關(guan)鍵詞:中(zhong)醫文獻(xian) 管理(li) 現代化(hua)
在當今的(de)信息時代,中醫文(wen)獻(xian)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)的(de)工作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)重心、服務(wu)內容(rong)、服務(wu)方式已發(fa)生(sheng)了根(gen)本的(de)變(bian)化,由傳統的(de)收(shou)藏(zang)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)化為文(wen)獻(xian)信息情報的(de)功能,由單純的(de)借(jie)閱轉(zhuan)(zhuan)化為文(wen)獻(xian)信息的(de)處(chu)理(li)(li)(li)傳遞(di);由繁復的(de)手工操作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)化為自動化的(de)計算機(ji)處(chu)理(li)(li)(li)。中醫文(wen)獻(xian)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)工作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)的(de)變(bian)革具體體現在文(wen)獻(xian)的(de)搜(sou)集、加工處(chu)理(li)(li)(li)、傳遞(di)利用(yong)等基礎工作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)。
首(shou)先(xian),在文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)獻(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)搜集方面(mian),中(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)獻(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)搜集已不(bu)再是以醫(yi)史、中(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)古(gu)(gu)籍(ji)為其收集重點(dian);而是以醫(yi)史、中(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)古(gu)(gu)籍(ji)為基礎,以現代中(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)學術論(lun)著(zhu)及(ji)刊物(wu)為重心,形(xing)成(cheng)系統的(de)完整的(de)中(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)獻(xian)(xian)(xian)館(guan)藏。中(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)獻(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)類(lei)型(xing)(xing)亦(yi)發生多樣化(hua),不(bu)單有印刷(shua)(shua)型(xing)(xing)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)獻(xian)(xian)(xian)(書(shu)刊),還(huan)有聲像型(xing)(xing)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)獻(xian)(xian)(xian)(磁(ci)帶、錄音帶)、機(ji)讀(du)型(xing)(xing)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)獻(xian)(xian)(xian)(磁(ci)盤)以及(ji)縮(suo)微型(xing)(xing)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)獻(xian)(xian)(xian)。印刷(shua)(shua)型(xing)(xing)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)獻(xian)(xian)(xian)仍(reng)是傳統的(de)主要(yao)的(de)書(shu)版(ban)形(xing)式,而聲像型(xing)(xing)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)獻(xian)(xian)(xian)和(he)機(ji)讀(du)型(xing)(xing)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)獻(xian)(xian)(xian)日益成(cheng)為科(ke)教(jiao)信(xin)息傳遞的(de)普及(ji)形(xing)式,還(huan)有新型(xing)(xing)的(de)利用激光縮(suo)微技術制成(cheng)的(de)縮(suo)微型(xing)(xing)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)獻(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)出現,使中(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)獻(xian)(xian)(xian)收藏的(de)范圍大大地被拓寬了。
其次,在(zai)文(wen)(wen)獻(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)加工處理(li)(li)(li)方面,編(bian)(bian)(bian)輯(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)文(wen)(wen)獻(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)目(mu)(mu)錄,按圖(tu)書分(fen)(fen)類(lei)法對文(wen)(wen)獻(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)資料(liao)(liao)進行(xing)分(fen)(fen)類(lei)上架,以(yi)便于(yu)(yu)借(jie)(jie)閱;對文(wen)(wen)獻(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)資料(liao)(liao)進行(xing)主題標引,以(yi)便于(yu)(yu)檢(jian)(jian)索(suo);編(bian)(bian)(bian)輯(ji)情報信息(xi)簡(jian)報,反映國(guo)內(nei)外(wai)中(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)藥(yao)進展的(de)(de)新(xin)動態(tai)、新(xin)方法、新(xin)技術,以(yi)便于(yu)(yu)信息(xi)流(liu)通。為適應現(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)中(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)的(de)(de)發展,中(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)文(wen)(wen)獻(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)需充分(fen)(fen)發揮圖(tu)書情報的(de)(de)自(zi)身價值,為教學、科研、醫(yi)療(liao)、管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)提供依據。隨著科學技術的(de)(de)進步,現(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)化(hua)的(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)文(wen)(wen)獻(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)已(yi)從耗時費力(li)的(de)(de)手工操作轉(zhuan)變為自(zi)動化(hua)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)。現(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)通訊(xun)設備(bei)(電話、傳真機(ji))、復(fu)印(yin)設備(bei)(復(fu)印(yin)機(ji)、攝錄機(ji))、計算機(ji)及其先(xian)進的(de)(de)錄入輸出設備(bei)的(de)(de)應用,中(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)文(wen)(wen)獻(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)加工處理(li)(li)(li)呈現(xian)(xian)出新(xin)的(de)(de)面貌。利用計算機(ji)建立(li)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)工作的(de)(de)系(xi)統(tong)分(fen)(fen)析與設計、書刊(kan)采(cai)購子系(xi)統(tong)、圖(tu)書目(mu)(mu)錄子系(xi)統(tong)、書刊(kan)流(liu)通子系(xi)統(tong)、自(zi)動檢(jian)(jian)索(suo)子系(xi)統(tong)等(deng)軟件。完成(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)文(wen)(wen)獻(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)采(cai)購、分(fen)(fen)類(lei)、編(bian)(bian)(bian)目(mu)(mu)、統(tong)計、報表、借(jie)(jie)閱、檢(jian)(jian)索(suo),實現(xian)(xian)中(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)文(wen)(wen)獻(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)自(zi)動化(hua)。將藏書樓式的(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)文(wen)(wen)獻(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)轉(zhuan)化(hua)為以(yi)實現(xian)(xian)文(wen)(wen)獻(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)情報中(zhong)(zhong)心職能的(de)(de)現(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)化(hua)中(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)文(wen)(wen)獻(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)。
最(zui)后,在文獻的(de)傳遞(di)利用方面,書刊借閱曾經是文獻流通(tong)使用的(de)唯一途徑,但是現代化(hua)中(zhong)醫(yi)文獻管理,對通(tong)訊設施、視聽設備、復印(yin)設備、微機(ji)等(deng)自(zi)動化(hua)設備的(de)使用,使信(xin)(xin)息(xi)流通(tong)進(jin)入了一個新的(de)階段。通(tong)過現代化(hua)的(de)設備將(jiang)珍稀文件(jian)復制傳遞(di),最(zui)新的(de)信(xin)(xin)息(xi)情報(bao)也得以快速流通(tong)。隨(sui)著計(ji)算機(ji)網絡系統的(de)逐步形成。實現聯機(ji)檢索,資源共享將(jiang)成為現實。
現代化(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)中醫文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)獻(xian)(xian)(xian)管(guan)理也面(mian)(mian)臨許多(duo)新(xin)的(de)(de)問題。近年來(lai),隨著醫學科學的(de)(de)分化(hua)(hua)和(he)綜(zong)合化(hua)(hua)趨勢發展加(jia)快,一(yi)方(fang)面(mian)(mian)中醫文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)獻(xian)(xian)(xian)品種、數量急劇增(zeng)長,另一(yi)方(fang)面(mian)(mian)書刊價格逐年上漲(zhang),超過了經費的(de)(de)增(zeng)長速(su)度,致使經費嚴重(zhong)(zhong)短缺,文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)獻(xian)(xian)(xian)入藏量減少。據《全國科技(ji)圖(tu)書總(zong)覽1990》統計,醫藥(yao)衛生類全年共出書2086種,新(xin)版占總(zong)數的(de)(de)70%多(duo),其中不包(bao)括(kuo)數百(bai)種中醫藥(yao)刊物(wu)(wu)及上萬(wan)篇的(de)(de)學術交流文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)章(zhang)。中醫文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)獻(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)搜集面(mian)(mian)臨嚴重(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)困難(nan),對書刊進(jin)行優選采購(gou)雖不失為一(yi)個辦法,但難(nan)免出現文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)獻(xian)(xian)(xian)遺漏。就文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)獻(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)檢索及查新(xin)等(deng)工作來(lai)說,有(you)可(ke)能降低信息(xi)情報的(de)(de)準確(que)(que)性(xing)、實(shi)用(yong)性(xing)和(he)先進(jin)性(xing)。解決問題的(de)(de)關鍵在于計算機網(wang)絡化(hua)(hua)這一(yi)新(xin)技(ji)術產物(wu)(wu)。如(ru)果計算機網(wang)絡系統在各個中醫文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)獻(xian)(xian)(xian)管(guan)理部(bu)(bu)門形(xing)成,實(shi)現了資源共享,文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)獻(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)搜集就不必只依靠單個部(bu)(bu)門來(lai)完成,各個文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)獻(xian)(xian)(xian)部(bu)(bu)門形(xing)成一(yi)個統一(yi)的(de)(de)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)獻(xian)(xian)(xian)信息(xi)整(zheng)體,而信息(xi)情報來(lai)源于各個部(bu)(bu)門的(de)(de)綜(zong)合,增(zeng)加(jia)其自(zi)身的(de)(de)準確(que)(que)性(xing)、實(shi)用(yong)性(xing)和(he)先進(jin)性(xing)。還(huan)可(ke)以通過各個部(bu)(bu)門間的(de)(de)整(zheng)體協作,降低書刊購(gou)置的(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)復率(lv),既(ji)有(you)利(li)(li)于節省經費,又(you)有(you)利(li)(li)于增(zeng)加(jia)書刊品種,提高書刊的(de)(de)利(li)(li)用(yong)率(lv)。
人(ren)才問題也是(shi)現(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua)中(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)文獻(xian)(xian)管理所面臨的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)新(xin)(xin)問題。中(zhong)(zhong)西(xi)醫(yi)結合科研(yan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發展以及中(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)藥(yao)科技成(cheng)(cheng)果的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)國際推廣(guang),要求(qiu)有(you)相(xiang)當外語(yu)翻譯水準的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)才;新(xin)(xin)技術的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)應用(yong)也要求(qiu)能操作使用(yong)新(xin)(xin)型(xing)設備并依(yi)據中(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)文獻(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)特點,編輯專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)化(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)計(ji)算機軟件,諸(zhu)如中(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)藥(yao)數據庫、中(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)專(zhuan)(zhuan)家治療(liao)系統人(ren)才。中(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)文獻(xian)(xian)管理人(ren)員不僅要具備中(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)學(xue)、圖書館學(xue)及相(xiang)關學(xue)科的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)知識,還(huan)要具備情(qing)報(bao)(bao)檢索(suo)能力、情(qing)報(bao)(bao)研(yan)究能力,以適(shi)應信息(xi)時代(dai)(dai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)需要。現(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)文獻(xian)(xian)管理各個環節(jie)都需要專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)化(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)才,培(pei)養人(ren)才也就成(cheng)(cheng)為現(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua)管理的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)心所在(zai)。因此(ci),必須通過自學(xue)、進修、短(duan)期(qi)培(pei)訓等各種方式,有(you)計(ji)劃(hua)、有(you)步驟地培(pei)養出定向(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)人(ren)才,使現(xian)(xian)代(dai)(dai)化(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)文獻(xian)(xian)管理實現(xian)(xian)標準化(hua)(hua)、規范(fan)化(hua)(hua)、網(wang)絡化(hua)(hua),提供專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)化(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情(qing)報(bao)(bao)信息(xi)服(fu)務。
安徽省(sheng)中醫(yi)文(wen)獻研究所(合肥,230061)徐慧群
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