與以前(qian)的報道(dao)相反(fan)，英國(guo)倫(lun)敦全(quan)英哮(xiao)喘(chuan)治療協作(zuo)(zuo)組(zu)的Tak H.Lee博士等人的研究表明，常(chang)規使用舒(shu)喘(chuan)寧等吸(xi)入型短效beta腎上腺素(su)受體拮抗劑性支氣管擴張(zhang)藥不會(hui)增(zeng)加哮(xiao)喘(chuan)的發作(zuo)(zuo)。
Lee博士(shi)等人(ren)對983例哮喘患(huan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)進行了(le)12個月的(de)觀察，這(zhe)(zhe)些(xie)患(huan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)每周至少用(yong)2次(ci)短(duan)效支氣(qi)管擴(kuo)張(zhang)藥，90%的(de)患(huan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)每天吸入(ru)類固醇激(ji)素治(zhi)療。將這(zhe)(zhe)些(xie)患(huan)者(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)隨機分為2組，一(yi)組每天吸入(ru)4次(ci)最(zui)大(da)推薦(jian)劑(ji)量的(de)舒喘寧，另一(yi)組每天吸入(ru)4次(ci)安慰劑(ji)。結果發現，兩組間(jian)哮喘發作(zuo)的(de)時間(jian)、次(ci)數等均(jun)無明顯差別，肺功能也基(ji)本(ben)相同。上(shang)述研究結果發表在最(zui)近一(yi)期《柳(liu)葉刀》雜志上(shang)。
Lee博士認為，哮(xiao)喘(chuan)的惡化(hua)與使用(yong)舒(shu)喘(chuan)寧(ning)這類緩(huan)解癥狀的藥(yao)物無關(guan)，不過頻繁使用(yong)舒(shu)喘(chuan)寧(ning)類藥(yao)物提示哮(xiao)喘(chuan)未得到有效控制，需要進行抗炎等輔助治療。
1、脫離變應原：防治哮喘最有效的方法
2、藥物治療：（1）、緩解哮喘發作 擴張支氣管常用藥物有舒喘寧、喘康速、異丙阿托品等
（2）、控制哮喘發作 抗炎藥糖皮質激素是最有效的藥物
希望對您有用！
目錄1拼(pin)(pin)音2英(ying)文參考3概述4特(te)布(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)他林(lin)(lin)(lin)說明書(shu) 4.1藥(yao)品名稱(cheng)4.2英(ying)文名稱(cheng)4.3叔丁(ding)喘寧(ning)的別名4.4分(fen)類4.5性(xing)狀4.6劑型4.7特(te)布(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)他林(lin)(lin)(lin)的藥(yao)理作(zuo)用(yong)4.8特(te)布(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)他林(lin)(lin)(lin)的藥(yao)代動力學4.9特(te)布(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)他林(lin)(lin)(lin)的適應證(zheng)4.10特(te)布(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)他林(lin)(lin)(lin)的禁忌證(zheng)4.11注意事項4.12特(te)布(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)他林(lin)(lin)(lin)的不良反應4.13特(te)布(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)他林(lin)(lin)(lin)的用(yong)法用(yong)量(liang)4.14叔丁(ding)喘寧(ning)與其它藥(yao)物的相互(hu)作(zuo)用(yong)4.15專家點評(ping) 5特(te)布(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)他林(lin)(lin)(lin)中毒 5.1臨床(chuang)表現(xian)5.2診斷5.3治療 6參考資料這是一個重定向條目，共(gong)享了特(te)布(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)他林(lin)(lin)(lin)的內容。為方便閱(yue)讀，下文中的特(te)布(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)他林(lin)(lin)(lin) 已經自動替換(huan)為叔丁(ding)喘寧(ning) ，可點此恢復(fu)原貌 ，或(huo)使(shi)用(yong)備(bei)注方式展(zhan)現(xian) 1拼(pin)(pin)音 shū dīng chuǎn níng
2英(ying)文參考[化(hua)]terbutaline
3概述 叔丁喘(chuan)寧是一種主要作用于(yu)支(zhi)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)平(ping)滑(hua)肌(ji)和子(zi)(zi)宮(gong)肌(ji)層(ceng)的(de)選擇性β2腎(shen)上腺受體激動劑(ji)，使支(zhi)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)平(ping)滑(hua)肌(ji)和子(zi)(zi)宮(gong)平(ping)滑(hua)肌(ji)舒張，并可增加氣(qi)(qi)(qi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)、支(zhi)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)纖毛運動，促進黏(nian)液稀釋(shi)。口服吸(xi)收良好，也可由(you)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)霧吸(xi)入。用于(yu)治療支(zhi)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)哮(xiao)喘(chuan)、喘(chuan)息性支(zhi)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)炎。
4叔丁喘寧說明書
2.吸入(ru)劑：50mg，每噴(pen)0.25mg，每瓶噴(pen)200次(ci)。
3.氣(qi)霧(wu)劑：50mg，100mg，每(mei)撳0.25mg，每(mei)瓶噴200次(ci)、400次(ci)。
2.糖尿病婦女使用(yong)叔(shu)丁喘寧應注(zhu)意(yi)調整胰(yi)島素用(yong)量。
3.在必須(xu)中止妊娠(shen)的情況下，如死胎、宮內感染(ran)、嚴重的妊娠(shen)毒(du)癥，須(xu)停用叔丁(ding)喘寧。
2.氣霧(wu)吸入：成人每(mei)次0.2mg，每(mei)天3～4次。
3.皮(pi)下注(zhu)射(she)：每次0.25mg，如15～30min無明顯臨床改(gai)善，可重(zhong)復注(zhu)射(she)1次，但4h中(zhong)總量不能超(chao)過0.5mg。
2.單(dan)胺(an)氧化化酶抑制劑(ji)、三(san)環類抗抑郁劑(ji)、抗組胺(an)藥、左甲(jia)狀腺素等可增強叔丁喘寧的不良反應。
3.叔丁喘寧與(yu)琥珀(po)酰膽堿合用，可(ke)增強后者的肌松作(zuo)用。
4.叔丁喘寧能減(jian)弱胍乙啶的降血壓作(zuo)用。
5.叔丁喘寧可(ke)增強非保鉀利尿藥的毒不良反應。
6.腎上腺(xian)素β受體阻滯藥（如(ru)醋丁洛(luo)爾(er)、阿替洛(luo)爾(er)、拉貝洛(luo)爾(er)、美托洛(luo)爾(er)、納多洛(luo)爾(er)、吲哚洛(luo)爾(er)、普萘洛(luo)爾(er)、噻嗎(ma)洛(luo)爾(er)等）能拮抗叔(shu)丁喘寧作(zuo)用，使(shi)療效降低。
7.叔丁(ding)喘寧(ning)與(yu)胰島(dao)素(su)或口服降糖藥合用時(shi)，須調整(zheng)后者的劑(ji)量。
8.叔丁喘寧與(yu)茶(cha)堿合用時(shi)。可降低茶(cha)堿的血藥濃度。
5叔(shu)丁喘(chuan)(chuan)寧中毒 叔(shu)丁喘(chuan)(chuan)寧（博(bo)利康(kang)尼、間羥舒(shu)喘(chuan)(chuan)靈、特布他林、喘(chuan)(chuan)康(kang)速(su)）是一種主要(yao)作用(yong)于(yu)支氣管(guan)平滑肌和子宮肌層的(de)選(xuan)擇(ze)性β2腎上腺受體激動(dong)劑，使支氣管(guan)平滑肌和子宮平滑肌舒(shu)張，并可(ke)增加(jia)氣管(guan)、支氣管(guan)纖毛運動(dong)，促進黏(nian)液稀釋。口服吸收良好，生物(wu)利用(yong)度(du)15%±6%，30min起效(xiao)，有效(xiao)血漿濃度(du)3μg/ml。也可(ke)由氣霧吸入。用(yong)于(yu)治(zhi)療(liao)支氣管(guan)哮喘(chuan)(chuan)、喘(chuan)(chuan)息性支氣管(guan)炎。[1]
1.治療量副作(zuo)用少，也有震顫(zhan)、強直性(xing)痙(jing)攣(luan)和心悸的(de)報道(dao)(dao)。偶見惡(e)心、胃(wei)不適等消化(hua)道(dao)(dao)表(biao)現(xian)。口服5mg時，手(shou)指(zhi)震顫(zhan)的(de)發生率可達20%～33%。
2.大劑量應用可出現明(ming)顯的(de)心(xin)(xin)血管(guan)副(fu)作用，為(wei)交感神(shen)經興奮的(de)癥狀，甚至(zhi)發(fa)生心(xin)(xin)律失常。
3.有(you)發生(sheng)過敏反應(ying)的報告。
4.糖尿病患者(zhe)應用本藥時，有(you)升高血糖的作用。
有叔丁喘寧(ning)應(ying)用史，出(chu)現上述表(biao)現。
1.不良反應一般(ban)在減量或延長給藥的間隔時間，可以緩解。
2.發生過(guo)敏反應時立即停(ting)藥。
支(zhi)(zhi)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)管(guan)(guan)哮(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)喘(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan) 二(er)(er)、藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)治療(liao)(liao)(liao)治療(liao)(liao)(liao) 哮(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)喘(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)因(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)其(qi)均具有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)平(ping)喘(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，常(chang)稱(cheng)為(wei)(wei)平(ping)喘(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)，臨床上(shang)(shang)根據(ju)他(ta)(ta)們作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)方(fang)(fang)面又將其(qi)分(fen)(fen)為(wei)(wei)： (一(yi))支(zhi)(zhi)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)管(guan)(guan)舒(shu)張(zhang)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)，此類(lei)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)除(chu)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)為(wei)(wei)舒(shu)張(zhang)支(zhi)(zhi)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)管(guan)(guan)，控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)哮(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)喘(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)急(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)癥(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)狀(zhuang)。 1、β2激(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)：β2激(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)通(tong)過激(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)道平(ping)滑(hua)肌的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)β2-受體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)，活(huo)(huo)化(hua)(hua)腺(xian)?酸(suan)(suan)環(huan)化(hua)(hua)?，使細(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)內(nei)(nei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)環(huan)磷(lin)腺(xian)?(cAMP)含量(liang)增(zeng)(zeng)加(jia)，游離(li)Ca2+減少(shao)，從(cong)而(er)(er)松(song)弛支(zhi)(zhi)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)管(guan)(guan)平(ping)滑(hua)肌。是(shi)(shi)(shi)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)哮(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)喘(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)急(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)發(fa)(fa)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)癥(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)狀(zhuang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)首選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)。也(ye)能激(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)肥大細(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)膜上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)β2-受體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)，抑(yi)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)介質(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)釋(shi)(shi)放(fang)(fang)(fang)。但(dan)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)期(qi)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)可(ke)(ke)引(yin)起(qi)β2-受體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)功(gong)能下(xia)(xia)調和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)道反(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)增(zeng)(zeng)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)，因(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)此，經(jing)(jing)常(chang)需用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)β2激(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)者(zhe)(zhe)(�8�92次(ci)/周)，應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)該(gai)配合(he)(he)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)期(qi)規律應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)激(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)素(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)。此類(lei)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)數十個品種(zhong)(zhong)，可(ke)(ke)分(fen)(fen)成三(san)(san)(san)代(dai)(dai)。�9�9第一(yi)代(dai)(dai)：非(fei)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)β2激(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，如(ru)(ru)腎上(shang)(shang)腺(xian)素(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)、麻(ma)黃素(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)異(yi)丙(bing)(bing)腎上(shang)(shang)腺(xian)素(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)等(deng)，因(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)其(qi)心血管(guan)(guan)副作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)多(duo)而(er)(er)已(yi)被高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)β2激(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)所代(dai)(dai)替(ti)。�9�0第二(er)(er)代(dai)(dai)：選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)短效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)β2激(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，如(ru)(ru)沙丁(ding)胺醇(salbutamol)、特(te)布他(ta)(ta)林(terbutaline)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)酚(fen)丙(bing)(bing)喘(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)寧(ning)(fenoterol)等(deng)，作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間4?6小(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，對(dui)(dui)(dui)心血管(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)統的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)副作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)明(ming)顯減少(shao)。�9�1第三(san)(san)(san)代(dai)(dai)：新一(yi)代(dai)(dai)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)β2激(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，如(ru)(ru)(salmeterol)、福米(mi)特(te)羅(Formoterol)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)丙(bing)(bing)卡特(te)羅(procaterol)等(deng)。 2、茶(cha)堿(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)類(lei)茶(cha)堿(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)類(lei)除(chu)能抑(yi)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)磷(lin)酸(suan)(suan)二(er)(er)脂?，提(ti)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)平(ping)滑(hua)肌細(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)內(nei)(nei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)cAMP濃度(du)外，同(tong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)具有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)腺(xian)?受體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)拮抗(kang)(kang)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)；并(bing)(bing)能促進體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)內(nei)(nei)腎上(shang)(shang)腺(xian)素(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)分(fen)(fen)泌；增(zeng)(zeng)強氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)道纖毛清(qing)除(chu)功(gong)能和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)抗(kang)(kang)炎(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。是(shi)(shi)(shi)目(mu)前常(chang)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)治療(liao)(liao)(liao)哮(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)喘(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)之一(yi)。目(mu)前用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)於臨床的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)品種(zhong)(zhong)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)氨(an)茶(cha)堿(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、茶(cha)堿(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、羥丙(bing)(bing)茶(cha)堿(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、二(er)(er)羥丙(bing)(bing)茶(cha)堿(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、恩丙(bing)(bing)茶(cha)堿(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)等(deng)。可(ke)(ke)以(yi)口(kou)(kou)服和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)靜(jing)(jing)(jing)脈(mo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)。口(kou)(kou)服藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)普通(tong)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)型和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)緩(huan)(huan)釋(shi)(shi)放(fang)(fang)(fang)型(長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao))。緩(huan)(huan)釋(shi)(shi)放(fang)(fang)(fang)型茶(cha)堿(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)血藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)濃度(du)平(ping)穩，有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)利(li)於提(ti)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)療(liao)(liao)(liao)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)降低(di)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)良反(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)，但(dan)起(qi)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間較長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)。 口(kou)(kou)服氨(an)茶(cha)堿(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)一(yi)般(ban)(ban)(ban)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)量(liang)每(mei)(mei)日(ri)5-8mg/kg，緩(huan)(huan)釋(shi)(shi)放(fang)(fang)(fang)茶(cha)堿(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)每(mei)(mei)日(ri)8-12mg/kg。靜(jing)(jing)(jing)脈(mo)給藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)於重危癥(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)哮(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)喘(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)。首次(ci)注(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)射(she)(she)(she)(she)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)量(liang)為(wei)(wei)4-6mg/kg而(er)(er)且應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)緩(huan)(huan)慢(man)(man)注(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)射(she)(she)(she)(she)，注(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)射(she)(she)(she)(she)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)大於15min，靜(jing)(jing)(jing)脈(mo)滴注(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)維持(chi)(chi)量(liang)為(wei)(wei)每(mei)(mei)小(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)0.8-1.0mg/kg，每(mei)(mei)日(ri)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)量(liang)一(yi)般(ban)(ban)(ban)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)超過750mg-1000mg。 3、抗(kang)(kang)膽堿(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)抗(kang)(kang)膽堿(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)，如(ru)(ru)溴化(hua)(hua)異(yi)丙(bing)(bing)托(tuo)品(Ipratropine bromide)等(deng)，可(ke)(ke)以(yi)阻斷(duan)節後(hou)迷走神(shen)經(jing)(jing)通(tong)路(lu)，降低(di)迷走神(shen)經(jing)(jing)興奮性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)而(er)(er)起(qi)舒(shu)張(zhang)支(zhi)(zhi)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)管(guan)(guan)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，并(bing)(bing)能阻斷(duan)反(fan)射(she)(she)(she)(she)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)支(zhi)(zhi)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)管(guan)(guan)收(shou)(shou)縮。與(yu)β2激(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)聯合(he)(he)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)治療(liao)(liao)(liao)使支(zhi)(zhi)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)管(guan)(guan)舒(shu)張(zhang)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)增(zeng)(zeng)強并(bing)(bing)持(chi)(chi)久(jiu)，主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)於單獨(du)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)β2激(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)未能控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)癥(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)狀(zhuang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)哮(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)喘(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)患者(zhe)(zhe)，對(dui)(dui)(dui)合(he)(he)并(bing)(bing)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)慢(man)(man)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)阻塞性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)肺疾病(bing)(bing)(bing)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)尤(you)為(wei)(wei)合(he)(he)適(shi)(shi)。可(ke)(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)MDI或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)持(chi)(chi)續霧化(hua)(hua)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)，每(mei)(mei)日(ri)3-4次(ci)，每(mei)(mei)次(ci)75?250μg吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)。約15分(fen)(fen)鍾起(qi)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)，維持(chi)(chi)6?8小(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)良反(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)少(shao)，少(shao)數病(bing)(bing)(bing)人有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)口(kou)(kou)苦(ku)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)口(kou)(kou)乾(qian)感(gan)。 (二(er)(er))抗(kang)(kang)炎(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)稱(cheng)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)病(bing)(bing)(bing)情(qing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)。由於哮(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)喘(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)病(bing)(bing)(bing)理(li)(li)基(ji)礎是(shi)(shi)(shi)慢(man)(man)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)非(fei)特(te)異(yi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)炎(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)癥(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，所以(yi)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)慢(man)(man)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)道炎(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)癥(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)哮(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)喘(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)本治療(liao)(liao)(liao)，對(dui)(dui)(dui)哮(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)喘(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)期(qi)理(li)(li)想的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)起(qi)到(dao)重要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。常(chang)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)糖皮質(zhi)(zhi)激(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)素(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)色酮(tong)類(lei)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)。一(yi)些(xie)新的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)，如(ru)(ru)白(bai)(bai)三(san)(san)(san)烯調節劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)β2激(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)控(kong)(kong)釋(shi)(shi)型茶(cha)堿(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)也(ye)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)一(yi)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)抗(kang)(kang)炎(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。 1、糖皮質(zhi)(zhi)激(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)素(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)糖皮質(zhi)(zhi)激(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)素(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(簡稱(cheng)激(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)素(su)(su)(su)(su)(su))是(shi)(shi)(shi)當(dang)(dang)(dang)前防(fang)(fang)(fang)治哮(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)喘(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)最(zui)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)。主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)抑(yi)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)炎(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)癥(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)細(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)遷移和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)活(huo)(huo)化(hua)(hua)；抑(yi)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)細(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)因(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)子(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)成；抑(yi)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)炎(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)癥(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)介質(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)釋(shi)(shi)放(fang)(fang)(fang)；增(zeng)(zeng)強平(ping)滑(hua)肌細(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)β2受體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)反(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。可(ke)(ke)分(fen)(fen)為(wei)(wei)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)、口(kou)(kou)服和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)靜(jing)(jing)(jing)脈(mo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)。 吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)激(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)素(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)是(shi)(shi)(shi)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)哮(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)喘(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)期(qi)穩定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最(zui)基(ji)本的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)治療(liao)(liao)(liao)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)哮(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)喘(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)第一(yi)線的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)治療(liao)(liao)(liao)。吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)激(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)素(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)通(tong)過其(qi)分(fen)(fen)子(zi)結構上(shang)(shang)增(zeng)(zeng)加(jia)了酯(zhi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)基(ji)團，使局(ju)部抗(kang)(kang)炎(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)價明(ming)顯增(zeng)(zeng)加(jia)，作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)於呼吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)道局(ju)部，所用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)量(liang)較小(xiao)(xiao)，藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)進入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)血液循環(huan)後(hou)在肝臟迅速(su)(su)被滅活(huo)(huo)，全(quan)(quan)身(shen)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)良反(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)少(shao)。主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)良反(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)是(shi)(shi)(shi)口(kou)(kou)咽(yan)(yan)(yan)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)適(shi)(shi)、口(kou)(kou)咽(yan)(yan)(yan)炎(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)、聲音嘶啞或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)口(kou)(kou)咽(yan)(yan)(yan)念珠菌感(gan)染，噴藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)後(hou)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)清(qing)水(shui)(shui)(shui)漱口(kou)(kou)可(ke)(ke)減輕(qing)(qing)局(ju)部反(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)。使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)型或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)口(kou)(kou)咽(yan)(yan)(yan)炎(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)率有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)一(yi)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)差別(bie)。通(tong)常(chang)停用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)4—7天後(hou)口(kou)(kou)咽(yan)(yan)(yan)炎(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)能自然(ran)恢(hui)復(fu)。常(chang)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)激(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)素(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)二(er)(er)丙(bing)(bing)酸(suan)(suan)培氯米(mi)松(song)(Beclomethasone Dipropionate)、布地奈德(de)(Budesonide)、氟尼縮松(song)(Flunisolide)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)曲(qu)安縮松(song)(Triamcinolone Acetonide)等(deng)。近年已(yi)發(fa)(fa)展了一(yi)些(xie)新的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)活(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)更(geng)強的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)激(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)素(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)，如(ru)(ru)氟替(ti)卡松(song)(Fluticasone)等(deng)。其(qi)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)增(zeng)(zeng)強2倍(bei)，副作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)少(shao)。 2、色?酸(suan)(suan)二(er)(er)鈉(na)是(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)非(fei)皮質(zhi)(zhi)激(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)素(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)抗(kang)(kang)炎(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)。作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)尚未完全(quan)(quan)闡明(ming)，能夠(gou)穩定(ding)肥大細(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)膜，抑(yi)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)介質(zhi)(zhi)釋(shi)(shi)放(fang)(fang)(fang)，對(dui)(dui)(dui)其(qi)他(ta)(ta)炎(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)癥(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)細(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)釋(shi)(shi)放(fang)(fang)(fang)介質(zhi)(zhi)亦(yi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)一(yi)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)抑(yi)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。能預(yu)防(fang)(fang)(fang)變(bian)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)原引(yin)起(qi)速(su)(su)發(fa)(fa)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)遲發(fa)(fa)反(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)，以(yi)及運(yun)(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)過度(du)通(tong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)引(yin)起(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)道收(shou)(shou)縮。霧化(hua)(hua)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)5?20mg或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)乾(qian)粉吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)20mg，每(mei)(mei)日(ri)3-4次(ci)。本品體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)內(nei)(nei)無積(ji)蓄作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，少(shao)數病(bing)(bing)(bing)例可(ke)(ke)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)咽(yan)(yan)(yan)喉不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)適(shi)(shi)、胸悶(men)、偶見皮疹，孕婦慎(shen)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。 3、其(qi)他(ta)(ta)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)白(bai)(bai)三(san)(san)(san)稀調節劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)包(bao)括(kuo)白(bai)(bai)三(san)(san)(san)烯受體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)拮抗(kang)(kang)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)合(he)(he)成抑(yi)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(5-脂氧(yang)(yang)(yang)?抑(yi)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji))。目(mu)前能成功(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)於臨床的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)半胱氨(an)?白(bai)(bai)三(san)(san)(san)烯受體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)拮抗(kang)(kang)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)扎魯(lu)斯特(te)(Zafirlukast 20mg每(mei)(mei)日(ri)兩次(ci))和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)孟魯(lu)斯特(te)(Montelukast10 mg每(mei)(mei)天一(yi)次(ci)) ，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)僅能緩(huan)(huan)解(jie)(jie)哮(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)喘(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)癥(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)狀(zhuang)，且能減輕(qing)(qing)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)道炎(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)癥(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)，具有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)一(yi)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)臨床療(liao)(liao)(liao)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)，可(ke)(ke)以(yi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)於不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)激(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)素(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)患者(zhe)(zhe)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)者(zhe)(zhe)聯合(he)(he)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)。主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)良反(fan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)是(shi)(shi)(shi)胃腸道癥(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)狀(zhuang)，通(tong)常(chang)較輕(qing)(qing)微(wei)，少(shao)數有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)皮疹，血管(guan)(guan)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)水(shui)(shui)(shui)腫，轉氨(an)?升高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)，停藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)後(hou)可(ke)(ke)恢(hui)復(fu)正(zheng)(zheng)常(chang)。長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)β2激(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)控(kong)(kong)釋(shi)(shi)茶(cha)堿(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)類(lei)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)在當(dang)(dang)(dang)獨(du)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)無明(ming)顯抗(kang)(kang)炎(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，但(dan)與(yu)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)皮質(zhi)(zhi)激(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)素(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)聯合(he)(he)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，可(ke)(ke)明(ming)顯增(zeng)(zeng)加(jia)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)激(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)素(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)抗(kang)(kang)炎(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。 三(san)(san)(san)、急(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)發(fa)(fa)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)期(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)治療(liao)(liao)(liao) 急(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)發(fa)(fa)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)治療(liao)(liao)(liao)目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)盡快緩(huan)(huan)解(jie)(jie)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)道阻塞，糾正(zheng)(zheng)低(di)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)血癥(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)，恢(hui)復(fu)肺功(gong)能，預(yu)防(fang)(fang)(fang)進一(yi)步(bu)惡化(hua)(hua)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)再次(ci)發(fa)(fa)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)，防(fang)(fang)(fang)止(zhi)(zhi)并(bing)(bing)發(fa)(fa)癥(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)。一(yi)般(ban)(ban)(ban)根據(ju)病(bing)(bing)(bing)情(qing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)分(fen)(fen)度(du)進行綜(zong)合(he)(he)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)治療(liao)(liao)(liao)。 1、脫離(li)誘發(fa)(fa)因(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)素(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)處(chu)理(li)(li)哮(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)喘(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)急(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)發(fa)(fa)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，要(yao)注(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)意(yi)尋找誘發(fa)(fa)因(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)素(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)。多(duo)數與(yu)接觸變(bian)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)原、感(gan)冒、呼吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)系(xi)(xi)統感(gan)染、氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)候變(bian)化(hua)(hua)、進食不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)適(shi)(shi)當(dang)(dang)(dang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(如(ru)(ru)解(jie)(jie)熱鎮痛藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)，β受體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)拮抗(kang)(kang)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)等(deng))、劇烈運(yun)(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)治療(liao)(liao)(liao)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)足等(deng)因(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)素(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)關。找出和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)誘發(fa)(fa)因(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)素(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)，有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)利(li)於控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)病(bing)(bing)(bing)情(qing)，預(yu)防(fang)(fang)(fang)復(fu)發(fa)(fa)。 2、用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)方(fang)(fang)案(an)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)方(fang)(fang)案(an)見表1。正(zheng)(zheng)確(que)認識和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)處(chu)理(li)(li)重癥(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)哮(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)喘(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)避(bi)免(mian)(mian)(mian)哮(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)喘(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)死亡的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)環(huan)節。對(dui)(dui)(dui)於重癥(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)哮(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)喘(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)發(fa)(fa)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)，應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)該(gai)在嚴(yan)密觀察(cha)下(xia)(xia)治療(liao)(liao)(liao)。治療(liao)(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)措施包(bao)括(kuo)�9�9吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)，糾正(zheng)(zheng)低(di)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)血癥(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)；�9�0迅速(su)(su)緩(huan)(huan)解(jie)(jie)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)道痙攣(luan)(luan)：首選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)霧化(hua)(hua)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)�8�52受體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)激(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，其(qi)療(liao)(liao)(liao)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)明(ming)顯優於氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)霧劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。亦(yi)可(ke)(ke)同(tong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)加(jia)入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)溴化(hua)(hua)異(yi)丙(bing)(bing)托(tuo)品(每(mei)(mei)次(ci)0.25mg)進行霧化(hua)(hua)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)。必(bi)(bi)要(yao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)可(ke)(ke)在1小(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)內(nei)(nei)重復(fu)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)2-3次(ci)，好轉後(hou)改為(wei)(wei)每(mei)(mei)4-6小(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)次(ci)。如(ru)(ru)果(guo)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)呼吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)緩(huan)(huan)慢(man)(man)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)停止(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情(qing)況，可(ke)(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)舒(shu)喘(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)寧(ning)0.2mg或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)叔丁(ding)喘(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)寧(ning)0.25mg加(jia)入(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)生(sheng)理(li)(li)鹽(yan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)20ml中(zhong)(zhong)靜(jing)(jing)(jing)脈(mo)緩(huan)(huan)慢(man)(man)注(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)射(she)(she)(she)(she)。靜(jing)(jing)(jing)脈(mo)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)氨(an)茶(cha)堿(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)助(zhu)於緩(huan)(huan)解(jie)(jie)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)道痙攣(luan)(luan)，但(dan)要(yao)注(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)意(yi)詳(xiang)細(xi)(xi)(xi)詢問用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)史(shi)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)過敏(min)史(shi)，避(bi)免(mian)(mian)(mian)因(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)重復(fu)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)而(er)(er)引(yin)起(qi)茶(cha)堿(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)中(zhong)(zhong)毒。激(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)素(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)要(yao)足量(liang)、及時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。常(chang)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)琥(hu)珀酸(suan)(suan)氫(qing)化(hua)(hua)可(ke)(ke)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)松(song)(300-1000mg/天)、甲基(ji)強的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)松(song)龍(100-300mg/天)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)地塞米(mi)松(song)(10-30mg/天)靜(jing)(jing)(jing)脈(mo)滴注(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)注(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)射(she)(she)(she)(she)。然(ran)而(er)(er)，激(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)素(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)一(yi)般(ban)(ban)(ban)需要(yao)3?6小(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)後(hou)纔有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)明(ming)顯的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)平(ping)喘(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)果(guo)。�9�1經(jing)(jing)上(shang)(shang)述處(chu)理(li)(li)未緩(huan)(huan)解(jie)(jie)，一(yi)旦出現PaCO2明(ming)顯增(zeng)(zeng)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(�8�950mmHg)、吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)氧(yang)(yang)(yang)下(xia)(xia)PaO2�8�760mmHg、極度(du)疲勞狀(zhuang)態、嗜睡、神(shen)志模糊(hu)，甚至呼吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)減慢(man)(man)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情(qing)況，應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)及時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)進行人工通(tong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)；�9�2注(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)意(yi)并(bing)(bing)發(fa)(fa)癥(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)防(fang)(fang)(fang)治：包(bao)括(kuo)：預(yu)防(fang)(fang)(fang)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)感(gan)染；補充(chong)足夠(gou)液體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)量(liang)，避(bi)免(mian)(mian)(mian)痰液粘稠；糾正(zheng)(zheng)嚴(yan)重酸(suan)(suan)中(zhong)(zhong)毒和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)調整水(shui)(shui)(shui)電解(jie)(jie)質(zhi)(zhi)平(ping)衡，當(dang)(dang)(dang)PH值(zhi)＜7.20時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，尤(you)其(qi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)合(he)(he)并(bing)(bing)代(dai)(dai)謝性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)酸(suan)(suan)中(zhong)(zhong)毒時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)適(shi)(shi)當(dang)(dang)(dang)補堿(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)；防(fang)(fang)(fang)治自發(fa)(fa)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)胸等(deng)。 四、哮(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)喘(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)非(fei)急(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)發(fa)(fa)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)期(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)治療(liao)(liao)(liao) 一(yi)般(ban)(ban)(ban)哮(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)喘(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)經(jing)(jing)過急(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)期(qi)治療(liao)(liao)(liao)癥(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)狀(zhuang)得到(dao)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，但(dan)哮(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)喘(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)慢(man)(man)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)炎(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)癥(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)病(bing)(bing)(bing)理(li)(li)生(sheng)理(li)(li)改變(bian)仍然(ran)存在，因(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)此，必(bi)(bi)須制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)定(ding)哮(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)喘(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)期(qi)治療(liao)(liao)(liao)方(fang)(fang)案(an)。主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)防(fang)(fang)(fang)止(zhi)(zhi)哮(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)喘(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)再次(ci)急(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)發(fa)(fa)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)。根據(ju)哮(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)喘(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)非(fei)急(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)發(fa)(fa)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)期(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)病(bing)(bing)(bing)情(qing)估(gu)價按病(bing)(bing)(bing)情(qing)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)程度(du)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇合(he)(he)適(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)治療(liao)(liao)(liao)方(fang)(fang)案(an)。
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問題分析：心源性哮喘是急性左心功能不全時出現的喘息癥狀,易與支氣管哮喘混淆,是由于左心衰竭和急性肺水腫等引起的發作性氣喘,其發作時的臨床表現可與支氣管哮喘相似.
康復指導：可使用博利康尼,舒喘靈,喘舒片,氨茶堿,因為都能擴張氣管。
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