夏(xia)季是(shi)秋種(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)材醞釀階(jie)段，許多(duo)藥(yao)農(nong)朋(peng)友已開始選(xuan)擇將要種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)的藥(yao)材，準備購買種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)。但是(shi)在(zai)購買種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)之(zhi)前一(yi)(yi)定要掌(zhang)握(wo)一(yi)(yi)些簡單易(yi)行的種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)鑒(jian)(jian)別知識，才能保(bao)證所(suo)購的種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)質(zhi)量，以(yi)保(bao)證種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)的發芽(ya)率(lv)，為種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)成功打好基(ji)礎，為此(ci)筆者根據多(duo)年的實踐(jian)經驗，把部分常見的家種(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)材種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)簡易(yi)鑒(jian)(jian)別知識介紹給廣大種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)戶，以(yi)供參考。

板藍根

板藍根種(zhong)子(zi)有(you)2年的(de)壽命，超過2年后(hou)(hou)種(zhong)子(zi)不(bu)(bu)發芽，即(ji)使有(you)一小部分發芽，過不(bu)(bu)多(duo)久也會死(si)去(qu)，稱“不(bu)(bu)立(li)苗”，因此應盡可能購買新種(zhong)子(zi)。一般新產的(de)板藍根種(zhong)子(zi)（又稱大青籽）外(wai)(wai)表(biao)(biao)顏(yan)(yan)色(se)藍黑色(se)，光(guang)澤度好、發亮(liang)，清(qing)(qing)香味(wei)較(jiao)濃，用手剝(bo)開外(wai)(wai)皮(pi)，內(nei)(nei)仁(ren)(ren)顏(yan)(yan)色(se)較(jiao)青；而陳(chen)種(zhong)子(zi)外(wai)(wai)表(biao)(biao)顏(yan)(yan)色(se)為灰(hui)黑色(se)，已失去(qu)光(guang)澤、發烏，清(qing)(qing)香味(wei)很淡，有(you)的(de)還帶有(you)潮濕味(wei)，剝(bo)開外(wai)(wai)皮(pi)，內(nei)(nei)仁(ren)(ren)顏(yan)(yan)色(se)為黃白(bai)色(se)或紅色(se)。此外(wai)(wai)，新種(zhong)子(zi)晾曬不(bu)(bu)及時，會發生變化，外(wai)(wai)表(biao)(biao)顏(yan)(yan)色(se)發綠，失去(qu)光(guang)澤，不(bu)(bu)再發亮(liang)，俗稱焐籽。焐得較(jiao)輕的(de)內(nei)(nei)仁(ren)(ren)顏(yan)(yan)色(se)為黃白(bai)色(se)，較(jiao)嚴重(zhong)的(de)內(nei)(nei)仁(ren)(ren)顏(yan)(yan)色(se)發紅，前者對發芽不(bu)(bu)會有(you)太(tai)大的(de)影響，后(hou)(hou)者就難以保證發芽率了(le)。

牡丹

牡(mu)丹種(zhong)(zhong)子的(de)(de)壽命很短，一(yi)(yi)般不超過半年。通常情況下，夏季收獲的(de)(de)牡(mu)丹種(zhong)(zhong)子要放(fang)在室溫下用潮土培(pei)藏(zang)，然后秋季（中(zhong)秋）播種(zhong)(zhong)，所以購牡(mu)丹種(zhong)(zhong)子要購新鮮的(de)(de)。一(yi)(yi)般新種(zhong)(zhong)子外(wai)(wai)皮(pi)較鮮、水(shui)(shui)分較足，內(nei)(nei)仁(ren)發白(bai)(bai)(bai)且(qie)水(shui)(shui)分很足；而陳種(zhong)(zhong)子外(wai)(wai)皮(pi)較干(gan)，用手一(yi)(yi)捏外(wai)(wai)皮(pi)凹陷，剝(bo)去外(wai)(wai)皮(pi)可以看出內(nei)(nei)仁(ren)斷(duan)面發黃或黃白(bai)(bai)(bai)色。有的(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)子商把陳種(zhong)(zhong)子放(fang)入(ru)水(shui)(shui)中(zhong)浸泡，晾干(gan)后摻入(ru)新種(zhong)(zhong)當中(zhong)，但是水(shui)(shui)浸過的(de)(de)陳種(zhong)(zhong)子內(nei)(nei)仁(ren)斷(duan)面不是純(chun)白(bai)(bai)(bai)色的(de)(de)。

黃芩

一般黃(huang)芩(qin)種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)相對以上兩品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)比較難辨新陳(chen)，若新種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)存放時(shi)(shi)間稍長，種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)顏色(se)(se)(se)會(hui)變淡(dan)，貯存時(shi)(shi)間較短，種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)顏色(se)(se)(se)為深黑(hei)色(se)(se)(se)。但(dan)是(shi)有(you)的種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)商給陳(chen)種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)染(ran)色(se)(se)(se)充當(dang)新種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)，所以光憑眼觀還不夠，還需要手(shou)(shou)搓揉，然(ran)后看手(shou)(shou)心是(shi)否被染(ran)黑(hei)，染(ran)黑(hei)的證明是(shi)陳(chen)種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)。此外還可將黃(huang)芩(qin)種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)樣品(pin)放入(ru)水杯中用(yong)(yong)溫水浸泡一天，之后取出種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)，用(yong)(yong)手(shou)(shou)指捻去外皮，看內仁是(shi)否發白且有(you)芽胚，內仁發黃(huang)者(zhe)為陳(chen)種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)。

胡蘆巴

胡蘆(lu)巴新種子應(ying)均為青綠(lv)色(se)(se)，陳種子顏色(se)(se)發紅（相對青綠(lv)色(se)(se)而言），因為蘆(lu)巴子存放時間久了，會吸(xi)收空氣的潮(chao)氣而漸(jian)漸(jian)變色(se)(se)，新種子存放時間短，顏色(se)(se)無明顯變化。

白芷

新種子(zi)(zi)香味(wei)很(hen)濃(nong)，陳種子(zi)(zi)香味(wei)較淡；陳種子(zi)(zi)由于存放的時間長，種子(zi)(zi)本身的水分消耗(hao)過多而(er)易破皮(pi)，破片較多，用手(shou)搓揉很(hen)容易破碎，而(er)新種子(zi)(zi)外干(gan)內濕(shi)，只會(hui)破邊。

家種黑柴胡

種柴胡種子發(fa)芽很慢，水浸(jin)法不可取，新陳(chen)(chen)種子顏色(se)區別較大(da)，用眼觀(guan)即可。一(yi)般新種子為(wei)(wei)青(qing)色(se)或(huo)青(qing)黑色(se)，且有(you)光澤(ze)；而陳(chen)(chen)種子外表為(wei)(wei)淡青(qing)色(se)，近(jin)似灰色(se)，且無光澤(ze)。

白術

一般新(xin)(xin)(xin)白(bai)術種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)有(you)光澤(ze)，種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)茸(rong)毛(mao)(mao)多、不(bu)易脫(tuo)落(luo)，而陳種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)無光澤(ze)，茸(rong)毛(mao)(mao)較少(shao)、很容易脫(tuo)落(luo)；把種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)掰開(kai)，斷(duan)面發(fa)紅者為(wei)陳種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，發(fa)白(bai)者為(wei)新(xin)(xin)(xin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)。但是近2年別種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)商(shang)把當年沒銷完的種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)冷(leng)(leng)藏(zang)起來，翌年新(xin)(xin)(xin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)上市(shi)時再充當新(xin)(xin)(xin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)出(chu)售，使購買(mai)者難以(yi)辯(bian)別新(xin)(xin)(xin)陳。不(bu)過這種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)斷(duan)面與新(xin)(xin)(xin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)也有(you)區(qu)別，新(xin)(xin)(xin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)為(wei)青白(bai)色而冷(leng)(leng)凍(dong)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)為(wei)黃白(bai)，二者區(qu)別不(bu)太明顯。碰(peng)到這樣(yang)的種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，最好取樣(yang)帶回，將樣(yang)品置入水(shui)杯中，用(yong)溫水(shui)浸泡一天，然后撈(lao)出(chu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，用(yong)手剝除外皮，種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)仁(ren)發(fa)紅者為(wei)冷(leng)(leng)凍(dong)過的陳種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)發(fa)白(bai)者為(wei)新(xin)(xin)(xin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)。

射干

射干種子(zi)(zi)(zi)比較容易鑒別(bie)，從外觀上看就可知種子(zi)(zi)(zi)新陳，新種子(zi)(zi)(zi)外皮光滑、油黑發亮(liang)；陳種子(zi)(zi)(zi)外皮多(duo)皺、烏黑、沒(mei)有光澤。

桔梗

新(xin)(xin)種子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)有(you)光澤，用手(shou)抓握，有(you)滑膩(ni)感(gan)；陳種子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)既無光澤，又無滑膩(ni)感(gan)。真(zhen)正的(de)(de)純新(xin)(xin)種子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)黑而發亮(liang)，但也有(you)種子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)商給(gei)陳種子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)上油(you)，這樣(yang)的(de)(de)種子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)比(bi)(bi)沒一般的(de)(de)陳種子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)好看，較(jiao)難鑒別。若(ruo)沒有(you)新(xin)(xin)種子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)作比(bi)(bi)，只能取(qu)樣(yang)放入水(shui)中，看是否油(you)花(hua)飄在水(shui)面上，若(ruo)有(you)油(you)花(hua)證明是陳種子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)。

小茴香

新種(zhong)子(zi)為青色，香氣濃郁；陳種(zhong)子(zi)外表淡黃色，香味(wei)較淡。

一(yi)般情況(kuang)下，數藥材(cai)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)都以新產的最好，新種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)有光澤、養分(fen)足、發(fa)芽(ya)能力強。在購買(mai)時要(yao)一(yi)看光澤，二看斷面，三聞氣味，必要(yao)時還(huan)要(yao)用(yong)水浸泡，以辨新陳，確保種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)質量。以免因種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)質量帶(dai)來不必要(yao)的損失。

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