lt;<上一篇：中藥的用法包括什么？下一篇：中醫如何評價西洋參？>>麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)湯(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)的(de)(de)組(zu)成(cheng)(cheng)與(yu)(yu)功(gong)(gong)(gong)效？字體(ti)：[大(da)(da)中(zhong)小(xiao)]打印(yin)問(wen)題詳述：最佳答案(an)：麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)湯(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)【方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)名】麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)湯(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)【出處】《傷(shang)寒(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)論》【分(fen)(fen)類】解(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)-辛溫(wen)解(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)【組(zu)成(cheng)(cheng)】麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)（9克(ke)(ke)(ke)）桂(gui)(gui)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)（6克(ke)(ke)(ke)）杏(xing)仁(ren)（6克(ke)(ke)(ke)）甘(gan)(gan)草（3克(ke)(ke)(ke)）【方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)訣】【功(gong)(gong)(gong)用(yong)(yong)(yong)】發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)汗(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)解(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)，宣(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)肺(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)喘(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)。【主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)治】外(wai)(wai)(wai)感風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)寒(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)。惡(e)寒(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)熱(re)，頭痛身(shen)疼(teng)(teng)，無汗(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)而(er)(er)(er)(er)喘(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)，舌苔薄(bo)白(bai)(bai)，脈(mo)浮(fu)(fu)緊。（本方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)常(chang)(chang)用(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)感冒、流行(xing)性(xing)感冒、急性(xing)支(zhi)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)管(guan)炎、支(zhi)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)管(guan)哮喘(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)等屬風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)寒(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)實(shi)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)者。）【用(yong)(yong)(yong)法(fa)】上四味(wei)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)水九升，先煮麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)，減二升，去(qu)(qu)上沫，內諸藥(yao)(yao)，煮取(qu)二升半，去(qu)(qu)滓，溫(wen)服八合(he)(he)。覆(fu)(fu)取(qu)微似汗(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)，不(bu)(bu)須(xu)啜粥，余(yu)如桂(gui)(gui)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法(fa)將息（現代用(yong)(yong)(yong)法(fa)：水煎服，溫(wen)覆(fu)(fu)取(qu)微汗(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)）。【禁(jin)忌】本方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)辛溫(wen)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)汗(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)峻(jun)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)，故(gu)《傷(shang)寒(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)論》對“瘡(chuang)家(jia)”、“淋家(jia)”、“衄家(jia)”、“亡(wang)血(xue)家(jia)”，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)及外(wai)(wai)(wai)感表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)虛(xu)自汗(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)、血(xue)虛(xu)而(er)(er)(er)(er)脈(mo)兼“尺中(zhong)遲(chi)”、誤(wu)下而(er)(er)(er)(er)見(jian)(jian)“身(shen)重心悸(ji)”等，雖(sui)有(you)表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)寒(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)，亦皆禁(jin)用(yong)(yong)(yong)。麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)湯(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)藥(yao)(yao)味(wei)雖(sui)少，但發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)汗(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)力(li)強，不(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)過(guo)服，否(fou)則(ze)，汗(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)出過(guo)多(duo)必(bi)傷(shang)人正氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。正如柯琴(qin)指出：“此(ci)乃純陽(yang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)，過(guo)于(yu)(yu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)散(san)(san)(san)，如單(dan)刀直入之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)將，投(tou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)恰當，一(yi)(yi)戰成(cheng)(cheng)功(gong)(gong)(gong)。不(bu)(bu)當則(ze)不(bu)(bu)戢而(er)(er)(er)(er)召(zhao)禍。故(gu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)，可(ke)(ke)一(yi)(yi)而(er)(er)(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)再。”（《傷(shang)寒(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)來蘇集·傷(shang)寒(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)附(fu)(fu)翼》卷上）【方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)解(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)】風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)寒(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)傷(shang)人肌(ji)表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)，毛竅閉塞(sai)，肺(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)不(bu)(bu)宣(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)，衛氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)不(bu)(bu)得(de)外(wai)(wai)(wai)達(da)，營(ying)(ying)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)澀而(er)(er)(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)暢，所以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)外(wai)(wai)(wai)見(jian)(jian)惡(e)寒(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)熱(re)、頭痛、身(shen)疼(teng)(teng)、無汗(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)、脈(mo)浮(fu)(fu)，內見(jian)(jian)喘(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)逆。此(ci)時，當發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)汗(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)解(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)，宣(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)肺(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)喘(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)，使(shi)肺(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)宣(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)，毛竅開，營(ying)(ying)衛通暢，汗(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)出而(er)(er)(er)(er)在(zai)表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)寒(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)得(de)解(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)，諸證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)悉除。麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)味(wei)苦辛性(xing)溫(wen)，為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)肺(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)經專藥(yao)(yao)，能(neng)(neng)(neng)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)越人體(ti)陽(yang)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，有(you)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)汗(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)解(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)、宣(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)肺(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)喘(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)的(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)，所以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)中(zhong)的(de)(de)君藥(yao)(yao)，并用(yong)(yong)(yong)來作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)名。由于(yu)(yu)營(ying)(ying)澀衛郁(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)，單(dan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)汗(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)，但解(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)衛氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)郁(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)，所以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)又(you)(you)(you)(you)用(yong)(yong)(yong)溫(wen)經散(san)(san)(san)寒(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)，透營(ying)(ying)達(da)衛的(de)(de)桂(gui)(gui)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)臣(chen)，加(jia)(jia)強發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)汗(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)解(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)而(er)(er)(er)(er)散(san)(san)(san)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)寒(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)，除身(shen)疼(teng)(teng)。本證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)喘(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)由肺(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)郁(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)而(er)(er)(er)(er)上逆所致，麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)、桂(gui)(gui)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)又(you)(you)(you)(you)都上行(xing)而(er)(er)(er)(er)散(san)(san)(san)，所以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)再配降(jiang)肺(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、散(san)(san)(san)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)寒(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)的(de)(de)杏(xing)仁(ren)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)佐藥(yao)(yao)，同麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)一(yi)(yi)宣(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)一(yi)(yi)降(jiang)，增(zeng)強解(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)郁(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)喘(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)功(gong)(gong)(gong)。炙甘(gan)(gan)草既(ji)(ji)能(neng)(neng)(neng)調和(he)宣(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)降(jiang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)、杏(xing)，又(you)(you)(you)(you)能(neng)(neng)(neng)緩(huan)和(he)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)、桂(gui)(gui)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)合(he)(he)的(de)(de)峻(jun)烈(lie)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)性(xing)，使(shi)汗(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)出不(bu)(bu)致過(guo)猛(meng)而(er)(er)(er)(er)傷(shang)耗正氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)使(shi)藥(yao)(yao)而(er)(er)(er)(er)兼佐藥(yao)(yao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)義(yi)。麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)得(de)桂(gui)(gui)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，一(yi)(yi)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)衛分(fen)(fen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)郁(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)，一(yi)(yi)透營(ying)(ying)分(fen)(fen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)邪(xie)，所以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)柯琴(qin)評麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)湯(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)曰(yue)：“此(ci)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)開表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)逐邪(xie)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)汗(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)峻(jun)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)也。”方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)義(yi)2：本方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)外(wai)(wai)(wai)感風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)寒(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)，肺(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)夫宣(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)所致。風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)寒(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)邪(xie)外(wai)(wai)(wai)襲(xi)肌(ji)表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)，使(shi)衛陽(yang)被遏(e)，腠理(li)閉塞(sai)，營(ying)(ying)陰郁(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)滯，經脈(mo)不(bu)(bu)通，故(gu)見(jian)(jian)惡(e)寒(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)、發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)熱(re)、無汗(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)、頭身(shen)痛；肺(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)屬衛，外(wai)(wai)(wai)合(he)(he)皮毛，寒(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)邪(xie)外(wai)(wai)(wai)束于(yu)(yu)表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)，影響(xiang)肺(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)宣(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)肅下行(xing)，則(ze)上逆為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)喘(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)；舌苔薄(bo)白(bai)(bai)，脈(mo)浮(fu)(fu)緊皆是(shi)(shi)(shi)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)寒(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)襲(xi)表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)的(de)(de)反映。治當發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)汗(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)解(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)，宣(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)肺(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)喘(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)。方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)中(zhong)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)苦辛性(xing)溫(wen)，歸肺(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)與(yu)(yu)膀胱經，善開腠發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)汗(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)，祛(qu)(qu)(qu)在(zai)表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)寒(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)；宣(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)肺(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)喘(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)，開閉郁(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)肺(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，故(gu)本方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)用(yong)(yong)(yong)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)君藥(yao)(yao)。由于(yu)(yu)本方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)屬衛郁(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)營(ying)(ying)滯，單(dan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)汗(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)，只能(neng)(neng)(neng)解(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)衛氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)閉郁(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)，所以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)又(you)(you)(you)(you)用(yong)(yong)(yong)透營(ying)(ying)達(da)衛的(de)(de)桂(gui)(gui)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)臣(chen)藥(yao)(yao)，解(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)肌(ji)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)，溫(wen)通經脈(mo)，既(ji)(ji)助麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)解(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)，使(shi)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)汗(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)力(li)倍增(zeng)；又(you)(you)(you)(you)暢行(xing)營(ying)(ying)陰，使(shi)疼(teng)(teng)痛之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)癥得(de)解(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)。二藥(yao)(yao)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)須(xu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)用(yong)(yong)(yong)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)辛溫(wen)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)汗(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)的(de)(de)常(chang)(chang)用(yong)(yong)(yong)組(zu)合(he)(he)。杏(xing)仁(ren)降(jiang)利肺(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，與(yu)(yu)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)伍(wu)(wu)(wu)，一(yi)(yi)宣(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)一(yi)(yi)降(jiang)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)恢復肺(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)宣(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)降(jiang)，加(jia)(jia)強宣(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)肺(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)喘(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)功(gong)(gong)(gong)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)宣(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)降(jiang)肺(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)常(chang)(chang)用(yong)(yong)(yong)組(zu)合(he)(he)，為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)佐藥(yao)(yao)。炙甘(gan)(gan)草既(ji)(ji)能(neng)(neng)(neng)調和(he)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)、杏(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)宣(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)降(jiang)，又(you)(you)(you)(you)能(neng)(neng)(neng)緩(huan)和(he)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)、桂(gui)(gui)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)合(he)(he)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)峻(jun)烈(lie)，使(shi)汗(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)出不(bu)(bu)致過(guo)猛(meng)而(er)(er)(er)(er)耗傷(shang)正氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)使(shi)藥(yao)(yao)而(er)(er)(er)(er)兼佐藥(yao)(yao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)。四藥(yao)(yao)配伍(wu)(wu)(wu)，表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)寒(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)得(de)散(san)(san)(san)，營(ying)(ying)衛得(de)通，肺(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)得(de)宣(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)，則(ze)諸癥可(ke)(ke)愈。【化(hua)裁】若(ruo)喘(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)急胸悶、咳嗽痰(tan)(tan)多(duo)、表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)不(bu)(bu)甚(shen)者，去(qu)(qu)桂(gui)(gui)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，加(jia)(jia)蘇子、半夏以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)化(hua)痰(tan)(tan)止咳平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)喘(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)。若(ruo)鼻塞(sai)、流涕重者，加(jia)(jia)蒼(cang)耳(er)子、辛夷以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)宣(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)通鼻竅。若(ruo)夾(jia)濕(shi)邪(xie)而(er)(er)(er)(er)兼見(jian)(jian)骨節酸痛，加(jia)(jia)蒼(cang)術(shu)(shu)(shu)、薏苡(yi)仁(ren)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)祛(qu)(qu)(qu)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)除濕(shi)。兼里熱(re)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)煩躁、口干，酌加(jia)(jia)石膏(gao)、黃(huang)(huang)(huang)芩以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)清瀉郁(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)熱(re)。【附(fu)(fu)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)】麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)加(jia)(jia)術(shu)(shu)(shu)湯(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)、麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)杏(xing)苡(yi)甘(gan)(gan)湯(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)、大(da)(da)青(qing)龍湯(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)、三(san)(san)拗(ao)湯(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)、華(hua)(hua)蓋散(san)(san)(san)【附(fu)(fu)注(zhu)】本方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)是(shi)(shi)(shi)治療外(wai)(wai)(wai)感風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)寒(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)實(shi)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)的(de)(de)基(ji)礎(chu)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)。臨床應用(yong)(yong)(yong)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)惡(e)寒(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)熱(re)，無寒(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)而(er)(er)(er)(er)喘(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)，脈(mo)浮(fu)(fu)緊為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)辨證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)要點(dian)。本方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)配伍(wu)(wu)(wu)特點(dian)有(you)二：一(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)、桂(gui)(gui)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)須(xu)，發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)衛氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)閉以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)開腠理(li)，透營(ying)(ying)分(fen)(fen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)郁(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)暢營(ying)(ying)陰，則(ze)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)汗(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)解(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)功(gong)(gong)(gong)益彰；二為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)、杏(xing)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)使(shi)，宣(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)降(jiang)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)因，則(ze)宣(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)肺(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)喘(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)效甚(shen)著。方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)比較(jiao)：麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)加(jia)(jia)術(shu)(shu)(shu)湯(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)與(yu)(yu)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)杏(xing)仁(ren)薏苡(yi)甘(gan)(gan)草湯(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)均由麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)湯(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)加(jia)(jia)減而(er)(er)(er)(er)成(cheng)(cheng)，都是(shi)(shi)(shi)治療外(wai)(wai)(wai)感風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)寒(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)夾(jia)濕(shi)的(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)。但前方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)屬素體(ti)多(duo)溫(wen)，又(you)(you)(you)(you)外(wai)(wai)(wai)感風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)寒(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)，表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)寒(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)及身(shen)疼(teng)(teng)較(jiao)后(hou)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)重，故(gu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)、桂(gui)(gui)與(yu)(yu)白(bai)(bai)術(shu)(shu)(shu)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)配，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)汗(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)解(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)、散(san)(san)(san)寒(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)祛(qu)(qu)(qu)濕(shi)。然(ran)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)汗(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)祛(qu)(qu)(qu)濕(shi)又(you)(you)(you)(you)不(bu)(bu)宜過(guo)汗(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)，方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)中(zhong)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)得(de)白(bai)(bai)術(shu)(shu)(shu)雖(sui)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)汗(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)而(er)(er)(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)致太過(guo)，白(bai)(bai)術(shu)(shu)(shu)得(de)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)則(ze)能(neng)(neng)(neng)盡去(qu)(qu)表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)里之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)濕(shi)，相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)輔相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)制，深得(de)配伍(wu)(wu)(wu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)妙。后(hou)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)不(bu)(bu)僅(jin)表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)寒(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)及身(shen)疼(teng)(teng)比較(jiao)輕，且(qie)日晡發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)熱(re)增(zeng)劇，有(you)化(hua)熱(re)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)傾向，故(gu)而(er)(er)(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)桂(gui)(gui)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、白(bai)(bai)術(shu)(shu)(shu)，改用(yong)(yong)(yong)苡(yi)仁(ren)滲利清化(hua)。全方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)用(yong)(yong)(yong)量尤(you)輕，亦為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)微汗(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)。大(da)(da)青(qing)龍湯(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)系(xi)由麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)湯(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)重用(yong)(yong)(yong)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)，再加(jia)(jia)石膏(gao)、生(sheng)姜(jiang)、大(da)(da)棗(zao)組(zu)成(cheng)(cheng)。主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)治風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)寒(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)實(shi)重證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)而(er)(er)(er)(er)兼里有(you)郁(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)熱(re)者。方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)中(zhong)倍用(yong)(yong)(yong)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)，故(gu)其發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)汗(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)力(li)尤(you)峻(jun)。其煩躁為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)郁(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)熱(re)在(zai)里，故(gu)加(jia)(jia)石膏(gao)清熱(re)除煩。生(sheng)姜(jiang)合(he)(he)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)、桂(gui)(gui)則(ze)散(san)(san)(san)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)寒(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)解(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)邪(xie)，合(he)(he)棗(zao)、草則(ze)益脾胃以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)滋肝源，使(shi)汗(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)出表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)解(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)，寒(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)熱(re)煩躁并除。三(san)(san)拗(ao)湯(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)與(yu)(yu)華(hua)(hua)蓋散(san)(san)(san)皆為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)湯(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)去(qu)(qu)桂(gui)(gui)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，故(gu)功(gong)(gong)(gong)用(yong)(yong)(yong)重在(zai)宣(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)散(san)(san)(san)肺(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)中(zhong)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)寒(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)，主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)治風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)寒(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)犯肺(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)咳喘(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)。但為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)宣(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)肺(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)解(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)的(de)(de)基(ji)礎(chu)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)，主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)治風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)寒(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)襲(xi)肺(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)的(de)(de)咳喘(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)輕證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)；華(hua)(hua)蓋散(san)(san)(san)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)治素體(ti)痰(tan)(tan)多(duo)而(er)(er)(er)(er)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)寒(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)襲(xi)肺(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)，故(gu)加(jia)(jia)蘇子、陳(chen)皮、桑(sang)白(bai)(bai)皮、赤茯苓以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)降(jiang)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)祛(qu)(qu)(qu)痰(tan)(tan)，加(jia)(jia)強化(hua)痰(tan)(tan)止咳的(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)。
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