中藥(yao)材(cai)(cai)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)是(shi)指所(suo)有能(neng)夠作(zuo)為繁殖材(cai)(cai)料的藥(yao)用(yong)植物的器官(guan)組織(zhi)。中藥(yao)材(cai)(cai)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)是(shi)發展(zhan)中藥(yao)材(cai)(cai)能(neng)否(fou)成功(gong)的關鍵(jian)所(suo)在(zai)。許(xu)多農民朋友在(zai)購買中藥(yao)材(cai)(cai)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)時，由于(yu)缺乏專業知識，不(bu)能(neng)把握(wo)住種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)的質量，時常被一些種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)騙(pian)子(zi)(zi)所(suo)蒙騙(pian)，造成不(bu)必要的經濟損失。其實藥(yao)材(cai)(cai)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)各(ge)有不(bu)同的自(zi)身屬性(xing)及理化特(te)征.主要鑒(jian)別方(fang)法(fa)可(ke)歸不(bu)兩方(fang)面：一、官(guan)能(neng)鑒(jian)定法(fa)。二、理化鑒(jian)定法(fa)。

一、官(guan)能(neng)鑒定法(fa)：官(guan)能(neng)鑒定法(fa)：官(guan)能(neng)鑒定法(fa)就是指用(yong)人(ren)的(de)(de)感覺(jue)器官(guan)如用(yong)眼(yan)觀察、口(kou)嚼、手摸、鼻聞等直觀反應來判(pan)斷中藥材種(zhong)子的(de)(de)優劣(lie)。這種(zhong)方(fang)法(fa)也是人(ren)們在長期(qi)的(de)(de)生產實踐中總(zong)結出的(de)(de)寶貴(gui)經(jing)驗(yan)，具(ju)有很高的(de)(de)實用(yong)價值。

（一）觀察法：因為各(ge)種(zhong)(zhong)藥材種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)都有其固有的(de)色(se)(se)澤，根據色(se)(se)澤的(de)變(bian)化(hua)可以在某種(zhong)(zhong)程度(du)區別種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)的(de)真假(jia)、成熟度(du)及新陳程度(du)。如黃(huang)芪種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)，其本身的(de)顏(yan)色(se)(se)是黃(huang)棕色(se)(se)，新種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)其顏(yan)色(se)(se)發(fa)亮具有較強的(de)感光反(fan)應，而(er)且(qie)剖開基斷面(mian)顏(yan)色(se)(se)淺清黃(huang)色(se)(se)且(qie)鮮亮，子(zi)(zi)葉飽滿，用(yong)手指甲壓擠子(zi)(zi)葉能看出明顯的(de)油份。如果是隔(ge)年種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)基本無上(shang)述情況。

（二）口嚼法(fa)：例如栝蔞。栝蔞的種(zhong)(zhong)子去掉種(zhong)(zhong)皮后(hou)，再放入口中用齒嚼味(wei)香而(er)且(qie)感覺脆，而(er)陳種(zhong)(zhong)子味(wei)道淡且(qie)澀(se)，油辣嗓子，嚼時感覺軟，沒有(you)脆硬(ying)度(du)

（三）手(shou)摸：用手(shou)摸時有不(bu)同的感(gan)覺，例如桔梗。將手(shou)伸入桔梗堆里，手(shou)有涼爽、滑(hua)的感(gan)覺，而(er)陳種(zhong)子(zi)則有種(zhong)澀的感(gan)覺，而(er)且插入堆里的深(shen)度(du)不(bu)如新種(zhong)子(zi)。

（四）鼻聞：新陳(chen)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子的(de)氣味(wei)(wei)的(de)差異，可以(yi)判斷(duan)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子的(de)質量，如(ru)柴胡，新種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子經手搓之(zhi)后，有(you)一(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)清香的(de)氣味(wei)(wei)，而(er)陳(chen)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子則沒有(you)。其他品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)新種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子有(you)其固有(you)味(wei)(wei)道，陳(chen)的(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子味(wei)(wei)道淡些(xie)，個(ge)別一(yi)些(xie)同科植(zhi)物種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子的(de)外觀非常相似，如(ru)半(ban)夏。它的(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)球(qiu)(qiu)極像天南(nan)星(xing)。有(you)的(de)農民買半(ban)夏種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子時，分不(bu)(bu)清半(ban)夏和天南(nan)星(xing)的(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子，其實它們(men)是有(you)不(bu)(bu)同之(zhi)處的(de)。半(ban)夏的(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)球(qiu)(qiu)比(bi)較(jiao)圓，或扁圓，而(er)且種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)球(qiu)(qiu)的(de)基部(bu)有(you)許多(duo)須根孔，而(er)天南(nan)星(xing)的(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子比(bi)半(ban)夏種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子大，根孔不(bu)(bu)明顯，從顏(yan)色(se)上分辨，半(ban)夏的(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)球(qiu)(qiu)顏(yan)色(se)比(bi)天南(nan)星(xing)淺。

二(er)、理化檢(jian)測法(fa)：理化檢(jian)測法(fa)主(zhu)要包括干粒重、凈度、染色法(fa)等。

（一(yi)）干(gan)粒(li)(li)(li)重：所謂(wei)的干(gan)粒(li)(li)(li)重是指一(yi)個干(gan)粒(li)(li)(li)種(zhong)(zhong)子的質(zhi)量，以(yi)(yi)克(ke)為單位，一(yi)般來講某種(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)材種(zhong)(zhong)子干(gan)粒(li)(li)(li)重是穩(wen)定(ding)的，只在一(yi)定(ding)范(fan)圍內變化(hua)，干(gan)粒(li)(li)(li)重越大，種(zhong)(zhong)子越飽滿、充(chong)實(shi)質(zhi)量高。測定(ding)時一(yi)般要(yao)充(chong)分(fen)混合，隨機取1000粒(li)(li)(li)，稱重，重復(fu)幾次，計算(suan)平均值即得。例如(ru)遠志的干(gan)粒(li)(li)(li)重在通常(chang)情(qing)況下(xia)干(gan)粒(li)(li)(li)重為2.7克(ke)，如(ru)果在2.7克(ke)以(yi)(yi)下(xia)，則種(zhong)(zhong)子質(zhi)量有問題，或(huo)為劣種(zhong)(zhong)。

（二）種子凈(jing)度測定：在(zai)(zai)一批藥材種子中除去各種混(hun)雜物及自(zi)身廢種子外，余(yu)下的潔凈(jing)種子占檢驗樣品質量(liang)的百(bai)分數(shu)，稱為種子凈(jing)度。種子凈(jing)度低，混(hun)雜物多對貯(zhu)藏(zang)和播種都不利，因此，這(zhe)類種子在(zai)(zai)插種前(qian)要加以清選(xuan)。

(三）染色法：用(yong)一種化(hua)學(xue)制劑，經過化(hua)學(xue)反(fan)應后，顯示出不同的

顏(yan)色來(lai)辨別種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)活(huo)(huo)力的(de)一(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)科學(xue)測定手段。此方法也是國際上比較公認的(de)一(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)檢測方法。其(qi)原理為(wei)氧(yang)化態(tai)的(de)無色的(de)氯化三苯基四(si)氮唑接(jie)受了活(huo)(huo)種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)呼(hu)吸過程中脫(tuo)氫(qing)酶產生的(de)氫(qing)，而變(bian)成還原態(tai)的(de)紅色三苯基甲。有生活(huo)(huo)力的(de)種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)其(qi)脫(tuo)氫(qing)酶的(de)活(huo)(huo)性(xing)往(wang)往(wang)高，四(si)唑接(jie)受氫(qing)離(li)子(zi)還原為(wei)紅色，而死組(zu)織(zhi)不著色，所以根據(ju)染(ran)(ran)色部位及(ji)染(ran)(ran)色深(shen)淺來(lai)判斷種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)的(de)生活(huo)(huo)力。

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