腹(fu)腔(qiang)膿腫是(shi)普外科常(chang)見而(er)嚴重的繼(ji)發性(xing)感染性(xing)疾病,如處(chu)理(li)(li)不(bu)當,病情易于惡化(hua)且并(bing)(bing)發癥多(duo)、病死率高(gao)。單純(chun)行外科方(fang)法治療,醫(yi)(yi)生工作量大(da)(da),護(hu)理(li)(li)要求高(gao),患(huan)者痛苦(ku)多(duo),效果不(bu)理(li)(li)想。近2年來,我院采用以(yi)西醫(yi)(yi)為(wei)主、中醫(yi)(yi)為(wei)輔的結合(he)方(fang)法,對(dui)9例腹(fu)腔(qiang)巨(ju)大(da)(da)膿腫患(huan)者進行保守治療,結果不(bu)僅縮短療程,而(er)且避免感染擴散,減少(shao)并(bing)(bing)發癥,效果滿意。
1資料與方法
1.1一般資料9例(li)(li)中(zhong),男7例(li)(li),女(nv)2例(li)(li);年(nian)齡34~59歲(sui);原因不明(ming)肝膿腫(zhong)1例(li)(li),胃穿(chuan)孔術后膈下膿腫(zhong)5例(li)(li),急性(xing)胰腺(xian)(xian)炎(yan)后胰腺(xian)(xian)膿腫(zhong)3例(li)(li);發病時間最長36天,最短4天;膿腫(zhong)最大(da)者(zhe)20cm×15cm×15cm,肝膿腫(zhong)患者(zhe)并發胸腹水(shui)及脾腫(zhong)大(da)。入院時體溫38~39℃者(zhe)3例(li)(li),37~37.9℃者(zhe)5例(li)(li),39℃以上者(zhe)1例(li)(li);脈(mo)搏90~100次/min6例(li)(li),80~89次/min3例(li)(li);白細胞(bao)>20.0×109/L者(zhe)7例(li)(li),
1.2治療(liao)方法 先補(bu)液(ye)、糾(jiu)正水電(dian)解(jie)(jie)質酸(suan)堿失衡,再用(yong)(yong)先鋒霉素V,甲硝(xiao)唑注射(she)液(ye),654-2改(gai)善微(wei)循環(huan)。在此基礎上,用(yong)(yong)中(zhong)藥(yao)清熱(re)(re)解(jie)(jie)毒、活(huo)血(xue)(xue)(xue)涼血(xue)(xue)(xue)、通里攻下,方用(yong)(yong)龍(long)膽瀉(xie)肝湯加(jia)減(jian);7~10天后(hou)體溫(wen)降至正常(chang),改(gai)單用(yong)(yong)中(zhong)藥(yao)治療(liao)。毒熱(re)(re)期(qi)及溫(wen)熱(re)(re)期(qi),重用(yong)(yong)清熱(re)(re)及攻下藥(yao),如柴胡(hu)、雙花(hua)、蒲公英、梔子、黃芩、川(chuan)軍、芒硝(xiao);用(yong)(yong)藥(yao)3周后(hou),癥狀自覺消(xiao)失,包塊明顯縮小(xiao)(CT、B超見縮小(xiao)1/3~1/2)。此時,重用(yong)(yong)活(huo)血(xue)(xue)(xue)化瘀藥(yao)、當歸、紅藤、赤芍(shao),加(jia)黨參、黃芪(qi)補(bu)氣(qi)血(xue)(xue)(xue);用(yong)(yong)藥(yao)2~3周,膿腫基本消(xiao)失。停用(yong)(yong)攻下藥(yao)、改(gai)用(yong)(yong)扶正理氣(qi)活(huo)血(xue)(xue)(xue)化瘀藥(yao)。
2結果
經(jing)上述方(fang)法治療,9例均痊愈出院。最長住院76天(tian),最短住院37天(tian),平(ping)均42天(tian);治愈率100%。
3典型病例
患者,男,59歲,因右(you)上(shang)腹(fu)脹痛(tong)4天(tian)(tian),伴(ban)發熱、下肢(zhi)浮腫(zhong)入院(yuan)。查(cha)體:T39℃,P90次(ci)/min,舌苔黃(huang)膩,質(zhi)紫紅,腹(fu)部膨隆,腹(fu)式呼(hu)吸運(yun)動減弱,右(you)上(shang)腹(fu)壓(ya)(ya)痛(tong)陽(yang)(yang)性(xing),反跳痛(tong)陽(yang)(yang)性(xing),輕(qing)度(du)肌緊張。肝(gan)(gan)脾觸診(zhen)不滿意,移動性(xing)濁音陽(yang)(yang)性(xing),雙小腿中下段(duan)凹陷性(xing)水(shui)腫(zhong);WBC24.7×109/L、N0.75,CT見(jian)肝(gan)(gan)形態不整,右(you)后(hou)(hou)葉見(jian)一(yi)約10cm×15cm低(di)密度(du)區(qu)。脾大6個肋單元,腹(fu)腔內見(jian)腹(fu)水(shui)、B超(chao)見(jian)肝(gan)(gan)右(you)后(hou)(hou)葉大片(pian)(pian)不規則低(di)回聲區(qu),胸片(pian)(pian)右(you) 膈抬高(gao)右(you)胸少(shao)量積(ji)水(shui)。臨床診(zhen)斷:肝(gan)(gan)膿腫(zhong)伴(ban)門靜脈高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)。經用上(shang)述方法治療后(hou)(hou)9天(tian)(tian)體溫降(jiang)至正(zheng)常(chang)(chang),下肢(zhi)水(shui)腫(zhong)消失(shi)(shi),3周后(hou)(hou)上(shang)腹(fu)部痛(tong)基本消失(shi)(shi),移動性(xing)濁音消失(shi)(shi)。CT見(jian)肝(gan)(gan)右(you)后(hou)(hou)葉一(yi)5cm×5cm邊界不清低(di)密度(du)區(qu),脾稍大、無腹(fu)水(shui),胸片(pian)(pian)正(zheng)常(chang)(chang)。住院(yuan)37天(tian)(tian)后(hou)(hou),自覺癥狀消失(shi)(shi),體重增加,CT片(pian)(pian)肝(gan)(gan)右(you)后(hou)(hou)葉低(di)密度(du)區(qu)消失(shi)(shi),痊愈出院(yuan)。
3討論
腹(fu)(fu)腔內(nei)(nei)膿(nong)(nong)腫,無(wu)論(lun)是(shi)肝(gan)膿(nong)(nong)腫、膈下膿(nong)(nong)腫或(huo)者(zhe)(zhe)是(shi)胰(yi)腺(xian)膿(nong)(nong)腫,傳(chuan)統的治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)療方(fang)(fang)法(fa)均是(shi)手(shou)術治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)療加抗感(gan)(gan)染(ran)及(ji)全(quan)身支持治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)療。肝(gan)膿(nong)(nong)腫及(ji)膈下膿(nong)(nong)腫,可(ke)分(fen)腹(fu)(fu)膜(mo)外(wai)(wai)切開引(yin)流(liu)和(he)經腹(fu)(fu)腔引(yin)流(liu),死亡率(lv)高,可(ke)達(da)35%~72%,術后(hou)護(hu)理困(kun)難,換(huan)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)時間長,患(huan)者(zhe)(zhe)痛(tong)苦。胰(yi)腺(xian)膿(nong)(nong)腫手(shou)術,可(ke)分(fen)內(nei)(nei)引(yin)流(liu)和(he)外(wai)(wai)引(yin)流(liu),外(wai)(wai)引(yin)流(liu),體(ti)液丟失(shi)多,換(huan)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)多,保護(hu)皮膚困(kun)難,易形(xing)成(cheng)胰(yi)瘺(lou),死亡率(lv)可(ke)達(da)4%~6%;內(nei)(nei)引(yin)流(liu)有逆(ni)行感(gan)(gan)染(ran)并發癥。總之(zhi)(zhi)手(shou)術治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)療效果多不(bu)能滿意,單純中(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)療目前看來難以奏(zou)效,最重要的是(shi)在急(ji)性(xing)化(hua)膿(nong)(nong)期,全(quan)身中(zhong)(zhong)毒、水(shui)電解質失(shi)衡、營養(yang)的障(zhang)礙,不(bu)能解決。而采(cai)用(yong)中(zhong)(zhong)西(xi)(xi)醫(yi)結合(he)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)療,取中(zhong)(zhong)西(xi)(xi)醫(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)長、補中(zhong)(zhong)西(xi)(xi)醫(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)短(duan)。我院在急(ji)性(xing)化(hua)膿(nong)(nong)期,采(cai)用(yong)西(xi)(xi)醫(yi)抗感(gan)(gan)染(ran),糾正水(shui)電解質失(shi)衡,待急(ji)性(xing)期控制后(hou),患(huan)者(zhe)(zhe)已排氣,再(zai)用(yong)中(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)通里攻下,迅速(su)使包(bao)塊縮小、直(zhi)至完全(quan)消退。各種(zhong)化(hua)驗(yan)檢查指標正常,取得了滿意效果,我們認為中(zhong)(zhong)西(xi)(xi)醫(yi)結合(he)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)療腹(fu)(fu)腔膿(nong)(nong)腫,目前是(shi)一種(zhong)很好的方(fang)(fang)法(fa)。
作(zuo)者(zhe)單位:118000遼寧丹東解放(fang)軍(jun)第65735部隊醫(yi)院
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