中醫古籍(ji)中蘊(yun)含有(you)大量防病治病的(de)(de)理(li)論與經驗,是中醫學術傳承(cheng)的(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)載(zai)體。影(ying)印出版古籍(ji)作為(wei)最大程度(du)保持原貌的(de)(de)搶(qiang)救、保護與整理(li)古籍(ji)的(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)方式之一,是實現古籍(ji)再生性保護的(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)手(shou)段,能(neng)使(shi)珍稀(xi)的(de)(de)孤本(ben)善本(ben)化身千百、典藏傳承(cheng),并且(qie)可(ke)以擴大流通,促進(jin)傳播和利用。
簡要梳理(li)新中(zhong)國(guo)70年中(zhong)醫(yi)古(gu)籍影印整理(li)出(chu)版事(shi)業,回顧與總結70年來中(zhong)醫(yi)古(gu)籍傳(chuan)承與保護的(de)成績,以期(qi)為今后(hou)的(de)中(zhong)醫(yi)文(wen)獻整理(li)和出(chu)版工作提供借鑒。
新中國成立后的起步階段
中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華人(ren)民共和國成立初期(qi),國家各項事(shi)業(ye)百廢待興(xing),文化事(shi)業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展幾乎(hu)處于停滯(zhi)狀態,在(zai)《中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國當代(dai)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)版(ban)(ban)(ban)史料(liao)》中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)記載中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)藥(yao)古(gu)(gu)籍(ji)在(zai)1949~1951年期(qi)間僅整(zheng)(zheng)理(li)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)版(ban)(ban)(ban)20種(zhong)。1954年10月26日,中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)文化委員(yuan)會在(zai)《關(guan)于改進中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)工(gong)作(zuo)問題給(gei)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)報告》中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)提出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu),“整(zheng)(zheng)理(li)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)版(ban)(ban)(ban)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)古(gu)(gu)籍(ji):出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)版(ban)(ban)(ban)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)書(shu)籍(ji),包括整(zheng)(zheng)理(li)、編(bian)輯和翻印古(gu)(gu)典的(de)(de)(de)(de)和近代(dai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)書(shu)”,系中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)對中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)界古(gu)(gu)籍(ji)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)版(ban)(ban)(ban)的(de)(de)(de)(de)首次指示。根(gen)據指示,1956年,人(ren)民衛生(sheng)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)版(ban)(ban)(ban)社、上海(hai)科技出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)版(ban)(ban)(ban)社及(ji)一些(xie)地方(fang)(fang)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)版(ban)(ban)(ban)社承(cheng)擔了出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)版(ban)(ban)(ban)古(gu)(gu)籍(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)任務,整(zheng)(zheng)理(li)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)版(ban)(ban)(ban)的(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)古(gu)(gu)籍(ji)數(shu)量達581種(zhong),位居各類(lei)科技古(gu)(gu)籍(ji)之(zhi)首。整(zheng)(zheng)理(li)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)版(ban)(ban)(ban)的(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)古(gu)(gu)籍(ji)多為(wei)通論類(lei),同時本(ben)草類(lei)、傷寒(han)金(jin)匱類(lei)、醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)方(fang)(fang)類(lei)、醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)經(jing)類(lei)、針灸(jiu)類(lei)等古(gu)(gu)籍(ji)也相繼(ji)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)版(ban)(ban)(ban),其中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)影印出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)版(ban)(ban)(ban)的(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)古(gu)(gu)籍(ji)包括著名的(de)(de)(de)(de)經(jing)典著作(zuo)及(ji)臨床代(dai)表性著作(zuo),如《素問》《靈樞(shu)》《脈經(jing)》《針灸(jiu)甲乙(yi)經(jing)》《素問玄機原(yuan)病式》《儒門事(shi)親》《此事(shi)難知》《蘭室秘藏》《內外傷辨(bian)惑論》《本(ben)草經(jing)集注》《唐新修(xiu)本(ben)草》等,在(zai)當時經(jing)濟力量相對薄弱的(de)(de)(de)(de)時期(qi),這些(xie)影印出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)版(ban)(ban)(ban)的(de)(de)(de)(de)古(gu)(gu)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)籍(ji)對于中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)文獻的(de)(de)(de)(de)校點、訓詁、白話解等整(zheng)(zheng)理(li)工(gong)作(zuo)提供了珍貴的(de)(de)(de)(de)資(zi)料(liao),從文獻的(de)(de)(de)(de)角度(du)推動(dong)了中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)學的(de)(de)(de)(de)繼(ji)承(cheng)與發(fa)展。
改革開放后的快速發展階段
為做(zuo)好中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)古(gu)(gu)(gu)籍(ji)(ji)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)理(li)(li)出(chu)版(ban)(ban)(ban)工(gong)(gong)作,落實(shi)國(guo)務院古(gu)(gu)(gu)籍(ji)(ji)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)理(li)(li)出(chu)版(ban)(ban)(ban)規(gui)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)小(xiao)組做(zuo)出(chu)的(de)(de)“古(gu)(gu)(gu)代醫(yi)、農(nong)、科技以及(ji)少數民(min)(min)族(zu)古(gu)(gu)(gu)籍(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)理(li)(li)與出(chu)版(ban)(ban)(ban),將分別請(qing)由中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華人(ren)民(min)(min)共和國(guo)衛(wei)(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)部、農(nong)牧(mu)漁業部、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)科學(xue)院和中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)民(min)(min)族(zu)事務委(wei)(wei)(wei)員(yuan)會(hui)另行制訂規(gui)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)”,1982年(nian)衛(wei)(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)部中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)司在北京召(zhao)開(kai)了中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)古(gu)(gu)(gu)籍(ji)(ji)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)理(li)(li)出(chu)版(ban)(ban)(ban)規(gui)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)工(gong)(gong)作座談會(hui),初步擬定(ding)了《中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)古(gu)(gu)(gu)籍(ji)(ji)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)理(li)(li)出(chu)版(ban)(ban)(ban)規(gui)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)1982—1990年(nian)》,擬整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)理(li)(li)出(chu)版(ban)(ban)(ban)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)古(gu)(gu)(gu)籍(ji)(ji)686種(zhong)(其中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)包含94種(zhong)影印出(chu)版(ban)(ban)(ban)的(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)古(gu)(gu)(gu)籍(ji)(ji))。這些(xie)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)古(gu)(gu)(gu)籍(ji)(ji)不僅時(shi)間上跨度大,而且內容(rong)覆蓋面廣。為加強(qiang)領導,保(bao)證工(gong)(gong)作的(de)(de)順利開(kai)展,衛(wei)(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)部還設(she)立(li)了“中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)司中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)古(gu)(gu)(gu)籍(ji)(ji)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)理(li)(li)出(chu)版(ban)(ban)(ban)辦(ban)公室”,掛靠于(yu)人(ren)民(min)(min)衛(wei)(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)出(chu)版(ban)(ban)(ban)社,掌握(wo)全國(guo)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)古(gu)(gu)(gu)籍(ji)(ji)出(chu)版(ban)(ban)(ban)動(dong)態。而后國(guo)家中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)藥管理(li)(li)局又(you)設(she)立(li)了中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)古(gu)(gu)(gu)籍(ji)(ji)文獻研究整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)理(li)(li)出(chu)版(ban)(ban)(ban)學(xue)術(shu)委(wei)(wei)(wei)員(yuan)會(hui),學(xue)術(shu)委(wei)(wei)(wei)員(yuan)會(hui)承擔課題審議、成果評定(ding)、顧問咨(zi)詢等任務,以此來促進規(gui)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)落實(shi)。改革開(kai)放以來中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)古(gu)(gu)(gu)籍(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)理(li)(li)與出(chu)版(ban)(ban)(ban)首次(ci)納入到國(guo)家層面的(de)(de)規(gui)劃(hua)(hua)(hua)實(shi)施(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),具有(you)重(zhong)要的(de)(de)現實(shi)意(yi)義(yi)和深遠的(de)(de)歷(li)史(shi)意(yi)義(yi)。
在提出(chu)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)籍(ji)(ji)(ji)整理出(chu)版(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)規劃、設(she)立領(ling)導機(ji)構、眾多(duo)科研(yan)院(yuan)所參與(yu)、成立專業出(chu)版(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)隊伍(wu)的(de)背景(jing)下,全(quan)國(guo)(guo)第一(yi)家專業古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)籍(ji)(ji)(ji)出(chu)版(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)社(she)(she)——中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)籍(ji)(ji)(ji)出(chu)版(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)社(she)(she)成立,以(yi)搶(qiang)救中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)孤、善、珍(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)籍(ji)(ji)(ji)以(yi)及整理、出(chu)版(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)籍(ji)(ji)(ji)和研(yan)究(jiu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)籍(ji)(ji)(ji)著作為(wei)主,并(bing)率先(xian)影(ying)印了(le)《中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)珍(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)叢(cong)(cong)(cong)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)》(52種(zhong))、《文淵閣四(si)庫全(quan)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)家類》(97種(zhong))、《北(bei)京大(da)學(xue)圖書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)館館藏善本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)》(21種(zhong))、《春(chun)湖醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)珍(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)》(8種(zhong))、《壽養叢(cong)(cong)(cong)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)》(32種(zhong))等諸多(duo)善本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)、孤本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)。同時,其(qi)他出(chu)版(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)社(she)(she)也影(ying)印出(chu)版(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)了(le)許多(duo)既(ji)有特色(se)、學(xue)術價值又頗(po)高的(de)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)籍(ji)(ji)(ji),如北(bei)京古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)籍(ji)(ji)(ji)出(chu)版(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)社(she)(she)的(de)《中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)籍(ji)(ji)(ji)珍(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)叢(cong)(cong)(cong)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)》,上(shang)海科學(xue)技術出(chu)版(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)社(she)(she)的(de)《中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)學(xue)珍(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)叢(cong)(cong)(cong)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)》《珍(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)集(ji)(ji)成》《中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)學(xue)大(da)成續集(ji)(ji)》,浙(zhe)江科技出(chu)版(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)社(she)(she)的(de)《中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)籍(ji)(ji)(ji)珍(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)叢(cong)(cong)(cong)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)》,中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)店(dian)的(de)《中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)基(ji)礎叢(cong)(cong)(cong)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)》,上(shang)海古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)籍(ji)(ji)(ji)出(chu)版(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)社(she)(she)的(de)《四(si)庫醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)學(xue)叢(cong)(cong)(cong)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)》《氣功·養生叢(cong)(cong)(cong)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)》,上(shang)海書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)店(dian)的(de)《中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)籍(ji)(ji)(ji)善本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)叢(cong)(cong)(cong)刊(kan)》,上(shang)海三聯書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)店(dian)的(de)《歷(li)代中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)珍(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)集(ji)(ji)成》等。特別是江蘇廣陵古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)籍(ji)(ji)(ji)刻印社(she)(she)影(ying)印的(de)《廣陵醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)籍(ji)(ji)(ji)叢(cong)(cong)(cong)刊(kan)》一(yi)書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu),由(you)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)籍(ji)(ji)(ji)出(chu)版(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)社(she)(she)創(chuang)始人之一(yi)、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)科學(xue)院(yuan)(原中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)研(yan)究(jiu)院(yuan))的(de)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)學(xue)家耿鑒(jian)庭主編,書(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)收集(ji)(ji)了(le)揚州醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)家所著的(de)各種(zhong)刻本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben)和稿本(ben)(ben)(ben)(ben),并(bing)在每(mei)項著作前都加入題跋及序(xu),系地方醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)籍(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)首次(ci)出(chu)版(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)。
由此,中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)古(gu)籍(ji)(ji)的(de)整(zheng)(zheng)理(li)(li)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)版(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)局(ju)面欣欣向榮。1958年(nian),成(cheng)立了(le)國(guo)務院古(gu)籍(ji)(ji)整(zheng)(zheng)理(li)(li)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)版(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)規(gui)劃小組,1992年(nian)更(geng)名(ming)為(wei)國(guo)家(jia)古(gu)籍(ji)(ji)整(zheng)(zheng)理(li)(li)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)版(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)規(gui)劃領導小組,主(zhu)持召開了(le)第三屆全國(guo)古(gu)籍(ji)(ji)整(zheng)(zheng)理(li)(li)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)版(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)規(gui)劃會議,通過了(le)《中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)古(gu)籍(ji)(ji)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)版(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)十年(nian)規(gui)劃和(he)“八五”計劃(1991年(nian)—1995年(nian)—2000年(nian))》,提(ti)(ti)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)了(le)擴大(da)古(gu)籍(ji)(ji)整(zheng)(zheng)理(li)(li)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)版(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)范圍,在(zai)繼續重(zhong)視文學(xue)(xue)、歷史(shi)、哲(zhe)學(xue)(xue)古(gu)籍(ji)(ji)整(zheng)(zheng)理(li)(li)的(de)同(tong)時,對科(ke)技(ji)古(gu)籍(ji)(ji)與史(shi)料(liao)也必須予(yu)以重(zhong)視和(he)開發。這項規(gui)劃的(de)提(ti)(ti)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)前所(suo)未有,文學(xue)(xue)、歷史(shi)、哲(zhe)學(xue)(xue)、科(ke)技(ji)古(gu)籍(ji)(ji)全方(fang)位(wei)統(tong)籌整(zheng)(zheng)理(li)(li)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)版(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)的(de)局(ju)面就此展開。以中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)古(gu)籍(ji)(ji)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)版(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)社(she)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)版(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)的(de)《中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)研(yan)究院館(guan)藏善(shan)本(ben)(ben)叢書(shu)》《北(bei)京大(da)學(xue)(xue)圖書(shu)館(guan)館(guan)藏善(shan)本(ben)(ben)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)書(shu)》《四(si)庫(ku)全書(shu)子部醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)家(jia)類》《海(hai)外回(hui)歸中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)古(gu)籍(ji)(ji)珍(zhen)(zhen)善(shan)本(ben)(ben)集(ji)萃》《中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)古(gu)籍(ji)(ji)孤本(ben)(ben)大(da)全》《中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)珍(zhen)(zhen)善(shan)本(ben)(ben)影(ying)(ying)印(yin)(yin)存真文庫(ku)》《中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)養生珍(zhen)(zhen)本(ben)(ben)集(ji)成(cheng)》為(wei)代表,所(suo)收(shou)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)書(shu)均(jun)為(wei)學(xue)(xue)術價值(zhi)和(he)文獻價值(zhi)較(jiao)高的(de)珍(zhen)(zhen)本(ben)(ben)、善(shan)本(ben)(ben),通過影(ying)(ying)印(yin)(yin)存真,有效地搶救(jiu)與保(bao)護了(le)瀕(bin)臨失傳(chuan)的(de)珍(zhen)(zhen)貴資料(liao)。此外,上海(hai)科(ke)學(xue)(xue)技(ji)術出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)版(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)社(she)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)版(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)的(de)《全國(guo)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)學(xue)(xue)珍(zhen)(zhen)本(ben)(ben)叢書(shu)》、上海(hai)三聯書(shu)店出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)版(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)的(de)《歷代珍(zhen)(zhen)本(ben)(ben)集(ji)成(cheng)》等(deng)也均(jun)為(wei)質量較(jiao)佳的(de)影(ying)(ying)印(yin)(yin)叢書(shu)。
隨著中醫(yi)(yi)(yi)古(gu)(gu)籍(ji)愛好(hao)者和(he)中醫(yi)(yi)(yi)古(gu)(gu)籍(ji)研(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)者對于古(gu)(gu)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)籍(ji)閱(yue)讀、研(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)的(de)呼聲高漲,此時期的(de)古(gu)(gu)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)籍(ji)影(ying)印(yin)出(chu)(chu)版(ban)呈現(xian)百花齊(qi)放的(de)良(liang)好(hao)態勢。很多(duo)出(chu)(chu)版(ban)社(she)也將作為古(gu)(gu)籍(ji)整理(li)的(de)重要方向,影(ying)印(yin)出(chu)(chu)版(ban)的(de)書籍(ji)面(mian)向社(she)會發行(xing)后(hou)受到廣泛好(hao)評,也出(chu)(chu)現(xian)了一批(pi)中醫(yi)(yi)(yi)界至今仍然作為收藏者追(zhui)捧的(de)精品,這也成(cheng)為中醫(yi)(yi)(yi)古(gu)(gu)籍(ji)整理(li)和(he)深度研(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)重要基礎資料。
“中華古籍保護計劃”下的高效實施階段
2007年,國務院辦公廳(ting)頒布了《關于(yu)進(jin)(jin)一步(bu)加強古(gu)(gu)籍(ji)(ji)保護(hu)工作的意(yi)(yi)見(jian)》(以下簡稱《意(yi)(yi)見(jian)》),標志著“中(zhong)(zhong)華古(gu)(gu)籍(ji)(ji)保護(hu)計劃”正式(shi)啟動(dong),這也是首次(ci)由國家主持開展的全國性古(gu)(gu)籍(ji)(ji)保護(hu)工程。《意(yi)(yi)見(jian)》中(zhong)(zhong)提出(chu)(chu),“要進(jin)(jin)一步(bu)加強古(gu)(gu)籍(ji)(ji)的整理(li)、出(chu)(chu)版(ban)和研究(jiu)利用”和“利用現代印刷技術,推(tui)進(jin)(jin)古(gu)(gu)籍(ji)(ji)影(ying)印出(chu)(chu)版(ban)工作”等基本(ben)要求,提高了對古(gu)(gu)籍(ji)(ji)再生性保護(hu)的重視。在此背景下,中(zhong)(zhong)醫古(gu)(gu)籍(ji)(ji)搶救(jiu)整理(li)與影(ying)印出(chu)(chu)版(ban)進(jin)(jin)入了全面高效實施階段(duan)。
在“中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華(hua)(hua)古(gu)籍(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)保護(hu)計劃”框(kuang)架下,由中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華(hua)(hua)人(ren)(ren)民共和國(guo)文化部(bu)、財政(zheng)部(bu)組織開展的(de)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華(hua)(hua)再(zai)造(zao)善本(ben)一(yi)(yi)期(qi)(qi)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)于(yu)2008年順利完成。中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華(hua)(hua)再(zai)造(zao)善本(ben)續編工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)于(yu)同(tong)年9月正(zheng)式啟(qi)動,作為(wei)(wei)大型國(guo)家文化重點工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng),通過(guo)國(guo)家圖(tu)書館、國(guo)家古(gu)籍(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)保護(hu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心專(zhuan)家同(tong)仁十余(yu)年的(de)努力(li),共影印(yin)(yin)出(chu)(chu)版包含1300余(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)傳世(shi)珍(zhen)稀古(gu)籍(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji),《中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華(hua)(hua)再(zai)造(zao)善本(ben)》全部(bu)宣(xuan)紙線裝仿真影印(yin)(yin),印(yin)(yin)成后收(shou)藏于(yu)全國(guo)100所高等院(yuan)校及部(bu)分海外機構,保護(hu)傳承影響之大,古(gu)籍(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)門類涵蓋之廣,嘉惠學(xue)人(ren)(ren)普及之最,成為(wei)(wei)時代精(jing)品圖(tu)書中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)杰出(chu)(chu)的(de)代表(biao)。中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華(hua)(hua)再(zai)造(zao)善本(ben)一(yi)(yi)期(qi)(qi)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)唐宋編、金元編,選目(mu)(mu)758種(zhong)(zhong),其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)收(shou)錄中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫古(gu)籍(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)31部(bu);二期(qi)(qi)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)明清編,選目(mu)(mu)570種(zhong)(zhong),又有(you)10 部(bu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫藥典籍(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)入選,均為(wei)(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫古(gu)籍(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)版本(ben)和文獻(xian)的(de)精(jing)品。有(you)效地保護(hu)了(le)珍(zhen)稀古(gu)籍(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)和版本(ben),達到了(le)“續絕存真,傳本(ben)揚學(xue)”的(de)目(mu)(mu)標。
為(wei)進一步(bu)加(jia)大(da)(da)對中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)藥(yao)古(gu)籍(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)保(bao)(bao)護(hu),提(ti)高(gao)對中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)古(gu)籍(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重視,國家(jia)(jia)古(gu)籍(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(國家(jia)(jia)圖書(shu)館)和全國中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)行業(ye)古(gu)籍(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)科學(xue)(xue)院(yuan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)藥(yao)信息研究(jiu)所)于2012年聯(lian)合啟動了《中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華(hua)(hua)醫(yi)(yi)藏(zang)》項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)。《中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華(hua)(hua)醫(yi)(yi)藏(zang)》是(shi)從(cong)我(wo)國現(xian)存醫(yi)(yi)藥(yao)古(gu)籍(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)文獻(xian)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)遴選出(chu)(chu)兼具學(xue)(xue)術價(jia)值(zhi)、版本價(jia)值(zhi)和實用價(jia)值(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)古(gu)籍(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)2000余(yu)種,其中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)含少(shao)數民(min)族醫(yi)(yi)藥(yao)著作(zuo)200余(yu)種,以古(gu)籍(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)原書(shu)影印及提(ti)要撰寫為(wei)主要工作(zuo),為(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華(hua)(hua)人民(min)共和國成(cheng)立(li)以來規模(mo)最大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)藥(yao)典籍(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)調(diao)查和原書(shu)影印出(chu)(chu)版工程,也是(shi)全面揭示中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華(hua)(hua)古(gu)籍(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)源(yuan)點(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一項(xiang)工作(zuo),是(shi)繼(ji)“佛藏(zang)”“道藏(zang)”“儒藏(zang)”之后,又一項(xiang)系統(tong)復興中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華(hua)(hua)傳(chuan)統(tong)文化的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重大(da)(da)基礎性學(xue)(xue)術建設(she)工程。項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)不僅包括(kuo)《中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華(hua)(hua)醫(yi)(yi)藏(zang)》叢書(shu)影印,還(huan)包括(kuo)《中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華(hua)(hua)醫(yi)(yi)藏(zang)總目(mu)(mu)提(ti)要》《中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華(hua)(hua)醫(yi)(yi)藏(zang)簡明目(mu)(mu)錄》整理(li)(li)出(chu)(chu)版、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)古(gu)籍(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)資源(yuan)庫(ku)整體(ti)建設(she)等內容,是(shi)集保(bao)(bao)存、整理(li)(li)、利(li)用為(wei)一體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)藥(yao)古(gu)籍(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)再生性保(bao)(bao)護(hu)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)。在全面調(diao)查、整理(li)(li)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)古(gu)籍(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji),保(bao)(bao)持中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華(hua)(hua)醫(yi)(yi)藥(yao)完整性的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基礎上,使中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)古(gu)籍(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)資源(yuan)得(de)到充分的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)繼(ji)承與發展,對中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)古(gu)籍(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)甚至民(min)族醫(yi)(yi)藥(yao)文獻(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)、傳(chuan)承和利(li)用發揮不可(ke)替代(dai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用。目(mu)(mu)前,該項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)正在國家(jia)(jia)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)藥(yao)管理(li)(li)局的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)組織下積極推進。
此(ci)外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai),海(hai)(hai)外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)流失的(de)中(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)古籍(ji)文(wen)(wen)獻(xian)搶(qiang)救與整理方面也取得(de)了(le)(le)豐(feng)(feng)碩的(de)成果,由(you)人民衛生出版(ban)社和(he)中(zhong)(zhong)華書局先后出版(ban)了(le)(le)《海(hai)(hai)外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)回(hui)歸中(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)古籍(ji)珍(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)善本(ben)集(ji)萃》和(he)《海(hai)(hai)外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)中(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)珍(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)善本(ben)古籍(ji)叢(cong)(cong)刊》。尤其是《海(hai)(hai)外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)中(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)珍(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)善本(ben)古籍(ji)叢(cong)(cong)刊》一(yi)書,復制回(hui)歸海(hai)(hai)外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)中(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)古籍(ji)427部(bu),共403冊,門(men)類廣泛,內容全備,包(bao)括(kuo)宋版(ban)8部(bu)、元版(ban)11部(bu)、明(ming)版(ban)214部(bu)、清版(ban)40部(bu)等(deng)(deng),且(qie)多(duo)為(wei)國內已經失傳(chuan)的(de)版(ban)本(ben)或存藏(zang)極(ji)少的(de)珍(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)稀(xi)版(ban)本(ben),具有極(ji)高的(de)文(wen)(wen)獻(xian)價值(zhi)和(he)版(ban)本(ben)價值(zhi)。叢(cong)(cong)書原貌再現了(le)(le)流失海(hai)(hai)外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)的(de)珍(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)稀(xi)中(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)藥(yao)(yao)文(wen)(wen)獻(xian),集(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)反映了(le)(le)自1990年以(yi)來(lai)保存和(he)發掘海(hai)(hai)外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)珍(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)稀(xi)中(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)藥(yao)(yao)文(wen)(wen)獻(xian)的(de)豐(feng)(feng)碩成果,為(wei)2018年啟動的(de)“全球漢(han)籍(ji)合璧工程”等(deng)(deng)國家海(hai)(hai)外(wai)(wai)(wai)(wai)典籍(ji)的(de)調(diao)研與復制回(hui)歸做出重要示范,在中(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)界(jie)和(he)古籍(ji)界(jie)產生了(le)(le)較大(da)影響。
此時(shi)期(qi)的(de)(de)古(gu)(gu)籍(ji)影印(yin)整理工作,多(duo)是在國家(jia)古(gu)(gu)籍(ji)整理規(gui)劃出版(ban)(ban)等(deng)基金資(zi)助下推進(jin)展開的(de)(de),國家(jia)專項(xiang)資(zi)金的(de)(de)投入助力(li)了(le)(le)古(gu)(gu)醫(yi)籍(ji)影印(yin)出版(ban)(ban)工作,使(shi)得古(gu)(gu)籍(ji)出版(ban)(ban)在深(shen)度和廣度上有(you)了(le)(le)極(ji)大(da)的(de)(de)提高,尤其是使(shi)得很多(duo)精善的(de)(de)版(ban)(ban)本、孤罕的(de)(de)善本、珍稀的(de)(de)闕逸本、稿(gao)抄(chao)本等(deng)系統地再造再生,中醫(yi)文獻學科和古(gu)(gu)籍(ji)整理事業得到了(le)(le)極(ji)大(da)的(de)(de)推動(dong),新資(zi)料(liao)的(de)(de)面世(shi)不斷刷(shua)新古(gu)(gu)籍(ji)專業人(ren)員的(de)(de)認識(shi)和眼界,促進(jin)了(le)(le)中醫(yi)學術的(de)(de)豐富和繁榮(rong)。
中醫古籍影印出版事業未來展望
《中(zhong)(zhong)國中(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)古(gu)(gu)籍(ji)(ji)總目》收載(zai)現存約8000余種(zhong)中(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)古(gu)(gu)籍(ji)(ji),據不(bu)(bu)完全(quan)統(tong)計,截至(zhi)2012年(nian),共整(zheng)(zheng)理(li)(li)出(chu)版(ban)(ban)的中(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)圖書數(shu)量為5287種(zhong),其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)影印出(chu)版(ban)(ban)的有1507種(zhong),其(qi)數(shu)量占(zhan)總數(shu)的比(bi)例相對較少,無法反映中(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)古(gu)(gu)籍(ji)(ji)的完整(zheng)(zheng)面貌,而且(qie)中(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)古(gu)(gu)籍(ji)(ji)影印出(chu)版(ban)(ban)各門(men)類的數(shu)量參差(cha)不(bu)(bu)齊,也給(gei)中(zhong)(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)古(gu)(gu)籍(ji)(ji)的全(quan)面傳承(cheng)和整(zheng)(zheng)理(li)(li)研究帶來諸多不(bu)(bu)便。
近年來,在國家文(wen)(wen)化旅游部(bu)、國家中(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)藥管(guan)理局(ju)、國家新聞出(chu)(chu)版(ban)總署等部(bu)委的大(da)力支持下,在全國古(gu)(gu)籍(ji)(ji)(ji)保(bao)護專家的共同努(nu)力下,中(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)藥古(gu)(gu)籍(ji)(ji)(ji)保(bao)護與利用的工(gong)作(zuo)體(ti)系得到完善(shan),古(gu)(gu)籍(ji)(ji)(ji)保(bao)護意(yi)識不斷加強(qiang)。隨著中(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)藥古(gu)(gu)籍(ji)(ji)(ji)普查編(bian)目(mu)、中(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)藥古(gu)(gu)籍(ji)(ji)(ji)海外回歸、中(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)藥古(gu)(gu)籍(ji)(ji)(ji)孤(gu)本調研出(chu)(chu)版(ban)、中(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)藥古(gu)(gu)籍(ji)(ji)(ji)數(shu)字化建設、中(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)藥古(gu)(gu)籍(ji)(ji)(ji)保(bao)護與利用能力建設項目(mu)等一系列(lie)工(gong)作(zuo)的陸續開啟,中(zhong)醫(yi)(yi)古(gu)(gu)籍(ji)(ji)(ji)得到了(le)針對(dui)性(xing)的保(bao)護。尤其(qi)是一些大(da)型網絡(luo)古(gu)(gu)籍(ji)(ji)(ji)數(shu)據庫(ku)的出(chu)(chu)現(xian)讓數(shu)字化技(ji)(ji)術(shu)在文(wen)(wen)獻保(bao)護方面凸(tu)顯(xian)出(chu)(chu)其(qi)優越性(xing),但數(shu)字化技(ji)(ji)術(shu)并不代表(biao)影(ying)印古(gu)(gu)籍(ji)(ji)(ji)出(chu)(chu)版(ban)的終(zhong)結(jie)。古(gu)(gu)籍(ji)(ji)(ji)影(ying)印整(zheng)理分別與文(wen)(wen)獻解題、學(xue)術(shu)導(dao)讀相(xiang)結(jie)合(he),與校點訓詁(gu)整(zheng)理相(xiang)結(jie)合(he),與學(xue)術(shu)學(xue)科發展需(xu)求(qiu)相(xiang)結(jie)合(he)的古(gu)(gu)籍(ji)(ji)(ji)研究形式,而使古(gu)(gu)籍(ji)(ji)(ji)影(ying)印工(gong)作(zuo)呈現(xian)學(xue)術(shu)性(xing)需(xu)求(qiu)高的新特點,也對(dui)傳統的古(gu)(gu)籍(ji)(ji)(ji)影(ying)印工(gong)作(zuo)提出(chu)(chu)了(le)不拘一格的創新性(xing)的新要求(qiu)。
中醫(yi)(yi)古(gu)籍中蘊藏(zang)著(zhu)許多值得進(jin)(jin)一步挖掘的(de)寶貴資源,通過古(gu)籍文獻(xian)(xian)的(de)學術(shu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)、創(chuang)新(xin)(xin)化(hua)(hua)(hua),推進(jin)(jin)影(ying)印(yin)整理水平,借助(zhu)古(gu)籍數字化(hua)(hua)(hua)、多媒體出(chu)(chu)(chu)版等轉(zhuan)化(hua)(hua)(hua)與補充影(ying)印(yin)出(chu)(chu)(chu)版的(de)載體形式,讓(rang)中醫(yi)(yi)古(gu)籍影(ying)印(yin)出(chu)(chu)(chu)版事(shi)業煥(huan)發出(chu)(chu)(chu)新(xin)(xin)活力,從而促進(jin)(jin)中醫(yi)(yi)古(gu)籍原創(chuang)知識的(de)凝(ning)練和(he)在科(ke)技創(chuang)新(xin)(xin)驅動(dong)下的(de)轉(zhuan)化(hua)(hua)(hua)創(chuang)新(xin)(xin),進(jin)(jin)而為中醫(yi)(yi)藥服務(wu)當(dang)今社會、推進(jin)(jin)我國傳統醫(yi)(yi)學與現(xian)代醫(yi)(yi)學的(de)交流做出(chu)(chu)(chu)新(xin)(xin)的(de)貢獻(xian)(xian)。
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