易(yi)辨(bian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)疾(ji)(ji)(ji)不(bu)(bu)憂；能(neng)治(zhi)陰(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)候則(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)溫(wen)涼(liang)平緩之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)恙不(bu)(bu)慮(lv)。吳氏能(neng)歷(li)峻涉險，踏(ta)危如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)平，誠(cheng)(cheng)是悟(wu)通兩(liang)(liang)儀之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)理(li)(li)，熟諳陰(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)變的結果。疾(ji)(ji)(ji)病有(you)(you)(you)(you)兩(liang)(liang)儀而(er)(er)(er)(er)方(fang)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)何(he)獨(du)不(bu)(bu)然(ran)，《內經(jing)(jing)(jing)》從藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)物(wu)(wu)的氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)味輕(qing)(qing)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)厚薄分屬其(qi)(qi)(qi)陰(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)屬性(xing)。明(ming)(ming)孫一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)奎《醫(yi)旨緒余太(tai)(tai)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)圖抄引》指出(chu)(chu)：在(zai)(zai)(zai)天(tian)(tian)(tian)地，統(tong)體一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)太(tai)(tai)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)； 在(zai)(zai)(zai)萬(wan)(wan)(wan)物(wu)(wu)，萬(wan)(wan)(wan)物(wu)(wu)各(ge)具(ju)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)太(tai)(tai)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，清‘吳鞠通在(zai)(zai)(zai)《溫(wen)病條辨(bian)》中(zhong)特(te)撰 萬(wan)(wan)(wan)物(wu)(wu)各(ge)有(you)(you)(you)(you)偏(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)勝(sheng)論(lun)“和(he) 草(cao)木各(ge)有(you)(you)(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)太(tai)(tai)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)論(lun)，此即言方(fang)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)亦分兩(liang)(liang)儀也(ye)(ye)。疾(ji)(ji)(ji)病陰(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)偏(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)須(xu)賴(lai)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)物(wu)(wu)陰(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)偏(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)正(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，徐大(da)(da)椿(chun)所(suo)(suo)謂(wei)(wei)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)草(cao)木之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)偏(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)性(xing)攻(gong)臟腑(fu)(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)偏(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)勝(sheng)(《用(yong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)用(yong)兵(bing)論(lun)》)。疾(ji)(ji)(ji)病之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)偏(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)有(you)(you)(you)(you)輕(qing)(qing)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)物(wu)(wu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)偏(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)有(you)(you)(you)(you)微甚(shen)，偏(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)輕(qing)(qing)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)其(qi)(qi)(qi)病輕(qing)(qing)，偏(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)其(qi)(qi)(qi)病重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。輕(qing)(qing)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)投以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)微，重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)投以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)甚(shen)，偏(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)奠過(guo)姜(jiang)附(fu)肉桂(gui)(gui)，偏(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)寒(han)(han)(han)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)奠過(guo)硝(xiao)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)石(shi)(shi)膏。附(fu)子、干姜(jiang)、肉桂(gui)(gui)、細(xi)辛、麻(ma)(ma)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)、桂(gui)(gui)枝趨(qu)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)；石(shi)(shi)膏、大(da)(da)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)、芒(mang)硝(xiao)、黃(huang)(huang)(huang)連造陰(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)端，雖(sui)百藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)皆(jie)(jie)(jie)具(ju)陰(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)二性(xing)，然(ran)無(wu)(wu)(wu)出(chu)(chu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)右(you)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，能(neng)諳此竣烈(lie)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)品，則(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)平和(he)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)輩自能(neng)洞(dong)澈。有(you)(you)(you)(you)非(fei)常(chang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)醫(yi)而(er)(er)(er)(er)后(hou)可(ke)使非(fei)常(chang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)，有(you)(you)(you)(you)非(fei)常(chang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)而(er)(er)(er)(er)后(hou)可(ke)療(liao)非(fei)常(chang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)病。欲救(jiu)危篤于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)涂炭，解疾(ji)(ji)(ji)苦(ku)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)倒(dao)懸者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)多藉(jie)峻猛之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)劑(ji)(ji)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)吳氏手中(zhong)，姜(jiang)、附(fu)、麻(ma)(ma)、桂(gui)(gui)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)消(xiao)冰融雪迎萬(wan)(wan)(wan)物(wu)(wu)回春之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)麗照；石(shi)(shi)膏、硝(xiao)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)乃沃焦救(jiu)焚滋萬(wan)(wan)(wan)物(wu)(wu)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)祜(hu)槁之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)甘露(lu)。并認為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)四逆(ni)、承(cheng)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi) 為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)先(xian)后(hou)天(tian)(tian)(tian)并重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)方(fang)，能(neng)起死(si)回生(sheng)(sheng)應(ying)用(yong)無(wu)(wu)(wu)窮。因而(er)(er)(er)(er)諸陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)足皆(jie)(jie)(jie)可(ke)賴(lai)姜(jiang)、附(fu)、肉桂(gui)(gui)扶(fu)(fu)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)抑陰(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)，益火(huo)(huo)(huo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)源以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)消(xiao)陰(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)翳，補少(shao)(shao)(shao)火(huo)(huo)(huo)而(er)(er)(er)(er)生(sheng)(sheng)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi) ；諸熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)傷(shang)(shang)陰(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)則(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)可(ke)求硝(xiao)、黃(huang)(huang)(huang)、石(shi)(shi)膏“扶(fu)(fu)陰(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)抑陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)，壯(zhuang)(zhuang)水(shui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)主(zhu)(zhu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)制(zhi)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)光，即瀉壯(zhuang)(zhuang)火(huo)(huo)(huo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)免食(shi)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。可(ke)見陰(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)無(wu)(wu)(wu)論(lun)微甚(shen).均(jun)可(ke)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)十大(da)(da)“主(zhu)(zhu)帥(shuai)(shuai) 中(zhong)求之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi).但(dan)能(neng)熟諳中(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)十大(da)(da) 主(zhu)(zhu)帥(shuai)(shuai)，巧以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)配伍(wu)，則(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)諸病幾能(neng)迎治(zhi)而(er)(er)(er)(er)勿多它求。大(da)(da)凡治(zhi)病無(wu)(wu)(wu)外祛邪(xie)(xie)與扶(fu)(fu)正(zheng)，此治(zhi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)兩(liang)(liang)儀也(ye)(ye)。祛邪(xie)(xie)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)扶(fu)(fu)正(zheng)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，猶如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)賊寇亂(luan)國，攻(gong)賊即是安民 ； 扶(fu)(fu)正(zheng)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)祛邪(xie)(xie)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)，因 邪(xie)(xie)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)湊其(qi)(qi)(qi)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)必(bi)虛，正(zheng)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)得復邪(xie)(xie)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)自退，《易(yi)》所(suo)(suo)謂(wei)(wei)君子道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)長，小(xiao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)消(xiao)。攻(gong)邪(xie)(xie)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)也(ye)(ye)、剛也(ye)(ye)、霸道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)也(ye)(ye)； 扶(fu)(fu)正(zheng)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)陰(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)也(ye)(ye)、柔也(ye)(ye)、王(wang)(wang)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)也(ye)(ye)。然(ran)無(wu)(wu)(wu)論(lun)霸道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)、王(wang)(wang)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)，但(dan)能(neng)治(zhi)國平天(tian)(tian)(tian)下，療(liao)疾(ji)(ji)(ji)安五(wu)臟，皆(jie)(jie)(jie)是良(liang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)。故(gu)(gu)《文中(zhong)子》云 以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)王(wang)(wang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)德也(ye)(ye)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)兵(bing)王(wang)(wang)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)亦德也(ye)(ye)。吳氏崇尚南(nan)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)，治(zhi)病首重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)祛邪(xie)(xie)。認為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“扶(fu)(fu)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)祛寒(han)(han)(han)，宜(yi)溫(wen)而(er)(er)(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)宜(yi)補，溫(wen)則(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)血(xue)流通，補則(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)寒(han)(han)(han)濕易(yi)滯(《著名中(zhong)醫(yi)學(xue)家的學(xue)術經(jing)(jing)(jing)驗·吳佩衡(heng)》)，故(gu)(gu)所(suo)(suo)論(lun)中(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)十大(da)(da) 主(zhu)(zhu)帥(shuai)(shuai) 均(jun)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)祛邪(xie)(xie)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)劑(ji)(ji)而(er)(er)(er)(er)無(wu)(wu)(wu)滋補之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)品。對于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)表(biao)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)，守《內經(jing)(jing)(jing)》其(qi)(qi)(qi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)皮者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)汗而(er)(er)(er)(er)發之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi) 之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)訓，把住 太(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang) 一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)關，采用(yong)桂(gui)(gui)枝湯、麻(ma)(ma)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)湯、麻(ma)(ma)杏甘石(shi)(shi)湯或(huo)麻(ma)(ma)辛附(fu)子湯分別擅治(zhi)，對癥(zheng)下藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)，往往一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)汗而(er)(er)(er)(er)解。(《吳佩衡(heng)醫(yi)案(an)》)對于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)溫(wen)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)和(he)里(li)寒(han)(han)(han)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)，悉(xi)(xi)本(ben)《內經(jing)(jing)(jing)》亢則(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)害，承(cheng)乃制(zhi)，制(zhi)則(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)生(sheng)(sheng)化 及 壯(zhuang)(zhuang)火(huo)(huo)(huo)食(shi)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，少(shao)(shao)(shao)火(huo)(huo)(huo)生(sheng)(sheng)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi) 之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)旨立法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)處(chu)方(fang) 認為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei) 邪(xie)(xie)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)壯(zhuang)(zhuang)火(huo)(huo)(huo)必(bi)須(xu)消(xiao)滅，真陰(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)少(shao)(shao)(shao)火(huo)(huo)(huo)，決不(bu)(bu)可(ke)損 當(dang) 壯(zhuang)(zhuang)火(huo)(huo)(huo)食(shi)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi) 傷(shang)(shang)陰(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)耗(hao)液時(shi)，無(wu)(wu)(wu)糧之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)師，貴在(zai)(zai)(zai)速戰，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)承(cheng)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)釜底抽薪(xin) 急下存(cun)陰(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)白虎之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)甘寒(han)(han)(han) 養(yang)陰(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)制(zhi)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)，俾 壯(zhuang)(zhuang)火(huo)(huo)(huo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)衰 則(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze) 少(shao)(shao)(shao)火(huo)(huo)(huo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)壯(zhuang)(zhuang)，這便是益氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，便是養(yang)陰(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)。嘗云 芒(mang)硝(xiao)最能(neng)生(sheng)(sheng)金(jin)補水(shui)，與大(da)(da)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)同(tong)用(yong) 有(you)(you)(you)(you)滋陰(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)補水(shui) 之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)功，而(er)(er)(er)(er)石(shi)(shi)膏能(neng)清熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)滅火(huo)(huo)(huo)而(er)(er)(er)(er)救(jiu)焚，有(you)(you)(you)(you)起死(si)回生(sheng)(sheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)效。而(er)(er)(er)(er)當(dang)少(shao)(shao)(shao)火(huo)(huo)(huo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)衰，寒(han)(han)(han)從內生(sheng)(sheng)或(huo)寒(han)(han)(han)邪(xie)(xie)直中(zhong)三陰(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)，戕伐陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)時(shi)則(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)在(zai)(zai)(zai) 溫(wen)扶(fu)(fu)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，資四逆(ni)輩助少(shao)(shao)(shao)火(huo)(huo)(huo)生(sheng)(sheng)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，寒(han)(han)(han)散陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)復.便是益氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。此所(suo)(suo)謂(wei)(wei)舉兇(xiong)器(qi)必(bi)殺(sha)，殺(sha)所(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)生(sheng)(sheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(《呂氏春秋(qiu)·論(lun)威》)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)理(li)(li)，故(gu)(gu)多藉(jie)姜(jiang)、附(fu)、硝(xiao)、黃(huang)(huang)(huang)而(er)(er)(er)(er)少(shao)(shao)(shao)假參、芪、歸、地，此深(shen)(shen)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)層(ceng)補法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)，非(fei)深(shen)(shen)究藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)物(wu)(wu)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)化之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)弗可(ke)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)。故(gu)(gu)中(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)十大(da)(da)主(zhu)(zhu)帥(shuai)(shuai)不(bu)(bu)特(te)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)定國之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)良(liang)將，亦是安邦之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)賢臣也(ye)(ye)。

2、心腎，寶陽為(wei)要務人與(yu)天地相(xiang)參，與(yu)日月(yue)相(xiang)應

天(tian)(tian)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)陽(yang)，地為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)陰.日(ri)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)陽(yang)，月(yue)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)陰，在(zai)人(ren)(ren)(ren)體心(xin)主火(huo)居(ju)上(shang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)陽(yang)，腎(shen)主水居(ju)下為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)陰。心(xin)腎(shen)者(zhe)，坎(kan)離也(ye)(ye)(ye)，人(ren)(ren)(ren)體之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)兩儀。日(ri)月(yue)往(wang)來而(er)(er)成晝夜之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)常，心(xin)腎(shen)交(jiao)泰(tai)而(er)(er)就五臟之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)和，《周易參同契(qi)》所謂(wei) 坎(kan)離冠首.光輝垂敷，故心(xin)腎(shen)者(zhe)先(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)天(tian)(tian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)本也(ye)(ye)(ye)。吳(wu)氏強(qiang)調(diao) 先(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)天(tian)(tian)心(xin)腎(shen)是(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)身中(zhong)(zhong)最(zui)寶(bao)貴之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)主要(yao)生(sheng)命(ming)(ming)(ming)線，認(ren)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)先(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)天(tian)(tian)心(xin)腎(shen)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)母，后天(tian)(tian)脾胃(wei)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)子(zi)，先(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)天(tian)(tian)真(zhen)(zhen)火(huo)乃生(sheng)命(ming)(ming)(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)火(huo)種，先(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)天(tian)(tian)真(zhen)(zhen)水乃生(sheng)命(ming)(ming)(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)沃土，上(shang)奉無窮(qiong)者(zhe)，唯此(ci)(ci)真(zhen)(zhen)陰、真(zhen)(zhen)陽(yang)二氣(qi)而(er)(er)已。二氣(qi)充足，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)多壽：二氣(qi)衰(shuai)弱，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)多天(tian)(tian)；二氣(qi)絕滅，其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)則(ze)死(si)。指出 世之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)患脾胃(wei)病 雖(sui)屬(shu)于(yu)后天(tian)(tian)脾胃(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)疾，而(er)(er)先(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)天(tian)(tian)心(xin)腎(shen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)衰(shuai)弱實為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主要(yao)原因(yin)，若為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)脾腎(shen)兩虛……必賴桂附(fu)(fu)(fu)理中(zhong)(zhong)以(yi)獲效，如獨(du)用(yong)理中(zhong)(zhong)湯專樸(pu)后天(tian)(tian)脾胃(wei)，是(shi)否能制寒水補少火(huo)而(er)(er)使病全愈尚屬(shu)疑(yi)問(wen)(《醫藥(yao)(yao)簡(jian)述》)。吳(wu)氏在(zai)強(qiang)調(diao)先(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)天(tian)(tian)心(xin)腎(shen)的(de)同時(shi)又尤為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)注(zhu)重真(zhen)(zhen)陽(yang)。認(ren)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)陽(yang)氣(qi)乃人(ren)(ren)(ren)立(li)命(ming)(ming)(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)根，并(bing)(bing)延(yan)引(yin)《周易》、《內經(jing)》、《中(zhong)(zhong)藏經(jing)》及后賢之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)論以(yi)助其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)說，由于(yu)陽(yang)者(zhe)生(sheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)本 故 宜常益。陽(yang)者(zhe)真(zhen)(zhen)火(huo)也(ye)(ye)(ye)，天(tian)(tian)非(fei)此(ci)(ci)火(huo)不(bu)能發(fa)育萬(wan)物，人(ren)(ren)(ren)非(fei)此(ci)(ci)火(huo)不(bu)能生(sheng)養命(ming)(ming)(ming)根，所以(yi)當隨時(shi)注(zhu)意顧護陽(yang)氣(qi)。縱觀歷史，橫覽諸賢，寶(bao)陽(yang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)說甚眾。自《內經(jing)》倡明 陽(yang)氣(qi)者(zhe)若天(tian)(tian)與日(ri)。失其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)所則(ze)折壽而(er)(er)不(bu)彰 之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)論后，繼世諸家代有發(fa)揮。屈原《天(tian)(tian)問(wen)》云 天(tian)(tian)式縱橫，陽(yang)離愛(ai)死(si)，道家《丹經(jing)》謂(wei) 分(fen)陰未(wei)盡則(ze)不(bu)仙，分(fen)陽(yang)未(wei)盡則(ze)不(bu)死(si)，明季張景(jing)岳(yue)特作《大(da)寶(bao)論》指出 天(tian)(tian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大(da)寶(bao)只(zhi)此(ci)(ci)一(yi)丸紅(hong)日(ri)，人(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大(da)寶(bao)只(zhi)此(ci)(ci)一(yi)息真(zhen)(zhen)陽(yang)，陽(yang)氣(qi)至重如此(ci)(ci)不(bu)言(yan)而(er)(er)喻。因(yin)于(yu)此(ci)(ci)，吳(wu)氏將一(yi)團烈火(huo) 的(de)附(fu)(fu)(fu)子(zi)作為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)回陽(yang)救逆第一(yi)品(pin)藥(yao)(yao) 而(er)(er)列于(yu)中(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)十大(da) 主帥(shuai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)首，并(bing)(bing)精研而(er)(er)廣用(yong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，且博引(yin)陳修園、張隱庵(an)、黃元御、鄭欽安等論以(yi)強(qiang)調(diao)附(fu)(fu)(fu)子(zi)的(de)宏(hong)功及早用(yong)，重用(yong)的(de)必要(yao)性。由是(shi)可(ke)明世稱(cheng)先(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)生(sheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)吳(wu)附(fu)(fu)(fu)子(zi)的(de)深義了(le)。

3、藥貴精，治(zhi)病必求本

方(fang)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)如(ru)(ru)林，而(er)(er)(er)吳(wu)(wu)氏(shi)但(dan)立中藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)十(shi)大 主(zhu)帥為(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)干(gan)，方(fang)立桂、麻、四逆 白虎、承氣(qi)為(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)主(zhu)，若不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)明治病(bing)(bing)求本(ben)(ben)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道，何能(neng)以之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)應百疾?凡萬(wan)(wan)(wan)事 其(qi)(qi)本(ben)(ben)亂，而(er)(er)(er)末治者否矣(yi)(《大學》，故(gu)治本(ben)(ben)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道，非(fei)獨為(wei)(wei)醫(yi)所(suo)重，歷代政治家、哲學家、軍(jun)事家皆然(ran)。《易》云 建其(qi)(qi)本(ben)(ben)而(er)(er)(er)萬(wan)(wan)(wan)物(wu)理(li)，孔子(zi)云 本(ben)(ben)立而(er)(er)(er)道生 ； 兵(bing)法(fa)《三十(shi)六計》專有(you)(you)(you) 擒(qin)賊擒(qin)王(wang)計 之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)論(lun)(lun)。吳(wu)(wu)氏(shi)嘗(chang)言(yan) 治病(bing)(bing)必(bi)(bi)求其(qi)(qi)本(ben)(ben)，本(ben)(ben)周而(er)(er)(er)標自(zi)立矣(yi)。蓋天下之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)病(bing)(bing)，變(bian)態(tai)雖多，其(qi)(qi)本(ben)(ben)則(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)一(yi)(yi)，但(dan) 摧其(qi)(qi)堅，奪其(qi)(qi)魁，拔其(qi)(qi)本(ben)(ben) 則(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)諸(zhu)癥盡除。陽(yang)氣(qi)亢極但(dan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)純陰(yin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)劑(ji)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)雜(za)一(yi)(yi)毫(hao)陽(yang)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)，育陰(yin)正(zheng)(zheng)以濟陽(yang)：陰(yin)氣(qi)極甚(shen)，但(dan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)純陽(yang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)劑(ji)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)雜(za)一(yi)(yi)毫(hao)陰(yin)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)，扶陽(yang)正(zheng)(zheng)以濟陰(yin)；病(bing)(bing)在(zai)表則(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)辛散(san)以汗，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)混一(yi)(yi)毫(hao)里藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)，表解而(er)(er)(er)里自(zi)和，所(suo)謂 澄(cheng)其(qi)(qi)源而(er)(er)(er)流自(zi)清，灌其(qi)(qi)根而(er)(er)(er)枝(zhi)乃茂(mao)。若不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)洞察真諦直(zhi)取其(qi)(qi)本(ben)(ben)而(er)(er)(er)面(mian)面(mian)俱到 廣絡原野，則(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)必(bi)(bi)事倍功半徒勞(lao)而(er)(er)(er)已。明確治病(bing)(bing)求本(ben)(ben)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)要(yao)(yao)，又當集中優勢兵(bing)力并(bing)力搗其(qi)(qi)中堅，方(fang)能(neng)克敵(di)(di)制勝。醫(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)伐(fa)病(bing)(bing)，猶將之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)伐(fa)敵(di)(di)。將之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)伐(fa)敵(di)(di) 兵(bing)甲器械欲其(qi)(qi)利(li)也，選(xuan)練角(jiao)材欲其(qi)(qi)精也(《呂(lv)氏(shi)春秋。簡選(xuan)》)，只要(yao)(yao) 簡選(xuan)精良(liang)，兵(bing)械鐳利(li)(同(tong)上)又能(neng)克期不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)愆，布陣有(you)(you)(you)方(fang)，則(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)能(neng) 發(fa)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)則(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)失，縱(zong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)則(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)當(同(tong)上)；醫(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)伐(fa)病(bing)(bing)，藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)貴(gui)繁(fan)(fan)，唯取其(qi)(qi)效，但(dan)能(neng)精選(xuan)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)味，嚴謹制方(fang)，審之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)何經受病(bing)(bing)，何為(wei)(wei)成積，見之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)既確，發(fa)直(zhi)人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)病(bing)(bing)以討之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，何患其(qi)(qi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)愈。(《醫(yi)宗必(bi)(bi)讀》)。若 不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)究病(bing)(bing)因，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)問病(bing)(bing)狀，而(er)(er)(er)概以不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)著痛癢，無甚(shen)寒溫之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)籠(long)統十(shi)數(shu)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)一(yi)(yi)例(li)投之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，可(ke)望去病(bing)(bing)者 未之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)有(you)(you)(you)也(王(wang)德(de)森《穩(wen)當之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)方(fang)論(lun)(lun)》)。觀吳(wu)(wu)氏(shi)醫(yi)案，其(qi)(qi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)謂不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)精，其(qi)(qi)法(fa)度不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)謂不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)嚴，嘗(chang)云 正(zheng)(zheng)治之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)方(fang)決(jue)(jue)勿夾雜(za)其(qi)(qi)它藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)品，如(ru)(ru)果加人(ren)寒涼之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)劑(ji)則(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)引邪深(shen)人(ren)； 加人(ren)補劑(ji)猶閉門(men)留(liu)寇，必(bi)(bi)致傳(chuan)經變(bian)證(zheng)，漸轉(zhuan)危篤費(fei)治(《醫(yi)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)簡述》)。師克在(zai)和不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)在(zai)眾(zhong)(zhong)(《左傳(chuan)·桓公(gong)十(shi)一(yi)(yi)年》)，吳(wu)(wu)起以五(wu)(wu)萬(wan)(wan)(wan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)眾(zhong)(zhong)破秦(qin)五(wu)(wu)十(shi)萬(wan)(wan)(wan)，此兵(bing)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)在(zai)多，而(er)(er)(er)在(zai)勇(《吳(wu)(wu)子(zi)·勵士》)，故(gu)孫臏總結(jie)說 眾(zhong)(zhong)，未居(ju)勝也，少，未居(ju)敗也，百萬(wan)(wan)(wan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)眾(zhong)(zhong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)命，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)如(ru)(ru)萬(wan)(wan)(wan)人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)斗也：萬(wan)(wan)(wan)人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)斗不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)如(ru)(ru)百人(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)奮也(《尉繚子(zi)·兵(bing)令(ling)》)。若軍(jun)大卒(zu)多而(er)(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)斗 則(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze) 眾(zhong)(zhong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)若其(qi)(qi)寡也(《呂(lv)氏(shi)春秋。決(jue)(jue)勝》)，所(suo)以用(yong)(yong)(yong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)最忌夾雜(za)，因 氣(qi)純而(er)(er)(er)功愈速，攻補雜(za)施(shi)，弗能(neng)專力(《續醫(yi)說’處方(fang)貴(gui)簡》)。故(gu)吳(wu)(wu)氏(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)尚繁(fan)(fan)蕪，唯求力專，君臣佐使朗若列眉，反對用(yong)(yong)(yong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao) 牛屎拌馬(ma)糞”，沒(mei)有(you)(you)(you)目標，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)分主(zhu)次，雜(za)亂相投，反使藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)力白毀醫(yi)手。每取勝于四、五(wu)(wu)味之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)間，其(qi)(qi)所(suo)論(lun)(lun)中藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)十(shi)大 主(zhu)帥 乃集寒熱(re)兩類藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)物(wu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)精良(liang)，桂、麻、四逆、白虎、承氣(qi)則(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)是(shi)陰(yin)陽(yang)二(er)證(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)猛將，如(ru)(ru)“糾糾武(wu)夫，公(gong)候干(gan)城(《詩經。國風》)，吳(wu)(wu)氏(shi) 靈活運用(yong)(yong)(yong)，加減(jian)化裁，東檔西(xi)殺，南征北剿，而(er)(er)(er)收戰無不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)勝，攻無不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)克之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)效(《醫(yi)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)簡述》)。

4、結語

吳佩衡先生(sheng)在(zai)《中(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)十(shi)大(da)(da)主(zhu)帥(shuai)》中(zhong)(zhong)說：據(ju)余數十(shi)年經(jing)驗，如能(neng)(neng)(neng)掌握(wo)其(qi)(qi)性能(neng)(neng)(neng)，與其(qi)(qi)它藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)物配伍(wu)得當，且(qie)(qie)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)違背辯證(zheng)論治的(de)精神……不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)但(dan)治一般常見疾病(bing)效(xiao)(xiao)若桴鼓，并且(qie)(qie)治大(da)(da)多數疑難(nan)重證(zheng)及頑固沉疴，亦無不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)應手(shou)奏(zou)效(xiao)(xiao)(《醫(yi)(yi)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)簡(jian)述(shu)》)。可(ke)見中(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)十(shi)大(da)(da)主(zhu)帥(shuai)是(shi)(shi)(shi)吳氏(shi)在(zai)總結前人(ren)用(yong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)經(jing)驗的(de)基礎上結合自己(ji)臨床實(shi)踐的(de)結晶重先天，寶陽(yang)氣是(shi)(shi)(shi)吳氏(shi)畢生(sheng)的(de)治病(bing)思想。主(zhu)張對(dui)于(yu)(yu)陽(yang)虛(xu)陰寒證(zheng)的(de)治療，必須抓住溫扶(fu)先天心腎(shen)陽(yang)氣這(zhe)一主(zhu)要環節，方(fang)(fang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)獲得陽(yang)復陰退，克敵制勝的(de)效(xiao)(xiao)果(《著(zhu)(zhu)名中(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)學家的(de)學術(shu)經(jing)驗》)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)于(yu)(yu)回陽(yang)救逆之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong)流(liu)砥柱— — 附子的(de)研究(jiu)頗深，且(qie)(qie)十(shi)大(da)(da) 主(zhu)帥(shuai) 中(zhong)(zhong)溫熱之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)劑重于(yu)(yu)寒涼之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)品(pin)。治病(bing)必求其(qi)(qi)本 是(shi)(shi)(shi)吳氏(shi)遵循的(de)原則，臨證(zheng)單刀直人(ren)，逕取中(zhong)(zhong)軍，本之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一撥，諸癥自潰。攻之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)即(ji)所以(yi)(yi)(yi)補之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乃吳氏(shi)克守的(de)法(fa)則。嘗引陳修(xiu)園云以(yi)(yi)(yi)毒藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)攻邪，是(shi)(shi)(shi)回生(sheng)妙手(shou)，后人(ren)立補等法(fa)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)模棱巧術(shu)，認為(wei)祛邪即(ji)是(shi)(shi)(shi)扶(fu)正(zheng)，攘外即(ji)所以(yi)(yi)(yi)安(an)內，故(gu)(gu)(gu)所論中(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)十(shi)大(da)(da)主(zhu)帥(shuai) 均為(wei)攻堅摧(cui)固之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)品(pin)。方(fang)(fang)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)精煉為(wei)吳氏(shi)的(de)用(yong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)特(te)點(dian)“藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)無次序(xu)，兵(bing)無紀律(《珍珠囊指(zhi)掌》)，兵(bing)力分(fen)散，藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)力相抵，欲破(po)敵愈病(bing)者(zhe)鮮(xian)矣(yi)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)吳氏(shi)用(yong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)雜掣肘(zhou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)劑，崇尚仲景方(fang)(fang)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)法(fa)度(du)，守之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)而(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)泥，變之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)而(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)悖，故(gu)(gu)(gu)郭奇遠稱道吳氏(shi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)真能(neng)(neng)(neng)善讀仲景書者(zhe)(《全國名醫(yi)(yi)驗案類編續編》)。吳氏(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)十(shi)大(da)(da) 主(zhu)帥(shuai) 的(de)立論基礎殆源于(yu)(yu)他的(de)這(zhe)些(xie)獨(du)特(te)的(de)理(li)法(fa)方(fang)(fang)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)醫(yi)(yi)學思想。雖(sui)中(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)十(shi)大(da)(da) 主(zhu)帥(shuai) 力宏功著(zhu)(zhu)，然如 診斷不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)確，或(huo)配伍(wu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)當，則不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)但(dan)無效(xiao)(xiao)，而(er)(er)反使病(bing)情增劇，變證(zheng)百出(chu)(《醫(yi)(yi)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)簡(jian)述(shu)》)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)吳氏(shi)特(te)告誡云 于(yu)(yu)臨證(zheng)時，應分(fen)清虛(xu)實(shi)寒熱，當用(yong)則用(yong)，有(you)是(shi)(shi)(shi)病(bing)用(yong)是(shi)(shi)(shi)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)……切勿以(yi)(yi)(yi)人(ren)命為(wei)兒(er)戲。吉兇生(sheng)于(yu)(yu)肘(zhou)腋，春華發于(yu)(yu)指(zhi)下(xia)，峻(jun)猛(meng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)劑既可(ke)起死于(yu)(yu)瞬閫，亦能(neng)(neng)(neng)斃命于(yu)(yu)傾刻(ke)，故(gu)(gu)(gu)吳氏(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言(yan)又不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)忽也(ye)。古人(ren)云 師(shi)(shi)其(qi)(qi)法(fa)而(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)師(shi)(shi)其(qi)(qi)意。不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)謂之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)師(shi)(shi)，師(shi)(shi)其(qi)(qi)跡(ji)而(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)師(shi)(shi)其(qi)(qi)神，亦不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)謂之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)師(shi)(shi)，對(dui)吳佩衡先生(sheng)的(de)學術(shu)思想何以(yi)(yi)(yi)學之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、師(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、用(yong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，或(huo)得或(huo)失(shi)，自可(ke)明矣(yi)。

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